Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Bromelain Plus Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Isotonix

Bromelain Plus label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 30, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Bromelain Plus against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Bromelain Plus is a dietary supplement by Isotonix with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for inflammation and swelling, sinus and nasal congestion, digestion support.Based on those ingredients, 208 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Bromelain, White Willow bark extract, Potassium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Bromelain Plus by Isotonix

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Bromelain Plus by Isotonix — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Bromelain Plus by Isotonix

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Bromelain Plus contains four active ingredients. Bromelain is a protein-digesting enzyme from pineapple stem that may help reduce swelling and support tissue healing.

Protease is another protein-digesting enzyme with similar effects. Potassium is an electrolyte your body needs for heart rhythm, muscle function, and nerve signaling.

White willow bark extract contains salicin, a plant compound with aspirin-like properties that may ease pain and inflammation, particularly back pain. The product also contains inactive ingredients—fructose, citric acid, maltodextrin, and other fillers and flavorings.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Supports immune system, joint function, and healing.
  • We looked for evidence on: Allergic rhinitis (hay fever), Ankylosing spondylitis, Aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia, Back pain, Burns, Exercise-induced muscle soreness — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Willow Bark is rated "Possibly Effective" for Back pain (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Bromelain is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Allergic rhinitis (hay fever), Burns, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Knee pain, and more.
  • Also on file: Willow Bark is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Headache.

The evidence supporting Bromelain Plus is mixed. White willow bark is possibly effective for back pain, but for bromelain itself—the main ingredient—the data we hold shows insufficient reliable evidence for allergic rhinitis, burns, cancer, chemotherapy nerve damage, chronic venous insufficiency, and diabetes.

For the other ingredients in this product, effectiveness ratings are not established in our data. If you're considering this product for a specific condition, talk with your pharmacist about what the research actually shows for your situation.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Bromelain Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) Potassium Willow Bark

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Bromelain and white willow bark are generally well tolerated short-term in healthy adults, but long-term safety data is limited. The most common side effects are digestive—diarrhea, flatulence, stomach upset, nausea, and vomiting.

White willow bark may also cause heartburn, and both it and bromelain can trigger allergic reactions, including severe ones in people allergic to aspirin. Protease is generally well tolerated but may cause digestive upset or allergies.

Potassium from food is safe, but supplements can dangerously raise blood potassium levels, especially in people with kidney disease. Avoid this product during pregnancy—bromelain and willow bark are not safe enough during pregnancy, and potassium supplements should only be used under medical guidance.

Breastfeeding safety data is insufficient or lacking for bromelain, protease, and willow bark, so avoid those while nursing; potassium from supplements should be checked with your doctor first.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Bromelain Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) Potassium Willow Bark

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Potassium, Bromelain, Willow Bark.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs.
  • For scale: 208 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Bromelain Plus, check with your pharmacist if you use ACE inhibitors (like enalapril or lisinopril), ARBs (like losartan or valsartan), potassium-sparing diuretics (like spironolactone), anticoagulants (like warfarin or apixaban), antiplatelet drugs (like aspirin or clopidogrel), or aspirin-like drugs (acetazolamide, choline magnesium trisalicylate, or salsalate). All of these carry Moderate severity interactions with one or more ingredients.

If you're on a tetracycline antibiotic, bromelain may theoretically increase its levels—a Minor interaction, but worth mentioning to your pharmacist.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Bromelain Plus may appeal to people looking for natural enzyme-based support for digestion, inflammation, or pain—but the evidence for most of its uses is not well established. If you take blood pressure medications, potassium-sparing diuretics, or blood thinners, do not start this product without checking with your pharmacist first.

Pregnant or breastfeeding? Talk with your doctor or pharmacist—the safety data advises against it.

Run your medications through the checker below before you buy.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 20, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Bromelain Plus, straight from the product label.

Brand Isotonix
Barcode (UPC) 848570001375
Net contents 10.6 Ounce(s); 300 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 20, 2024
DSLD ID 313389
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Bromelain Plus by Isotonix, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
9.9 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
9.9 Gram(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
848570001375
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories25 Calorie(s)--
Bromelain544 mg--
Total Sugars6 Gram(s)--
added Sugars5 Gram(s)10%
Protease70 mg--
Total Carbohydrates6 Gram(s)2%
Potassium300 mg6%
White Willow bark extract100 mg--

Other ingredients: Fructose, Citric Acid, Maltodextrin, Raspberry flavor, Malic Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Beet root powder, Rebaudioside A, Black Cherry flavor, Luo Han Guo fruit extract, Stearic Acid

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Supports a healthy immune system Supports healthy joint function Supports the body's natural healing process Promotes optimal cell health

This vegan product contains no added wheat, soy, yeast, gluten, artificial flavor, starch, salt, preservatives or milk.

This vegan product contains no added wheat, soy, yeast, gluten, artificial flavor, starch, salt, preservatives or milk.

Vegan

Gluten free

Brand IP Statement(s)

Isotonix The world's most advanced nutraceuticals

FDA Statement of Identity

An isotonic-capable Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions for use: Adults: Pour 3 level, white bottle capfuls of powder into a cup. Add 6 fl oz/180 ml (line on the overcap indicates 2 fl oz/60 ml) of water and stir. As a dietary supplement, take once daily or as directed by your healthcare provider. Maximum absorption occurs when taken on an empty stomach. This product is isotonic only if the specified amounts of powder and water are used. Do not take with food.

Precautions

Warning: If you are currently using warfarin (Coumadin) or any other antiplatelet/anticoagulant drugs, have a bleeding disorder, liver or kidney disease or any other digestive disorders, consult your healthcare provider before using this product. If you are currently using any other prescription drugs or have an ongoing medical condition, consult your healthcare provider before using this product. If you are allergic to pineapples or aspirin, have peptic ulcers or are pregnant or breastfeeding, do not use this product.

If you are allergic to pineapples or aspirin, have peptic ulcers or are pregnant or breastfeeding, do not use this product.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not use if safety seal is broken or missing.

Resale on third-party websites is strictly prohibited unless specifically authorized by Market America or its corporate affiliates. If barcodes are altered or you purchase this product from an unauthorized third-party website, the product is not guaranteed by Market America or its corporate affiliates.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Bromelain Plus by Isotonix label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Bromelain Plus label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Bromelain Plus by Isotonix

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size9.9 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Bromelain

Interacts with
141 drugs
544 mg per serving

Bromelain is a group of protein-digesting enzymes from pineapple that people take mainly for inflammation, swelling, and sinus problems. Some early st...

Bromelain monograph & interactions

Protease

No known
interactions
70 mg per serving

Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), tr...

Protease monograph & interactions

Potassium

Interacts with
62 drugs
300 mg per serving Form: Potassium Bicarbonate

Potassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanc...

Potassium monograph & interactions

White Willow bark extract

Interacts with
127 drugs
100 mg per serving Form: Salicin

Willow bark is a traditional plant remedy that contains salicin, a compound related to aspirin, and is most often used for pain and inflammation. Some...

White Willow bark extract monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Fructose, Citric Acid, Maltodextrin, Raspberry flavor, Malic Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Beet root powder, Rebaudioside A, Black Cherry flavor, Luo Han Guo fruit extract, Stearic Acid. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Bromelain Plus by Isotonix Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Bromelain Plus?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
208Drugs
189 Moderate 19 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Bromelain 141
White Willow bark extract 127
Potassium 62

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Bromelain Plus interact with 208 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 4 ingredients in Bromelain Plus interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Bromelain White Willow bark extract Potassium

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Bromelain Plus with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Bromelain2 drug types · 141 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
There is one case report of a patient experiencing minor bruising while taking bromelain with naproxen. Bromelain is thought to have antiplatelet activity. Whether this interaction is of concern with topical bromelain is unclear. Interference with coagulation of burn wounds has been reported in a patient receiving bromelain-based enzymatic debridement. However, observational research has found that topical bromelain debridement is not associated with increases or decreases in laboratory markers of coagulation when compared with surgical debridement.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Laboratory research suggests that bromelain might increase the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics. However, a study in healthy adults reported no difference in tetracycline plasma levels when a 500 mg dose was taken with or without bromelain 80 mg.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Bromelain full monograph & interactions

White Willow bark extract5 drug types · 127 drugs

Acetazolamide

Theoretically, willow bark might result in additive adverse effects associated with acetazolamide.
Willow bark contains salicin, a plant salicylate. Human case reports suggests that a combination of acetazolamide and salicylate increases unbound plasma levels of acetazolamide, as well as adverse effects related to acetazolamide.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, willow bark might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Willow bark has antiplatelet effects, but less so than aspirin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Aspirin

Theoretically, willow bark might increase the effects and adverse effects of aspirin.
Willow bark contains salicin, a plant salicylate. It might have an additive effect when taken with other salicylate-containing drugs such as aspirin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate (Trilisate)

Theoretically, willow bark might increase the effects and adverse effects of choline magnesium trisalicylate.
Willow bark contains salicin, a plant salicylate. It might have an additive effect when taken with other salicylate-containing drugs such as choline magnesium trisalicylate.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Salsalate (Disalcid)

Theoretically, willow bark might increase the effects and adverse effects of salsalate.
Willow bark contains salicin, a plant salicylate. It might have an additive effect when taken with other salicylate-containing drugs such as salsalate.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
White Willow bark extract full monograph & interactions

Potassium3 drug types · 62 drugs

Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Using ACEIs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ACEIs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Arbs)

Using ARBs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ARBs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Concomitant use increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Using potassium-sparing diuretics with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Potassium full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Bromelain Plus, from the product label.

Isotonix

See all Isotonix products
Name
Market America, Inc.
Street Address
1302 Pleasant Ridge Road
City
Greensboro
State
NC
ZipCode
27409
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Bromelain Plus by Isotonix: Common Questions

Does Bromelain Plus by Isotonix interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Bromelain Plus has a known interaction with 208 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Bromelain Plus contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take Bromelain Plus if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
No. Bromelain and white willow bark are not safe enough during pregnancy because of their risks, and the safety data for breastfeeding is insufficient or advises against it. Potassium supplements should only be used in pregnancy under medical guidance. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist if you're pregnant or nursing—they can suggest safer options.
What side effects might I notice?
Most common are digestive ones: diarrhea, flatulence, stomach upset, nausea, and vomiting. White willow bark may also cause heartburn. In sensitive people, both bromelain and willow bark can trigger allergies, including rash or itching. Serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, can occur in people allergic to aspirin.
Does this product actually work?
The evidence is limited. White willow bark is possibly effective for back pain, but for bromelain—the main ingredient—we don't have reliable evidence it works for allergic rhinitis, burns, or the other conditions it's marketed for. If you're buying it for a specific reason, ask your pharmacist what research actually supports that use.
What is bromelain and why is it in here?
Bromelain is a protein-digesting enzyme from pineapple stem. It may help reduce swelling and support tissue healing, though the evidence isn't strong. It works alongside protease, another enzyme, to break down proteins.
Why does this powder have potassium in it?
Potassium is an electrolyte your body needs for heart rhythm, muscle function, and nerve signaling. It's also an Isotonix product feature—the brand uses it in many of their formulas. That said, if you're on blood pressure medications, you'll need to be careful, because potassium supplements can interact with them.
Can I take this with my aspirin or blood thinner?
Not without checking with your pharmacist first. Bromelain and white willow bark both thin the blood, so taking them with aspirin, blood thinners, or antiplatelet drugs increases your bleeding risk. White willow bark also has direct interactions with aspirin-like medications. Always verify with your pharmacist before adding this product to your routine.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Bromelain Plus is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Bromelain Plus label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Bromelain Plus’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Bromelain

Interacts with 141 drugs

Bromelain is a group of protein-digesting enzymes from pineapple that people take mainly for inflammation, swelling, and sinus problems. Some early studies are promising, but the overall evi...

Read the full Bromelain monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases)

Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatin. Peo...

Read the full Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Potassium

Interacts with 62 drugs

Potassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables. P...

Read the full Potassium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Willow Bark

Interacts with 127 drugs

Willow bark is a traditional plant remedy that contains salicin, a compound related to aspirin, and is most often used for pain and inflammation. Some evidence suggests it may modestly help...

Read the full Willow Bark monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Bromelain Plus's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 46 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Bromelain 19 references
  1. Nettis E, Napoli G, Ferrannini A, Tursi A. IgE-mediated allergy to bromelain. Allergy 2001;56:257-8. PubMed
  2. Taussig SJ, Batkin S. Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update. J Ethnopharmacol 1988;22:191-203.. PubMed
  3. Bradbrook ID, Morrison PJ, Rogers HJ. The effect of bromelain on the absorption of orally administered tetracycline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1978;6:552-4. PubMed
  4. Bush TM, Rayburn KS, Holloway SW, et al. Adverse interactions between herbal and dietary substances and prescription medications: a clinical survey. Altern Ther Health Med 2007;13:30-5.
  5. Brien S, Lewith G, Walker AF, et al. Bromelain as an adjunctive treatment for moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. QJM 2006;99:841-50. PubMed
  6. Mori S, Ojima Y, Hirose T, et al. The clinical effect of proteolytic enzyme containing bromelain and trypsin on urinary tract infection evaluated by double blind method. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Jpn 1972;19:147-53.
  7. Glaser D, Hilberg T. The influence of bromelain on platelet count and platelet activity in vitro. Platelets 2006;17:37-41. PubMed
  8. Heinicke R M, van der Wal L, Yokoyama M. Effect of bromelain (Ananase) on human platelet aggregation. Experientia 1972;28:844-5. PubMed
  9. Gailhofer, G., Wilders-Truschnig, M., Smolle, J., and Ludvan, M. Asthma caused by bromelain: an occupational allergy. Clin Allergy 1988;18(5):445-450. PubMed
  10. Mattei, O., Fabri, G., and Farina, G. [Occupational health experience regarding four cases of asthma due to bromelain (author's transl)]. Medicina del Lavoro 1979;70(5):404-409.
  11. Galleguillos, F. and Rodriguez, J. C. Asthma caused by bromelin inhalation. Clin Allergy 1978;8(1):21-24. PubMed
  12. Perez-Camo I, Quirce S, Duran MA, and et al. Latex allergy: evidence of cross-reactivity with papain and bromelain [abstract]. Allergy 1996;51(suppl 31):48.
  13. Martin GJ, Ehrenreich J, and Asbell N. Bromelain: pineapple proteases with anti-edema activity. Exp Med Surg 1962;20:227-247.
  14. Kasemsuk T, Saengpetch N, Sibmooh N, Unchern S. Improved WOMAC score following 16-week treatment with bromelain for knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2016 Oct;35(10):2531-40. PubMed
  15. Kutlu Ö, DemirbaS A, Elmas ÖF, Güvenç U, Metin A. Fixed drug eruption: a new side effect of bromelain. Contact Dermatitis 2020. Online ahead of print. PubMed
  16. Shoham Y, Shapira E, Haik J, et al. Bromelain-based enzymatic debridement of chronic wounds: Results of a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Wound Repair Regen 2021;29(6):899-907. PubMed
  17. Pfister P, Garcia Wendel PD, Kim BS, et al. Coagulation side effects of enzymatic debridement in burned patients. Burns 2022. PubMed
  18. Hasham S, Riyat H, Fletcher A, O'Boyle CP, Alexander S. To bleed or not to bleed? Case series and discussion of haemorrhage risk with enzymatic debridement in burn injuries. Scars Burn Heal 2023;9:20595131231168333. PubMed
  19. Leelakanok N, Petchsomrit A, Janurai T, Saechan C, Sunsandee N. Efficacy and safety of bromelain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Health 2023. PubMed

See these in context on the Bromelain monograph →

Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) 3 references
  1. Weeks JA, Harper RA, Simon RA, Burdick JD. Assessment of sensitization risk of a laundry pre-spotter containing protease. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2011;30(4):272-9. PubMed
  2. Marquès LI, Lara S, Abós T, Bartolomé B. Occupational rhinitis due to pepsin. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006;16(2):136-7. DOI
  3. Cartier A, Malo JL, Pineau L, Dolovich J. Occupational asthma due to pepsin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1984;73(5 Pt 1):574-7. PubMed

See these in context on the Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph →

Potassium 12 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Gennaro A. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. 19th ed. Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins, 1996.
  3. Whelton PK, He J, Cutler JA, et al. Effects of oral potassium on blood pressure. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. JAMA 1997;277:1624-32. PubMed
  4. Phillips, C. O., Kashani, A., Ko, D. K., Francis, G., and Krumholz, H. M. Adverse effects of combination angiotensin II receptor blockers plus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for left ventricular dysfunction: a quantitative review of data from ra DOI
  5. Altieri, P. I., Herrero, C., Suero, R., and Ortiz, A. Bleeding duodenal ulcer in a patient taking slow-releasing potassium tablets. Bol.Asoc.Med P.R. 1977;69(8):276.
  6. Raf, L. E. Enteric-coated potassium chloride tablets and ulcer of the small intestine. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 1967;(374):1-87.
  7. Potassium chloride oral solution [package insert]. Allentown, PA: Lehigh Valley Technologies, Inc.; 2014.
  8. Potassium chloride injection [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira Inc.; 2009.
  9. Patel RB, Tannenbaum S, Viana-Tejedor A, et al. Serum potassium levels, cardiac arrhythmias, and mortality following non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction or unstable angina: insights from MERLIN-TIMI 36. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2017 Feb;6(1):1 PubMed
  10. Malta D, Arcand J, Ravindran A, Floras V, Allard JP, Newton GE. Adequate intake of potassium does not cause hyperkalemia in hypertensive individuals taking medications that antagonize the renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Am J Clin Nutr 2016 Oct;104(4 PubMed
  11. Keskin M, Kaya A, Tatlisu MA, et al. The effect of serum potassium level on in-hospital and long-term mortality in ST elevation myocardial infarction. Int J cardiol. 2016 Oct 15;221:505-10.
  12. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad

See these in context on the Potassium monograph →

Willow Bark 12 references
  1. Chrubasik S, Eisenberg E, Balan E, et al. Treatment of low back pain exacerbations with willow bark extract: a randomized double-blind study. Am J Med 2000;109:9-14. PubMed
  2. Schmid B, Ludtke R, Selbmann HK, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of a standardized willow bark extract in patients with osteoarthritis: randomized placebo-controlled, double blind clinical trial. Phytother Res 2001;15:344-50. PubMed
  3. Biegert C, Wagner I, Ludtke R, et al. Efficacy and safety of willow bark extract in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: results of 2 randomized double-blind controlled trials. J Rheumatol 2004;31:2121-30.
  4. Unsworth J, d'Assis-Fonseca A, Beswick DT, Blake DR. Serum salicylate levels in a breast fed infant. Ann Rheum Dis 1987;46:638-9. PubMed
  5. Clark JH, Wilson WG. A 16-day-old breast-fed infant with metabolic acidosis caused by salicylate. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1981;20:53-4. PubMed
  6. Chrubasik S, Kunzel O, Model A, et al. Treatment of low back pain with a herbal or synthetic anti-rheumatic: a randomized controlled study. Willow bark extract for low back pain. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001;40:1388-93. PubMed
  7. Schmid B, Kotter I, Heide L. Pharmacokinetics of salicin after oral administration of a standardised willow bark extract. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2001;57:387-91. PubMed
  8. Krivoy N, Pavlotzky E, Chrubasik S, et al. Effect of salicis cortex extract on human platelet aggregation. Planta Med 2001;67:209-12. PubMed
  9. Mills SY, Jacoby RK, Chacksfield M, Willoughby M. Effect of a proprietary herbal medicine on the relief of chronic arthritic pain: a double-blind study. Br J Rheumatol 1996;35:874-8. PubMed
  10. Chrubasik, S., Kunzel, O., Black, A., Conradt, C., and Kerschbaumer, F. Potential economic impact of using a proprietary willow bark extract in outpatient treatment of low back pain: an open non-randomized study. Phytomedicine 2001;8(4):241-251. PubMed
  11. <p>Moro PA, Flacco V, Cassetti F, Clementi V, Colombo ML, Chiesa GM, Menniti-Ippolito F, Raschetti R, Santuccio C. Hypovolemic shock due to severe gastrointestinal bleeding in a child taking an herbal syrup. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2011;47(3):278-83.</p>
  12. Sweeney, K. R., Chapron, D. J., Brandt, J. L., Gomolin, I. H., Feig, P. U., and Kramer, P. A. Toxic interaction between acetazolamide and salicylate: case reports and a pharmacokinetic explanation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986;40(5):518-524.

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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