Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 5 of 6 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Beta Carotene 25,000 IU Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Thompson

Beta Carotene 25,000 IU label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Beta Carotene 25,000 IU against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Beta Carotene 25,000 IU is a dietary supplement by Thompson with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for eye and vision health, skin health and acne, immune support.Based on those ingredients, 1,123 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Lemon Grass powder, Vitamin A, Spirulina powder. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Beta Carotene 25,000 IU by Thompson

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Beta Carotene 25,000 IU by Thompson — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Beta Carotene 25,000 IU by Thompson

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 12, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 10 active ingredients.
  • “Vitamin A” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (25,000 IU) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “as 100% natural Beta Carotene” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “Proprietary Carotenoid Support Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (7 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Thompson's Beta Carotene contains 10 ingredients, most of them carotenoids—plant pigments your body can convert to vitamin A. The main active is beta-carotene itself (25,000 IU per softgel), along with zeaxanthin, lutein, alpha-carotene, and cryptoxanthin, plus carrot and lemongrass concentrates and spirulina powder.

The product also includes annatto oil (a natural colorant) and yam powder. These work together to support eye and skin health.

The softgel capsule itself contains olive oil, gelatin, glycerin, beeswax, lecithin, and titanium dioxide as inactive ingredients—they help deliver and contain the actives.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Vitamin A deficiency — rated "Effective" (Vitamin A) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) — rated "Possibly Effective" (Lutein) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Aging skin — rated "Possibly Effective" (Vitamin A) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia — rated "Possibly Effective" (Vitamin A) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Cataracts — rated "Possibly Effective" (Lutein) (Natural Medicines).

Beta-carotene itself is effective for vitamin A deficiency and possibly helpful for aging skin, measles, oral leukoplakia, ulcerative colitis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Zeaxanthin and lutein are both possibly effective for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of vision loss in older adults.

Lutein is also possibly effective for cataracts. Beyond those uses, the evidence in our data isn't established—zeaxanthin and lutein haven't shown reliable benefit for Alzheimer's disease, cognitive decline, asthma, breast cancer, or other conditions listed.

The remaining ingredients lack sufficient evidence to rate their effectiveness for any condition.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin A Annatto Carrot Lemongrass Blue-green Algae

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 7 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 7 of 7.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 7 of 7.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

At typical supplement doses, beta-carotene, zeaxanthin, and lutein are generally well tolerated. High doses of beta-carotene (especially as retinol) are the concern—it builds up in your body and can cause serious toxicity, including liver damage, headache, and in rare cases coma or death.

Symptoms of excess vitamin A include fatigue, dry and peeling skin, hair loss, and brittle nails. Young children are more vulnerable to toxicity from large single doses.

Annatto, spirulina, and lemongrass are less studied in concentrated supplement form and carry allergy risks—annatto and spirulina have caused severe reactions including anaphylaxis in rare cases. Spirulina quality varies and can be contaminated with heavy metals or toxins.

For pregnancy: beta-carotene and carrot are likely safe at normal amounts, but zeaxanthin, annatto, and lemongrass have insufficient data (use caution and check with your doctor). Lemongrass is considered likely unsafe in pregnancy.

For breastfeeding: insufficient data exists for zeaxanthin, lutein, annatto, lemongrass, and spirulina in supplement doses—food sources are fine, but check with your doctor before taking the supplement.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin A Annatto Carrot Lemongrass Blue-green Algae

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 7 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Annatto, Lemongrass, Blue-green Algae, Vitamin A, Zeaxanthin.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,124 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your pharmacist before taking this product if you use retinoid medications like isotretinoin or tretinoin (Major interaction). Moderate interactions exist with blood thinners (warfarin), tetracycline antibiotics, antidiabetes drugs, immunosuppressants, liver-damaging medications, medications broken down by the liver enzyme CYP3A4, glucuronidated drugs, and sedatives like pentobarbital.

Do not add this supplement without reviewing your medication list.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is mainly for people supporting eye health (especially AMD prevention) or correcting vitamin A deficiency. If you take retinoid acne or psoriasis medications, blood thinners, tetracycline antibiotics, diabetic drugs, liver-stressed medications, or sedatives, talk to your pharmacist first—interactions are documented.

Anyone pregnant, breastfeeding, or allergic to any ingredient should check with their doctor or pharmacist.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 7 of 10 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 10, 2014.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Beta Carotene 25,000 IU, straight from the product label.

Brand Thompson
Barcode (UPC) 031315192807
Net contents 30 Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 10, 2014
DSLD ID 37238
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Beta Carotene 25,000 IU by Thompson, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
UPC/BARCODE
031315192807
IngredientAmount% DV
Vitamin A25000 IU500%
Zeaxanthin90 mcg--
Beta-Carotene15000 mcg--
Alpha Carotene470 mcg--
Lutein70 mcg--
Cryptoxanthin110 mcg--
as 100% natural Beta Carotene0 NP--
Proprietary Carotenoid Support Blend7 mg--
Annatto Oil concentrate0 NP--
Carrot concentrate0 NP--
Lemon Grass powder0 NP--
Spirulina powder0 NP--
Yam powder0 NP--

Other ingredients: Olive Oil, Gelatin, Glycerin, Beeswax, Lecithin, Titanium Dioxide

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

SINCE 1932

100% PURE

FRESH HEALTHY

ONCE DAILY

Keep your licensed health care practitioner informed when using this product.

FDA Statement of Identity

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

Precautions

WARNING: Do not use if safety seal is broken or missing.

Keep out of reach of children.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Use only as directed. Take one softgel daily with a meal or glass of water.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Our own laboratory analysis guarantees purity and freshness of all Thompson(R) products.

(C)2007

General

7489985 1007

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Beta Carotene 25,000 IU by Thompson label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Beta Carotene 25,000 IU label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Beta Carotene 25,000 IU by Thompson

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Vitamin A

Interacts with
387 drugs
25000 IU per serving

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplemen...

Vitamin A monograph & interactions

Proprietary Carotenoid Support Blend

7 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Olive Oil, Gelatin, Glycerin, Beeswax, Lecithin, Titanium Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Beta Carotene 25,000 IU by Thompson Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Beta Carotene 25,000 IU?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,123Drugs
9 Major 1,114 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Lemon Grass powder 708
Vitamin A 387
Spirulina powder 327
Annatto Oil concentrate 86

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Beta Carotene 25,000 IU interact with 1,123 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 6 ingredients in Beta Carotene 25,000 IU interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Lemon Grass powder Vitamin A Spirulina powder Annatto Oil concentrate

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Beta Carotene 25,000 IU with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Lemon Grass powder3 drug types · 708 drugs

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, lemongrass might decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Animal research shows that lemongrass and its constituent citral inhibit CYP3A4.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Glucuronidated Drugs

Theoretically, lemongrass might increase the clearance and decrease the levels of glucuronidated drugs.
Animal research shows that lemongrass and its constituent citral induce uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase (UGT), the major phase 2 enzyme that is responsible for glucuronidation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, lemongrass might increase the effects and adverse effects of pentobarbital.
Animal research shows that high doses of lemongrass essential oil increases sleep time and decreases time to fall asleep in animals administered pentobarbital.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lemon Grass powder full monograph & interactions

Vitamin A4 drug types · 387 drugs

Retinoids

Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Retinoids, which are vitamin A derivatives, could have additive toxic effects when taken with vitamin A supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
The tolerable upper intake level (UL) is the highest level of intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects. Doses of vitamin A above the UL can cause hepatotoxicity, ranging from elevated liver enzymes to liver failure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence C
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, taking tetracycline antibiotics with high doses of vitamin A can increase the risk of pseudotumor cerebri.
Benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) can occur with tetracyclines and with acute or chronic vitamin A toxicity. Case reports suggest that taking tetracyclines and vitamin A concurrently can increase the risk of this condition. Avoid high doses of vitamin A in people taking tetracyclines chronically.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, high doses of vitamin A could increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Vitamin A toxicity is associated with hemorrhage and hypoprothrombinemia, possibly due to vitamin K antagonism. Advise patients taking warfarin to avoid doses of vitamin A above the tolerable upper intake level of 10,000 IU/day for adults.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Vitamin A full monograph & interactions

Spirulina powder3 drug types · 327 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, spirulina blue-green algae might increase the risk of bleeding if used with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. However, this is unlikely.
Spirulina blue-green algae have shown antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects in vitro. However, one preliminary study in 24 patients receiving spirulina blue-green algae 2.3 grams daily for 2 weeks showed no effect on platelet activation or measures of clotting time.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking blue-green algae with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Human research shows that spirulina blue-green algae can have hypoglycemic effects in patients with diabetes, at least some of whom were using antidiabetes drugs. However, blue-green algae does not seem to improve glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with diabetes. A meta-analysis of animal studies also suggests that spirulina blue-green algae have hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, concurrent use of blue-green algae might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Blue-green algae have been shown to stimulate the immune system.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Spirulina powder full monograph & interactions

Annatto Oil concentrate1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Animal studies suggest that certain annatto extracts may have hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic effects. Theoretically, taking annatto with antidiabetes drugs could reduce the therapeutic effects of these drugs or increase the risk for additive hypoglycemia. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Annatto Oil concentrate full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Beta Carotene 25,000 IU, from the product label.

Thompson

See all Thompson products
Name
Nutraceutical Corp.
Web Address
www.nutraceutical.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Beta Carotene 25,000 IU by Thompson: Common Questions

Does Beta Carotene 25,000 IU by Thompson interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Beta Carotene 25,000 IU has a known interaction with 1,123 medications, including 9 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Beta Carotene 25,000 IU contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this supplement actually help my eyes?
Lutein and zeaxanthin are both possibly effective for age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of vision loss in older adults—and lutein may also help with cataracts. That said, the evidence is promising but not definitive. Your doctor or eye specialist can tell you whether it makes sense for your situation.
Is this safe to take long-term?
At the dose in this product (25,000 IU), beta-carotene is generally well tolerated when taken as directed. The risk comes from very high doses taken over time, which can build up in your body and cause toxicity. Stick to the label dose and you should be fine—but if you're taking other vitamin A supplements or retinoid medications, tell your pharmacist to avoid overdosing.
Can I take this while pregnant?
Beta-carotene and carrot concentrate are likely safe in pregnancy at normal amounts. Zeaxanthin and lutein don't have enough data, and lemongrass is considered likely unsafe. Because this product contains several ingredients with limited pregnancy data, talk to your doctor or pharmacist before starting it.
What's spirulina doing in here?
Spirulina is a blue-green algae added for its nutrient content and antioxidant properties. It's generally well tolerated, but quality varies and some batches can be contaminated with heavy metals or toxins. It can also trigger allergic reactions in rare cases, including severe ones.
Can I take this with my blood thinner?
Not without checking first. High doses of beta-carotene theoretically increase bleeding risk with blood thinners like warfarin, and spirulina has anticoagulant effects too. Talk to your pharmacist or doctor before adding this supplement to your regimen.
What side effects should I watch for?
Most people tolerate this well at normal doses. Watch for signs of excess vitamin A: dry, itchy, or peeling skin, hair loss, brittle nails, fatigue, or headache. Spirulina can cause bloating, nausea, or diarrhea in some people. Annatto and spirulina can rarely trigger allergic reactions. If you notice anything unusual, stop and call your pharmacist.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Beta Carotene 25,000 IU is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Beta Carotene 25,000 IU label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Beta Carotene 25,000 IU’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin A

Interacts with 387 drugs

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplements are mainly useful for correcting a tr...

Read the full Vitamin A monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Annatto

Interacts with 86 drugs

Annatto is a plant-based coloring made from the seeds of the achiote tree and is widely used as a safe food dye. While it has a long history in traditional medicine and contains antioxidant...

Read the full Annatto monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Carrot

Carrot is a common food vegetable that is a rich source of beta-carotene (which the body turns into vitamin A) and other nutrients. Eating carrots is safe and nutritious for most people, but...

Read the full Carrot monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lemongrass

Interacts with 708 drugs

Lemongrass is a fragrant tropical grass widely used as a cooking herb, a tea, and an aromatherapy oil. It is generally considered safe in the small amounts used in food, but most of its clai...

Read the full Lemongrass monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Blue-green Algae

Interacts with 327 drugs

Blue-green algae are nutrient-rich aquatic microorganisms (such as spirulina and Klamath Lake algae) taken as a supplement for energy, nutrition, and general wellness. Evidence for most heal...

Read the full Blue-green Algae monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Beta Carotene 25,000 IU's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 90 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Vitamin A 31 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Griffiths JK. The vitamin A paradox. J Pediatr 2000;137:604-7.. PubMed
  3. Hardman JG, Limbird LL, Molinoff PB, eds. Goodman and Gillman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996.
  4. Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
  5. FDA Talk Paper. Vitamin A and birth defects (T95-56). Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. October 6, 1995.
  6. Russell RM. The vitamin A spectrum: from deficiency to toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:878-84. PubMed
  7. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  8. Feskanich D, Singh V, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Vitamin A intake and hip fractures among postmenopausal women. JAMA 2002;287:47-54. PubMed
  9. Melhus H, Michaelsson K, Kindmark A, et al. Excessive dietary intake of vitamin A is associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased risk for hip fracture. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:770-8. PubMed
  10. Michaelsson K, Lithell H, Vessby B, Melhus H. Serum retinol levels and the risk of fracture. N Engl J Med 2003;348:287-94.. PubMed
  11. Botterweck AA, van den Brandt PA, Goldbohm RA. Vitamins, carotenoids, dietary fiber, and the risk of gastric carcinoma: results from a prospective study after 6.3 years of follow-up. Cancer 2000;88:737-48.. DOI
  12. Meyskens FL Jr, Graham V, Chvapil M, et al. A phase I trial of beta-all-trans-retinoic acid delivered via a collagen sponge and a cervical cap for mild or moderate intraepithelial cervical neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst 1983;71:921-5..
  13. Hathcock JN, Hattan DG, Jenkins MY, et al. Evaluation of vitamin A toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:183-202.. PubMed
  14. Walters BN, Gubbay SS. Tetracycline and benign intracranial hypertension: report of five cases. Br Med J 1981;282:19-20.. PubMed
  15. Pearson MG, Littlewood SM, Bowden AN. Tetracycline and benign intracranial hypertension (letter). Br Med J 1981;282:568-9.. PubMed
  16. Azais-Braesco V, Pascal G. Vitamin A in pregnancy: requirements and safety limits. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1325S-33S. PubMed
  17. Smedts HP, de Vries JH, Rakhshandehroo M, et al. High maternal vitamin E intake by diet or supplements is associated with congenital heart defects in the offspring. BJOG 2009;116:416-23. PubMed
  18. Grotto, I., Mimouni, M., Gdalevich, M., and Mimouni, D. Vitamin A supplementation and childhood morbidity from diarrhea and respiratory infections: a meta-analysis. J Pediatr 2003;142(3):297-304. PubMed
  19. Mahalanabis, D., Lahiri, M., Paul, D., Gupta, S., Gupta, A., Wahed, M. A., and Khaled, M. A. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of treatment with zinc or vitamin A in infants and young children with severe acute l
  20. Long, K. Z., Montoya, Y., Hertzmark, E., Santos, J. I., and Rosado, J. L. A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial of the effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on diarrheal disease and respiratory tract infections in children in Mexico City, Mex
  21. Fritz, H., Kennedy, D., Fergusson, D., Fernandes, R., Doucette, S., Cooley, K., Seely, A., Sagar, S., Wong, R., and Seely, D. Vitamin A and retinoid derivatives for lung cancer: a systematic review and meta analysis. PLoS.One. 2011;6(6):e21107. PubMed
  22. Mayo-Wilson, E., Imdad, A., Herzer, K., Yakoob, M. Y., and Bhutta, Z. A. Vitamin A supplements for preventing mortality, illness, and blindness in children aged under 5: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2011;343:d5094. PubMed
  23. Mazumder S, Taneja S, Bhatia K, Yoshida S, Kaur J, Dube B, Toteja GS, Bahl R, Fontaine O, Martines J, Bhandari N; Neovita India Study Group. Efficacy of early neonatal supplementation with vitamin A to reduce mortality in infancy in Haryana, India (Neovit
  24. Baineni R, Gulati R, Delhi CK. Vitamin A toxicity presenting as bone pain. Arch Dis Child. 2017;102(6):556-8. PubMed
  25. Darlow BA, Graham PJ, Rojas-Reyes MX. Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short- and long-term morbidity in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(8):CD000501. PubMed
  26. Haider BA, Sharma R, Bhutta ZA. Neonatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in term neonates in low and middle income countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;2:CD006980. PubMed
  27. Mohammad YM, Raslan IR, Al-Hussain FA. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Induced by Topical Application of Vitamin A. J Neuroophthalmol. 2016;36(4):412-3. PubMed
  28. Masnadi Shirazi K, Nikniaz Z, Masnadi Shirazi A, Rohani M. Vitamin A supplementation decreases disease activity index in patients with ulcerative colitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2018 Dec;41:215-219. PubMed
  29. Ding Y, Hu P, Yang Y, et al. Impact of maternal daily oral low-dose vitamin A supplementation on the mother-infant pair: a randomised placebo-controlled trial in China. Nutrients 2021;13(7):2370. PubMed
  30. Knapik JJ, Hoedebecke SS. Vitamin A and bone fractures: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Spec Oper Med 2021;21(2):100-7. PubMed
  31. Imdad A, Mayo-Wilson E, Haykal MR, et al. Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022;3(3):CD008524. PubMed

See these in context on the Vitamin A monograph →

Zeaxanthin 4 references
  1. Montonen J, Knekt P, Jarvinen R, Reunanen A. Dietary antioxidant intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:362-6. PubMed
  2. Leermakers ET, Darweesh SK, Baena CP, et al. The effects of lutein on cardiometabolic health across the life course: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2016;103(2):481-94. PubMed
  3. Kou L, Du M, Zhang C, Dai Z, Li X, Zhang B. The Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic, and Anti-Diabetic Nephritic Activities of Zeaxanthin in Diet-Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017;182(3):944-955. PubMed
  4. Xu X, Zhao X, Berde Y, Low YL, Kuchan MJ. Milk and Plasma Lutein and Zeaxanthin Concentrations in Chinese Breast-Feeding Mother-Infant Dyads With Healthy Maternal Fruit and Vegetable Intake. J Am Coll Nutr 2019;38(2):179-184. PubMed

See these in context on the Zeaxanthin monograph →

Lutein 2 references
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Annatto 15 references
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Carrot 14 references
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See these in context on the Carrot monograph →

Lemongrass 2 references
  1. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
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Blue-green Algae 22 references
  1. Jensen GS, Ginsberg DJ, Huerta P, et al. Consumption of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae has rapid effects on the circulation and function of immune cells in humans. A novel approach to nutritional mobilization of the immune system. JANA 2000;2:50-6.
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  12. Konno, T., Umeda, Y., Umeda, M., Kawachi, I., Oyake, M., and Fujita, N. [A case of inflammatory myopathy with widely skin rash following use of supplements containing Spirulina]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2011;51(5):330-333. PubMed
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  17. Majdoub H, Ben Mansour M, Chaubet F, et al. Anticoagulant activity of a sulfated polysaccharide from the green alga Arthrospira platensis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009;1790(10):1377-81. PubMed
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  19. Jensen GS, Drapeau C, Lenninger M, Benson KF. Clinical safety of a high dose of phycocyanin-enriched aqueous extract from Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis: results from a randomized, double-Blind, placebo-controlled study with a focus on anticoagulant ac
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  21. Moradi S, Zobeiri M, Feizi A, Clark CCT, Entezari MH. The effects of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) supplementation on anthropometric indices, blood pressure, sleep quality, mental health, fatigue status and quality of life in patients with ulcerative
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See these in context on the Blue-green Algae monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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