GI Repair Powder Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking GI Repair Powder against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
GI Repair Powder is a dietary supplement by Vital Nutrients with 9 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for tooth decay prevention, dry mouth, sugar substitute.Based on those ingredients, 2,092 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Slippery Elm, Powder, Aloe Vera leaf inner fillet extract, N-Acetyl Glucosamine. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against GI Repair Powder by Vital Nutrients
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with GI Repair Powder by Vital Nutrients — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of GI Repair Powder by Vital Nutrients
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
GI Repair Powder contains 9 ingredients, including a proprietary blend. The active components are Xylitol (a sugar alcohol used in some dental products), Rutin (a plant compound), Zinc, N-Acetyl Glucosamine (a compound derived from shellfish), L-Glutamine (an amino acid), Slippery Elm Powder (inner bark), and Aloe Vera leaf inner fillet extract.
We could not check Methylsulfonylmethane and Colostrum from our available data. The product contains no inactive fillers or other listed ingredients beyond the actives.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
Evidence varies widely by ingredient. Xylitol is likely effective for dental caries and possibly effective for ear infections (otitis media).
Zinc is effective for zinc deficiency and likely effective for Wilson disease. N-Acetyl Glucosamine is likely effective for osteoarthritis.
Aloe Vera gel is possibly effective for acne, burns, and several other conditions. Glutamine is effective for sickle cell disease and possibly effective for recovery after surgery or critical illness.
For most other claimed uses—including Rutin for inflammatory bowel disease, Slippery Elm for constipation or diarrhea, and several others—the evidence in our data is insufficient to rate.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Xylitol is generally well tolerated in food amounts but can cause digestive upset (diarrhea, bloating, flatulence) at high doses of 30–40 grams and is extremely toxic to dogs. Zinc is well tolerated below 40 mg daily; higher doses may cause nausea, metallic taste, or abdominal discomfort, and long-term high-dose use raises concern for copper deficiency.
N-Acetyl Glucosamine is generally well tolerated orally but carries rare risk of allergic reactions including anaphylaxis; some cases of asthma flare-ups have been reported. Aloe Vera gel applied topically is well tolerated, but oral aloe latex can cause cramping and diarrhea and should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Rutin safety data for supplement doses are limited; it may cause headache, flushing, or rash in some people and is not recommended during breastfeeding. Glutamine is generally well tolerated in healthy adults but should be used only under medical supervision if you have kidney or liver disease.
Slippery Elm is generally well tolerated short-term but has limited long-term safety data; safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well established.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Check with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product if you take any of these: blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (warfarin, aspirin), heart medications (digoxin), antibiotics (especially quinolone, tetracycline, or cephalexin types), penicillamine, HIV medications (ritonavir, integrase inhibitors like dolutegravir, or bictegravir-based combinations), chemotherapy drugs (cisplatin or topoisomerase II inhibitors), diabetes medications, anticonvulsant (seizure) drugs, diuretics, or stimulant laxatives. Slippery Elm may slow absorption of any oral medication, so spacing doses with other drugs may be necessary.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
GI Repair Powder is a multi-ingredient supplement with broad potential interactions, especially if you take blood thinners, heart medications, antibiotics, diabetes drugs, anticonvulsants, or HIV medications. Before you start it, run your exact prescriptions through the medication checker on this page and talk it over with your doctor or pharmacist.
If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, check with your healthcare provider first—safety data for several ingredients in this combination are limited or advise against use.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 7 of 9 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jan 24, 2024.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about GI Repair Powder, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Vital Nutrients |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 693465447116 |
| Net contents | 206 Gram(s); 7.26 Ounce(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Jan 24, 2024 |
| DSLD ID | 304989 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Powder |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Sugar Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for GI Repair Powder by Vital Nutrients, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Proprietary Blend | 5.11 Gram(s) | -- |
| Xylitol | 0 NP | -- |
| Rutin | 0 NP | -- |
| Methylsulfonylmethane | 0 NP | -- |
| Zinc | 5.5 mg | 50% |
| N-Acetyl Glucosamine | 0 NP | -- |
| L-Glutamine, Powder | 0 NP | -- |
| Slippery Elm, Powder | 0 NP | -- |
| Aloe Vera leaf inner fillet extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Colostrum | 0 NP | -- |
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Storage
Store sealed in a cool dry place
Precautions
Keep out of reach of children
Use only if safety seal is intact
Warning: If pregnant, consult your physician before taking.
Inner seal may lift off when cap is removed. Seal integrity is maintained until cap is removed.
Contains: Lobster, crab, and/or shrimp Contains: milk
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Recommendations: 1/2 to 1 rounded teaspoon 2-3 times daily, or as directed by your healthcare practitioner.
Formulation
Excludes coatings, binders, gluten (wheat, rye, barley), soy protein, egg protein, sugar. Verified by independent testing
Raw materials and finished products are independently tested by U.S. labs.
General Statements
Learn more at vitalnutrients.net
Formula
OptiMSM
Brand IP Statement(s)
OptiMSM is a registered trademark of Bergstrom Nutrition.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
GI Repair Powder by Vital Nutrients label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in GI Repair Powder by Vital Nutrients
These are the 9 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size2.58 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container40 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Proprietary Blend
- › Xylitol
- › Rutin
- › Methylsulfonylmethane
- › N-Acetyl Glucosamine
- › L-Glutamine, Powder
- › Slippery Elm, Powder
- › Aloe Vera leaf inner fillet extract
- › Colostrum
Zinc
Interacts with67 drugs
Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but suppleme...
Zinc monograph & interactionsGI Repair Powder by Vital Nutrients Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
GI Repair Powder by Vital Nutrients contains several ingredients with documented interactions.
The most serious is N-Acetyl Glucosamine's interaction with warfarin (a blood thinner), which may increase bleeding risk. Additionally, Aloe Vera leaf inner fillet extract interacts with digoxin (a heart medication), potentially raising the risk of serious adverse effects through potassium loss.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Zinc in this product interacts with multiple antibiotic types—quinolone, tetracycline, and cephalexin antibiotics—as well as penicillamine (used for Wilson disease and rheumatoid arthritis), ritonavir (an HIV medication), and integrase inhibitor HIV drugs, all at Moderate severity. It also theoretically affects cisplatin (a chemotherapy drug).
Aloe Vera adds further interactions: it may increase bleeding risk with blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs, raise low blood sugar risk (hypoglycemia) with diabetes medications, and cause electrolyte loss (potassium) if you take diuretic or stimulant laxative drugs. Rutin theoretically increases hypoglycemia risk with antidiabetes drugs.
Glutamine may antagonize anticonvulsant (seizure) medications. Slippery Elm may slow absorption of any oral medication you take.
Altogether, these interactions span 2,093 individual medications.
We could not check Methylsulfonylmethane or Colostrum—our data on those ingredients isn't available. Use the medication checker on this page to search your exact prescriptions before starting this product.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against GI Repair Powder?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in GI Repair Powder interact with 2,092 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
6 of the 9 ingredients in GI Repair Powder interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Slippery Elm, Powder Aloe Vera leaf inner fillet extract N-Acetyl Glucosamine Rutin Zinc L-Glutamine, Powder
DigoxinDigitek, Lanoxicaps, Lanoxin
How Digoxin interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet ExtractDigoxin (lanoxin) Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with cardiac glycosides.
Read the full Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet Extract + Digoxin interactionSlippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Digoxin interactionWarfarinWarfarin
How Warfarin interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
N-acetyl GlucosamineWarfarin (coumadin) Major
Interaction Summary
Glucosamine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full N-acetyl Glucosamine + Warfarin interactionAloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet ExtractWarfarin (coumadin), Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin.
Read the full Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet Extract + Warfarin interactionSlippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Warfarin interactionWarfarin SodiumCoumadin, Panwarfin, Sofarin
How Warfarin Sodium interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
N-acetyl GlucosamineWarfarin (coumadin) Major
Interaction Summary
Glucosamine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full N-acetyl Glucosamine + Warfarin Sodium interactionAloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Warfarin (coumadin) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe gel might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet Extract + Warfarin Sodium interactionSlippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Warfarin Sodium interaction"phentolamineOraVerse, Rogitine, Ryzumvi
How "phentolamine interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + "phentolamine interaction6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAbacavirZiagen
How Abacavir interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Abacavir interactionAbacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, LamivudineTriumeq
How Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interactionAbacavir, LamivudineEpzicom
How Abacavir, Lamivudine interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Abacavir, Lamivudine interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe gel might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet Extract + Abciximab interactionSlippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Abciximab interactionAbemaciclibVerzenio
How Abemaciclib interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Abemaciclib interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Abrocitinib interactionAloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe gel might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet Extract + Abrocitinib interactionAcalabrutinibCalquence
How Acalabrutinib interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acalabrutinib interactionAcamprosateCampral
How Acamprosate interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acamprosate interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
RutinAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking rutin with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Rutin + Acarbose interactionAloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Aloe might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet Extract + Acarbose interactionSlippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acarbose interactionN-acetyl GlucosamineAntidiabetes Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Despite initial concerns, it is unlikely that glucosamine will interfere with the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full N-acetyl Glucosamine + Acarbose interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe gel might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet Extract + Acenocoumarol interactionSlippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acenocoumarol interactionAcepromazineAtravet
How Acepromazine interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acepromazine interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen interactionAloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet Extract + Acetaminophen interactionN-acetyl GlucosamineAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full N-acetyl Glucosamine + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe gel might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionSlippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionN-acetyl GlucosamineAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full N-acetyl Glucosamine + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionSlippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionN-acetyl GlucosamineAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full N-acetyl Glucosamine + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet Extract + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionN-acetyl GlucosamineAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full N-acetyl Glucosamine + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionN-acetyl GlucosamineAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full N-acetyl Glucosamine + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionN-acetyl GlucosamineAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full N-acetyl Glucosamine + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionN-acetyl GlucosamineAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full N-acetyl Glucosamine + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionN-acetyl GlucosamineAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full N-acetyl Glucosamine + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine PhosphatePhrenilin #3
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionN-acetyl GlucosamineAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full N-acetyl Glucosamine + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionAloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionN-acetyl GlucosamineAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full N-acetyl Glucosamine + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with GI Repair Powder — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionN-acetyl GlucosamineAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full N-acetyl Glucosamine + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Leaf Inner Fillet Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in GI Repair Powder with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Slippery Elm, Powder
Oral Drugs
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Slippery elm inner bark contains mucilage, which may interfere with the absorption of orally administered drugs.
Aloe Vera leaf inner fillet extract
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with cardiac glycosides.
Overuse of aloe latex can increase the risk of adverse effects from cardiac glycoside drugs, such as digoxin, due to potassium depletion. Overuse of aloe, along with cardiac glycoside drugs, can increase the risk of toxicity.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, aloe gel might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that aloe gel can inhibit platelet aggregation. This inhibition was greater than that seen with celecoxib, but less than that seen with aspirin.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Aloe might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Preliminary clinical research suggests aloe gel might lower blood glucose levels and have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Overuse of aloe latex might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss, increasing the risk of hypokalemia.
Stimulant Laxatives
Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with stimulant laxatives.
Due to cathartic laxative effects of aloe latex, concomitant use with other stimulant laxatives might compound fluid and electrolyte loss.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin.
Aloe latex has stimulant laxative effects. In some people aloe latex can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding. Advise patients who take warfarin not to take excessive amounts of aloe vera.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that aloe extract induces CYP1A2 enzymes.
N-Acetyl Glucosamine
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Glucosamine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
In two individual case reports, glucosamine/chondroitin combinations were associated with a significant increase in international normalized ratio (INR) in patients previously stabilized on warfarin. In one case, the increase in INR occurred only after tripling the dose of a glucosamine/chondroitin supplement from 500 mg/400 mg daily to 1500/1200 mg daily. Additionally, 20 voluntary case reports to the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) have linked glucosamine plus chondroitin with increased INR, bruising, and bleeding in patients who were also taking warfarin. There have also been 20 additional case reports to the World Health Organization (WHO) that link glucosamine alone to increased INR in patients taking warfarin. The mechanism of this interaction is unclear. Glucosamine is a small component of heparin, but is not thought to have anticoagulant activity; however, animal research suggests that it might have antiplatelet activity.
Topoisomerase Ii Inhibitors
Theoretically glucosamine may induce resistance to topoisomerase II inhibitors.
In vitro research suggests that glucosamine might induce resistance to etoposide (VP16, VePesid) and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) by reducing inhibition of topoisomerase II, an enzyme required for DNA replication in tumor cells. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Others)
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Anecdotal reports suggest that adding glucosamine to an acetaminophen regimen might decrease pain control in patients with osteoarthritis. Some research suggests that the sulfate portion of glucosamine sulfate might contribute to its effect in osteoarthritis. Since acetaminophen metabolism requires sulfur and reduces serum sulfate concentrations, acetaminophen could theoretically interfere with the action of glucosamine sulfate. Conversely, the administration of sulfate could theoretically decrease the effectiveness of acetaminophen in sulfate-deficient people by increasing its clearance.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Despite initial concerns, it is unlikely that glucosamine will interfere with the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
In vitro and animal research has suggested that glucosamine might increase insulin resistance or decrease insulin production. This has raised concerns that taking glucosamine might worsen diabetes and decrease the effectiveness of diabetes drugs. However, clinical research suggests that glucosamine does not have adverse effects on blood glucose or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in healthy, obese, or type 2 diabetes patients.
Rutin
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking rutin with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research suggests that rutin has hypoglycemic effects.
Zinc
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)
Theoretically, zinc might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after zinc containing products.
Cephalexin (Keflex)
Zinc might decrease cephalexin levels by chelating with cephalexin in the gut and preventing its absorption.
A pharmacokinetic study shows that zinc sulfate 250 mg taken concomitantly with cephalexin 500 mg decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 31% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 27%. Also, taking zinc sulfate 3 hours before cephalexin decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 11% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 18%. By decreasing cephalexin levels, zinc might increase the risk of treatment failure. This effect does not occur when zinc is taken 3 hours after the cephalexin dose. To avoid an interaction, advise patients take zinc sulfate 3 hours after taking cephalexin.
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)
Theoretically, zinc might interfere with the therapeutic effects of cisplatin.
Animal research suggests that zinc stimulates tumor cell production of the protein metallothionein, which binds and inactivates cisplatin. It is not known whether zinc supplements or high dietary zinc intake can cause clinically significant interference with cisplatin therapy. Cisplatin might also increase zinc excretion.
Integrase Inhibitors
Theoretically, taking zinc along with integrase inhibitors might decrease the levels and clinical effects of these drugs.
Zinc is a divalent cation. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that other divalent cations such as calcium and iron can decrease blood levels of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir through chelation.
Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)
Zinc might reduce the levels and clinical effects of penicillamine.
By forming an insoluble complex with penicillamine, zinc interferes with penicillamine absorption and activity. Zinc supplements reduce the efficacy of low-dose penicillamine (0.5-1 gram/day), but do not seem to affect higher doses (1-2.75 gram/day), provided dosing times are separated. Advise patients to take zinc and penicillamine at least 2 hours apart.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Zinc can decrease the levels and clinical effects of quinolones antibiotics.
Quinolones form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing absorption of both the quinolone and zinc if taken at the same time. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements.
Ritonavir (Norvir)
Zinc modestly reduces levels of ritonavir.
Clinical research shows that zinc might reduce serum ritonavir levels by chelating with ritonavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. In patients with HIV, ritonavir is taken with atazanavir to prevent the metabolism and increase the effects of atazanavir. A pharmacokinetic study shows that, in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg as a single dose or as multiple daily doses for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of ritonavir by about 16%. However, atazanavir levels still remains high enough to prevent HIV virus replication. Therefore, the decrease in ritonavir levels is not likely to be clinically significant.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Zinc might reduce levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Tetracyclines form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, which can reduce absorption of both the tetracycline and zinc when taken at the same time. Taking zinc sulfate 200 mg with tetracycline reduces absorption of the antibiotic by 30% to 40%. Demeclocycline and minocycline cause a similar interaction. However, doxycycline does not seem to interact significantly with zinc. Advise patients to take tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements to avoid any interactions.
Amiloride (Midamor)
Amiloride can modestly reduce zinc excretion and increase zinc levels.
Clinical research shows that amiloride can reduce urinary zinc excretion, especially at doses of 10 mg per day or more. This zinc-sparing effect can help to counteract zinc losses caused by thiazide diuretics, but it is unlikely to cause zinc toxicity at usual amiloride doses. The other potassium-sparing diuretics, spironolactone (Aldactone) and triamterene (Dyrenium), do not seem to have a zinc-sparing effect.
Atazanavir (Reyataz)
Zinc modestly reduces levels of atazanavir, although this effect does not seem to be clinically significant.
Clinical research shows that zinc might decrease serum atazanavir levels by chelating with atazanavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. Although a single dose of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg orally does not affect atazanavir concentrations in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate 125 mg daily for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of atazanavir by about 22% in these patients. However, despite this decrease, atazanavir levels still remain at high enough concentrations for the prevention of HIV virus replication.
L-Glutamine, Powder
Anticonvulsants
Theoretically, glutamine might antagonize the effects of anticonvulsant medications.
Glutamine is metabolized to the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Glutamate might have antagonistic effects with anticonvulsant drugs. However, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for GI Repair Powder, from the product label.
Vital Nutrients
See all Vital Nutrients products- Name
- Vital Nutrients
- Street Address
- 34 Kenneth Dooley Drive
- City
- Middletown
- State
- CT
- ZipCode
- 06457
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind GI Repair Powder’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Xylitol
Xylitol is a sugar alcohol used as a low-calorie sweetener that has the best-supported benefit for reducing cavities, especially in chewing gum or lozenges. It is generally safe for people i...
Read the full Xylitol monograph → Herb & supplement monographRutin
Interacts with 86 drugsRutin is a plant flavonoid (often taken from buckwheat or citrus) that people use mainly for blood vessel and circulation problems like varicose veins and hemorrhoids. The evidence is limite...
Read the full Rutin monograph → Herb & supplement monographGlucosamine
Interacts with 170 drugsGlucosamine is a natural compound found in cartilage and joint fluid, and it is one of the most popular supplements for osteoarthritis, especially of the knee. The evidence is mixed, with so...
Read the full Glucosamine monograph → Herb & supplement monographGlutamine
Interacts with 50 drugsGlutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is usually made in your muscles. A prescription form is FDA-approved to help reduce sickle cell disease complications, but for most...
Read the full Glutamine monograph → Herb & supplement monographSlippery Elm
Interacts with 2,022 drugsSlippery elm is a traditional herbal remedy made from the inner bark of a North American elm tree, used mainly to soothe sore throats and irritated digestive tracts. Its mucilage can coat an...
Read the full Slippery Elm monograph → Herb & supplement monographAloe
Interacts with 461 drugsAloe vera gel is widely used on the skin for minor burns and irritation, and some research suggests it may help. Aloe latex (the yellow part) is a strong laxative that can cause cramping and...
Read the full Aloe monograph → Herb & supplement monographZinc
Interacts with 67 drugsZinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but supplements can help correct or prevent a defici...
Read the full Zinc monograph →Sources & How We Checked
GI Repair Powder's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 210 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Xylitol 7 references
- Martindale W. Martindale the Extra Pharmacopoeia. Pharmaceutical Press, 1999.
- Weissman JD, Fernandez F, Hwang PH. Xylitol nasal irrigation in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: a pilot study. Laryngoscope 2011;121:2468-72. PubMed
- Okamoto K, Kagami M, Kawai M, et al. Anaphylaxis to xylitol diagnosed by skin prick test and basophil activation test. Allergol Int. 2019;68(1):130-131. PubMed
- Rabago D, Kille T, Mundt M, Obasi C. Results of a RCT assessing saline and xylitol nasal irrigation for CRS and fatigue in Gulf War illness. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2020;5(4):613-620.
- Wołyniec W, Szwarc A, Kasprowicz K, et al. Impact of hydration with beverages containing free sugars or xylitol on metabolic and acute kidney injury markers after physical exercise. Front Physiol 2022;13:841056. PubMed
- Bordier V, Teysseire F, Drewe J, et al. Effects of a 5-week intake of erythritol and xylitol on vascular function, abdominal fat and glucose tolerance in humans with obesity: a pilot trial. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2023;6(2):264-272. PubMed
- Margulis I, Cohen-Kerem R, Stein N, et al. Xylitol nasal spray for prevention of recurrent acute otitis media in children: A prospective two-center cohort study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2024;176:111818. PubMed
Rutin 2 references
- Mehta DK (Ex Ed). British National Formulary, Number 37. British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain: London, England, March 1999.
- Sun C, Wang L, Sun J, Wang Z, Tang Z. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of rutin on hyperglycemic rats. J Tradit Chin Med. 2020;40(4):640-645.
Zinc 88 references
- Barceloux DG. Zinc. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1999;37:279-92.
- Eby GA, Davis DR, Halcomb WW. Reduction in duration of common colds by zinc gluconate lozenges in a double-blind study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984;25:20-4. DOI
- Smith DS, Helzner EC, Nuttall CE Jr, et al. Failure of zinc gluconate in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:646-8. PubMed
- Blondeau JM. Expanded activity and utility of the new fluoroquinolones: a review. Clin Ther 1999;21:3-40. PubMed
- Reyes AJ, Olhaberry JV, Leary WP, et al. Urinary zinc excretion, diuretics, zinc deficiency and some side-effects of diuretics. S Afr Med J 1983;64:936-41.
- Kugelmas M. Preliminary observation: oral zinc sulfate replacement is effective in treating muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:13-5. PubMed
- Hebel SK, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons. 52nd ed. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons, 1998.
- Chan S, Gerson B, Subramaniam S. The role of copper, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc in nutrition and health. Clin Lab Med 1998;18:673-85. DOI
- Brewer GJ, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Johnson V, et al. Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc: XI. Interaction with other anticopper agents. J Am Coll Nutr 1993;12:26-30. PubMed
- Fosmire GJ. Zinc toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:225-7.
- Lomaestro BM, Bailie GR. Absorption interactions with fluoroquinolones. 1995 update. Drug Saf 1995;12:314-33. PubMed
- Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
- Seelig MS. Auto-immune complications of D-penicillamine - A possible result of zinc and magnesium depletion and of pyridoxine inactivation. J Am Coll Nutr 1982;1:207-14. PubMed
- Neuvonen PJ. Interactions with the absorption of tetracyclines. Drugs 1976;11:45-54.. PubMed
- Hirt M, Nobel S, Barron E. Zinc nasal gel for the treatment of common cold symptoms: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ear Nose Throat J 2000;79:778-82.. DOI
- Simkin PA. Oral zinc sulphate in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1976;2:539-42. PubMed
- Wray D. A double-blind trial of systemic zinc sulfate in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982;53:469-72. PubMed
- Douglas RM, Miles HB, Moore BW, et al. Failure of effervescent zinc acetate lozenges to alter the course of upper respiratory tract infections in Australian adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987;31:1263-5. PubMed
- Lagiou P, Wuu J, Trichopoulou A, et al. Diet and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study in Greece. Urology 1999;54:284-90. PubMed
- Ewing CI, Gibbs AC, Ashcroft C, David TJ. Failure of oral zinc supplementation in atopic eczema. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;45:507-10.
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
- Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss. AREDS report no. 8. Arch Oph
- Greenberg JE, Lynn M, Kirsner RS, et al. Mucocutaneous pigmented macule as a result of zinc deposition. J Cutan Pathol 2002;29:613-5. PubMed
- Godfrey HR, Godfrey NJ, Godfrey JC, Riley D. A randomized clinical trial on the treatment of oral herpes with topical zinc oxide/glycine. Altern Ther Health Med 2001;7:49-56.
- Turner RB. Ineffectiveness of intranasal zinc gluconate for prevention of experimental rhinovirus colds. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:1865-70. PubMed
- Belongia EA, Berg R, Liu K. A randomized trial of zinc nasal spray for the treatment of upper respiratory illness in adults. Am J Med 2001;111:103-8. PubMed
- Mossad SB. Effect of zincum gluconicum nasal gel on the duration and symptom severity of the common cold in otherwise healthy adults. QJM 2003;96:35-43. DOI
- Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Wu K, et al. Zinc supplement use and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1004-7.. PubMed
- Jafek BW, Linschoten M, Murrow BW. Zicam Induced Anosmia. American Rhinologic Society 49th Annual Fall Scientific Meeting abstract. Orlando, Florida. September 20, 2003. http://app.american-rhinologic.org/programs/2003ARSFallProgram071503.pdf (Accessed 24
- Uebayashi H, Hatanaka T, Kanemura F, Tonosaki K. Acute anosmia in the mouse: behavioral discrimination among the four basic taste substances. Physiol Behav 2001;72:291-6.. PubMed
- Barrett S. Zicam Marketers Sued. United States District Court Western District of Michigan Southern Division, Filed October 14, 2003, Case No. 4:03CV0146.
- Bilici M, Yildirim F, Kandil S, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of zinc sulfate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004;28:181-90.. PubMed
- Polk RE, Healy DP, Sahai J, et al. Effect of ferrous sulfate and multivitamins with zinc on absorption of ciprofloxacin in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:1841-4. PubMed
- Mery C, Delrieu F, Ghozlan R, et al. Controlled trial of D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. Dose effect and the role of zinc. Scand J Rheumatol 1976;5:241-7. PubMed
- Penttila O, Hurme H, Neuvonen PJ. Effect of zinc sulfate on the absorption of tetracycline and doxycycline in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1975;9:131-4.
- Kondo Y, Yamagata K, Satoh M, et al. Optimal administration schedule of cisplatin for bladder tumor with minimal induction of metallothionein. J Urol 2003;170:2467-70. PubMed
- Doz F, Berens ME, Deschepper CF, et al. Experimental basis for increasing the therapeutic index of cis-diamminedicarboxylatocyclobutaneplatinum(II) in brain tumor therapy by a high-zinc diet. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1992;29:219-26.
- Wester PO. Urinary zinc excretion during treatment with different diuretics. Acta Med Scand 1980;208:209-12. PubMed
- Golik A, Modai D, Weissgarten J, et al. Hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride causes excessive urinary zinc excretion. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1987;42:42-4. PubMed
- Leary WP, Reyes AJ, Van der Byl K. Urinary magnesium and zinc excretion after two different single doses of amiloride in healthy adults. Curr Ther Res 1983;34:205-16.
- McBride K, Slotnick B, Margolis FL. Does intranasal application of zinc sulfate produce anosmia in the mouse? An olfactometric and anatomical study. Chem Senses 2003;28:659-70. PubMed
- Burd GD. Morphological study of the effects of intranasal zinc sulfate irrigation on the mouse olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. Microsc Res Tech 1993;24:195-213. PubMed
- Ducray A, Bondier JR, Michel G, et al. Recovery following peripheral destruction of olfactory neurons in young and adult mice. Eur J Neurosci 2002;15:1907-17. PubMed
- Mayer AD, Rosenblatt JS. Peripheral olfactory deafferentation of the primary olfactory system in rats using ZnSO4 nasal spray with special reference to maternal behavior. Physiol Behav 1993;53:587-92. PubMed
- DeCook CA, Hirsch AR. Anosmia due to inhalational zinc: a case report (abstract). Chem Senses 2000;25:659.
- Tisdall FF, Brown A, Defries RD. Persistent anosmia following zinc sulfate nasal spraying. JPed 1938;18:60-2. DOI
- Lawson KA, Wright ME, Subar A, et al. Multivitamin use and risk of prostate cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:754-64. PubMed
- Public Health Advisory. Loss of sense of smell with intranasal cold remedies containing zinc. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, June 16, 2009. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PublicHealthAdvisories/ucm166059.htm (Accessed 16 June 2009)
- Dooren JC. FDA warns against use of Zicam. The Wall Street Journal, June 16, 2009. Available at: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124516778692319231.html#mod=djemHL?mg=com-wsj (Accessed 16 June 2009).
- Alexander TH, Davidson TM. Intranasal zinc and anosmia: the zinc-induced anosmia syndrome. Laryngoscope 2006;116:217-20.
- Health Canada / GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare. Association of long-term, excessive use of zinc-containing Poli-Grip products with myeloneuropathy and blood dyscrasias. February 18, 2010. Available at: http://hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/alt_formats/pdf/medef
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Advisory. GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) warns about a potential health risk associated with long-term, excessive use of GSK's zinc-containing denture adhesives Super Polygrip Original, Ultra Fresh and Extra Care. February 18, 2010. Availa
- Science M, Johnstone J, Roth DE, et al. Zinc for the treatment of the common cold: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ 2012;184:E551-61. PubMed
- Castilla-Higuero, L., Romero-Gomez, M., Suarez, E., and Castro, M. Acute hepatitis after starting zinc therapy in a patient with presymptomatic Wilson's disease. Hepatology 2000;32(4 Pt 1):877. PubMed
- Sharquie, K. E., Najim, R. A., Farjou, I. B., and Al Timimi, D. J. Oral zinc sulphate in the treatment of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin.Exp.Dermatol. 2001;26(1):21-26. PubMed
- Dreno, B., Moyse, D., Alirezai, M., Amblard, P., Auffret, N., Beylot, C., Bodokh, I., Chivot, M., Daniel, F., Humbert, P., Meynadier, J., and Poli, F. Multicenter randomized comparative double-blind controlled clinical trial of the safety and efficacy of
- Moore, R. Bleeding gastric erosion after oral zinc sulphate. Br.Med J 3-25-1978;1(6115):754. PubMed
- Jafek, B. W., Linschoten, M. R., and Murrow, B. W. Anosmia after intranasal zinc gluconate use. Am J Rhinol. 2004;18(3):137-141. DOI
- Simonart, T. and de, Maertelaer, V. Systemic treatments for cutaneous warts: a systematic review. J Dermatolog.Treat. 2012;23(1):72-77. PubMed
- Cochran, R. J., Tucker, S. B., and Flannigan, S. A. Topical zinc therapy for acne vulgaris. Int.J Dermatol. 1985;24(3):188-190. DOI
- Morgan, A. A. Bleeding gastric erosion after oral zinc sulphate. Br.Med.J. 5-13-1978;1(6122):1283-1284. PubMed
- Murphy, J. V. Intoxication following ingestion of elemental zinc. JAMA 6-22-1970;212(12):2119-2120.
- Lang, C. J., Rabas-Kolominsky, P., Engelhardt, A., Kobras, G., and Konig, H. J. Fatal deterioration of Wilson's disease after institution of oral zinc therapy. Arch Neurol. 1993;50(10):1007-1008. PubMed
- Fjellner, B. Drug-induced lupus erythematosus aggravated by oral zinc therapy. Acta Derm.Venereol. 1979;59(4):368-370. DOI
- Varas Lorenzo, M. J. Zinc acexamate and ranitidine in the short- and mid-term management of gastroduodenal ulcers. Curr Ther Res 21986;39:19-29.
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