Choline Complex Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by SuperSmart
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Choline Complex against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Choline Complex is a dietary supplement by SuperSmart with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for liver health and fatty liver, brain and memory support, prenatal nutrition and fetal development.Based on those ingredients, 27 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated minor. The ingredients most likely to interact are Choline Bitartrate, Alcolec GPC. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Choline Complex by SuperSmart
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Choline Complex by SuperSmart — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Choline Complex by SuperSmart
Four independent checks of what is known — a summary of the available information, not a grade of the product itself.
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
The stated purpose hasn't been mapped to our evidence data yet.
Why this rating?
- We haven't mapped this product's purpose to our evidence data yet — it'll be graded on the next content refresh.
Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.
Why this rating?
- The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 3 active ingredients.
- No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.
Only Minor-severity interactions are documented for these ingredients.
Why this rating?
- 2 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Choline, Alpha-gpc.
- The most serious interaction on file is rated Minor.
- For scale: 27 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.
Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.
Why this rating?
- We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
- Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
- General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
- Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.
HelloPharmacist summaryFully disclosed formula with no assessable stated purpose. Only minor medication interactions are documented, and safety information is well characterized.
Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 24, 2020.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Choline Complex, straight from the product label.
| Brand | SuperSmart |
|---|---|
| Net contents | 60 Vegetarian Capsule(s) |
| Market status | Off market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Jun 24, 2020 |
| DSLD ID | 221706 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Choline Complex by SuperSmart, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Choline Bitartrate | 70 mg | -- |
| Alcolec GPC | 500 mg | -- |
| Cytidine-Diphosphate-Choline | 100 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Acacia Gum, White Rice Flour
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)
Alcolec GPC, American Lecithin Company, USA.
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Recommended use: Adults. Take 2 capsules a day.
Precautions
Precautions: Do not exceed the recommended daily dose. This product is a nutritional supplement and should not replace a varied, balanced diet.
Keep out of childrens' reach.
As with any nutritional supplement, you should consult a health professional before taking this product if you are pregnant, breastfeeding or have a health problem.
Storage
Store away from direct light, heat and humidity.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Choline Complex by SuperSmart label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Choline Complex by SuperSmart
These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size2 Vegetarian Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Choline Bitartrate
Interacts with16 drugs
Choline is an essential nutrient your body needs for liver function, brain health, and nerve signaling, and many people get enough from foods like egg...
Choline Bitartrate monograph & interactionsAlcolec GPC
Interacts with16 drugs
Alpha-GPC is a choline-containing compound used mainly for memory, brain health, and as a choline source. There is some evidence it may help cognition...
Alcolec GPC monograph & interactionsCytidine-Diphosphate-Choline
No knowninteractions
Citicoline is a naturally occurring compound involved in making brain cell membranes and the messenger chemical acetylcholine. It is popularly taken f...
Cytidine-Diphosphate-Choline monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Acacia Gum, White Rice Flour. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Choline Complex by SuperSmart Drug Interactions
Choline Complex contains 3 ingredients, and 2 of them have known drug interactions. Altogether they interact with 27 medications. Here’s the picture, then you can look up your own drug.
Want to check YOUR meds against Choline Complex?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Choline Complex interact with 27 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
2 of the 3 ingredients in Choline Complex interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Choline Bitartrate Alcolec GPC
AtropineSal-Tropine
How Atropine interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Choline BitartrateAtropine Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Read the full Choline Bitartrate + Atropine interactionAtropine SulfateAtropine Sulfate, Isopto Atropine
How Atropine Sulfate interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Choline BitartrateAtropine Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Read the full Choline Bitartrate + Atropine Sulfate interactionAtropine, Benzoic Acid, Hyoscyamine, Methenamine, Methylene Blue, PhenylAtrosept
How Atropine, Benzoic Acid, Hyoscyamine, Methenamine, Methylene Blue, Phenyl interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Choline BitartrateAtropine Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Read the full Choline Bitartrate + Atropine, Benzoic Acid, Hyoscyamine, Methenamine, Methylene Blue, Phenyl interactionAtropine, Benzoic Acid, Hyoscyamine, Methenamine, Methylene Blue, Phenyl SalicylateUrinary Antiseptic 2, Urised
How Atropine, Benzoic Acid, Hyoscyamine, Methenamine, Methylene Blue, Phenyl Salicylate interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Choline BitartrateAtropine Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Read the full Choline Bitartrate + Atropine, Benzoic Acid, Hyoscyamine, Methenamine, Methylene Blue, Phenyl Salicylate interactionAtropine, Chlorpheniramine, Hyoscyamine, Phenylephrine, Phenylpropanolamine, ScopolamineAtrohist Plus, Pro Tuss, Ru-tuss, Stahist
How Atropine, Chlorpheniramine, Hyoscyamine, Phenylephrine, Phenylpropanolamine, Scopolamine interacts with Choline Complex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Alcolec GpcScopolamine (transderm Scop) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
Read the full Alcolec Gpc + Atropine, Chlorpheniramine, Hyoscyamine, Phenylephrine, Phenylpropanolamine, Scopolamine interactionCholine BitartrateAtropine Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Read the full Choline Bitartrate + Atropine, Chlorpheniramine, Hyoscyamine, Phenylephrine, Phenylpropanolamine, Scopolamine interactionAtropine, DifenoxinMotofen
How Atropine, Difenoxin interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Choline BitartrateAtropine Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Read the full Choline Bitartrate + Atropine, Difenoxin interactionAtropine, DiphenoxylateLofene, Lomotil
How Atropine, Diphenoxylate interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Choline BitartrateAtropine Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Read the full Choline Bitartrate + Atropine, Diphenoxylate interactionAtropine, Hyoscyamine, PhenobarbitalHypnaldyne
How Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Choline BitartrateAtropine Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Read the full Choline Bitartrate + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital interactionAtropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, ScopolamineBarbidonna No. 2, Belladonna Phenobarbital
How Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine interacts with Choline Complex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Choline BitartrateAtropine Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Read the full Choline Bitartrate + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine interactionAlcolec GpcScopolamine (transderm Scop) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
Read the full Alcolec Gpc + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine interactionAtropine, Hyoscyamine, ScopolamineColytrol
How Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine interacts with Choline Complex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Choline BitartrateAtropine Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Read the full Choline Bitartrate + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine interactionAlcolec GpcScopolamine (transderm Scop) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
Read the full Alcolec Gpc + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine interactionAtropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, PhenobarbitalBarbeloid, Donnatal #2, Donphen
How Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Phenobarbital interacts with Choline Complex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Choline BitartrateAtropine Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Read the full Choline Bitartrate + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Phenobarbital interactionAlcolec GpcScopolamine (transderm Scop) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
Read the full Alcolec Gpc + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Phenobarbital interactionAtropine, PhenobarbitalAnthrocol
How Atropine, Phenobarbital interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Choline BitartrateAtropine Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Read the full Choline Bitartrate + Atropine, Phenobarbital interactionAtropine, MeperidineAtropine, Meperidine
How Atropine, Meperidine interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Choline BitartrateAtropine Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Read the full Choline Bitartrate + Atropine, Meperidine interactionAtropine, Morphine SulfateAtropine, Morphine Sulfate
How Atropine, Morphine Sulfate interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Choline BitartrateAtropine Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Read the full Choline Bitartrate + Atropine, Morphine Sulfate interactionBarbital, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Passiflora, ValeriBarbatose #2
How Barbital, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Passiflora, Valeri interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Alcolec GpcScopolamine (transderm Scop) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
Read the full Alcolec Gpc + Barbital, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Passiflora, Valeri interactionBelladonna Alkaloids, PhenobarbitalBarbidonna, Donnatal
How Belladonna Alkaloids, Phenobarbital interacts with Choline Complex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Choline BitartrateAtropine Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Read the full Choline Bitartrate + Belladonna Alkaloids, Phenobarbital interactionAlcolec GpcScopolamine (transderm Scop) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
Read the full Alcolec Gpc + Belladonna Alkaloids, Phenobarbital interactionCamphor, Hyoscyamine, Passif, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine, ValerianNevrotose #3
How Camphor, Hyoscyamine, Passif, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine, Valerian interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Alcolec GpcScopolamine (transderm Scop) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
Read the full Alcolec Gpc + Camphor, Hyoscyamine, Passif, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine, Valerian interactionChlorpheniramine, MethscopolamineAllerx
How Chlorpheniramine, Methscopolamine interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Alcolec GpcScopolamine (transderm Scop) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
Read the full Alcolec Gpc + Chlorpheniramine, Methscopolamine interactionChlorpheniramine, Methscopolamine, PhenylephrineAH Chew, DA, DA II, Dallergy, Dallergy ER, Dura Vent DA +9 more
How Chlorpheniramine, Methscopolamine, Phenylephrine interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Alcolec GpcScopolamine (transderm Scop) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
Read the full Alcolec Gpc + Chlorpheniramine, Methscopolamine, Phenylephrine interactionChlorpheniramine, Methscopolamine, PhenylpropanolaminePannaz
How Chlorpheniramine, Methscopolamine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Alcolec GpcScopolamine (transderm Scop) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
Read the full Alcolec Gpc + Chlorpheniramine, Methscopolamine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionChlorpheniramine, Methscopolamine, PseudoephedrineMescolor, Rescon-Mx, Xiral
How Chlorpheniramine, Methscopolamine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Alcolec GpcScopolamine (transderm Scop) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
Read the full Alcolec Gpc + Chlorpheniramine, Methscopolamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionDextromethorphan, Methscopolamine, PhenylephrineDA Chewable
How Dextromethorphan, Methscopolamine, Phenylephrine interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Alcolec GpcScopolamine (transderm Scop) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
Read the full Alcolec Gpc + Dextromethorphan, Methscopolamine, Phenylephrine interactionEdrophonium, AtropineEnlon-Plus
How Edrophonium, Atropine interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Choline BitartrateAtropine Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Read the full Choline Bitartrate + Edrophonium, Atropine interactionMethscopolamine BromidePamine
How Methscopolamine Bromide interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Alcolec GpcScopolamine (transderm Scop) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
Read the full Alcolec Gpc + Methscopolamine Bromide interactionMethscopolamine, Mivacurium, PhenylephrineDallergy IR
How Methscopolamine, Mivacurium, Phenylephrine interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Alcolec GpcScopolamine (transderm Scop) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
Read the full Alcolec Gpc + Methscopolamine, Mivacurium, Phenylephrine interactionMethscopolamine, PseudoephedrineAllerx D
How Methscopolamine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Alcolec GpcScopolamine (transderm Scop) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
Read the full Alcolec Gpc + Methscopolamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionScopolamineScopace, Scopolamine Injection, Transderm Scop
How Scopolamine interacts with Choline Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Alcolec GpcScopolamine (transderm Scop) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
Read the full Alcolec Gpc + Scopolamine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Choline Complex with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Choline Bitartrate
Atropine
Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Animal research shows that administering choline one hour before administering atropine can attenuate atropine-induced decreases in brain levels of acetylcholine. Theoretically, concomitant use of choline and atropine may decrease the effects of atropine.
Alcolec GPC
Scopolamine (Transderm Scop)
Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
A small clinical study shows that alpha-GPC can partially counteract the attention and memory impairment effects caused by scopolamine given intramuscularly. Whether alpha-GPC can decrease the beneficial anti-motion sickness effects of the scopolamine patch (Transderm Scop) is unclear.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Choline Complex, from the product label.
SuperSmart
See all SuperSmart products- Name
- SN Worldwide LDA
- Street Address
- Rua Nova do Pina n. 4-3
- City
- Funchal
- ZipCode
- 9050-067
Choline Complex by SuperSmart: Common Questions
Does Choline Complex by SuperSmart interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Choline Complex is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Choline Complex’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Choline
Interacts with 16 drugsCholine is an essential nutrient your body needs for liver function, brain health, and nerve signaling, and many people get enough from foods like eggs, meat, and fish. Supplements may help...
Read the full Choline monograph → Herb & supplement monographAlpha-gpc
Interacts with 16 drugsAlpha-GPC is a choline-containing compound used mainly for memory, brain health, and as a choline source. There is some evidence it may help cognition in people with dementia, but evidence i...
Read the full Alpha-gpc monograph → Herb & supplement monographCiticoline
Citicoline is a naturally occurring compound involved in making brain cell membranes and the messenger chemical acetylcholine. It is popularly taken for memory, focus, and brain aging, and s...
Read the full Citicoline monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Choline Complex's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 29 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Choline 14 references
- Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. Dietary reference intakes: The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:699-706. PubMed
- Cho E, Willett WC, Colditz GA, et al. Dietary choline and betaine and the risk of distal colorectal adenoma in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:1224-31. PubMed
- Schmidt, C., Abicht, A., Krampfl, K., Voss, W., Stucka, R., Mildner, G., Petrova, S., Schara, U., Mortier, W., Bufler, J., Huebner, A., and Lochmuller, H. Congenital myasthenic syndrome due to a novel missense mutation in the gene encoding choline acetyl
- Tamminga, C., Smith, R. C., Chang, S., Haraszti, J. S., and Davis, J. M. Depression associated with oral choline. Lancet 10-23-1976;2(7991):905. PubMed
- Wood, J. L. and Allison, R. G. Effects of consumption of choline and lecithin on neurological and cardiovascular systems. Fed.Proc. 1982;41(14):3015-3021.
- Growdon, J. H. and Gelenberg, A. J. Choline and lecithin administration to patients with tardive dyskinesia. Trans.Am.Neurol.Assoc. 1978;103:95-99.
- Smith, C. M., Swash, M., Exton-Smith, A. N., Phillips, M. J., Overstall, P. W., Piper, M. E., and Bailey, M. R. Choline therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 8-5-1978;2(8084):318. PubMed
- Morrison, L. M. and W. F. Gonzales. Choline in coronary atherosclerosis. Amer.Heart J. 1950;39:729.
- Christie, J. G. Blackburn 1. M. Glen A. I. M. Zeisel S. Shering A. & Yates C. M. Effects of choline and lecithin on CSF choline levels and on cognitive functioning in patients with presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Nutrition and the brain 1979;5
- Sidhu N, Davies S, Nadarajah A, et al. Oral choline supplementation for postoperative pain. Br J Anaesth 2013;111(2):249-55. PubMed
- Wozniak JR, Fuglestad AJ, Eckerle JK, et al. Choline supplementation in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders has high feasibility and tolerability. Nutr Res. 2013;33(11):897-904. PubMed
- Wozniak JR, Fuglestad AJ, Eckerle JK, et al. Choline supplementation in children with fetal alcohol disorders: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(5): 1113-25.
- Ross RG, Hunter SK, McCarthy L, et al. Perinatal choline effects on neonatal pathophysiology related to later schizophrenia risk. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170(3):290-8. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Choline. Dietary Reference Intakes: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B-6, Vitamin B-12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press; 1998:390-422.
Alpha-gpc 4 references
- Di Perri R, Coppola G, Ambrosio LA, et al. A multicentre trial to the evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine versus cytosine diphosphocholine in patients with vascular dementia. J Int Med Res 1991;19:330-41.
- Barbagallo Sangiorgi G, Barbagallo M, Giordano M, et al. Alpha-glycerophosphocholine in the mental recovery of cerebral ischemic attacks: An Italian multicenter clinical trial. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994;717:253-69. PubMed
- Canal N, Franceschi M, Alberoni M, et al. Effect of L-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine on amnesia caused by scopolamine. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1991;29:103-7.
- Lee G, Choi S, Chang J, et al. Association of L-a glycerylphosphorylcholine with subsequent stroke risk after 10 Years. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4(11):e2136008.
Citicoline 11 references
- Spiers PA, Myers D, Hochanadel GS, et al. Citicoline improves verbal memory in aging. Arch Neurol 1996;53:441-8. PubMed
- Fioravanti M, Yanagi M. Cytidinediphosphocholine (CDP-choline) for cognitive and behavioural disturbances associated with chronic cerebral disorders in the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;(2):CD000269. PubMed
- Conant R, Schauss AG. Therapeutic applications of citicoline for stroke and cognitive function in the elderly: A review of the literature. Altern Med Rev 2004;9:17-31.
- Warach, S., Pettigrew, L. C., Dashe, J. F., Pullicino, P., Lefkowitz, D. M., Sabounjian, L., Harnett, K., Schwiderski, U., and Gammans, R. Effect of citicoline on ischemic lesions as measured by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Citicoline 0 DOI
- Lukas, S. E., Kouri, E. M., Rhee, C., Madrid, A., and Renshaw, P. F. Effects of short-term citicoline treatment on acute cocaine intoxication and cardiovascular effects. Psychopharmacology.(Berl.) 2001;157(2):163-167. PubMed
- Dinsdale, J. R., Griffiths, G. K., Castello, J., Maddock, J., Ortiz, J. A., and Aylward, M. CDP-choline: repeated oral dose tolerance studies in adult healthy volunteers. Arzneimittelforschung. 1983;33(7A):1061-1065.
- Clark BC, Georgekutty J, Berul CI. Myocardial ischemia secondary to synthetic cannabinoid (K2) use in pediatric patients. J Pediatr 2015;167(3):757-61.e1. PubMed
- Ghajar A, Gholamian F, Tabatabei-Motlagh M, et al. Citicoline (CDP-choline) add-on therapy to risperidone for treatment of negative symptoms in patients with stable schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2
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