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Dietary supplement

Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by UNDA Gammadyn

Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Mineral
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co is a dietary supplement by UNDA Gammadyn with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for zinc deficiency, immune support, cold symptoms.Based on those ingredients, 68 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Zinc, Nickel. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co by UNDA Gammadyn

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co by UNDA Gammadyn — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co by UNDA Gammadyn

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 30, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

UNDA Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co is a liquid formula with 3 active mineral ingredients: zinc, nickel, and cobalt. Zinc is essential for immune function, wound healing, and protein synthesis.

Nickel and cobalt are trace minerals your body needs in small amounts — cobalt is part of vitamin B12, which supports nerve and blood cell health, though the cobalt in this supplement is inorganic cobalt rather than the B12 form. The product also contains water and glucose as inactive ingredients to deliver the minerals.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Zinc deficiency — rated "Effective" (Zinc) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Nickel deficiency — rated "Likely Effective" (Nickel) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Wilson disease — rated "Likely Effective" (Zinc) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Pneumonia — rated "Possibly Effective" (Zinc) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Halitosis — rated "Possibly Effective" (Zinc) (Natural Medicines).

Zinc in this product is effective for zinc deficiency and likely effective for Wilson disease (a genetic copper-storage disorder). It's possibly effective for acne, acrodermatitis enteropathica (a rare genetic condition), age-related macular degeneration, and diabetes.

For nickel, the data shows it's likely effective for nickel deficiency — a real but uncommon situation. Nickel's effectiveness for iron deficiency anemia and osteoporosis has insufficient evidence to rate.

Cobalt's effectiveness is not established in the data we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Zinc Cobalt Nickel

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Zinc is generally well tolerated at recommended doses. The most common side effects are abdominal cramps, diarrhea, metallic taste, nausea, and vomiting — all dose-related.

Stay below the safe upper limit of 40 mg daily for adults unless your doctor advises otherwise. Long-term high doses can raise your risk of copper deficiency, which may cause anemia and low white blood cells.

Cobalt is a concern: inorganic cobalt supplements (like those in this product) have no proven benefit and can cause serious harm with long-term or high-dose use, including heart muscle damage, hearing loss, and vision loss. Cobalt is not recommended in pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Nickel is a common allergen and can cause contact dermatitis; safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding isn't established, so supplements aren't recommended in those states. High oral doses of nickel may increase lung, nose, larynx, and prostate cancer risk.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Zinc Cobalt Nickel

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Zinc, Nickel.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • For scale: 68 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product if you take quinolone antibiotics (like ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin), tetracycline antibiotics, cephalexin, penicillamine, ritonavir or other HIV medications including integrase inhibitors, cisplatin, or disulfiram. Zinc and nickel can reduce how well these drugs work, and timing your doses 2 to 6 hours apart may be necessary.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Zinc alone has solid evidence for deficiency and some conditions; nickel and cobalt do not. If you're deficient in one of these minerals, your doctor can guide you.

Because cobalt supplements carry real toxicity risks with little proven benefit, and because zinc interacts with many antibiotics and HIV drugs, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product — especially if you take any prescription medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 23, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co, straight from the product label.

Brand UNDA Gammadyn
Barcode (UPC) 88319631440
Net contents 30 Ampoule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 23, 2022
DSLD ID 260226
Product type Mineral
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co by UNDA Gammadyn, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
0.07 fl. Oz.
Maximum serving Sizes:
0.07 fl. Oz.
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
88319631440
IngredientAmount% DV
Zinc0.067 mg1%
Cobalt0.073 mg--
Nickel0.073 mg--

Other ingredients: Water, Purified, Glucose

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

Zinc-Nickel-Cobalt

FDA Statement of Identity

Oligo-Element Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Recommended dose: Adults (19 years and older): Take one ampoule one to two times daily with meals, a few hours before or after taking medications, or as recommended by your healthcare practitioner. Squeeze contents directly into mouth. Use for one to two months or as recommended by your healthcare practitioner.

Precautions

Risk information: If you have iodine deficiency; or if you have cancer, tuberculosis or a history of tuberculosis, do not use.

If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, do not use, unless directed by your healthcare practitioner.

If gastrointestinal upset and/or skin rashes occur, discontinue use and consult your healthcare practitioner. Safety-sealed for you protection and for product freshness. Do not use if ampoule is broken.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Formulation

Made in Spain for UNDA

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co by UNDA Gammadyn label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co by UNDA Gammadyn

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size0.07 fl. Oz. Dosage formLiquid Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Zinc

Interacts with
67 drugs
0.067 mg per serving Form: Zinc Gluconate

Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but suppleme...

Zinc monograph & interactions

Cobalt

No known
interactions
0.073 mg per serving Form: Cobalt Gluconate

Cobalt is a trace element that the body only needs as part of vitamin B12 (cobalamin); there is no proven reason to take inorganic cobalt supplements,...

Cobalt monograph & interactions

Nickel

Interacts with
1 drug
0.073 mg per serving Form: Nickel Gluconate

Nickel is a trace element found in tiny amounts in many foods, and most people get plenty through diet. There is no proven need for nickel supplements...

Nickel monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Water, Purified, Glucose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co by UNDA Gammadyn Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
68Drugs
64 Moderate 4 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Zinc 67
Nickel 1

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co interact with 68 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 3 ingredients in Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Zinc Nickel

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Zinc10 drug types · 67 drugs

Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)

Theoretically, zinc might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after zinc containing products.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Cephalexin (Keflex)

Zinc might decrease cephalexin levels by chelating with cephalexin in the gut and preventing its absorption.
A pharmacokinetic study shows that zinc sulfate 250 mg taken concomitantly with cephalexin 500 mg decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 31% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 27%. Also, taking zinc sulfate 3 hours before cephalexin decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 11% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 18%. By decreasing cephalexin levels, zinc might increase the risk of treatment failure. This effect does not occur when zinc is taken 3 hours after the cephalexin dose. To avoid an interaction, advise patients take zinc sulfate 3 hours after taking cephalexin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)

Theoretically, zinc might interfere with the therapeutic effects of cisplatin.
Animal research suggests that zinc stimulates tumor cell production of the protein metallothionein, which binds and inactivates cisplatin. It is not known whether zinc supplements or high dietary zinc intake can cause clinically significant interference with cisplatin therapy. Cisplatin might also increase zinc excretion.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Integrase Inhibitors

Theoretically, taking zinc along with integrase inhibitors might decrease the levels and clinical effects of these drugs.
Zinc is a divalent cation. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that other divalent cations such as calcium and iron can decrease blood levels of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir through chelation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)

Zinc might reduce the levels and clinical effects of penicillamine.
By forming an insoluble complex with penicillamine, zinc interferes with penicillamine absorption and activity. Zinc supplements reduce the efficacy of low-dose penicillamine (0.5-1 gram/day), but do not seem to affect higher doses (1-2.75 gram/day), provided dosing times are separated. Advise patients to take zinc and penicillamine at least 2 hours apart.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Quinolone Antibiotics

Zinc can decrease the levels and clinical effects of quinolones antibiotics.
Quinolones form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing absorption of both the quinolone and zinc if taken at the same time. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Ritonavir (Norvir)

Zinc modestly reduces levels of ritonavir.
Clinical research shows that zinc might reduce serum ritonavir levels by chelating with ritonavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. In patients with HIV, ritonavir is taken with atazanavir to prevent the metabolism and increase the effects of atazanavir. A pharmacokinetic study shows that, in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg as a single dose or as multiple daily doses for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of ritonavir by about 16%. However, atazanavir levels still remains high enough to prevent HIV virus replication. Therefore, the decrease in ritonavir levels is not likely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Zinc might reduce levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Tetracyclines form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, which can reduce absorption of both the tetracycline and zinc when taken at the same time. Taking zinc sulfate 200 mg with tetracycline reduces absorption of the antibiotic by 30% to 40%. Demeclocycline and minocycline cause a similar interaction. However, doxycycline does not seem to interact significantly with zinc. Advise patients to take tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements to avoid any interactions.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Amiloride (Midamor)

Amiloride can modestly reduce zinc excretion and increase zinc levels.
Clinical research shows that amiloride can reduce urinary zinc excretion, especially at doses of 10 mg per day or more. This zinc-sparing effect can help to counteract zinc losses caused by thiazide diuretics, but it is unlikely to cause zinc toxicity at usual amiloride doses. The other potassium-sparing diuretics, spironolactone (Aldactone) and triamterene (Dyrenium), do not seem to have a zinc-sparing effect.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Atazanavir (Reyataz)

Zinc modestly reduces levels of atazanavir, although this effect does not seem to be clinically significant.
Clinical research shows that zinc might decrease serum atazanavir levels by chelating with atazanavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. Although a single dose of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg orally does not affect atazanavir concentrations in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate 125 mg daily for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of atazanavir by about 22% in these patients. However, despite this decrease, atazanavir levels still remain at high enough concentrations for the prevention of HIV virus replication.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Zinc full monograph & interactions

Nickel1 drug type · 1 drug

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

Disulfiram can reduce the absorption and clinical effects of nickel.
Disulfiram can chelate nickel, preventing its absorption. This interaction has been used therapeutically to reduce eczema in people with severe nickel hypersensitivity.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Nickel full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co, from the product label.

UNDA Gammadyn

See all UNDA Gammadyn products
Name
Seroyal USA
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
ZipCode
15275
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co by UNDA Gammadyn: Common Questions

Does Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co by UNDA Gammadyn interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co has a known interaction with 68 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is zinc safe to take long-term?
Zinc is generally well tolerated below 40 mg daily for adults. Long-term doses above that upper limit can cause copper deficiency, which may lead to anemia and low white blood cells. If you're taking zinc long-term, ask your doctor or pharmacist whether you need monitoring or copper supplementation.
What are the common side effects of zinc?
The most common side effects are abdominal cramps, diarrhea, metallic taste, nausea, and vomiting — and they're dose-related, meaning higher doses are more likely to cause them. These usually resolve when you stop or lower the dose.
Is cobalt safe in this supplement?
Inorganic cobalt supplements like this one have no proven benefit and carry real risks with long-term or high-dose use: heart muscle damage, hearing loss, and vision loss have been reported. This is why cobalt supplements aren't recommended, especially during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Does nickel have interactions with my medications?
Nickel has one documented interaction: it may reduce the effectiveness of disulfiram (Antabuse). We don't have interaction data for nickel with other drugs. If you take any medications, check them with your pharmacist before starting this product.
Can I take this product while pregnant or breastfeeding?
Zinc is likely safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Nickel is not recommended in pregnancy or while breastfeeding because safety isn't established. Cobalt is not recommended in pregnancy due to toxicity concerns. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
What does nickel do in the body?
Nickel is a trace mineral your body needs in very small amounts, though its exact roles aren't fully understood. Nickel deficiency is uncommon. This product contains nickel supplement, which is generally not recommended because it's a common allergen and can cause dermatitis, especially in sensitive people.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Zinc

Interacts with 67 drugs

Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but supplements can help correct or prevent a defici...

Read the full Zinc monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Cobalt

Cobalt is a trace element that the body only needs as part of vitamin B12 (cobalamin); there is no proven reason to take inorganic cobalt supplements, and doing so can be harmful. If you nee...

Read the full Cobalt monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Nickel

Interacts with 1 drug

Nickel is a trace element found in tiny amounts in many foods, and most people get plenty through diet. There is no proven need for nickel supplements, and because nickel is a common cause o...

Read the full Nickel monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Gammadyn Zn-Ni-Co's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 175 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Zinc 88 references
  1. Barceloux DG. Zinc. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1999;37:279-92.
  2. Eby GA, Davis DR, Halcomb WW. Reduction in duration of common colds by zinc gluconate lozenges in a double-blind study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984;25:20-4. DOI
  3. Smith DS, Helzner EC, Nuttall CE Jr, et al. Failure of zinc gluconate in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:646-8. PubMed
  4. Blondeau JM. Expanded activity and utility of the new fluoroquinolones: a review. Clin Ther 1999;21:3-40. PubMed
  5. Reyes AJ, Olhaberry JV, Leary WP, et al. Urinary zinc excretion, diuretics, zinc deficiency and some side-effects of diuretics. S Afr Med J 1983;64:936-41.
  6. Kugelmas M. Preliminary observation: oral zinc sulfate replacement is effective in treating muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:13-5. PubMed
  7. Hebel SK, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons. 52nd ed. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons, 1998.
  8. Chan S, Gerson B, Subramaniam S. The role of copper, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc in nutrition and health. Clin Lab Med 1998;18:673-85. DOI
  9. Brewer GJ, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Johnson V, et al. Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc: XI. Interaction with other anticopper agents. J Am Coll Nutr 1993;12:26-30. PubMed
  10. Fosmire GJ. Zinc toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:225-7.
  11. Lomaestro BM, Bailie GR. Absorption interactions with fluoroquinolones. 1995 update. Drug Saf 1995;12:314-33. PubMed
  12. Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
  13. Seelig MS. Auto-immune complications of D-penicillamine - A possible result of zinc and magnesium depletion and of pyridoxine inactivation. J Am Coll Nutr 1982;1:207-14. PubMed
  14. Neuvonen PJ. Interactions with the absorption of tetracyclines. Drugs 1976;11:45-54.. PubMed
  15. Hirt M, Nobel S, Barron E. Zinc nasal gel for the treatment of common cold symptoms: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ear Nose Throat J 2000;79:778-82.. DOI
  16. Simkin PA. Oral zinc sulphate in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1976;2:539-42. PubMed
  17. Wray D. A double-blind trial of systemic zinc sulfate in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982;53:469-72. PubMed
  18. Douglas RM, Miles HB, Moore BW, et al. Failure of effervescent zinc acetate lozenges to alter the course of upper respiratory tract infections in Australian adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987;31:1263-5. PubMed
  19. Lagiou P, Wuu J, Trichopoulou A, et al. Diet and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study in Greece. Urology 1999;54:284-90. PubMed
  20. Ewing CI, Gibbs AC, Ashcroft C, David TJ. Failure of oral zinc supplementation in atopic eczema. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;45:507-10.
  21. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  22. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss. AREDS report no. 8. Arch Oph
  23. Greenberg JE, Lynn M, Kirsner RS, et al. Mucocutaneous pigmented macule as a result of zinc deposition. J Cutan Pathol 2002;29:613-5. PubMed
  24. Godfrey HR, Godfrey NJ, Godfrey JC, Riley D. A randomized clinical trial on the treatment of oral herpes with topical zinc oxide/glycine. Altern Ther Health Med 2001;7:49-56.
  25. Turner RB. Ineffectiveness of intranasal zinc gluconate for prevention of experimental rhinovirus colds. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:1865-70. PubMed
  26. Belongia EA, Berg R, Liu K. A randomized trial of zinc nasal spray for the treatment of upper respiratory illness in adults. Am J Med 2001;111:103-8. PubMed
  27. Mossad SB. Effect of zincum gluconicum nasal gel on the duration and symptom severity of the common cold in otherwise healthy adults. QJM 2003;96:35-43. DOI
  28. Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Wu K, et al. Zinc supplement use and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1004-7.. PubMed
  29. Jafek BW, Linschoten M, Murrow BW. Zicam Induced Anosmia. American Rhinologic Society 49th Annual Fall Scientific Meeting abstract. Orlando, Florida. September 20, 2003. http://app.american-rhinologic.org/programs/2003ARSFallProgram071503.pdf (Accessed 24
  30. Uebayashi H, Hatanaka T, Kanemura F, Tonosaki K. Acute anosmia in the mouse: behavioral discrimination among the four basic taste substances. Physiol Behav 2001;72:291-6.. PubMed
  31. Barrett S. Zicam Marketers Sued. United States District Court Western District of Michigan Southern Division, Filed October 14, 2003, Case No. 4:03CV0146.
  32. Bilici M, Yildirim F, Kandil S, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of zinc sulfate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004;28:181-90.. PubMed
  33. Polk RE, Healy DP, Sahai J, et al. Effect of ferrous sulfate and multivitamins with zinc on absorption of ciprofloxacin in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:1841-4. PubMed
  34. Mery C, Delrieu F, Ghozlan R, et al. Controlled trial of D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. Dose effect and the role of zinc. Scand J Rheumatol 1976;5:241-7. PubMed
  35. Penttila O, Hurme H, Neuvonen PJ. Effect of zinc sulfate on the absorption of tetracycline and doxycycline in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1975;9:131-4.
  36. Kondo Y, Yamagata K, Satoh M, et al. Optimal administration schedule of cisplatin for bladder tumor with minimal induction of metallothionein. J Urol 2003;170:2467-70. PubMed
  37. Doz F, Berens ME, Deschepper CF, et al. Experimental basis for increasing the therapeutic index of cis-diamminedicarboxylatocyclobutaneplatinum(II) in brain tumor therapy by a high-zinc diet. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1992;29:219-26.
  38. Wester PO. Urinary zinc excretion during treatment with different diuretics. Acta Med Scand 1980;208:209-12. PubMed
  39. Golik A, Modai D, Weissgarten J, et al. Hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride causes excessive urinary zinc excretion. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1987;42:42-4. PubMed
  40. Leary WP, Reyes AJ, Van der Byl K. Urinary magnesium and zinc excretion after two different single doses of amiloride in healthy adults. Curr Ther Res 1983;34:205-16.
  41. McBride K, Slotnick B, Margolis FL. Does intranasal application of zinc sulfate produce anosmia in the mouse? An olfactometric and anatomical study. Chem Senses 2003;28:659-70. PubMed
  42. Burd GD. Morphological study of the effects of intranasal zinc sulfate irrigation on the mouse olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. Microsc Res Tech 1993;24:195-213. PubMed
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