Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 7 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Encharge Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Rivalus

Encharge label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Encharge against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Encharge is a dietary supplement by Rivalus with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for improving high-intensity exercise performance, building muscle strength and size, sports and athletic training.Based on those ingredients, 1,271 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Siberian Rhodiola rosea. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Encharge by Rivalus

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Encharge by Rivalus — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Encharge by Rivalus

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 7 active ingredients.
  • “MYOCHARGE(TM)” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (1,620 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “SiNERGY(TM)” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (600 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Encharge has 7 active ingredients. Five of them are creatine-based compounds: creatine monohydrate, creatine glutamine peptide, creatine leucine peptide, creatine isoleucine peptide, and creatine valine peptide.

The product also includes beta-alanine and Siberian Rhodiola rosea. The remaining ingredients are inactive fillers and capsule material (gelatin, magnesium stearate, silica, and microcrystalline cellulose).

The creatine compounds and beta-alanine are designed to support muscle strength and athletic performance. Rhodiola is included for its traditionally recognized adaptogenic role.

Each active ingredient serves a different purpose within the formula.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: strength and endurance enhancement during training.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle breakdown, Fatigue, Muscle breakdown, Muscle strength, Physical performance — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Creatine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Creatine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Muscle strength.
  • Also on file: Beta-alanine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance, Physical performance.

For muscle strength and athletic performance, the creatine compounds and beta-alanine are both rated possibly effective — meaning there's reasonable evidence they may help, but the studies aren't conclusive. Creatine compounds are also possibly effective for sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss) and cerebral creatine deficiency syndromes.

However, for Huntington disease and osteopenia (low bone density), creatine is rated possibly ineffective. Beta-alanine's evidence is mixed: it's possibly effective for athletic and physical performance but has insufficient evidence for cognitive function, age-related cognitive decline, COPD, or menopausal symptoms.

For Siberian Rhodiola rosea, the data we hold shows insufficient evidence to rate its effectiveness for altitude sickness, anxiety, arrhythmia, athletic performance, or bladder cancer.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Creatine Beta-alanine Rhodiola

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Creatine compounds are generally well tolerated in healthy adults, but the most common side effects are dehydration, diarrhea, gastrointestinal upset, muscle cramps, and water retention. Rare serious adverse effects have been reported in case studies, including kidney problems (interstitial nephritis, renal insufficiency) and muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis).

If you have kidney disease, creatine warrants caution. Beta-alanine commonly causes a harmless tingling sensation (paresthesia) and flushing, usually starting on the scalp within 20 minutes and lasting about an hour — this is dose-dependent and mild at lower doses.

Siberian Rhodiola rosea is generally well tolerated for short-term use, but long-term safety isn't well studied. It may cause dizziness, dry mouth, or excessive saliva.

Safety during pregnancy has not been established for any of these ingredients, so they're best avoided in pregnancy. The same applies to breastfeeding — there isn't enough information, so avoid use.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Creatine Beta-alanine Rhodiola

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 1 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Rhodiola.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,272 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before starting Encharge, double-check with your pharmacist if you take blood pressure medications (antihypertensive drugs), especially losartan; antidiabetes drugs; immunosuppressants; or any medication broken down by your liver's CYP2C9, CYP1A2, or CYP3A4 enzymes. The rhodiola in this product may affect how these drugs work.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Encharge is aimed at people seeking to boost muscle strength and athletic performance through creatine and beta-alanine. If you have kidney disease or take blood pressure, diabetes, or immunosuppressant medications, talk to your pharmacist or doctor before starting.

Expect possible tingling skin from beta-alanine and water retention from creatine. Do not use in pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 7 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 25, 2012.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Encharge, straight from the product label.

Brand Rivalus
Net contents 228 Sustained-Release Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 25, 2012
DSLD ID 14523
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Encharge by Rivalus, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
3 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
3 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
56
IngredientAmount% DV
Creatine Monohydrate0 NP--
Beta-Alanine0 NP--
Creatine Glutamine Peptide0 NP--
Creatine Leucine Peptide0 NP--
Creatine Isoleucine Peptide0 NP--
Creatine Valine Peptide0 NP--
Siberian Rhodiola rosea0 NP--
MYOCHARGE(TM)1620 mg--
SiNERGY(TM)600 mg--

Other ingredients: Gelatin, Magnesium Sterate, Silica, Microcrystalline Cellulose

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)

HYPERBOLIC FORMULA is the most powerful strength and endurance stack ever created. It is the ultimate combination of the two most powerful strength and endurance supplements available on the market today: ENCHARGE and HEMOXY. Our team of leading scientists tested the combination of ENCHARGE and HEMOXY and found incredible increases in core strength, functional skeletal muscle growth and athletic endurance. These changes were more than the significant gains noted when taking ENCHARGE or HEMOXY alone and can only be attributed to the synergistic effect of these unique formulae on muscle growth and plasma volume expansion.

ENCHARGE is a dietary supplement used by male and female athletes during training, competition and recovery to immediately enhance endogenous (natural) phosphocreatine levels in skeletal muscle. ENCHARGE makes creatine work “faster and bigger”. The SiNERGY complex makes creatine work faster enabling your nervous system and muscle cells to re-charge with high-energy compounds faster during and after exercise. The MYOCHARGE complex makes creatine work bigger because the unique creatine amino acid peptide molecules in ENCHARGE enhance muscle protein synthesis, strength and size.

powered by PERMEATE(TM) Delivery Technology 8× Greater Absorption & Effects

(C)2011 RIVALUS Inc.

Precautions

Warning: Consult a physician before using if you are unaware of your current health status, if you have a medical condition, or if you or your family has a medical history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, psychological disorders, hormonal abnormalities, or if you are taking any prescription drug.

This product is not intended for use by those with a serious medical condition or pregnant or lactating women.

Discontinue use two weeks prior to surgery. Do not exceed maximum daily dosage. Do not use if safety seal is broken. For adult use only.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

General Statements

ENCHARGE

“I recommend HYPERBOLIC FORMULA for creating functional gains in both strength and endurance fast!” RIVALUS CEO & Founder, Dr. Darren Burke

RIVALUS Sponsors Athletes and Supports Academic Research.

In a 8-week clinical trial subjects consuming HEMOXY and ENCHARGE and following a structured weight training program increased vascularity, athletic endurance, and increased muscle mass and strength significantly more than placebo group subjects.

NEW

OWN YOUR PERFORMANCE

MOST POWERFUL STACK EVER CREATED FOR FUNCTIONAL GAINS IN STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE

CLINICALLY TESTED

HYPERBOLIC FORMULA Study Reports Rapid Increase in Strength & Endurance In a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study fifteen male and fifteen female athletes consuming HYPERBOLIC FORMULA for 8 weeks and exercising regularly increased strength by up to 30% and endurance by up to 22% compared to changes of 12% and 9% respectively for placebo group subjects.

(bar graph) % INCREASE 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 STRENGTH (PLACEBO) 12% (HYPERBOLIC FORMULA) 30% ENDURANCE (PLACEBO) 9% (HYPERBOLIC FORMULA) 22%

HYPERBOLIC FORMULA was clinically tested on athletes to confirm that it maintains normal physiological function (Safe) while improving performance (Effective).

THIS PRODUCT WILL NOT CAUSE AN ADVERSE ANALYTICAL FINDING AS DEFINED BY THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE (IOC) OR WORLD ANTI-DOPING AGENCY (WADA).

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Recommended Use: Dr. Darren Burke (PhD) recommends 3 capsules in the morning and 3 capsules in the afternoon. On training days, take one of your servings 30-60 minutes before exercise. For best results use ENCHARGE every day and combine with resistance exercise 3-5 days per week.

Formula

DESIGNED FOR ATHLETES CONSISTENTLY TRAIN HARDER AND LONGER EXPLOSIVE NO PRODUCTION, STRENGTH AND ENERGY

FDA Statement of Identity

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Formulation

HYPERBOLIC FORMULA does not contain any substance banned by national college sports associations. It will not produce an Adverse Analytical Finding as defined by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) or the International Olympic Committee (IOC).

Seals/Symbols

SAFE(TM) Safe And Effective First(TM)

Good Manufacturing Practices GMP NNfA

Made in USA

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Encharge by Rivalus label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Encharge label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Encharge by Rivalus

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size3 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container56 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

SiNERGY(TM)

600 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin, Magnesium Sterate, Silica, Microcrystalline Cellulose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Encharge by Rivalus Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Encharge?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,271Drugs
624 Moderate 647 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Siberian Rhodiola rosea 1,271

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Encharge interact with 1,271 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 7 ingredients in Encharge interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Siberian Rhodiola rosea

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Encharge with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Siberian Rhodiola rosea10 drug types · 1,271 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking rhodiola with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
In vitro and animal research shows that rhodiola extract can decrease blood glucose due to alpha-glucosidase activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking rhodiola with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
In vitro and animal research shows that rhodiola extract inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and might lower blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, rhodiola might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that rhodiola inhibits CYP2C9. This effect is highly variable and appears to be dependent on the rhodiola product studied. Also, a clinical study in healthy young males found that taking rhodiola extract 290 mg daily for 14 days reduces the metabolism of losartan, a CYP2C9 substrate, by 21% after 4 hours.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, rhodiola use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
In vitro and animal research show that rhodiola has immunostimulatory effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Losartan (Cozaar)

Rhodiola might increase the levels and adverse effects of losartan.
A clinical study in healthy young males found that taking rhodiola extract 290 mg daily for 14 days reduces the metabolism of losartan, a CYP2C9 substrate, by 21% after 4 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, rhodiola might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that rhodiola inhibits P-glycoprotein. Theoretically, using rhodiola with P-glycoprotein substrates might increase drug levels and potentially increase the risk of adverse effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidepressant Drugs

Theoretically, rhodiola might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with antidepressants.
A review of adverse event reports in Poland identified cases of tachyarrhythmias, myalgia, arthralgia, gum pain, restless leg syndrome, swallowing disorders, and changes in consciousness when rhodiola was taken in combination with paroxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, sertraline, trazodone, and/or duloxetine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, rhodiola might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with CNS depressants.
A review of adverse event reports in Poland identified cases of excessive sedation, myoclonus, hypotension, and hallucinations when rhodiola was taken with haloperidol, diazepam, or alprazolam.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, rhodiola might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research shows that rhodiola inhibits CYP1A2. This effect is highly variable and appears to be dependent on the rhodiola product studied. However, a clinical study in healthy young males found that taking rhodiola extract 290 mg daily for 14 days does not inhibit the metabolism of caffeine, a CYP1A2 substrate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, rhodiola might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that rhodiola inhibits CYP3A4. This effect is highly variable and appears to be dependent on the rhodiola product studied. However, a clinical study in healthy young males found that taking rhodiola extract 290 mg daily for 14 days does not inhibit the metabolism of midazolam, a CYP3A4 substrate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Siberian Rhodiola rosea full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Encharge, from the product label.

Rivalus

See all Rivalus products
Name
RIVALUS Inc.
Street Address
1096 Queen St., Suite 189
City
Halifax
State
Nova Scotia
ZipCode
B3H 2R9
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Encharge by Rivalus: Common Questions

Does Encharge by Rivalus interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Encharge has a known interaction with 1,271 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Encharge contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What's the tingling sensation I've heard about with beta-alanine?
That's paresthesia — a harmless pins-and-needles feeling, usually on the scalp, that spreads across your body and lasts about an hour. It's dose-dependent: it starts within 20 minutes of taking it and happens in only about 25% of people at lower doses. It's not dangerous, just noticeable.
Can I take Encharge if I have kidney problems?
No — the creatine compounds in this product warrant caution if you have kidney disease. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist first, as creatine is filtered through your kidneys and case reports have raised concerns about kidney damage in susceptible people.
Is Encharge safe to take during pregnancy?
No — safety has not been established for any of the active ingredients during pregnancy, so it's best avoided. The same applies to breastfeeding. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice if you're pregnant or nursing.
Will Encharge help me build muscle?
The creatine compounds and beta-alanine are rated possibly effective for muscle strength and athletic performance, meaning there's reasonable evidence they may help, but it's not guaranteed. Results vary by person and depend on your training and nutrition too.
What's water retention, and will I get it from creatine?
Water retention (edema) is when your body holds onto extra fluid. Creatine can cause mild water retention. In one study of people with ALS taking 10 grams daily, 26% experienced edema after 2 months, compared to 9% on placebo, though the difference faded later. Stay well hydrated when taking creatine.
Are there any fillers in Encharge?
Yes — the inactive ingredients are gelatin, magnesium stearate, silica, and microcrystalline cellulose. These are standard capsule binders and flow agents, not active compounds.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Encharge label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Encharge’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Creatine

Creatine is one of the most studied sports supplements, with solid evidence that it can boost strength and performance during short, high-intensity activities like weightlifting and sprintin...

Read the full Creatine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Beta-alanine

Beta-alanine is an amino acid taken mostly by athletes to raise muscle carnosine, which may help buffer acid and reduce fatigue during short, high-intensity exercise. The evidence is moderat...

Read the full Beta-alanine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Rhodiola

Interacts with 1,271 drugs

Rhodiola is an herb traditionally used to fight fatigue and help the body cope with stress. Some small studies suggest it may modestly reduce fatigue and improve mood, but the evidence is li...

Read the full Rhodiola monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Encharge's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 112 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Creatine 86 references
  1. Koshy KM, Griswold E, Schneeberger EE. Interstitial nephritis in a patient taking creatine. N Engl J Med 1999;340:814-5. PubMed
  2. Vahedi K, Domingo V, Amarenco P, Bousser MG. Ischemic stroke in a sportsman who consumed MaHuang extract and creatine monohydrate for bodybuilding. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2000;68:112-3.
  3. Greenhaff P. Renal dysfunction accompanying oral creatine supplements. Lancet 1998;352:233-4. PubMed
  4. Vandenberghe K, Goris M, Van Hecke P, et al. Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training (abstract). J Appl Physiol 1997;83:2055-63. PubMed
  5. Hultman E, Soderlund K, Timmons JA, et al. Muscle creatine loading in men. J Appl Physiol 1996;81:232-7. PubMed
  6. Pritchard NR, Kalra PA. Renal dysfunction accompanying oral creatine supplements. Lancet 1998;351:1252-3. PubMed
  7. Poortmans JR, Auquier H, Renaut V, et al. Effect of short-term creatine supplementation on renal responses in men (abstract). Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1997;76:566-7. PubMed
  8. Poortmans JR, Francaux M. Long-term oral creatine supplementation does not impair renal function in healthy athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999;31:1108-10. PubMed
  9. Mihic S, MacDonald JR, McKenzie S, Tarnopolsky MA. Acute creatine loading increases fat-free mass, but does not affect blood pressure, plasma creatinine, or CK activity in men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32:291-6. PubMed
  10. Rawson ES, Wehnert ML, Clarkson PM. Effects of 30 days of creatine ingestion in older men. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1999;80:139-44. PubMed
  11. Earnest CP, Almada AL, Mitchell TL. High-performance capillary electrophoresis-pure creatine monohydrate reduces blood lipids in men and women. Clin Sci (Colch) 1996;91:113-8. PubMed
  12. Juhn MS. Oral creatine supplementation. Separating fact from hype. Phys Sportsmed 1999;27:47-50,53-54,56,61,89. PubMed
  13. Juhn MS, O'Kane JW, Vinci DM. Oral creatine supplementation in male collegiate athletes: a survey of dosing habits and side effects. J Am Diet Assoc 1999;99:593-5.
  14. Green AL, Hultman E, Macdonald IA, et al. Carbohydrate ingestion augments skeletal muscle creatine accumulation during creatine supplementation in humans. Am J Physiol 1996;271:E821-6. PubMed
  15. Balsom PD, Soderlund K, Sjodin B, Ekblom B. Skeletal muscle metabolism during short duration high-intensity exercise: influence of creatine supplementation. Acta Physiol Scand 1995;154:303-10. PubMed
  16. Snow RJ, McKenna MJ, Selig SE, et al. Effect of creatine supplementation on sprint exercise performance and muscle metabolism. (abstract) J Appl Physiol 1998;84:1667-73. PubMed
  17. McNaughton LR, Dalton B, Tarr J. The effects of creatine supplementation on high-intensity exercise performance in elite performers. (abstract) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1998;78:236-40. PubMed
  18. Groeneveld GJ, Veldink JH, van der Tweel I, et al. A randomized sequential trial of creatine in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2003;53:437-45. . PubMed
  19. Robinson SJ. Acute quadriceps compartment syndrome and rhabdomyolysis in a weight lifter using high-dose creatine supplementation. J Am Board Fam Pract 2000;13:134-7. PubMed
  20. Kammer RT. Lone atrial fibrillation associated with creatine monohydrate supplementation. Pharmacotherapy 2005;25:762-4. PubMed
  21. Gualano B, Ugrinowitsch C, Novaes RB, et al. Effects of creatine supplementation on renal function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008;103:33-40. PubMed
  22. Pfeffer, G., Majamaa, K., Turnbull, D. M., Thorburn, D., and Chinnery, P. F. Treatment for mitochondrial disorders. Cochrane Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;4:CD004426. PubMed
  23. Boos, C. J., White, S. H., Bland, S. A., and McAllister, P. D. Dietary supplements and military operations: caution is advised. J R.Army Med Corps 2010;156(1):41-43. PubMed
  24. Kreider, R. B. Dietary supplements and the promotion of muscle growth with resistance exercise. Sports Med 1999;27(2):97-110. PubMed
  25. Juhn, M. S., O'Kane, J. W., and Vinci, D. M. Oral creatine supplementation in male collegiate athletes: a survey of dosing habits and side effects. J Am.Diet.Assoc 1999;99(5):593-595.
  26. Volek, J. S., Duncan, N. D., Mazzetti, S. A., Putukian, M., Gomez, A. L., and Kraemer, W. J. No effect of heavy resistance training and creatine supplementation on blood lipids. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2000;10(2):144-156. PubMed
  27. Robinson, T. M., Sewell, D. A., Casey, A., Steenge, G., and Greenhaff, P. L. Dietary creatine supplementation does not affect some haematological indices, or indices of muscle damage and hepatic and renal function. Br.J Sports Med 2000;34(4):284-288. PubMed
  28. Tarnopolsky, M. A. Potential benefits of creatine monohydrate supplementation in the elderly. Curr.Opin.Clin Nutr.Metab Care 2000;3(6):497-502. PubMed
  29. Tarnopolsky, M. A. and MacLennan, D. P. Creatine monohydrate supplementation enhances high-intensity exercise performance in males and females. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2000;10(4):452-463. PubMed
  30. Arciero, P. J., Hannibal, N. S., III, Nindl, B. C., Gentile, C. L., Hamed, J., and Vukovich, M. D. Comparison of creatine ingestion and resistance training on energy expenditure and limb blood flow. Metabolism 2001;50(12):1429-1434. PubMed
  31. Chrusch, M. J., Chilibeck, P. D., Chad, K. E., Davison, K. S., and Burke, D. G. Creatine supplementation combined with resistance training in older men. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. 2001;33(12):2111-2117. PubMed
  32. Cox, G., Mujika, I., Tumilty, D., and Burke, L. Acute creatine supplementation and performance during a field test simulating match play in elite female soccer players. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2002;12(1):33-46. PubMed
  33. Kilduff, L. P., Vidakovic, P., Cooney, G., Twycross-Lewis, R., Amuna, P., Parker, M., Paul, L., and Pitsiladis, Y. P. Effects of creatine on isometric bench-press performance in resistance-trained humans. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. 2002;34(7):1176-1183. PubMed
  34. Brose, A., Parise, G., and Tarnopolsky, M. A. Creatine supplementation enhances isometric strength and body composition improvements following strength exercise training in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol.Sci.Med Sci. 2003;58(1):11-19. PubMed
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