Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 5 of 6 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Healthy Gums Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Village Vitality

Healthy Gums label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Healthy Gums against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Healthy Gums is a dietary supplement by Village Vitality with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for irritable bowel syndrome (ibs), indigestion and gas, nausea.Based on those ingredients, 992 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Clove Bud Essential Oil, Peppermint Leaf Essential Oil, Rosemary leaf essential oil. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Healthy Gums by Village Vitality

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Healthy Gums by Village Vitality — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Healthy Gums by Village Vitality

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 6 active ingredients.

Healthy Gums contains six active ingredients. Peppermint leaf essential oil, clove bud essential oil, oregano leaf essential oil, and rosemary leaf essential oil are concentrated plant extracts used for oral health.

Extra virgin olive fruit oil is a pressed plant oil. Tea tree leaf essential oil is also included.

No inactive ingredients are listed.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Healthy gums.
  • We looked for evidence on: Gingivitis, Dental plaque, Canker sores, Halitosis, Oral mucositis, Periodontal disease — and 3 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Rosemary is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Gingivitis (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Clove is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Dental plaque, Gingivitis, Oral mucositis, Halitosis.
  • Also on file: Oregano is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Gingivitis, Canker sores.

The data we hold shows effectiveness for only one of these ingredients. Peppermint is likely effective for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and possibly effective for indigestion, nausea from chemotherapy, and colonic spasm during barium enema.

For the other five ingredients, the evidence in our data is insufficient — meaning there isn't reliable data yet to rate how well they work for their intended purposes.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Peppermint Olive Clove Oregano Rosemary

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Peppermint leaf essential oil is likely safe in pregnancy and lactation. Orally, peppermint oil is generally well tolerated, though some people report abdominal pain, heartburn, nausea, dry mouth, or diarrhea.

Rare cases of severe allergic reactions and oral burns from undiluted oil have been reported. Clove bud oil is also likely safe in pregnancy and lactation when used as food, but concentrated medicinal doses are less studied; as a spice it's well tolerated, though 5–10 mL of pure oil can be toxic in children.

Oregano oil should be avoided in medicinal amounts during pregnancy, though food amounts are likely fine; safety during breastfeeding is not established. Rosemary food amounts are likely fine, but medicinal doses should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Extra virgin olive oil in typical food amounts is well tolerated and carries no documented safety concerns in pregnancy or lactation. We hold no safety data for tea tree leaf essential oil.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Peppermint Olive Clove Oregano Rosemary

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Rosemary, Clove, Oregano, Peppermint.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 993 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Healthy Gums, double-check with your pharmacist if you take diabetes medications, blood thinners (anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs), aspirin or aspirin-like pain relievers (salicylate drugs), heart medications (especially those broken down by CYP3A4, CYP2C9, or CYP2C19), or other drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 or CYP2D6 liver enzymes. All of these interactions are rated Moderate or Minor and haven't been confirmed in humans, but the risk warrants checking your specific medications.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is built on herbal oils used traditionally for mouth and gum health, but robust evidence for effectiveness is limited to peppermint for certain digestive conditions. If you take diabetes medications, blood thinners, heart drugs, or any CYP enzyme substrate, check your exact medications before starting — several ingredients can raise drug levels or affect blood sugar.

Talk with your pharmacist or doctor before using this, especially if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or on prescription medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 25, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Healthy Gums, straight from the product label.

Brand Village Vitality
Barcode (UPC) 788332201417
Net contents 1 Fluid Ounce(s); 30 Milliliter(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jul 25, 2024
DSLD ID 310240
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Healthy Gums by Village Vitality, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
10 Drop(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
10 Drop(s)
UPC/BARCODE
788332201417
IngredientAmount% DV
Peppermint Leaf Essential Oil0 NP--
Extra Virgin Olive Fruit Oil0 NP--
Clove Bud Essential Oil0 NP--
Oregano leaf essential oil0 NP--
Tea Tree Leaf Essential Oil0 NP--
Rosemary leaf essential oil0 NP--

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Apply a few drops directly to gums and massage in or as a mouthwash, blend 10 drops in a little water, 1-3 times daily. Do not swallow

Shake well before using.

Precautions

Do not swallow

Warnings: Keep out of the reach of children.

Formula

Healthy Gums (with Oregano Oil)

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Healthy Gums by Village Vitality label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Healthy Gums label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Healthy Gums by Village Vitality

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size10 Drop(s) Dosage formLiquid Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Peppermint Leaf Essential Oil

Interacts with
796 drugs
0 NP per serving

Peppermint is a popular herb with the best evidence supporting enteric-coated peppermint oil for easing IBS symptoms. It is generally well tolerated f...

Peppermint Leaf Essential Oil monograph & interactions

Extra Virgin Olive Fruit Oil

No known
interactions
0 NP per serving

Olive comes from the same tree that gives us olives and olive oil, and its leaf and fruit contain antioxidant compounds like oleuropein and hydroxytyr...

Extra Virgin Olive Fruit Oil monograph & interactions

Clove Bud Essential Oil

Interacts with
977 drugs
0 NP per serving Form: Eugenia caryophyllata Bud Essential Oil

Clove is a common cooking spice that is also used in traditional medicine, especially as a topical numbing agent for tooth pain thanks to its main com...

Clove Bud Essential Oil monograph & interactions

Oregano leaf essential oil

Interacts with
208 drugs
0 NP per serving

Oregano is a common Mediterranean cooking herb that is also sold as a concentrated oil or supplement, often standardized for a compound called carvacr...

Oregano leaf essential oil monograph & interactions

Tea Tree Leaf Essential Oil

0 NP per serving

Rosemary leaf essential oil

Interacts with
372 drugs
0 NP per serving

Rosemary is a fragrant Mediterranean herb that is safe and flavorful in normal food amounts. Some early research suggests possible benefits for memory...

Rosemary leaf essential oil monograph & interactions
Interaction report

Healthy Gums by Village Vitality Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Healthy Gums?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
992Drugs
992 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Clove Bud Essential Oil 977
Peppermint Leaf Essential Oil 796
Rosemary leaf essential oil 372
Oregano leaf essential oil 208

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Healthy Gums interact with 992 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 6 ingredients in Healthy Gums interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Clove Bud Essential Oil Peppermint Leaf Essential Oil Rosemary leaf essential oil Oregano leaf essential oil

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Healthy Gums with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Clove Bud Essential Oil7 drug types · 977 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove extracts with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical and laboratory research suggest that polyphenol extracts from clove flower buds might lower blood glucose levels. Dosing adjustments for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents may be necessary when taken with clove. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP1A2 in a dose-dependent manner,. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, inhibits CYP2C9 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP2D6 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, clove oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Laboratory research suggests that eugenol, a constituent of clove, has antiplatelet activity. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Ibuprofen (Advil, Others)

Theoretically, topical application of clove oil with ibuprofen might increase the absorption and side effects of topical ibuprofen.
Laboratory research shows that topical application of clove oil increases the absorption of topical ibuprofen. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Clove Bud Essential Oil full monograph & interactions

Peppermint Leaf Essential Oil5 drug types · 796 drugs

Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, peppermint oil might increase the levels and adverse effects of cyclosporine.
In animal research, peppermint oil inhibits cyclosporine metabolism and increases cyclosporine levels. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) may be partially responsible for this interaction. An interaction between peppermint oil and cyclosporine has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that peppermint oil inhibits CYP2C19. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that peppermint oil inhibits CYP2C9. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that a single dose of peppermint oil 600 mg inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes and increases the AUC of felodipine, a CYP3A4 substrate. However, in vitro research suggests that peppermint oil only inhibits CYP3A4 at very high concentrations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro and animal research shows that peppermint oil and peppermint leaf inhibit CYP1A2. However, in clinical research, peppermint tea did not significantly affect the metabolism of caffeine, a CYP1A2 substrate. It is possible that the 6-day duration of treatment may have been too short to identify a difference.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Peppermint Leaf Essential Oil full monograph & interactions

Rosemary leaf essential oil6 drug types · 372 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, rosemary may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that rosemary inhibits platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking rosemary with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research shows that rosemary extract can decrease blood glucose levels in diabetic models. However, research in humans is conflicting. Although rosemary powder decreased blood glucose levels in healthy adults, no change in blood glucose levels was seen in adults with type 2 diabetes, most of whom were taking antidiabetes drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Aspirin

Theoretically, rosemary might have additive effects with salicylate-containing drugs such as aspirin.
Rosemary is reported to contain salicylates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate (Trilisate)

Theoretically, rosemary might have additive effects with salicylate-containing drugs such as choline magnesium trisalicylate.
Rosemary is reported to contain salicylate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Salsalate (Disalcid)

Theoretically, rosemary might have additive effects with salicylate-containing drugs such as salsalate.
Rosemary is reported to contain salicylate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that rosemary induces CYP1A2 enzymes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Rosemary leaf essential oil full monograph & interactions

Oregano leaf essential oil2 drug types · 208 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that aristolochic acid isolated from oregano leaves has antithrombin activity. It has also been reported that oregano oil inhibits arachidonic acid-induced, and ADP-induced, platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk for hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
In vitro and animal research shows that oregano extracts might lower blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Oregano leaf essential oil full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Healthy Gums, from the product label.

Village Vitality

See all Village Vitality products
Name
Woodstock Apothecary
Street Address
79 Tinker Street
City
Woodstock
State
NY
ZipCode
12498
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Healthy Gums by Village Vitality: Common Questions

Does Healthy Gums by Village Vitality interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Healthy Gums has a known interaction with 992 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Healthy Gums contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does peppermint in this product really raise drug levels?
In lab tests, yes — peppermint oil inhibits liver enzymes that clear certain medications. One clinical study showed a 600 mg dose increased levels of a heart drug (felodipine). But that effect may need high concentrations, and it hasn't been reported in real-world use. Your pharmacist can check whether your specific drugs are at risk.
Is this safe if I take blood thinners?
There's a theoretical concern: clove, oregano, and rosemary oils all have antiplatelet activity and may increase bleeding risk. The interaction hasn't been reported in humans, but it's important enough to discuss with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, especially on anticoagulants like warfarin or clopidogrel.
Can I take this if I have diabetes?
Check with your doctor first. Clove, oregano, and rosemary extracts may lower blood sugar in lab and animal studies. If you're on insulin or diabetes pills, they may need adjustment, or your blood sugar could drop too low. Your pharmacist can help you weigh the risk.
Is this safe during pregnancy?
Peppermint and clove oils are likely safe in pregnancy. Oregano oil in medicinal amounts should be avoided. Rosemary in food amounts is likely fine, but medicinal doses are not advised. Because this is a liquid with essential oils, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting.
What is clove bud oil actually used for?
Clove is traditionally used for oral pain and gum health. The data shows only possibly effective for ventilator-associated pneumonia — evidence for dental uses isn't established in our data.
Can I use this if I'm nursing?
Peppermint and clove are likely safe. Oregano and rosemary safety while breastfeeding isn't established — stick to food amounts if you use them. Check with your pharmacist about this specific product to be sure.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Healthy Gums label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Healthy Gums’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Peppermint

Interacts with 796 drugs

Peppermint is a popular herb with the best evidence supporting enteric-coated peppermint oil for easing IBS symptoms. It is generally well tolerated for most adults, but it can cause heartbu...

Read the full Peppermint monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Olive

Olive comes from the same tree that gives us olives and olive oil, and its leaf and fruit contain antioxidant compounds like oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol. Olive oil as part of a Mediterrane...

Read the full Olive monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Clove

Interacts with 977 drugs

Clove is a common cooking spice that is also used in traditional medicine, especially as a topical numbing agent for tooth pain thanks to its main compound, eugenol. Food amounts are general...

Read the full Clove monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Oregano

Interacts with 208 drugs

Oregano is a common Mediterranean cooking herb that is also sold as a concentrated oil or supplement, often standardized for a compound called carvacrol. While lab studies suggest it may hav...

Read the full Oregano monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Rosemary

Interacts with 372 drugs

Rosemary is a fragrant Mediterranean herb that is safe and flavorful in normal food amounts. Some early research suggests possible benefits for memory, mood, and hair growth, but the evidenc...

Read the full Rosemary monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Healthy Gums's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 101 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Peppermint 41 references
  1. Liu JH, Chen GH, Yeh HZ, et al. Enteric-coated peppermint-oil capsules in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective, randomized trial. J Gastroenterol 1997;32:765-8. PubMed
  2. Pittler MH, Ernst E. Peppermint oil for irritable bowel syndrome: a critical review and metaanalysis. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:1131-5. PubMed
  3. Kline RM, Kline JJ, Di Palma J, Barbero GJ. Enteric-coated, pH-dependent peppermint oil capsules for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in children. J Pediatr 2001;138:125-8. PubMed
  4. Madisch A, Heydenreich CJ, Wieland V, et al. Treatment of functional dyspepsia with a fixed peppermint oil and caraway oil combination preparation as compared to cisapride. A multicenter, reference-controlled, double-blind equivalence study. Arzneimittel
  5. May B, Kuntz HD, Kieser M, Kohler S. Efficacy of a fixed peppermint oil/caraway oil combination in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Arzneimittelforschung 1996;46:1149-53.
  6. Micklefield GH, Greving I, May B. Effects of peppermint oil and caraway oil on gastroduodenal motility. Phytother Res 2000;14:20-3. DOI
  7. Morton CA, Garioch J, Todd P, et al. Contact sensitivity to menthol and peppermint in patients with intra-oral symptoms. Contact Dermatitis 1995;32:281-4. PubMed
  8. May B, Kohler S, Schneider B. Efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil in patients suffering from functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000;14:1671-7. PubMed
  9. Nash P, Gould SR, Bernardo DE. Peppermint oil does not relieve the pain of irritable bowel syndrome. Br J Clin Pract 1986;40:292-3. DOI
  10. Rees WD, Evans BK, Rhodes J. Treating irritable bowel syndrome with peppermint oil. Br Med J 1979;2:835-6. PubMed
  11. Davies SJ, Harding LM, Baranowski AP. A novel treatment of postherpetic neuralgia using peppermint oil. Clin J Pain 2002;18:200-2. PubMed
  12. Weston CF. Anal burning and peppermint oil. Postgrad Med J 1987;63:717. PubMed
  13. Dresser GK, Wacher V, Wong S, et al. Evaluation of peppermint oil and ascorbyl palmitate as inhibitors of cytochrome P4503A4 activity in vitro and in vivo. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;72:247-55. PubMed
  14. Wacher VJ, Wong S, Wong HT. Peppermint oil enhances cyclosporine oral bioavailability in rats: comparison with D-alpha-tocopheryl poly(ethylene glycol 1000) succinate (TPGS) and ketoconazole. J Pharm Sci 2002;91:77-90.
  15. Lawson MJ, Knight RE, Tran K, et al. Failure of enteric-coated peppermint oil in the irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized double-blind crossover study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1988;3:235-8. DOI
  16. Unger M, Frank A. Simultaneous determination of the inhibitory potency of herbal extracts on the activity of six major cytochrome P450 enzymes using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and automated online extraction. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2004;1 PubMed
  17. Maliakal PP, Wanwimolruk S. Effect of herbal teas on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001;53:1323-9. PubMed
  18. Rogers SN, Pahor AL. A form of stomatitis induced by excessive peppermint consumption. Dent Update 1995;22:36-7.
  19. Cappello G, Spezzaferro M, Grossi L, et al. Peppermint oil (Mintoil) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective double blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Dig Liver Dis 2007;39:530-6. PubMed
  20. Moghadam BK, Gier R, and Thurlow T. Extensive oral mucosal ulcerations caused by misuse of a commercial mouthwash. Cutis 1999;64:131-134.
  21. Andersen, K. E. Contact allergy to toothpaste flavors. Contact Dermatitis 1978;4(4):195-198. PubMed
  22. Barnard, D. R. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. 1999;36(5):625-629. PubMed
  23. Tamir, S., Davidovich, Z., Attal, P., and Eliashar, R. Peppermint oil chemical burn. Otolaryngol.Head Neck Surg. 2005;133(5):801-802. PubMed
  24. Kalavala, M., Hughes, T. M., Goodwin, R. G., Anstey, A. V., and Stone, N. M. Allergic contact dermatitis to peppermint foot spray. Contact Dermatitis 2007;57(1):57-58. PubMed
  25. Vermaat, H., van Meurs, T., Rustemeyer, T., Bruynzeel, D. P., and Kirtschig, G. Vulval allergic contact dermatitis due to peppermint oil in herbal tea. Contact Dermatitis 2008;58(6):364-365. PubMed
  26. Merat, S., Khalili, S., Mostajabi, P., Ghorbani, A., Ansari, R., and Malekzadeh, R. The effect of enteric-coated, delayed-release peppermint oil on irritable bowel syndrome. Dig.Dis.Sci. 2010;55(5):1385-1390. PubMed
  27. Tran, A., Pratt, M., and DeKoven, J. Acute allergic contact dermatitis of the lips from peppermint oil in a lip balm. Dermatitis 2010;21(2):111-115. DOI
  28. Hitz, Lindenmuller, I and Lambrecht, J. T. Oral care. Curr Probl.Dermatol 2011;40:107-115.
  29. Shavakhi, A., Ardestani, S. K., Taki, M., Goli, M., and Keshteli, A. H. Premedication with peppermint oil capsules in colonoscopy: a double blind placebo-controlled randomized trial study. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2012;75(3):349-353.
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Olive 2 references
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Clove 26 references
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Oregano 12 references
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See these in context on the Oregano monograph →

Rosemary 20 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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