Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

EstroDIM Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Ortho Molecular Products

EstroDIM label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking EstroDIM against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

EstroDIM is a dietary supplement by Ortho Molecular Products with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for general antioxidant support, skin and hair care, heart health.Based on those ingredients, 904 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Vitamin E, I3C, DIM. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against EstroDIM by Ortho Molecular Products

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with EstroDIM by Ortho Molecular Products — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of EstroDIM by Ortho Molecular Products

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 30, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

EstroDIM contains three active ingredients in each capsule: vitamin E (a fat-soluble antioxidant), DIM or diindolylmethane (a compound found in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cabbage), and I3C or indole-3-carbinol (another compound from the same vegetable family). The remaining ingredients are inactive—vegetable capsule material, microcrystalline cellulose (a binder), magnesium stearate, calcium silicate, stearic acid, and silicon dioxide (all common fillers and flow agents).

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Estrogen and hormone balance support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Breast cancer, Cervical dysplasia, Fibrocystic breast disease, Mastalgia, Menopausal symptoms, Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Vitamin E is rated "Possibly Effective" for Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Vitamin E is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Breast cancer-related hot flashes.
  • Also on file: Vitamin E is rated "Likely Ineffective" for Breast cancer, Fibrocystic breast disease.

For vitamin E, the data shows it's effective for treating vitamin E deficiency and a rare inherited condition called AVED (ataxia with vitamin E deficiency). It's possibly effective for Alzheimer disease, beta-thalassemia, G6PD deficiency, and intracranial hemorrhage.

For DIM and I3C, the evidence we hold is insufficient to rate them for any condition—that means we don't have enough reliable data to say whether they work for breast cancer, uterine or cervical cancer, benign prostate enlargement, mastalgia (breast pain), colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, liver disease, or fibromyalgia.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin E Diindolylmethane Indole-3-carbinol

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Vitamin E from food and usual supplement doses is generally well tolerated, but high-dose long-term use can raise the risk of bleeding and other harms; there's some concern about increased hemorrhagic stroke risk with synthetic vitamin E in long-term use, though not all studies agree. DIM is generally well tolerated in short-term studies, but long-term safety isn't established; common side effects include diarrhea, gas, headache, nausea, rash, and vomiting.

I3C is also generally well tolerated, with similar gastrointestinal side effects (diarrhea, nausea, imbalance, tremor) reported, especially at higher doses. Both DIM and I3C have hormone effects that warrant caution, and neither has reliable safety data for breastfeeding.

For pregnancy, vitamin E in amounts from food and prenatal vitamins is appropriate, but avoid high-dose supplements unless your doctor directs otherwise; DIM safety data is insufficient, so talk with your doctor or pharmacist about use during pregnancy.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin E Diindolylmethane Indole-3-carbinol

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Vitamin E, Indole-3-carbinol, Diindolylmethane.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; cancer treatments.
  • For scale: 905 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking EstroDIM, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you're on blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel, and others)—vitamin E, DIM, and I3C all increase bleeding risk. If you're on estrogen therapy or birth control, DIM and I3C may interfere with those.

If you take chemotherapy drugs (especially alkylating agents or antitumor antibiotics), cyclosporine, niacin, certain diuretics, or drugs processed by CYP3A4 or CYP1A2 liver enzymes, check your specific medications first.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

EstroDIM's three ingredients have a lot of medication interactions—particularly with blood thinners, estrogen therapy, certain cancer drugs, and some liver enzymes that process medications. If you take any prescription drugs, especially anticoagulants, hormone therapy, or chemotherapy, check your exact medications with the tool on this page before starting.

Talk it over with your own doctor or pharmacist to make sure this product is right for you.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Apr 25, 2018.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about EstroDIM, straight from the product label.

Brand Ortho Molecular Products
Barcode (UPC) 615033006303
Net contents 30 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Apr 25, 2018
DSLD ID 174754
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for EstroDIM by Ortho Molecular Products, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
615033006303
IngredientAmount% DV
Vitamin E50 IU167%
DIM100 mg--
I3C200 mg--

Other ingredients: natural Vegetable Capsules, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Calcium Silicate, Stearic Acid, Silicon Dioxide

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: 1 capsule per day or as recommended by your health care professional.

Formulation

Formulated To Be Free Of Allergens Derived From: Gluten, corn, yeast, artificial colors and flavors.

Precautions

Do not consume this product if you are pregnant or nursing. Consult your physician for further information.

As with all dietary supplements, some individuals may not tolerate or may be allergic to the ingredients used. Please read the ingredient panel carefully prior to ingestion. Cease taking this product and consult your physician if you have negative reactions upon ingestion.

Keep out of reach of children.

This product was sealed for your protection. Do not use if outer logoed neck seal or inner-seal is missing or damaged.

Do not accept if label shows signs of tampering

Storage

Keep container tightly closed. Store at room temperature.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

General

Product #630030 Label ID L-OMP100-630030-K V2

Seals/Symbols

Vcaps

General Statements

Learn more

Endocrine health

Professional Strength: Not for sale through Amazon.com

Brand IP Statement(s)

VitaSecure

Because efficacy matters

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

EstroDIM by Ortho Molecular Products label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

EstroDIM label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in EstroDIM by Ortho Molecular Products

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Vitamin E

Interacts with
764 drugs
50 IU per serving Form: D-Alpha-Tocopherol Succinate

Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that most people get in adequate amounts from a normal diet. Supplements can help correc...

Vitamin E monograph & interactions

DIM

Interacts with
269 drugs
100 mg per serving

Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a compound made when your body digests cruciferous vegetables, and it is sold as a supplement mainly for hormone balance and...

DIM monograph & interactions

I3C

Interacts with
294 drugs
200 mg per serving

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a compound formed when you eat cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cabbage, and it is sold as a supplement mainly for...

I3C monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Natural Vegetable Capsules, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Calcium Silicate, Stearic Acid, Silicon Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

EstroDIM by Ortho Molecular Products Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against EstroDIM?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
904Drugs
903 Moderate 1 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Vitamin E 764
I3C 294
DIM 269

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in EstroDIM interact with 904 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 3 ingredients in EstroDIM interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Vitamin E I3C DIM

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in EstroDIM with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Vitamin E8 drug types · 764 drugs

Alkylating Agents

Theoretically, antioxidant effects of vitamin E might reduce the effectiveness of alkylating agents.
There's concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs which generate free radicals, such as cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, carmustine, busulfan, and thiotepa. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin E have on chemotherapy. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using vitamin E supplements, especially in high doses.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Vitamin E seems to inhibit of platelet aggregation and antagonize the effects of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. These effects appear to be dose-dependent, and are probably only likely to be clinically significant with doses of at least 800 units daily. Mixed tocopherols, such as those found in food, might have a greater antiplatelet effect than alpha-tocopherol. RRR alpha-tocopherol (natural vitamin E) 1000 IU daily antagonizes vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Advise patients to avoid high doses of vitamin E, especially in people with low vitamin K intake or other risk factors for bleeding.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antitumor Antibiotics

Theoretically, antioxidant effects of vitamin E might reduce the effectiveness of antitumor antibiotics.
There's concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of antitumor antibiotic drugs such as doxorubicin, which generate free radicals. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin E have on chemotherapy involving antitumor antibiotics. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using vitamin E supplements, especially in high doses.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

A specific form of vitamin E might increase absorption and levels of cyclosporine.
There is some evidence that one specific formulation of vitamin E (D-alpha-tocopheryl-polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate, TPGS, tocophersolan, Liqui-E) might increase absorption of cyclosporine. This vitamin E formulation forms micelles which seems to increase absorption of cyclosporine by 40% to 72% in some patients. However, this interaction is unlikely to occur with the usual forms of vitamin E.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Vitamin E appears to bind with the nuclear receptor, pregnane X receptor (PXR), which results in increased expression of CYP3A4. Although the clinical significance of this is not known, use caution when considering concomitant use of vitamin E and other drugs affected by these enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Selumetinib (Koselugo)

Taking selumetinib with vitamin E can result in a total daily dose of vitamin E that exceeds safe limits and therefore might increase the risk of bleeding.
Selumetinib contains 48-54 IU vitamin E per capsule. The increased risk of bleeding with vitamin E appears to be dose-dependent. Be cautious when using selumetinib in combination with supplemental vitamin E, especially in patients at higher risk of bleed, such as those with chronic conditions and those taking antiplatelet drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Using vitamin E with warfarin might increase the risk of bleeding.
Due to interference with production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, use of more than 400 IU of vitamin E daily with warfarin might increase prothrombin time (PT), INR, and the risk of bleeding,. At a dose of 1000 IU per day, vitamin E can antagonize vitamin K-dependent clotting factors even in people not taking warfarin. Limited clinical evidence suggests that doses up to 1200 IU daily may be used safely by patients taking warfarin, but this may not be applicable in all patient populations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Niacin

Vitamin E might decrease the beneficial effects of niacin on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.
A combination of niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) effectively raises high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in people with coronary disease and low HDL levels. Clinical research shows that taking a combination of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and selenium) along with niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) attenuates this rise in HDL, specifically the HDL-2 and apolipoprotein A1 fractions, by more than 50%. Vitamin E alone combined with a statin does not seem to decrease HDL levels. It is not known whether the adverse effect on HDL is due to one of the other antioxidants or to the combination. It also is not known whether it will occur in other patient populations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Vitamin E full monograph & interactions

I3C3 drug types · 294 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, indole-3-carbinol might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
In vitro research shows that indole-3-carbinol inhibits platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, indole-3-carbinol might increase the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates and lower serum concentrations.
Animal research shows that indole-3-carbinol induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Indole-3-carbinol might interfere with the effects of estrogen therapy.
Preliminary clinical and in vitro evidence shows that indole-3-carbinol has antiestrogenic activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
I3C full monograph & interactions

DIM3 drug types · 269 drugs

Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, diindolylmethane might increase the risk of hyponatremia if used with sodium-depleting diuretics.
Large doses of diindolylmethane (600 mg daily) have been associated with two cases of asymptomatic hyponatremia in clinical research.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Estrogens

Theoretically, diindolylmethane might increase or decrease the effects of estrogens.
Diindolylmethane might have mild estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, large amounts of diindolylmethane might interfere with hormone replacement therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, diindolylmethane might lower serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro evidence suggests that diindolylmethane can induce CYP1A2. Theoretically, it might increase metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates and lower serum concentrations. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
DIM full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for EstroDIM, from the product label.

Ortho Molecular Products

See all Ortho Molecular Products products
Name
Ortho Molecular Products, Inc.
Street Address
1991 Duncan Place
City
Woodstock
State
IL
ZipCode
60098
Web Address
OrthoMolecularProducts.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

EstroDIM by Ortho Molecular Products: Common Questions

Does EstroDIM by Ortho Molecular Products interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, EstroDIM has a known interaction with 904 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
EstroDIM contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is it safe to take EstroDIM while pregnant?
Vitamin E in amounts from food and prenatal vitamins is fine, but avoid high-dose supplements unless your doctor says otherwise. DIM's safety in pregnancy isn't well established—there isn't enough data to know either way—so talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using it while pregnant.
Can I take this while breastfeeding?
Vitamin E at normal dietary amounts is likely safe while breastfeeding. DIM safety data in breastfeeding isn't clear—talk with your doctor or pharmacist. I3C isn't recommended during breastfeeding because safety hasn't been established.
What are the most common side effects of EstroDIM?
DIM and I3C can both cause diarrhea, gas, headache, nausea, and rash. I3C may also cause imbalance, tremor, and unsteadiness, especially at higher doses. Vitamin E is generally well tolerated, but high doses increase the risk of bleeding.
Does EstroDIM actually work for anything?
Vitamin E is proven effective for vitamin E deficiency and a rare inherited form of ataxia (AVED). It's possibly effective for Alzheimer disease and a few other conditions. For DIM and I3C, we don't have enough reliable evidence to say whether they work for breast cancer, cervical dysplasia, or other conditions they're marketed for.
Is there a specific form of vitamin E in this product that I should know about?
The product facts don't specify which form of vitamin E is used. If you're concerned—especially about the interaction with cyclosporine or about bleeding risk—ask the manufacturer or your pharmacist which form it is.
Why do I see so many medication interactions listed?
Vitamin E, DIM, and I3C all affect how your body metabolizes or uses other drugs, or they can increase bleeding risk when combined with blood thinners. The ingredients also have hormone-like effects that may interfere with estrogen therapy. That's why the total count is high—it reflects the breadth of drugs each ingredient can theoretically affect.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

EstroDIM label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind EstroDIM’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin E

Interacts with 764 drugs

Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that most people get in adequate amounts from a normal diet. Supplements can help correct a true deficiency, but high-dose vitam...

Read the full Vitamin E monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Diindolylmethane

Interacts with 269 drugs

Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a compound made when your body digests cruciferous vegetables, and it is sold as a supplement mainly for hormone balance and cancer prevention. Although early lab s...

Read the full Diindolylmethane monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Indole-3-carbinol

Interacts with 294 drugs

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a compound formed when you eat cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cabbage, and it is sold as a supplement mainly for hormone-related and cell-protective effe...

Read the full Indole-3-carbinol monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

EstroDIM's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 87 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Vitamin E 64 references
  1. Kim JM, White RH. Effect of vitamin E on the anticoagulant response to warfarin. Am J Cardiol 1996;77:545-6. PubMed
  2. Corrigan JJ Jr. The effect of vitamin E on warfarin-induced vitamin K deficiency. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1982;393:361-8. PubMed
  3. Corrigan JJ Jr. Coagulation problems relating to vitamin E. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1979;1:169-73.
  4. Corrigan JJ Jr, Marcus FI. Coagulopathy associated with vitamin E ingestion. JAMA 1974;230:1300-1. DOI
  5. Labriola D, Livingston R. Possible interactions between dietary antioxidants and chemotherapy. Oncology 1999;13:1003-8.
  6. Chang T, Benet LZ, Hebert MF. The effect of water-soluble vitamin E on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996;59:297-303. PubMed
  7. Pan SH, Lopez RR Jr, Sher LS, et al. Enhanced oral cyclosporine absorption with water-soluble vitamin E early after liver transplantation. Pharmacother 1996;16:59-65. DOI
  8. Anon. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Soprawivenza nell'Infarto miocardico. Lancet 1999;354:447-55. DOI
  9. Chappell LC, Seed PT, Briley AL, et al. Effect of antioxidants on the occurrence of pre-eclampsia in women at increased risk: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999;354:810-6. DOI
  10. Yusuf S, Dagenais G, Pogue J, et al. Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The heart outcomes prevention evaluation study investigators. N Engl J Med 2000;342:154-60. PubMed
  11. Stephens NG, Parsons A, Schofield PM, et al. Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study. Lancet 1996;347:781-6.
  12. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1029-35. PubMed
  13. Takahashi O. Haemorrhagic toxicity of a large dose of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols, ubiquinone, beta-carotene, retinol acetate and L-ascorbic acid in the rat. Food Chem Toxicol 1995;33:121-8.
  14. Briggs GB, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998.
  15. Sano M, Ernesto C, Thomas RG, et al. A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1216-22. PubMed
  16. Liede KE, Haukka JK, Saxen LM, Heinonen OP. Increased tendency towards gingival bleeding caused by joint effect of alpha-tocopherol supplementation and acetylsalicylic acid. Ann Med 1998;30:542-6.
  17. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/books/0309069351/html/.
  18. Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1583-93. DOI
  19. Liu M, Wallmon A, Olsson-Mortlock C, et al. Mixed tocopherols inhibit platelet aggregation in humans: potential mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:700-6. PubMed
  20. Sokol RJ, Johnson KE, Karrer FM, et al. Improvement of cyclosporin absorption in children after liver transplantation by means of water-soluble vitamin E. Lancet 1991;338:212-4.. PubMed
  21. Stein JH, Carlsson CM, Papcke-Benson K, et al. The effects of lipid-lowering and antioxidant vitamin therapies on flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery in older adults with hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:1806-13.. PubMed
  22. Carlsson CM, Papcke-Benson K, Carnes M, et al. Health-related quality of life and long-term therapy with pravastatin and tocopherol (vitamin E) in older adults. Drugs Aging 2002;19:793-805. . PubMed
  23. Cheung MC, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Antioxidant supplements block the response of HDL to simvastatin-niacin therapy in patients with coronary artery disease and low HDL. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001;21:1320-6. PubMed
  24. Schrogie JJ. Coagulopathy and fat-soluble vitamins (letter). JAMA 1975;232:19. DOI
  25. Celestini A, Pulcinelli FM, Pignatelli P, et al. Vitamin E potentiates the antiplatelet activity of aspirin in collagen-stimulated platelets. Haematologica 2002;87:420-6.
  26. Stampfer MJ, Jakubowski JA, Faigel D, et al. Vitamin E supplementation effect on human platelet function, arachidonic acid metabolism, and plasma prostacyclin levels. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;47:700-6. PubMed
  27. Jandak J, Steiner M, Richardson PD. Alpha-tocopherol, an effective inhibitor of platelet adhesion. Blood 1989;73:141-9. DOI
  28. Freedman JE, Farhat JH, Loscalzo J, Keaney JF. Alpha-tocopherol inhibits aggregation of human platelets by a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism. Circulation 1996;94:2434-40. PubMed
  29. Steiner M. Vitamin E, a modifier of platelet function: rationale and use in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Nutr Rev 1999;57:306-9. PubMed
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Diindolylmethane 14 references
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