Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Schiff MegaRed

Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Fat/fatty Acid
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil is a dietary supplement by Schiff MegaRed with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for heart and cholesterol support, high triglycerides, joint pain and inflammation.Based on those ingredients, 976 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Krill Oil. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil by Schiff MegaRed

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil by Schiff MegaRed — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil by Schiff MegaRed

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 30, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Krill Oil” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (500 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Omega-3 Fatty Acids” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (115 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This product delivers 4 active ingredients: krill oil, omega-3 fatty acids (which break down into eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), phospholipids, and astaxanthin. The krill oil and omega-3 fatty acids are the main components; astaxanthin is a carotenoid (a natural pigment) found in krill that acts as an antioxidant.

The inactive ingredients — gelatin, glycerin, ethyl vanillin, water, and sorbitol — are the capsule shell and preservatives that help hold the supplement together.

Does it work?

Insufficient evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Insufficient

There isn't enough reliable clinical evidence to rate this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: reduce risk of coronary heart disease.
  • We looked for evidence on: Coronary heart disease (CHD), Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Hyperlipidemia, Hypertriglyceridemia, Heart failure, Atrial fibrillation — and 2 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Astaxanthin is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Heart failure (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Astaxanthin is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Hyperlipidemia.

The evidence for astaxanthin's effectiveness isn't established in our data. For age-related cognitive decline, age-related macular degeneration, aging skin, Alzheimer disease, athletic performance, and carpal tunnel syndrome — all conditions people sometimes take astaxanthin for — the reliable evidence to rate it is insufficient.

We don't have effectiveness ratings for the omega-3 fatty acids in this product on file.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Krill Oil Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) Astaxanthin

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 1 of the 1 matched ingredient.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 1 of 1.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 1 of 1.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Astaxanthin is generally well tolerated, though long-term safety data are limited. The most common side effects from astaxanthin are abdominal pain, diarrhea, and red-colored stools — these occurred in a small number of trial participants at standard doses, and one higher dose caused severe stomach pain in two people.

There isn't enough safety data to know whether astaxanthin is safe in pregnancy or while breastfeeding, so the safety data advises against use during these times. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you if you're pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or nursing.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Krill Oil Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) Astaxanthin

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 1 of the 1 matched ingredient can interact with medications — Astaxanthin.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • For scale: 672 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check before taking this product if you use any medications metabolized by CYP3A4 enzymes (a very large group including many statins, blood pressure drugs, and immunosuppressants) or CYP2B6 substrates (including certain antiretrovirals and cancer drugs). While these interactions haven't been seen in humans yet, the lab data suggests astaxanthin may lower the levels of these drugs.

Talk to your doctor or pharmacist with your medication list to be sure.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with insufficient evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you're looking to add omega-3s and you don't take medications that rely on liver enzymes CYP3A4 or CYP2B6, this product is generally well tolerated. But if you take any prescription drugs, check with your doctor or pharmacist first — the astaxanthin in this krill oil may theoretically slow how your liver processes certain medications.

We don't have established evidence it works for any specific condition, so know what you're taking it for before you start.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 1 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 22, 2016.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil, straight from the product label.

Brand Schiff MegaRed
Barcode (UPC) 020525104519
Net contents 80 Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 22, 2016
DSLD ID 65315
Product type Fat/fatty Acid
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Qualified Health, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil by Schiff MegaRed, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
UPC/BARCODE
020525104519
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories5 Calorie(s)--
Krill Oil500 mg--
Calories from Fat5 Calorie(s)--
Omega-3 Fatty Acids115 mg--
Eicosapentaenoic Acid64 mg--
Docosahexaenoic Acid30 mg--
Total Fat0.5 Gram(s)1%
Phospholipids167 mg--
Astaxanthin25 mcg--

Other ingredients: Gelatin, Glycerin, Ethyl Vanillin, Water, Sorbitol

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Just 1 small softgel per day

One per day

Directions: As a dietary supplement, take one (1) softgel daily.

General Statements

No fishy odor or aftertaste

Actual size

Research has shown that omega-3s may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.

Compare to fish oil

Eco-Friendly. Krill is one of earth’s most abundant and sustainable organisms. The harvest of krill is well below conservative international catch guidelines.

This product comes from a fishery that has been independently certified to the MSC’s standard for a well-managed and sustainable fishery. www.msc.org

1 Based on a 30 day randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial measuring the effect of 300 mg krill oil on CRP levels. 2 Based on 15 randomized controlled trials assessing the impact of omega-3 fatty acid intake on serum triglyceride levels. 3 Proprietary controlled human clinical study of 300 mg MegaRed for improving Omega-3 Index.

Supportive, but not conclusive research shows that consumption of EPA and DHA Omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.

Already within the normal range.

C-SCS-0123

MegaRed Omega-3 Krill oil is carried in phospholipid form so it is easily recognized and utilized by your body, giving easy absorption.

Compare to fish oil MegaRed softgel Fish Oil softgel 100% pure Antarctic Krill oil check Contains Omega-3 Fatty acids check check Just one small softgel per day check No fishy aftertaste check In phospholipid form for easy absorption check Contains powerful antioxidant astaxanthin check

Since 1936

To open tear here

Formula

100% pure Krill Oil

MegaRed contains oil from 100% pure Antarctic krill, tiny crustaceans that thrive in the frigid waters of the Antarctic. Just one small MegaRed softgel provides an optimal combination of omega-3 fatty acids and the powerful antioxidant astaxanthin to support heart health.

Made with Superba Krill Oil

MegaRed Omega-3 Krill Oil contains ingredients to support three markers of cardiovascular health: C-reactive Protein (CRP): An important marker of systemic inflammation1 Triglycerides: A type of fat measured in the blood2 Omega-3 index: The amount of omega-3 fatty acids EPA DHA in blood cells3

Contains shellfish (krill)

Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Brand IP Statement(s)

Just one small pill with no fishy aftertaste, that’s why MegaRed Omega-3 Krill Oil is the superior choice.

Schiff MegaRed goes a step further by only sourcing krill from the Antarctic where krill is most abundant. This helps the ecosystem maintain a healthy, sustainable krill population.

Superba is a registered trademark of the Aker Group.

2014 RB

Schiff SURE DISSOLVE softgels are formulated to disintegrate within one hour.

Seals/Symbols

Certified sustainable seafood MSC www.msc.org

Precautions

WARNING: People with shellfish allergy, coagulopathy or taking anticoagulants or other medications should notify their physician and be tested prior to taking dietary supplements.

WARNING: People with shellfish allergy, coagulopathy or taking anticoagulants or other medications should notify their physician and be tested prior to taking dietary supplements. NOTE: If pregnant, lactating or on prescribed medication, consult your physician before using this product.

Keep out of reach of children.

Contains shellfish (krill)

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place with lid tightly closed.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

General

8109099

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil by Schiff MegaRed label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil by Schiff MegaRed

This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Amounts shown are per serving.

Krill Oil

Interacts with
208 drugs
500 mg per serving

Krill oil is a source of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) bound to phospholipids, which may help absorption. It is most studied for lowering triglyce...

Krill Oil monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin, Glycerin, Ethyl Vanillin, Water, Sorbitol. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil by Schiff MegaRed Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
976Drugs
976 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Krill Oil 208

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil interact with 976 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 1 ingredient in Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Krill Oil

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Krill Oil2 drug types · 208 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, krill oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Taking high doses of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil can modestly decrease platelet aggregation. Since krill oil also contains these fatty acids, taking high doses of krill oil might also inhibit platelet aggregation. Theoretically, taking high doses of krill oil with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bleeding. However, the omega-3 content of krill oil is much lower than that of fish oil.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking krill oil with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some research in animals and humans shows that krill oil might lower blood glucose levels. However, a small study shows that taking krill oil does not reduce blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, most of whom were taking antidiabetes drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Krill Oil full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil, from the product label.

Schiff MegaRed

See all Schiff MegaRed products
Name
Reckitt Benckiser
City
Parsippany
State
NJ
ZipCode
07054-0224
Phone Number
1-800-526-6251
Web Address
www.schiffmegared.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil by Schiff MegaRed: Common Questions

Does Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil by Schiff MegaRed interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil has a known interaction with 976 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil contains a single active ingredient, and that one ingredient can interact with many different medications on its own. We check it against each medication and show the mechanism responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this while I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
There isn't enough safety data on astaxanthin — the carotenoid in this krill oil — to know whether it's safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding. The safety data advises against use in both cases. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking it if you're pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or nursing.
What are the most common side effects?
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and red-colored stools are the most common effects reported in trials. These occurred in a small number of people. A higher dose caused severe stomach pain in two patients, so stick to the label dose.
Does this krill oil actually work for anything?
We don't have reliable evidence on file to establish whether astaxanthin — the active ingredient unique to this product — works for age-related cognitive decline, macular degeneration, aging skin, Alzheimer disease, athletic performance, or carpal tunnel syndrome. Talk to your doctor about what you're hoping it will do for you.
Why can't you check all the ingredients for interactions?
We don't hold interaction data for eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and phospholipids — the other active components in this product. That doesn't mean they don't interact with medications; it means we haven't been able to assess them yet. Your pharmacist can help you dig deeper if you're concerned.
What's astaxanthin doing in a krill oil supplement?
Astaxanthin is a natural pigment (carotenoid) found in krill. It acts as an antioxidant — a compound that may help protect your cells from damage — though we don't have solid evidence it works for any specific health condition.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil is safe with your meds?

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Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Krill Oil

Interacts with 208 drugs

Krill oil is a source of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) bound to phospholipids, which may help absorption. It is most studied for lowering triglycerides and supporting heart health, but t...

Read the full Krill Oil monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha)

Interacts with 375 drugs

DHA is an omega-3 fatty acid found in fatty fish and algae that is a building block for the brain, nervous system, and eyes. It is widely used and generally well tolerated, with the stronges...

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Astaxanthin

Interacts with 671 drugs

Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise benefits. Early human studies are promis...

Read the full Astaxanthin monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Extra Strength 500 mg Omega-3 Krill Oil's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 65 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Krill Oil 13 references
  1. Leaf A. On the reanalysis of the GISSI-Prevenzione. Circulation 2002;105:1874-5. PubMed
  2. Connor WE. n-3 Fatty acids from fish and fish oil: panacea or nostrum? Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74;415-6. PubMed
  3. Calder PC. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation and immunity: pouring oil on troubled waters or another fishy tale? Nutr Res 2001;21:309-41. DOI
  4. Bunea R, El Farrah K, Deutsch L. Evaluation of the effects of Neptune Krill Oil on the clinical course of hyperlipidemia. Altern Med Rev 2004;9:420-8.
  5. Sampalis F, Bunea R, Pelland MF, et al. Evaluation of the effects of Neptune Krill Oil on the management of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea. Altern Med Rev 2003;8:171-9.
  6. Harris WS, Miller M, Tighe AP, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk: clinical and mechanistic perspectives. Atherosclerosis 2008;197:12-24. PubMed
  7. Tandy S, Chung RW, Wat E, et al. Dietary krill oil supplementation reduces hepatic steatosis, glycemia, and hypercholesterolemia in high-fat-fed mice. J Agric Food Chem 10-14-2009;57:9339-45. PubMed
  8. Maki, K. C., Reeves, M. S., Farmer, M., Griinari, M., Berge, K., Vik, H., Hubacher, R., and Rains, T. M. Krill oil supplementation increases plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in overweight and obese men and women. Nutr.R PubMed
  9. Albert BB, Derraik JG, Brennan CM, et al. Supplementation with a blend of krill and salmon oil is associated with increased metabolic risk in overweight men. Am J Clin Nutr 2015;102(1):49-57.
  10. Berge K, Musa-Veloso K, Harwood M, Hoem N, Burri L. Krill oil supplementation lowers serum triglycerides without increasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults with borderline high or high triglyceride levels. Nutr Res 2014;34(2):126-33. PubMed
  11. Lobraico JM, DiLello LC, Butler AD, Cordisco ME, Petrini JR, Ahmadi R. Effects of krill oil on endothelial function and other cardiovascular risk factors in participants with type 2 diabetes, a randomized controlled trial. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2015 PubMed
  12. van der Wurff ISM, von Schacky C, Bergeland T, Zeegers MP, Kirschner PA, de Groot RHM. Krill oil supplementation's effect on school grades in typically developing adolescents. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023;191:102553. PubMed
  13. van der Wurff ISM, von Schacky C, Bergeland T, et al. Effect of 1 year krill oil supplementation on cognitive achievement of Dutch adolescents: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 2019;11(6):1230. PubMed

See these in context on the Krill Oil monograph →

Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) 49 references
  1. Akedo I, Ishikawa H, Nakamura T, et al. Three cases with familial adenomatous polyposis diagnosed as having malignant lesions in the course of a long-term trial using docosahexanoic acid (DHA)-concentrated fish oil capsules (abstract). Jpn J Clin Oncol PubMed
  2. Prisco D, Paniccia R, Bandinelli B, et al. Effect of medium-term supplementation with a moderate dose of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood pressure in mild hypertensive patients. Thromb Res 1998;1:105-12.
  3. Grimsgaard S, Bonaa KH, Hansen JB, Nordoy A. Highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in humans have similar triacylglycerol-lowering effects but divergent effects on serum fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:649-59.
  4. Toft I, Bonaa KH, Ingebretsen OC, et al. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on glucose homeostasis and blood pressure in essential hypertension. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:911-8.
  5. Sacks FM, Hebert P, Appel LJ, et al. Short report: the effect of fish oil on blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in phase I of the trials of hypertension prevention. J Hypertens 1994;12:209-13.
  6. Vandongen R, Mori TA, Burke V, et al. Effects on blood pressure of omega 3 fats in subjects at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension 1993;22:371-9. PubMed
  7. FDA. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Letter regarding dietary supplement health claim for omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/95s0316/95s-0316-Rpt0272-38-Appendix-D-Reference
  8. Pedersen HS, Mulvad G, Seidelin KN, et al. N-3 fatty acids as a risk factor for haemorrhagic stroke. Lancet 1999;353:812-3. PubMed
  9. Ito Y, Suzuki K, Imai H, et al. Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on atrophic gastritis in a Japanese population. Cancer Lett 2001;163:171-8. PubMed
  10. Kris-Ehterton PM, Harris WS, Appel LJ, et al. Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2002;106:2747-57. PubMed
  11. Woodman RJ, Mori TA, Burke V, et al. Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on glycemic control, blood pressure, and serum lipids in type 2 diabetic patients with treated hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:1007-15.. PubMed
  12. Marangell LB, Martinez JM, Zboyan HA, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in the treatment of major depression. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:996-8.. PubMed
  13. Leng GC, Smith FB, Fowkes FG, et al. Relationship between plasma essential fatty acids and smoking, serum lipids, blood pressure and haemostatic and rheological factors. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994;51:101-8. PubMed
  14. Nelson GJ, Schmidt PS, Bartolini GL, et al. The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition, and blood coagulation in humans. Lipids 1997;32:1129-36. PubMed
  15. Wheaton DH, Hoffman DR, Locke KG, et al. Biological safety assessment of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in a randomized clinical trial for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:1269-78. PubMed
  16. Malcolm CA, McCulloch DL, Montgomery C, et al. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during pregnancy and visual evoked potential development in term infants: a double blind, prospective, randomised trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2003;88: DOI
  17. Sanjurjo P, Ruiz-Sanz JI, Jimeno P, et al. Supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid in the last trimester of pregnancy: maternal-fetal biochemical findings. J Perinat Med 2004;32:132-6.
  18. Montgomery C, Speake BK, Cameron A, et al. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and fetal accretion. Br J Nutr 2003;90:135-45. DOI
  19. Lauritzen L, Hoppe C, Straarup EM, Michaelsen KF. Maternal fish oil supplementation in lactation and growth during the first 2.5 years of life. Pediatr Res 2005;58:235-42. PubMed
  20. Hawkes JS, Bryan DL, Makrides M, et al. A randomized trial of supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid-rich tuna oil and its effects on the human milk cytokines interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:75
  21. Uauy R, Hoffman DR, Mena P, et al. Term infant studies of DHA and ARA supplementation on neurodevelopment: Results of randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr 2003;143:S17-25. PubMed
  22. Decsi, T., Campoy, C., and Koletzko, B. Effect of N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy: the Nuheal trial. Adv.Exp Med Biol 2005;569:109-113. PubMed
  23. Mori, T. A., Bao, D. Q., Burke, V., Puddey, I. B., and Beilin, L. J. Docosahexaenoic acid but not eicosapentaenoic acid lowers ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in humans. Hypertension 1999;34(2):253-260. PubMed
  24. Otto, S. J., van Houwelingen, A. C., and Hornstra, G. The effect of supplementation with docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid derived from single cell oils on plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids of pregnant women in the second trimester. Prostaglandins Le PubMed
  25. Helland, I. B., Saugstad, O. D., Smith, L., Saarem, K., Solvoll, K., Ganes, T., and Drevon, C. A. Similar effects on infants of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids supplementation to pregnant and lactating women. Pediatrics 2001;108(5):E82. PubMed
  26. Nestel, P., Shige, H., Pomeroy, S., Cehun, M., Abbey, M., and Raederstorff, D. The n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid increase systemic arterial compliance in humans. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2002;76(2):326-330. PubMed
  27. Woodman, R. J., Mori, T. A., Burke, V., Puddey, I. B., Barden, A., Watts, G. F., and Beilin, L. J. Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on platelet, fibrinolytic and vascular function in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients PubMed
  28. Jensen, C. L., Voigt, R. G., Prager, T. C., Zou, Y. L., Fraley, J. K., Rozelle, J. C., Turcich, M. R., Llorente, A. M., Anderson, R. E., and Heird, W. C. Effects of maternal docosahexaenoic acid intake on visual function and neurodevelopment in breastfed
  29. Theobald, H. E., Goodall, A. H., Sattar, N., Talbot, D. C., Chowienczyk, P. J., and Sanders, T. A. Low-dose docosahexaenoic acid lowers diastolic blood pressure in middle-aged men and women. J Nutr 2007;137(4):973-978.
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See these in context on the Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) monograph →

Astaxanthin 3 references
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See these in context on the Astaxanthin monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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