Biotone EFA Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Genestra Brands
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Biotone EFA against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Biotone EFA is a dietary supplement by Genestra Brands with 8 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for general antioxidant support, skin and hair care, heart health.Based on those ingredients, 988 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Vitamin E, Flaxseed Oil, Policosanol. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Biotone EFA by Genestra Brands
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Biotone EFA by Genestra Brands — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Biotone EFA by Genestra Brands
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
Biotone EFA contains 9 ingredients, including three forms of vitamin E (gamma-tocopherol, vitamin E, and delta-tocopherol) plus safflower seed oil, flaxseed oil, soy lecithin, policosanol, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and free plant sterols. These are all active ingredients intended to supply essential fatty acids (EFAs) and fat-soluble vitamins.
The product also contains inactive ingredients: a capsule shell and silica (a flow agent).
Does it work?
Strong evidence
For vitamin E, the data shows it is effective for treating vitamin E deficiency itself and ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (a rare neurological condition). It's rated possibly effective for Alzheimer disease, beta-thalassemia, G6PD deficiency, and intracranial hemorrhage.
For policosanol, there is likely effective evidence for intermittent claudication (leg pain on walking), though evidence for coronary heart disease and familial high cholesterol is insufficient. Soy lecithin is rated likely ineffective for Alzheimer disease, and evidence for its other proposed uses—cognitive decline, anxiety, bipolar disorder—is insufficient or not established.
For safflower oil and the other fatty acids in this blend, the evidence is insufficient to establish effectiveness for their labeled uses.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Vitamin E is generally well tolerated at usual dietary amounts, but high-dose long-term supplements may raise the risk of bleeding and other harms. Serious rare adverse effects include bleeding, hemorrhagic stroke (a stroke caused by bleeding into the brain), and cardiovascular complications.
There is a particular concern about hemorrhagic stroke in male smokers taking synthetic vitamin E long-term, though other studies show mixed results. Safflower oil in food amounts is well tolerated, but high-dose supplements and concentrated extracts have less safety data and have been associated with rare cases of liver failure, typically when overused for weight loss.
Soy lecithin is well tolerated and may cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, or nausea in some people; avoid it if you have egg or soy allergies. Policosanol is usually well tolerated but may cause headache, dizziness, insomnia, upset stomach, or rash, though these are uncommon.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before starting Biotone EFA, check with your pharmacist if you take blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (including warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel), chemotherapy drugs, diabetes medications, beta-blockers or other blood pressure drugs, cyclosporine (an immunosuppressant), niacin (nicotinic acid), nitroprusside, or any medications processed by your liver's CYP3A4 enzyme. The most serious risk is increased bleeding, particularly if you're on warfarin or similar medications at doses over 400 IU daily of vitamin E.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This product may be worth considering if you're looking for essential fatty acid supplementation, but it's not right for everyone. If you take any blood thinners (warfarin, other anticoagulants, or antiplatelet drugs), diabetes medications, beta-blockers, blood pressure medications, or chemotherapy drugs, talk to your pharmacist before using it.
The vitamin E content poses real risks at higher doses, particularly for bleeding.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 6 of 9 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 23, 2020.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Biotone EFA, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Genestra Brands |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 883196129904 |
| Net contents | 100 Softgel Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Jul 23, 2020 |
| DSLD ID | 230744 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Biotone EFA by Genestra Brands, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Calories | 15 Calorie(s) | -- |
| Protein | 1 Gram(s) | 1% |
| Total Fat | 1 Gram(s) | 2% |
| Gamma-Tocopherol | 6.8 mg | -- |
| Linoleic Acid | 696 mg | -- |
| Alpha-Linolenic Acid | 72 mg | -- |
| Vitamin E | 3.35 mg | 22% |
| Delta-Tocopherol | 1960 mcg | -- |
| Safflower seed Oil | 1020 mg | -- |
| Flaxseed Oil | 144 mg | -- |
| free Plant Sterols | 448 mg | -- |
| Soy Lecithin | 80 mg | -- |
| Policosanol | 10 mg | -- |
| Mixed Tocopherol concentrate | 16 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Capsule, Silica
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Recommended Dose: Take 4 capsules 2 times daily with meals or as recommended by your health professional.
Precautions
Warning: If you are pregnant or lactating, have any health condition or are taking any medication, consult your health professional before use.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Use only if safety seal is intact.
Contains: Soy
FDA Disclaimer Statement
This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
General Statements
Contents may not fill package in order to accommodate required labeling. Please rely on stated quantity. Scan to learn about our quality excellence
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Formulation
Supports healthy blood lipids and cardiovascular function
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Biotone EFA by Genestra Brands label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Biotone EFA by Genestra Brands
These are the 8 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size4 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container25 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Protein
Vitamin E
Interacts with764 drugs
Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that most people get in adequate amounts from a normal diet. Supplements can help correc...
Vitamin E monograph & interactionsSafflower seed Oil
Interacts with208 drugs
Safflower is a thistle-like plant used mainly for its seed oil (a common cooking oil) and its colorful flowers. Safflower oil is a reasonable source o...
Safflower seed Oil monograph & interactionsFlaxseed Oil
Interacts with293 drugs
Flaxseed oil is a plant-based source of the omega-3 fatty acid ALA, which the body can partly convert to the omega-3s found in fish oil. It may help s...
Flaxseed Oil monograph & interactions- › Linoleic Acid
- › Alpha-Linolenic Acid
Free Plant Sterols
Soy Lecithin
No knowninteractions
Lecithin is a natural fatty substance found in foods and made by the body that is widely used as a supplement and food emulsifier. Evidence supporting...
Soy Lecithin monograph & interactionsPolicosanol
Interacts with242 drugs
Policosanol is a mix of waxy alcohols (mostly octacosanol) made from sugar cane or other plant waxes, and it is often marketed as a natural way to low...
Policosanol monograph & interactionsMixed Tocopherol concentrate
Interacts with764 drugs
Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that most people get in adequate amounts from a normal diet. Supplements can help correc...
Mixed Tocopherol concentrate monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Capsule, Silica. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Biotone EFA by Genestra Brands Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Biotone EFA by Genestra Brands contains several ingredients with documented interactions with medications.
The vitamin E components (gamma-tocopherol, vitamin E, and delta-tocopherol) pose the most serious concerns. They may increase the risk of bleeding when combined with blood thinners (anticoagulants) or antiplatelet drugs, and this risk appears dose-dependent—particularly concerning at higher doses (over 400 IU daily with warfarin).
Vitamin E may also interfere with certain chemotherapy drugs by reducing their effectiveness, including alkylating agents and antitumor antibiotics like doxorubicin. Additionally, these vitamin E forms may speed up how your liver clears certain medications (CYP3A4 substrates), potentially making them less effective, and could increase blood levels of cyclosporine in some cases.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Safflower seed oil and policosanol add further interactions. Safflower oil at higher doses may increase bleeding risk with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs, and may alter blood sugar control in patients taking diabetes medications.
Policosanol can lower blood pressure additively with beta-blockers and blood pressure medications, may increase bleeding risk with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs, and may lower blood sugar, creating a risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) when combined with diabetes drugs.
We could not check linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, free plant sterols, or the flaxseed oil blend, as we hold no interaction data for them. Soy lecithin was checked and shows no interactions documented in our data.
Altogether, these interactions span 867 individual medications.
Use the medication checker below to verify your exact prescriptions before starting this product.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Biotone EFA?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Biotone EFA interact with 988 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
4 of the 8 ingredients in Biotone EFA interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Vitamin E Flaxseed Oil Policosanol Safflower seed Oil
Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Magnesium HydroxideAscriptin
How Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Magnesium Hydroxide interacts with Biotone EFA — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PolicosanolAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking policosanol with other antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full Policosanol + Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Magnesium Hydroxide interactionFlaxseed OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using flaxseed oil in combination with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Magnesium Hydroxide interactionMixed Tocopherol ConcentrateAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Magnesium Hydroxide interactionSafflower Seed OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of safflower oil might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Safflower Seed Oil + Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Magnesium Hydroxide interactionAmbrisentanLetairis, Volibris
How Ambrisentan interacts with Biotone EFA — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Mixed Tocopherol ConcentrateCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Ambrisentan interactionFlaxseed OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining flaxseed oil with other antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Ambrisentan interactionAmilorideAmilamont, Midamor
How Amiloride interacts with Biotone EFA — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Flaxseed OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining flaxseed oil with other antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Amiloride interactionAmiloride, HydrochlorothiazideAmil-Co, Amilzide, Moduret 25, Moduretic
How Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Biotone EFA — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Flaxseed OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining flaxseed oil with other antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionAmiodaroneCordarone, Pacerone
How Amiodarone interacts with Biotone EFA — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Mixed Tocopherol ConcentrateCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Amiodarone interactionAmitriptylineElavil
How Amitriptyline interacts with Biotone EFA — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Mixed Tocopherol ConcentrateCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Amitriptyline interactionAmitriptyline, ChlordiazepoxideLimbitrol DS
How Amitriptyline, Chlordiazepoxide interacts with Biotone EFA — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Mixed Tocopherol ConcentrateCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Amitriptyline, Chlordiazepoxide interactionAmitriptyline, PerphenazineEtrafon, Etrafon-A, Etrafon-Forte, Triavil
How Amitriptyline, Perphenazine interacts with Biotone EFA — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Mixed Tocopherol ConcentrateCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Amitriptyline, Perphenazine interactionAmlodipineNorliqva
How Amlodipine interacts with Biotone EFA — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Mixed Tocopherol ConcentrateCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Amlodipine interactionFlaxseed OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining flaxseed oil with other antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Amlodipine interactionAmlodipine BenzoateKaterzia
How Amlodipine Benzoate interacts with Biotone EFA — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Flaxseed OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining flaxseed oil with other antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Amlodipine Benzoate interactionMixed Tocopherol ConcentrateCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Amlodipine Benzoate interactionAmlodipine BesilateIstin
How Amlodipine Besilate interacts with Biotone EFA — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Flaxseed OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining flaxseed oil with other antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Amlodipine Besilate interactionMixed Tocopherol ConcentrateCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Amlodipine Besilate interactionAmlodipine BesylateNorvasc
How Amlodipine Besylate interacts with Biotone EFA — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Mixed Tocopherol ConcentrateCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Amlodipine Besylate interactionFlaxseed OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining flaxseed oil with other antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Amlodipine Besylate interactionAmlodipine Besylate, BenazeprilLotrel
How Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interacts with Biotone EFA — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Flaxseed OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining flaxseed oil with other antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interactionMixed Tocopherol ConcentrateCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interactionAmlodipine, CelecoxibConsensi
How Amlodipine, Celecoxib interacts with Biotone EFA — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Flaxseed OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining flaxseed oil with other antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Amlodipine, Celecoxib interactionMixed Tocopherol ConcentrateCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Amlodipine, Celecoxib interactionAmmonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride
How Ammonium Chloride interacts with Biotone EFA — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Flaxseed OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining flaxseed oil with other antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Ammonium Chloride interactionAmoxicillin, Omeprazole Magnesium, RifabutinTalicia
How Amoxicillin, Omeprazole Magnesium, Rifabutin interacts with Biotone EFA — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Mixed Tocopherol ConcentrateCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Amoxicillin, Omeprazole Magnesium, Rifabutin interactionAmprenavirAgenerase
How Amprenavir interacts with Biotone EFA — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Mixed Tocopherol ConcentrateCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Amprenavir interactionAnacaulase-bcdbNexoBrid
How Anacaulase-bcdb interacts with Biotone EFA — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Mixed Tocopherol ConcentrateAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Anacaulase-bcdb interactionSafflower Seed OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of safflower oil might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Safflower Seed Oil + Anacaulase-bcdb interactionPolicosanolAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking policosanol with other antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full Policosanol + Anacaulase-bcdb interactionFlaxseed OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using flaxseed oil in combination with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Anacaulase-bcdb interactionAnagrelideAgrylin
How Anagrelide interacts with Biotone EFA — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Flaxseed OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using flaxseed oil in combination with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Anagrelide interactionPolicosanolAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking policosanol with other antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full Policosanol + Anagrelide interactionMixed Tocopherol ConcentrateAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Anagrelide interactionSafflower Seed OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of safflower oil might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Safflower Seed Oil + Anagrelide interactionAnisindioneMiradon
How Anisindione interacts with Biotone EFA — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Safflower Seed OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of safflower oil might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Safflower Seed Oil + Anisindione interactionMixed Tocopherol ConcentrateAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Anisindione interactionFlaxseed OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using flaxseed oil in combination with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Anisindione interactionPolicosanolAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking policosanol with other antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full Policosanol + Anisindione interactionAntidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) InhibitorGlyxambi
How Antidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) Inhibitor interacts with Biotone EFA — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Safflower Seed OilAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, safflower oil might alter the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Safflower Seed Oil + Antidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) Inhibitor interactionPolicosanolAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, policosanol might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Policosanol + Antidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) Inhibitor interactionAntithrombin IiiThrombate III
How Antithrombin Iii interacts with Biotone EFA — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PolicosanolAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking policosanol with other antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full Policosanol + Antithrombin Iii interactionSafflower Seed OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of safflower oil might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Safflower Seed Oil + Antithrombin Iii interactionFlaxseed OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using flaxseed oil in combination with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Antithrombin Iii interactionMixed Tocopherol ConcentrateAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Antithrombin Iii interactionApalutamideErleada
How Apalutamide interacts with Biotone EFA — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Mixed Tocopherol ConcentrateCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Apalutamide interactionApixabanEliquis
How Apixaban interacts with Biotone EFA — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PolicosanolAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking policosanol with other antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full Policosanol + Apixaban interactionMixed Tocopherol ConcentrateCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Apixaban interactionSafflower Seed OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of safflower oil might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Safflower Seed Oil + Apixaban interactionFlaxseed OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using flaxseed oil in combination with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Apixaban interactionApremilastOtezla
How Apremilast interacts with Biotone EFA — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Mixed Tocopherol ConcentrateCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Apremilast interactionAprepitantCinvanti, Emend
How Aprepitant interacts with Biotone EFA — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Mixed Tocopherol ConcentrateCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Aprepitant interactionAprocitentanTryvio
How Aprocitentan interacts with Biotone EFA — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Flaxseed OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining flaxseed oil with other antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Aprocitentan interactionArgatrobanArgatroban
How Argatroban interacts with Biotone EFA — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Flaxseed OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using flaxseed oil in combination with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Argatroban interactionPolicosanolAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking policosanol with other antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full Policosanol + Argatroban interactionSafflower Seed OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of safflower oil might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Safflower Seed Oil + Argatroban interactionMixed Tocopherol ConcentrateAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Argatroban interactionAripiprazoleAbilify, Abilify Maintena, Abilify Mycite
How Aripiprazole interacts with Biotone EFA — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Mixed Tocopherol ConcentrateCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Aripiprazole interactionAripiprazole LauroxilAristada, Aristada Initio Kit
How Aripiprazole Lauroxil interacts with Biotone EFA — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Mixed Tocopherol ConcentrateCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate + Aripiprazole Lauroxil interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Biotone EFA with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Vitamin E
Alkylating Agents
Theoretically, antioxidant effects of vitamin E might reduce the effectiveness of alkylating agents.
There's concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs which generate free radicals, such as cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, carmustine, busulfan, and thiotepa. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin E have on chemotherapy. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using vitamin E supplements, especially in high doses.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Vitamin E seems to inhibit of platelet aggregation and antagonize the effects of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. These effects appear to be dose-dependent, and are probably only likely to be clinically significant with doses of at least 800 units daily. Mixed tocopherols, such as those found in food, might have a greater antiplatelet effect than alpha-tocopherol. RRR alpha-tocopherol (natural vitamin E) 1000 IU daily antagonizes vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Advise patients to avoid high doses of vitamin E, especially in people with low vitamin K intake or other risk factors for bleeding.
Antitumor Antibiotics
Theoretically, antioxidant effects of vitamin E might reduce the effectiveness of antitumor antibiotics.
There's concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of antitumor antibiotic drugs such as doxorubicin, which generate free radicals. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin E have on chemotherapy involving antitumor antibiotics. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using vitamin E supplements, especially in high doses.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
A specific form of vitamin E might increase absorption and levels of cyclosporine.
There is some evidence that one specific formulation of vitamin E (D-alpha-tocopheryl-polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate, TPGS, tocophersolan, Liqui-E) might increase absorption of cyclosporine. This vitamin E formulation forms micelles which seems to increase absorption of cyclosporine by 40% to 72% in some patients. However, this interaction is unlikely to occur with the usual forms of vitamin E.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Vitamin E appears to bind with the nuclear receptor, pregnane X receptor (PXR), which results in increased expression of CYP3A4. Although the clinical significance of this is not known, use caution when considering concomitant use of vitamin E and other drugs affected by these enzymes.
Selumetinib (Koselugo)
Taking selumetinib with vitamin E can result in a total daily dose of vitamin E that exceeds safe limits and therefore might increase the risk of bleeding.
Selumetinib contains 48-54 IU vitamin E per capsule. The increased risk of bleeding with vitamin E appears to be dose-dependent. Be cautious when using selumetinib in combination with supplemental vitamin E, especially in patients at higher risk of bleed, such as those with chronic conditions and those taking antiplatelet drugs.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Using vitamin E with warfarin might increase the risk of bleeding.
Due to interference with production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, use of more than 400 IU of vitamin E daily with warfarin might increase prothrombin time (PT), INR, and the risk of bleeding,. At a dose of 1000 IU per day, vitamin E can antagonize vitamin K-dependent clotting factors even in people not taking warfarin. Limited clinical evidence suggests that doses up to 1200 IU daily may be used safely by patients taking warfarin, but this may not be applicable in all patient populations.
Niacin
Vitamin E might decrease the beneficial effects of niacin on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.
A combination of niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) effectively raises high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in people with coronary disease and low HDL levels. Clinical research shows that taking a combination of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and selenium) along with niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) attenuates this rise in HDL, specifically the HDL-2 and apolipoprotein A1 fractions, by more than 50%. Vitamin E alone combined with a statin does not seem to decrease HDL levels. It is not known whether the adverse effect on HDL is due to one of the other antioxidants or to the combination. It also is not known whether it will occur in other patient populations.
Flaxseed Oil
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, using flaxseed oil in combination with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Small clinical studies show that consuming flaxseed oil might decrease platelet aggregation and increase bleeding time.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, combining flaxseed oil with other antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Some clinical evidence suggests that long-term consumption of flaxseed oil can modestly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, while other clinical research shows no effect.
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
Concomitant use of flaxseed oil and ezetimibe reduces the absorption of alpha-linolenic acid from flaxseed oil.
In one clinical study, concomitant consumption of ezetimibe 10 mg daily with flaxseed oil 2 grams providing 1 gram of alpha-linolenic acid daily blocked the absorption of alpha-linolenic acid, resulting in an overall reduction in alpha-linolenic plasma levels from baseline.
Policosanol
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, taking policosanol with other antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Some clinical research shows that taking policosanol 10-50 mg daily for 7-15 days can inhibit platelet aggregation in healthy patients. Although, one clinical trial shows that taking policosanol 10 mg twice daily for 2 weeks prior to warfarin dosing does not affect warfarin pharmacokinetics or warfarin response. Furthermore, a study in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with a drug-eluting stent found that taking policosanol 40 mg plus clopidogrel and aspirin daily for 30 days modestly reduced the risk for minor bleeding events when compared with taking clopidogrel and aspirin alone. Until more is known, use with caution.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, policosanol might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research shows that policosanol can lower blood glucose levels.
Beta-Blockers
Concomitant use of policosanol with beta-blockers can cause additive blood pressure-lowering effects.
Clinical research shows that policosanol 5 mg daily can have additive blood pressure-lowering effects in patients with hypertension who are taking beta-blockers. Also, animal research shows that policosanol can increase the blood-pressure lowering effects of propranolol.
Nitroprusside (Nitropress)
Theoretically, concomitant use of policosanol with nitroprusside might cause additive blood pressure-lowering effects.
Animal research shows that taking policosanol along with nitroprusside can increase the blood pressure-lowering effects of nitroprusside.
Propranolol (Inderal)
Animal research shows that taking policosanol along with propranolol can increase the blood pressure-lowering effects of propranolol.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, taking policosanol with warfarin might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Some clinical research shows that taking policosanol 10-50 mg daily for 7-15 days can inhibit platelet aggregation in healthy patients. However, one clinical trial shows that taking policosanol 10 mg twice daily for 2 weeks prior to warfarin dosing does not affect warfarin pharmacokinetics or warfarin response.
Safflower seed Oil
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
High doses of safflower oil might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Small clinical studies show that taking safflower oil, approximately 55 grams daily for 2-3 weeks, decreases platelet aggregation. However, taking lower doses of safflower oil, such as 5 grams daily for 4 weeks, does not seem to affect platelet function. In one case report, a 74-year-old male stabilized on warfarin developed urinary tract bleeding and an elevated INR after taking a safflower extract 20 grams daily for 14 days.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, safflower oil might alter the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Some clinical research shows that taking safflower oil 10 grams daily for 3 weeks can increase fasting blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, clinical research in patients with metabolic syndrome with or without impaired glucose tolerance shows that taking safflower oil 8 grams daily for 12 weeks reduces fasting glucose levels by around 8 mg/dL. Some clinical research also shows that taking safflower oil 8 grams daily for 16 weeks does not affect fasting glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Warfarin
Theoretically, safflower oil might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin.
In one case report, a 74-year-old male stabilized on warfarin developed urinary tract bleeding and an elevated INR after taking a safflower extract 20 grams daily for 14 days.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Biotone EFA, from the product label.
Genestra Brands
- Name
- Seroyal USA
- City
- Pittsburgh
- State
- PA
- ZipCode
- 15275
- Phone Number
- 1-888-737-6925
- Web Address
- seroyal.com
Biotone EFA by Genestra Brands: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Biotone EFA is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Biotone EFA’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Vitamin E
Interacts with 764 drugsVitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that most people get in adequate amounts from a normal diet. Supplements can help correct a true deficiency, but high-dose vitam...
Read the full Vitamin E monograph → Herb & supplement monographSafflower
Interacts with 208 drugsSafflower is a thistle-like plant used mainly for its seed oil (a common cooking oil) and its colorful flowers. Safflower oil is a reasonable source of unsaturated fats, but strong proof tha...
Read the full Safflower monograph → Herb & supplement monographFlaxseed Oil
Interacts with 293 drugsFlaxseed oil is a plant-based source of the omega-3 fatty acid ALA, which the body can partly convert to the omega-3s found in fish oil. It may help support heart health and provide healthy...
Read the full Flaxseed Oil monograph → Herb & supplement monographLecithin
Lecithin is a natural fatty substance found in foods and made by the body that is widely used as a supplement and food emulsifier. Evidence supporting most of its health claims is limited, t...
Read the full Lecithin monograph → Herb & supplement monographPolicosanol
Interacts with 242 drugsPolicosanol is a mix of waxy alcohols (mostly octacosanol) made from sugar cane or other plant waxes, and it is often marketed as a natural way to lower cholesterol. Early studies from Cuba...
Read the full Policosanol monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Biotone EFA's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 123 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Vitamin E 64 references
- Kim JM, White RH. Effect of vitamin E on the anticoagulant response to warfarin. Am J Cardiol 1996;77:545-6. PubMed
- Corrigan JJ Jr. The effect of vitamin E on warfarin-induced vitamin K deficiency. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1982;393:361-8. PubMed
- Corrigan JJ Jr. Coagulation problems relating to vitamin E. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1979;1:169-73.
- Corrigan JJ Jr, Marcus FI. Coagulopathy associated with vitamin E ingestion. JAMA 1974;230:1300-1. DOI
- Labriola D, Livingston R. Possible interactions between dietary antioxidants and chemotherapy. Oncology 1999;13:1003-8.
- Chang T, Benet LZ, Hebert MF. The effect of water-soluble vitamin E on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996;59:297-303. PubMed
- Pan SH, Lopez RR Jr, Sher LS, et al. Enhanced oral cyclosporine absorption with water-soluble vitamin E early after liver transplantation. Pharmacother 1996;16:59-65. DOI
- Anon. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Soprawivenza nell'Infarto miocardico. Lancet 1999;354:447-55. DOI
- Chappell LC, Seed PT, Briley AL, et al. Effect of antioxidants on the occurrence of pre-eclampsia in women at increased risk: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999;354:810-6. DOI
- Yusuf S, Dagenais G, Pogue J, et al. Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The heart outcomes prevention evaluation study investigators. N Engl J Med 2000;342:154-60. PubMed
- Stephens NG, Parsons A, Schofield PM, et al. Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study. Lancet 1996;347:781-6.
- The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1029-35. PubMed
- Takahashi O. Haemorrhagic toxicity of a large dose of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols, ubiquinone, beta-carotene, retinol acetate and L-ascorbic acid in the rat. Food Chem Toxicol 1995;33:121-8.
- Briggs GB, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998.
- Sano M, Ernesto C, Thomas RG, et al. A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1216-22. PubMed
- Liede KE, Haukka JK, Saxen LM, Heinonen OP. Increased tendency towards gingival bleeding caused by joint effect of alpha-tocopherol supplementation and acetylsalicylic acid. Ann Med 1998;30:542-6.
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/books/0309069351/html/.
- Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1583-93. DOI
- Liu M, Wallmon A, Olsson-Mortlock C, et al. Mixed tocopherols inhibit platelet aggregation in humans: potential mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:700-6. PubMed
- Sokol RJ, Johnson KE, Karrer FM, et al. Improvement of cyclosporin absorption in children after liver transplantation by means of water-soluble vitamin E. Lancet 1991;338:212-4.. PubMed
- Stein JH, Carlsson CM, Papcke-Benson K, et al. The effects of lipid-lowering and antioxidant vitamin therapies on flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery in older adults with hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:1806-13.. PubMed
- Carlsson CM, Papcke-Benson K, Carnes M, et al. Health-related quality of life and long-term therapy with pravastatin and tocopherol (vitamin E) in older adults. Drugs Aging 2002;19:793-805. . PubMed
- Cheung MC, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Antioxidant supplements block the response of HDL to simvastatin-niacin therapy in patients with coronary artery disease and low HDL. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001;21:1320-6. PubMed
- Schrogie JJ. Coagulopathy and fat-soluble vitamins (letter). JAMA 1975;232:19. DOI
- Celestini A, Pulcinelli FM, Pignatelli P, et al. Vitamin E potentiates the antiplatelet activity of aspirin in collagen-stimulated platelets. Haematologica 2002;87:420-6.
- Stampfer MJ, Jakubowski JA, Faigel D, et al. Vitamin E supplementation effect on human platelet function, arachidonic acid metabolism, and plasma prostacyclin levels. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;47:700-6. PubMed
- Jandak J, Steiner M, Richardson PD. Alpha-tocopherol, an effective inhibitor of platelet adhesion. Blood 1989;73:141-9. DOI
- Freedman JE, Farhat JH, Loscalzo J, Keaney JF. Alpha-tocopherol inhibits aggregation of human platelets by a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism. Circulation 1996;94:2434-40. PubMed
- Steiner M. Vitamin E, a modifier of platelet function: rationale and use in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Nutr Rev 1999;57:306-9. PubMed
- Brodkin RH, Bleiberg J. Sensitivity to topically applied vitamin E. Arch Dermatol 1965;92:76-7. DOI
- Booth SL, Golly I, Sacheck JM, et al. Effect of vitamin E supplementation on vitamin K status in adults with normal coagulation status. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:143-8. PubMed
- Miller ER 3rd, Pastor-Barriuso R, Dalal D, et al. Meta-analysis: High-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Ann Intern Med 2005;142:60520-53. PubMed
- Lonn E, Bosch J, Yusuf S, et al. HOPE and HOPE-TOO Trial Investigators. Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular events and cancer: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005;293:1338-47. PubMed
- Landes N, Pfluger P, Kluth D, et al. Vitamin E activates gene expression via the pregnane X receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2003;65:269-73. . PubMed
- Brigelius-Flohe R. Vitamin E and drug metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003;305:737-40. PubMed
- Prasad KN. Rationale for using high-dose multiple dietary antioxidants as an adjunct to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. J Nutr 2004;134:3182S-3S. PubMed
- Conklin KA. Cancer chemotherapy and antioxidants. J Nutr 2004;134:3201S-3204S. PubMed
- Schurks M, Glynn RJ, Rist PM, et al. Effects of vitamin E on stroke subtypes: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMJ 2010;341: c5702. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c5702.
- Lawson KA, Wright ME, Subar A, et al. Multivitamin use and risk of prostate cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:754-64. PubMed
- Gaziano JM, Glynn RJ, Christen WG, et al. Vitamins E and C in the prevention of prostate total cancer in men: the physicians' health study II randomised controlled trial. JAMA 2009;301:52-62.
- Hayden KM, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Wengreen HJ, et al; Cache County Investigators. Risk of mortality with vitamin E supplements: the Cache County study. Am L Med 2007;120:180-4. PubMed
- Smedts HP, de Vries JH, Rakhshandehroo M, et al. High maternal vitamin E intake by diet or supplements is associated with congenital heart defects in the offspring. BJOG 2009;116:416-23. PubMed
- Klein EA, Thompson IM Jr, Tangen CM, et al. Vitamin E and the risk of prostate cancer: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). JAMA 2011;306:1549-56. PubMed
- Huang, H. Y., Caballero, B., Chang, S., Alberg, A. J., Semba, R. D., Schneyer, C. R., Wilson, R. F., Cheng, T. Y., Vassy, J., Prokopowicz, G., Barnes, G. J., and Bass, E. B. The efficacy and safety of multivitamin and mineral supplement use to prevent ca
- Sesso, H. D., Buring, J. E., Christen, W. G., Kurth, T., Belanger, C., MacFadyen, J., Bubes, V., Manson, J. E., Glynn, R. J., and Gaziano, J. M. Vitamins E and C in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in men: the Physicians' Health Study II randomiz
- Papaioannou, D., Cooper, K. L., Carroll, C., Hind, D., Squires, H., Tappenden, P., and Logan, R. F. Antioxidants in the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer and colorectal adenomas in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorec PubMed
- Cooper, K., Squires, H., Carroll, C., Papaioannou, D., Booth, A., Logan, R. F., Maguire, C., Hind, D., and Tappenden, P. Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol.Assess. 2010;14(32):1-206. PubMed
- Mathew, M. C., Ervin, A. M., Tao, J., and Davis, R. M. Antioxidant vitamin supplementation for preventing and slowing the progression of age-related cataract. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;6:CD004567. PubMed
- Rahimi, R., Nikfar, S., Rezaie, A., and Abdollahi, M. A meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of combined vitamin C and E supplementation in preeclamptic women. Hypertens.Pregnancy. 2009;28(4):417-434. PubMed
- Soares, K. V. and McGrath, J. J. Vitamin E for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2001;(4):CD000209. DOI
- Roed-Petersen, J. and Hjorth, N. Contact dermatitis from antioxidants. Br.J.Dermatol. 1976;94(3):233-241. PubMed
- Brion, L. P., Bell, E. F., Raghuveer, T. S., and Soghier, L. What is the appropriate intravenous dose of vitamin E for very-low-birth-weight infants? J.Perinatol. 2004;24(4):205-207. PubMed
- Manny, T., Pettus, J., Hemal, A., Marks, M., and Mirzazadeh, M. Penile sclerosing lipogranulomas and disfigurement from use of "1Super Extenze" among Laotian immigrants. J.Sex Med. 2011;8(12):3505-3510. PubMed
- Musso, G., Cassader, M., Rosina, F., and Gambino, R. Impact of current treatments on liver disease, glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Diabe PubMed
- Bell, E. F. Upper limit of vitamin E in infant formulas. J.Nutr. 1989;119(12 Suppl):1829-1831. PubMed
- Manzano, D., Aguirre, A., Gardeazabal, J., Eizaguirre, X., and Diaz Perez, J. L. Allergic contact dermatitis from tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E) and retinol palmitate (vitamin A) in a moisturizing cream. Contact Dermatitis 1994;31(5):324.
- Barak, Y., Swartz, M., Shamir, E., Stein, D., and Weizman, A. Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: a statistical meta-analysis. Ann.Clin.Psychiatry 1998;10(3):101-105.
- Chae CU, Albert CM, Moorthy MV, et al. Vitamin E supplementation and the risk of heart failure in women. Circ Heart Fail. 2012;5(2):176-82. PubMed
- Rumbold A, Ota E, Hori H, Miyazaki C, Crowther CA. Vitamin E supplementation in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(9):CD004069. PubMed
- Prescribing information: KOSELUGO (selumetinib) capsules. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213756s000lbl.pdf.
- Warshaw EM, Ruggiero JL, DeKoven JG, et al. Patch testing with tocopherol and tocopherol acetate: the North American Contact Dermatitis Group experience, 2001 to 2016. Dermatitis. 2021;32(5):308-18. PubMed
- US Preventive Services Task Force, Mangione CM, Barry MJ, et al. Vitamin, Mineral, and Multivitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA 2022;327(23):2326-2333. PubMed
- Abrol R, Kaushik R, Goel D, Sama S, Kaushik RM, Kala M. Vitamin E-induced coagulopathy in a young patient: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023;17(1):107. PubMed
- Abtahi-Naeini B, Rastegarnasab F, Saffaei A. Liquid vitamin E injection for cosmetic facial rejuvenation: A disaster report of lipogranuloma. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022;21(11):5549-5554. PubMed
Safflower 14 references
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Borkman M, Chisholm DJ, Furler SM, et al. Effects of fish oil supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM. Diabetes 1989;38:1314-9.. PubMed
- Amato, P. and Quercia, R. A. A historical perspective and review of the safety of lipid emulsion in pregnancy. Nutr Clin Pract. 1991;6(5):189-192. PubMed
- Demke, D. M., Peters, G. R., Linet, O. I., Metzler, C. M., and Klott, K. A. Effects of a fish oil concentrate in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 1988;70(1-2):73-80. PubMed
- Kaji, K., Yoshida, S., Nagata, N., Yamashita, T., Mizukoshi, E., Honda, M., Kojima, Y., and Kaneko, S. An open-label study of administration of EH0202, a health-food additive, to patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol. 2004;39(9):873-878. PubMed
- Kwon, J. S., Snook, J. T., Wardlaw, G. M., and Hwang, D. H. Effects of diets high in saturated fatty acids, canola oil, or safflower oil on platelet function, thromboxane B2 formation, and fatty acid composition of platelet phospholipids. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. PubMed
- Lloyd-Still, J. D., Simon, S. H., Wessel, H. U., and Gibson, L. E. Negative effects of oral fatty acid supplementation on sweat chloride in cystic fibrosis. Pediatrics 1979;64(1):50-52. DOI
- Challen, A. D., Branch, W. J., and Cummings, J. H. The effect of aspirin and linoleic acid on platelet aggregation, platelet fatty acid composition and haemostasis in man. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 1983;37(3):197-208.
- Asp ML, Collene AL, Norris LE, Cole RM, Stout MB, Tang SY, Hsu JC, Belury MA. Time-dependent effects of safflower oil to improve glycemia, inflammation and blood lipids in obese, post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-masked, cro
- Liu Y, Liu S, Shi Y, et al. Effects of safflower injection on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of warfarin in rats. Xenobiotica. 2017 Oct 25:1-6. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
- de Ataide EC, Reges Perales S, de Oliveira Peres MA, et al. Acute liver failure induced by Carthamus tinctorius oil: Case reports and literature review. Transplant Proc. 2018;50(2):476-477. PubMed
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Flaxseed Oil 21 references
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