Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 2 of 4 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

GlutAbolic Exotic Punch Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Chaotic-Labz

GlutAbolic Exotic Punch label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking GlutAbolic Exotic Punch against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

GlutAbolic Exotic Punch is a dietary supplement by Chaotic-Labz with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 254 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sodium, Glutamine. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against GlutAbolic Exotic Punch by Chaotic-Labz

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with GlutAbolic Exotic Punch by Chaotic-Labz — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of GlutAbolic Exotic Punch by Chaotic-Labz

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 30, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Glutabolic Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (5.50 Gram(s)) without saying how much of each component you get.

GlutAbolic Exotic Punch is a 4-ingredient formula centered on amino acid nutrition. It contains sodium, glutamine, L-alanyl-L-glutamine, and glutamine AKG.

The glutamine compounds are amino acids meant to support muscle recovery and metabolic function. Sodium is included for electrolyte balance.

The powder also contains inactive ingredients—maltodextrin (a carbohydrate), natural and artificial flavors, citric acid, malic acid, sucralose (a sweetener), and sipernat 50 (a flow agent).

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: muscle recovery and athletic performance support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Postoperative recovery, muscle protein synthesis, sports endurance, strength training recovery.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Glutamine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Postoperative recovery (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Glutamine is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Athletic performance.
  • Also on file: Glutamine is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Exercise-induced muscle damage.

The glutamine-based ingredients in this formula show evidence for certain recovery and disease states. Glutamine and glutamine AKG are both rated Effective for sickle cell disease, and Possibly Effective for HIV/AIDS-related wasting, postoperative recovery, and critical illness from trauma.

Sodium is rated Likely Effective for cystic fibrosis and Possibly Effective for protecting against amphotericin B kidney damage, but the evidence is Insufficient to Rate its use in bipolar disorder or heart failure.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Glutamine

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Glutamine and glutamine AKG are generally well tolerated in healthy adults but should be used only under medical supervision in people with kidney or liver disease. Common side effects include belching, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, and headache.

Rare cases of dizziness and mania or hypomania have been reported in people with bipolar disorder. Sodium is essential in small amounts, but too much is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain—normal dietary sodium is fine, but avoid sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice.

Pregnancy and lactation data show glutamine is Likely Safe, but sodium ratings are mixed (Likely Safe and Possibly Unsafe), so discuss use with your doctor or pharmacist.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Glutamine

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Glutamine, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: seizure medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 254 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking GlutAbolic Exotic Punch, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take antihypertensive (blood pressure) medications, lithium, anticonvulsants, corticosteroids, didanosine, sodium phosphate products, tolvaptan, or any other sodium-containing medications or supplements. Sodium in this product may interfere with blood pressure control, alter lithium levels, reduce anticonvulsant effectiveness, or increase the risk of dangerously high sodium levels in your blood.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This powder targets muscle recovery through glutamine amino acids and electrolyte support. It's worth considering if you're recovering from surgery, managing critical illness, or have sickle cell disease and your doctor recommends glutamine supplementation.

Be cautious if you take blood pressure medications, lithium, anticonvulsants, or any corticosteroid or HIV medication—check with your doctor or pharmacist first, because the sodium and glutamine content may affect how these drugs work.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 24, 2017.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about GlutAbolic Exotic Punch, straight from the product label.

Brand Chaotic-Labz
Barcode (UPC) 283333506412
Net contents 260 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Mar 24, 2017
DSLD ID 72267
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for GlutAbolic Exotic Punch by Chaotic-Labz, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
6.5 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
6.5 Gram(s)
Servings per container
40
UPC/BARCODE
283333506412
IngredientAmount% DV
Sodium12 mg1%
Glutamine0 NP--
L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine0 NP--
Glutamine AKG0 NP--
Glutabolic Blend5.5 Gram(s)--

Other ingredients: Maltodextrin, Natural & Artificial flavors, Citric Acid, Sipernat 50, Malic Acid, Sucralose

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use As a dietary supplement consume 1 scoop of Glutabolic 30mins before any athletic training. Then take another scoop immediately after your workout.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is no intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Precautions

Warning: Do not exceed recommended dose listed.

This product is not intended for use by any persons under age 18, who are pregnant or lactating, or have serious medical conditions.

This product is not intended for use by any persons under age 18, who are pregnant or lactating, or have serious medical conditions.

Do not take this product with any product containing caffeine or other ingredients that have a known stimulant effect. All persons should consult a physician before using dietary supplements, as individuals may have different supplemental needs. Consumption of this product that is inconsistent with recommended usage may produce adverse side effects. Discontinue use and contact physician immediately if you experience rapid heartbeat, dizziness, blurred vision or other similar symptoms.

Keep out of reach of children.

Storage

Keep container tightly closed in a cool, dry and dark place.

Seals/Symbols

cGMP Good manufacturing practices Inspected Facility

Gluten free

Made in the USA

Formulation

Gluten Free

No stimulants in formula

General Statements

No loading phase required

No bio-availability issues No (G.I.) stomach problems No fat or bloat reactions No banned or illegal substances No need to cycle off or stop using

Muscle recovery Anabolic glutamine formula

Di-peptide alanyl residue technology 100% stable di-peptide chemical structure No liquid degradation or structure damage Xtremely absorb-able forms of L-glutamine Completely by-passes the gut to bloodstream Enters the muscle cell directly for recovery Increases protein synthesis, HGH, & nitrogen retention

Do work or die

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

GlutAbolic Exotic Punch by Chaotic-Labz label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

GlutAbolic Exotic Punch label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in GlutAbolic Exotic Punch by Chaotic-Labz

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size6.5 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container40 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
12 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Glutabolic Blend

5.5 Gram(s) per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Maltodextrin, Natural & Artificial flavors, Citric Acid, Sipernat 50, Malic Acid, Sucralose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

GlutAbolic Exotic Punch by Chaotic-Labz Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against GlutAbolic Exotic Punch?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
254Drugs
254 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205
Glutamine 50

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in GlutAbolic Exotic Punch interact with 254 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 4 ingredients in GlutAbolic Exotic Punch interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Sodium Glutamine

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in GlutAbolic Exotic Punch with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions

Glutamine1 drug type · 50 drugs

Anticonvulsants

Theoretically, glutamine might antagonize the effects of anticonvulsant medications.
Glutamine is metabolized to the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Glutamate might have antagonistic effects with anticonvulsant drugs. However, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Glutamine full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for GlutAbolic Exotic Punch, from the product label.

Chaotic-Labz

See all Chaotic-Labz products
Name
Bloodline Distribution, LLC.
City
Little Rock
State
AR
ZipCode
72202
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

GlutAbolic Exotic Punch by Chaotic-Labz: Common Questions

Does GlutAbolic Exotic Punch by Chaotic-Labz interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, GlutAbolic Exotic Punch has a known interaction with 254 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
GlutAbolic Exotic Punch contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is it safe to take this powder while I'm on blood pressure medication?
Not without checking first. The sodium in this product can reduce how well blood pressure medications work, potentially requiring dose adjustments. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before starting it if you take any blood pressure drugs.
What are the common side effects of this powder?
The glutamine ingredients can cause belching, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, headache, and musculoskeletal pain. These are usually mild, but if you experience persistent or severe symptoms, stop and contact your doctor.
Can I take this powder if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Glutamine is rated Likely Safe in pregnancy and lactation, but the sodium rating is mixed—some data suggests it may be Possibly Unsafe. There's also limited safety information for high supplemental doses while breastfeeding. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you during pregnancy or while nursing.
Is glutamine actually effective for muscle recovery after surgery?
Yes, glutamine is rated Possibly Effective for postoperative recovery. That said, the evidence isn't strong enough to guarantee results in every person—your individual outcome depends on many factors.
Does this product have anything in it besides the active ingredients?
Yes, it contains inactive ingredients: maltodextrin (a carbohydrate filler), natural and artificial flavors, citric acid, malic acid, sucralose (sweetener), and sipernat 50 (a flow agent). These are common in powders and don't add active effects.
Can I take this if I have kidney or liver disease?
The glutamine content should be used only under medical supervision if you have kidney or liver disease. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before using this powder.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

GlutAbolic Exotic Punch label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind GlutAbolic Exotic Punch’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Glutamine

Interacts with 50 drugs

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is usually made in your muscles. A prescription form is FDA-approved to help reduce sickle cell disease complications, but for most...

Read the full Glutamine monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

GlutAbolic Exotic Punch's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 49 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
  32. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
  33. Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
  34. Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
  35. Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
  36. Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
  37. George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
  38. Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed

See these in context on the Sodium monograph →

Glutamine 11 references
  1. Miller AL. Therapeutic considerations of L-glutamine: a review of the literature. Altern Med Rev 1999;4:239-48..
  2. Bozzetti F, Biganzoli L, Gavazzi C, et al. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a double-blind randomized study. Nutrition 1997;13:748-51.. PubMed
  3. Mebane AH. L-Glutamine and mania. Am J Psychiatry 984;141:1302-3.
  4. Meldrum BS. Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology. J Nutr 2000;130:1007S-15S.. PubMed
  5. Garlick PJ. Assessment of the safety of glutamine and other amino acids. J Nutr 2001;131:2556S-61S.. PubMed
  6. Chapman AG. Glutamate and epilepsy. J Nutr 2000;130:1043S-5S.. PubMed
  7. Ziegler TR. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving bone marrow transplantation and high dose chemotherapy. J Nutr 2001;131:2578S-84S.. PubMed
  8. Laviano A, Molfino A, Lacaria MT, Canelli A, De Leo S, Preziosa I, Rossi Fanelli F. Glutamine supplementation favors weight loss in nondieting obese female patients. A pilot study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Nov;68(11):1264-6. PubMed
  9. Endari (l-glutamine) [package insert]. Torrance, CA: Emmaus Medical,Inc; 2017.
  10. Niihara Y, Miller ST, Kanter J, et al. A Phase 3 Trial of l-Glutamine in Sickle Cell Disease. N Engl J Med 2018;379(3):226-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1715971.
  11. Ogden HB, Child RB, Fallowfield JL, et al. Gastrointestinal Tolerance of Low, Medium and High Dose Acute Oral l-Glutamine Supplementation in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):2953. PubMed

See these in context on the Glutamine monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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