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Dietary supplement

Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Zarbee's Baby

Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Non-nutrient/non-botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Oct 7, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor is a dietary supplement by Zarbee's Baby with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for zinc deficiency, immune support, cold symptoms.Based on those ingredients, 787 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Honey, Zinc. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor by Zarbee's Baby

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor by Zarbee's Baby — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor by Zarbee's Baby

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 23, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 2 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This product contains 2 active ingredients: zinc and honey. Zinc is a mineral your body needs for immune function and wound healing, and it's included to support immune health during cough and cold symptoms.

Honey has been used traditionally to soothe coughs and throat irritation. The syrup also contains water, natural flavor, and citric acid as inactive ingredients.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Soothes coughs, hoarseness, dry throat irritants.
  • We looked for evidence on: Cough, Sore throat, Hoarseness, Throat irritation.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Honey is rated "Possibly Effective" for Cough (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Zinc is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Postoperative sore throat.

The evidence behind these ingredients is mixed. Zinc is effective for treating zinc deficiency and likely effective for Wilson disease, but for supporting immune health during a cough, the data shows it's only possibly effective for general immune support—the evidence isn't strong.

Honey is possibly effective at soothing coughs and throat irritation. Neither ingredient has strong proof for preventing or shortening colds or coughs in otherwise healthy children.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Zinc Honey

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Zinc is generally well tolerated in recommended amounts. The main side effects are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and a metallic taste—these are dose-related, meaning higher doses are more likely to cause them.

Doses above 40 mg daily for adults can raise the risk of copper deficiency over time. Honey is safe for children over 1 year of age and generally well tolerated; nausea, stomach pain, and vomiting can occur but are uncommon.

Avoid honey from the Black Sea coast of Turkey, as some batches contain toxins that can cause heart rhythm problems. Allergic reactions to honey are rare but possible.

For pregnancy and breastfeeding: we hold conflicting data on zinc (one entry says Likely Safe, another says Likely Unsafe), so talk to your obstetrician or midwife for personalized advice. Honey is rated Likely Safe in pregnancy and for a breastfeeding mother to consume, though medicinal use should be discussed with your provider.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Zinc Honey

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Honey, Zinc.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs.
  • For scale: 788 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before giving this syrup, tell your pediatrician or pharmacist if your child takes any quinolone antibiotics (like ciprofloxacin), cephalexin, tetracycline antibiotics, penicillamine, ritonavir, integrase inhibitors for HIV, or bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide—zinc can reduce how well these work and may require dose timing changes. Less certain risks involve phenytoin (Dilantin), some drugs broken down by the liver enzyme CYP3A4, and blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs, where honey's effects are theoretical or mixed.

Check the exact medications your child takes with your healthcare provider.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This syrup may help soothe your child's cough and support immune health, but the evidence for those uses isn't strong. The main concern is zinc's interaction with certain antibiotics and other medications—if your child takes any prescription drugs, check them against the medication list on this page before giving the syrup.

Talk it over with your pediatrician or pharmacist to be sure it's right for your child.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 2 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 23, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor, straight from the product label.

Brand Zarbee's Baby
Barcode (UPC) 897233709011
Net contents 2 Fluid Ounce(s); 59 Milliliter(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Aug 23, 2023
DSLD ID 288612
Product type Non-nutrient/non-botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Gluten Free, Children more than 1 but less than 4
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor by Zarbee's Baby, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Children less than 4 years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
3 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
3 mL
Servings per container
19
UPC/BARCODE
897233709011
IngredientAmount% DV
Added Sugars3 Gram(s)12%
Zinc0.75 mg25%
Calories15 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrate3 Gram(s)2%
Total Sugars3 Gram(s)--
Honey4 Gram(s)--

Other ingredients: Water, Natural flavor, Citric Acid

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Recommended Uses: Soothes coughs associated with hoarseness, dry throat and irritants. Occasional coughs Irritated throats Hoarseness Serving Suggestion: Under 12 months Not recommended 12 months to 24 months 3 milliliters Suggestions for use: Shake well before using. Take only as directed. Take as needed, not to exceed 4 times per day. For occasional use.

Precautions

Talk with your doctor before use if your child is taking medicine or is under a doctor's care for a medical condition.

Talk with your doctor before use if your child is taking medicine or is under a doctor's care for a medical condition.

Caution: If condition persists or worsens, stop use and consult a doctor.

Do not use if your child is allergic to any of the ingredients.

Do not exceed recommended serving.

Do not use if safety seal is broken.

Keep out of reach of children Warning: This product contains honey and as such it should not be used by children under 12 months of age.

Warning: This product contains honey and as such it should not be used by children under 12 months of age.

General Statements

Fun fact #901 A bee visits between 50-100 flowers on one trip. Honey is produced by bees as a food source. To fuel a bee's flight around the world it would take about one ounce of honey. Dr. Zak Zarbock, a pediatrician & father, couldn't find effective, drug-free products to keep the whole family healthy, so created his own. The result is Zarbee's. We believe in the power of simple, curated ingredients, inspired by nature & backed by science. That is why we carefully craft wellness solutions to help you keep your whole hive feeling its best.

#1 Pediatrician Recommended cough syrup brand for babies & children 12 & under

Please recycle Printed on 100% recyclable materials. Follow us for coupons & special offers Facebook Twitter Instagram

Storage

Reclose cap tightly after each use. Store at room temperature.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Formulation

Made in the USA with domestic and imported ingredients

No drugs or alcohol No artificial sweeteners No artificial flavors No dyes Gluten-free

Brand IP Statement(s)

Zarbee's baby Inspired By Nature

Formula

12-24 months

Dark honey + zinc with a special blend of dark honey to soothe coughs associated with hoarseness, dry throat & irritants

Natural Grape Flavor with other natural flavors

Safe & Effective Made with our proprietary blend of dark honey to soothe coughs associated with hoarseness, dry throat & irritants Honey gently calms & comforts baby's dry throat Made with zinc to support the immune system

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor by Zarbee's Baby label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor by Zarbee's Baby

These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size3 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container19 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Zinc

Interacts with
67 drugs
0.75 mg per serving Form: Zinc Gluconate

Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but suppleme...

Zinc monograph & interactions

Honey

Interacts with
738 drugs
4 Gram(s) per serving

Honey is a natural food with some real, modest evidence for easing coughs and helping certain wounds, especially when special medical-grade or Manuka...

Honey monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Water, Natural flavor, Citric Acid. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor by Zarbee's Baby Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
787Drugs
68 Moderate 719 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Honey 738
Zinc 67

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor interact with 787 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 2 ingredients in Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Honey Zinc

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Honey3 drug types · 738 drugs

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Theoretically, honey might increase levels of phenytoin.
In an animal model, the rate and extent of absorption of phenytoin was increased by honey. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, honey may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro, honey inhibits platelet aggregation and increases the time to clotting. Furthermore, animal research suggests that feeding mice large doses of honey for 12 days increases bleeding time when compared with no intervention. However, these effects have not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Some clinical research shows that honey induces CYP3A4. However, other clinical studies found no effect on CYP3A4 activity. Different honey preparations may have different effects on CYP3A4.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Honey full monograph & interactions

Zinc10 drug types · 67 drugs

Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)

Theoretically, zinc might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after zinc containing products.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Cephalexin (Keflex)

Zinc might decrease cephalexin levels by chelating with cephalexin in the gut and preventing its absorption.
A pharmacokinetic study shows that zinc sulfate 250 mg taken concomitantly with cephalexin 500 mg decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 31% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 27%. Also, taking zinc sulfate 3 hours before cephalexin decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 11% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 18%. By decreasing cephalexin levels, zinc might increase the risk of treatment failure. This effect does not occur when zinc is taken 3 hours after the cephalexin dose. To avoid an interaction, advise patients take zinc sulfate 3 hours after taking cephalexin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)

Theoretically, zinc might interfere with the therapeutic effects of cisplatin.
Animal research suggests that zinc stimulates tumor cell production of the protein metallothionein, which binds and inactivates cisplatin. It is not known whether zinc supplements or high dietary zinc intake can cause clinically significant interference with cisplatin therapy. Cisplatin might also increase zinc excretion.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Integrase Inhibitors

Theoretically, taking zinc along with integrase inhibitors might decrease the levels and clinical effects of these drugs.
Zinc is a divalent cation. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that other divalent cations such as calcium and iron can decrease blood levels of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir through chelation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)

Zinc might reduce the levels and clinical effects of penicillamine.
By forming an insoluble complex with penicillamine, zinc interferes with penicillamine absorption and activity. Zinc supplements reduce the efficacy of low-dose penicillamine (0.5-1 gram/day), but do not seem to affect higher doses (1-2.75 gram/day), provided dosing times are separated. Advise patients to take zinc and penicillamine at least 2 hours apart.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Quinolone Antibiotics

Zinc can decrease the levels and clinical effects of quinolones antibiotics.
Quinolones form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing absorption of both the quinolone and zinc if taken at the same time. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Ritonavir (Norvir)

Zinc modestly reduces levels of ritonavir.
Clinical research shows that zinc might reduce serum ritonavir levels by chelating with ritonavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. In patients with HIV, ritonavir is taken with atazanavir to prevent the metabolism and increase the effects of atazanavir. A pharmacokinetic study shows that, in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg as a single dose or as multiple daily doses for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of ritonavir by about 16%. However, atazanavir levels still remains high enough to prevent HIV virus replication. Therefore, the decrease in ritonavir levels is not likely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Zinc might reduce levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Tetracyclines form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, which can reduce absorption of both the tetracycline and zinc when taken at the same time. Taking zinc sulfate 200 mg with tetracycline reduces absorption of the antibiotic by 30% to 40%. Demeclocycline and minocycline cause a similar interaction. However, doxycycline does not seem to interact significantly with zinc. Advise patients to take tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements to avoid any interactions.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Amiloride (Midamor)

Amiloride can modestly reduce zinc excretion and increase zinc levels.
Clinical research shows that amiloride can reduce urinary zinc excretion, especially at doses of 10 mg per day or more. This zinc-sparing effect can help to counteract zinc losses caused by thiazide diuretics, but it is unlikely to cause zinc toxicity at usual amiloride doses. The other potassium-sparing diuretics, spironolactone (Aldactone) and triamterene (Dyrenium), do not seem to have a zinc-sparing effect.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Atazanavir (Reyataz)

Zinc modestly reduces levels of atazanavir, although this effect does not seem to be clinically significant.
Clinical research shows that zinc might decrease serum atazanavir levels by chelating with atazanavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. Although a single dose of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg orally does not affect atazanavir concentrations in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate 125 mg daily for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of atazanavir by about 22% in these patients. However, despite this decrease, atazanavir levels still remain at high enough concentrations for the prevention of HIV virus replication.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Zinc full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor, from the product label.

Zarbee's Baby

See all Zarbee's Baby products
Name
Zarbee's, Inc.
City
Draper
State
Utah
ZipCode
84020
Phone Number
1-877-528-0420
Web Address
Zarbees.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor by Zarbee's Baby: Common Questions

Does Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor by Zarbee's Baby interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor has a known interaction with 787 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor contains 2 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I give this to my baby under 1 year old?
The product facts don't specify an age limit, but honey itself is not recommended for babies under 1 year. Talk to your pediatrician about whether this syrup is appropriate for your baby's age.
What are the side effects of zinc in this syrup?
The most common are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, and a metallic taste. These are usually dose-related—higher doses are more likely to cause them. At recommended levels, zinc is well tolerated.
Will this syrup prevent my child from catching a cold?
The evidence that zinc prevents colds or shortens them in healthy children is only possibly effective, meaning it's not well established. Honey may help soothe a cough once it starts, but again, the proof is only possibly effective.
Is it safe to give this while my child is on antibiotics?
Zinc can interfere with how some antibiotics are absorbed, making them less effective. If your child is on any antibiotic, check the specific drug name with your pediatrician or pharmacist before giving this syrup—they may need to space the doses apart.
Can I use this syrup if my child is allergic to bee products?
This syrup contains honey, which is made by bees. Allergic reactions to honey are rare but possible, especially in people with existing allergies to bee products. Talk to your pediatrician if your child has any known bee allergies before using it.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Zinc

Interacts with 67 drugs

Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but supplements can help correct or prevent a defici...

Read the full Zinc monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Honey

Interacts with 738 drugs

Honey is a natural food with some real, modest evidence for easing coughs and helping certain wounds, especially when special medical-grade or Manuka honey is used. It is generally safe for...

Read the full Honey monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Cough Syrup + Immune Natural Grape Flavor's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 128 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Zinc 88 references
  1. Barceloux DG. Zinc. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1999;37:279-92.
  2. Eby GA, Davis DR, Halcomb WW. Reduction in duration of common colds by zinc gluconate lozenges in a double-blind study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984;25:20-4. DOI
  3. Smith DS, Helzner EC, Nuttall CE Jr, et al. Failure of zinc gluconate in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:646-8. PubMed
  4. Blondeau JM. Expanded activity and utility of the new fluoroquinolones: a review. Clin Ther 1999;21:3-40. PubMed
  5. Reyes AJ, Olhaberry JV, Leary WP, et al. Urinary zinc excretion, diuretics, zinc deficiency and some side-effects of diuretics. S Afr Med J 1983;64:936-41.
  6. Kugelmas M. Preliminary observation: oral zinc sulfate replacement is effective in treating muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:13-5. PubMed
  7. Hebel SK, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons. 52nd ed. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons, 1998.
  8. Chan S, Gerson B, Subramaniam S. The role of copper, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc in nutrition and health. Clin Lab Med 1998;18:673-85. DOI
  9. Brewer GJ, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Johnson V, et al. Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc: XI. Interaction with other anticopper agents. J Am Coll Nutr 1993;12:26-30. PubMed
  10. Fosmire GJ. Zinc toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:225-7.
  11. Lomaestro BM, Bailie GR. Absorption interactions with fluoroquinolones. 1995 update. Drug Saf 1995;12:314-33. PubMed
  12. Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
  13. Seelig MS. Auto-immune complications of D-penicillamine - A possible result of zinc and magnesium depletion and of pyridoxine inactivation. J Am Coll Nutr 1982;1:207-14. PubMed
  14. Neuvonen PJ. Interactions with the absorption of tetracyclines. Drugs 1976;11:45-54.. PubMed
  15. Hirt M, Nobel S, Barron E. Zinc nasal gel for the treatment of common cold symptoms: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ear Nose Throat J 2000;79:778-82.. DOI
  16. Simkin PA. Oral zinc sulphate in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1976;2:539-42. PubMed
  17. Wray D. A double-blind trial of systemic zinc sulfate in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982;53:469-72. PubMed
  18. Douglas RM, Miles HB, Moore BW, et al. Failure of effervescent zinc acetate lozenges to alter the course of upper respiratory tract infections in Australian adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987;31:1263-5. PubMed
  19. Lagiou P, Wuu J, Trichopoulou A, et al. Diet and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study in Greece. Urology 1999;54:284-90. PubMed
  20. Ewing CI, Gibbs AC, Ashcroft C, David TJ. Failure of oral zinc supplementation in atopic eczema. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;45:507-10.
  21. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  22. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss. AREDS report no. 8. Arch Oph
  23. Greenberg JE, Lynn M, Kirsner RS, et al. Mucocutaneous pigmented macule as a result of zinc deposition. J Cutan Pathol 2002;29:613-5. PubMed
  24. Godfrey HR, Godfrey NJ, Godfrey JC, Riley D. A randomized clinical trial on the treatment of oral herpes with topical zinc oxide/glycine. Altern Ther Health Med 2001;7:49-56.
  25. Turner RB. Ineffectiveness of intranasal zinc gluconate for prevention of experimental rhinovirus colds. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:1865-70. PubMed
  26. Belongia EA, Berg R, Liu K. A randomized trial of zinc nasal spray for the treatment of upper respiratory illness in adults. Am J Med 2001;111:103-8. PubMed
  27. Mossad SB. Effect of zincum gluconicum nasal gel on the duration and symptom severity of the common cold in otherwise healthy adults. QJM 2003;96:35-43. DOI
  28. Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Wu K, et al. Zinc supplement use and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1004-7.. PubMed
  29. Jafek BW, Linschoten M, Murrow BW. Zicam Induced Anosmia. American Rhinologic Society 49th Annual Fall Scientific Meeting abstract. Orlando, Florida. September 20, 2003. http://app.american-rhinologic.org/programs/2003ARSFallProgram071503.pdf (Accessed 24
  30. Uebayashi H, Hatanaka T, Kanemura F, Tonosaki K. Acute anosmia in the mouse: behavioral discrimination among the four basic taste substances. Physiol Behav 2001;72:291-6.. PubMed
  31. Barrett S. Zicam Marketers Sued. United States District Court Western District of Michigan Southern Division, Filed October 14, 2003, Case No. 4:03CV0146.
  32. Bilici M, Yildirim F, Kandil S, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of zinc sulfate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004;28:181-90.. PubMed
  33. Polk RE, Healy DP, Sahai J, et al. Effect of ferrous sulfate and multivitamins with zinc on absorption of ciprofloxacin in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:1841-4. PubMed
  34. Mery C, Delrieu F, Ghozlan R, et al. Controlled trial of D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. Dose effect and the role of zinc. Scand J Rheumatol 1976;5:241-7. PubMed
  35. Penttila O, Hurme H, Neuvonen PJ. Effect of zinc sulfate on the absorption of tetracycline and doxycycline in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1975;9:131-4.
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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