Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Healthy Prostate Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Dr. David Williams

Healthy Prostate label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Healthy Prostate against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Healthy Prostate is a dietary supplement by Dr. David Williams with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for thyroid health support, antioxidant support, immune support.Based on those ingredients, 343 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Selenium, Saw Palmetto extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Healthy Prostate by Dr. David Williams

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Healthy Prostate by Dr. David Williams — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Healthy Prostate by Dr. David Williams

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 6, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Healthy Prostate contains five active ingredients. Selenium is a mineral that your body needs in small amounts for normal function.

Saw palmetto extract comes from the berry of a small palm tree and has traditionally been used for prostate health. Meriva Curcumin Phytosome is a form of curcumin, a compound from turmeric.

Beta-sitosterol is a plant sterol found naturally in seeds, nuts, and vegetable oils. Picea abies lignan extract is derived from spruce wood.

The softgel capsule also contains several inactive ingredients including sunflower oil, gelatin, glycerin, and other binders and fillers.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Prostate health.
  • We looked for evidence on: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), Non-neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), Prostate enlargement, Urinary flow, BPH symptoms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Beta-sitosterol is rated "Likely Effective" for Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Saw Palmetto is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  • Also on file: Beta-sitosterol is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).

Selenium is likely effective for treating selenium deficiency and possibly effective for Kashin-Beck disease, pre-eclampsia, and autoimmune thyroiditis, though research shows it's possibly ineffective for improving dyslipidemia (abnormal blood fat levels). Saw palmetto extract is possibly effective for recovery after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) but possibly ineffective for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)—evidence is insufficient for its use in chronic bronchitis, androgenic alopecia (male-pattern hair loss), or lower urinary tract symptoms.

Beta-sitosterol is likely effective for benign prostatic hyperplasia and possibly effective for familial hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease. We hold no effectiveness ratings for Meriva Curcumin Phytosome or Picea abies lignan extract.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Selenium Saw Palmetto Beta-sitosterol

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Selenium is generally well-tolerated in small, normal dietary amounts, but excess doses can be toxic and cause hair loss, skin rashes, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, nail problems, and in rare cases multi-organ failure. High doses (above 400 mcg daily) increase the risk of skin cancer and may damage motor nerves.

Saw palmetto is usually mild and well-tolerated; common side effects include abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, nausea, and decreased libido. Rare cases of heart rhythm problems, high blood pressure, and a blistering skin rash have been reported.

Beta-sitosterol is generally well-tolerated; common side effects are gas, indigestion, constipation, diarrhea, and nausea. It may worsen acne and has rarely been associated with pancreatitis.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Selenium Saw Palmetto Beta-sitosterol

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Saw Palmetto, Selenium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs.
  • For scale: 343 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, talk with your doctor or pharmacist if you're on blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (like warfarin, aspirin, or clopidogrel)—selenium and saw palmetto may increase bleeding risk. If you take birth control pills or estrogen therapy, saw palmetto may reduce their effectiveness.

Those on immunosuppressants or barbiturates should also clear it first, as selenium may interfere with how these work. High-dose selenium above 400 mcg daily is not recommended without medical supervision.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Healthy Prostate is designed for prostate and urinary health with ingredients like saw palmetto and beta-sitosterol that show some evidence for these uses. However, if you take blood thinners, birth control, immunosuppressants, barbiturates, or warfarin, this product carries documented interactions you need to discuss with your doctor or pharmacist first.

Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid it, especially because of saw palmetto. Check your full medication list before starting.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 23, 2020.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Healthy Prostate, straight from the product label.

Brand Dr. David Williams
Barcode (UPC) 678829241449
Net contents 60 Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jul 23, 2020
DSLD ID 230463
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult Male (18-50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Healthy Prostate by Dr. David Williams, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
678829241449
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories5 Calorie(s)--
Selenium100 mcg182%
Total Fat0.5 Gram(s)1%
Saw Palmetto extract160 mg--
Meriva Curcumin Phytosome125 mg--
Beta Sitosterol30 mg--
Picea abies lignan extract15 mg--

Other ingredients: Sunflower Oil, Gelatin, Glycerin, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Beeswax, Dicalcium Phosphate, purified Water, Carob extract, Sunflower Lecithin, Silica

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Almost out? Call 1-800-888-1415 or visit drwilliams.com Choose autodelivery, get free shipping forever

Formulation

Unconditionally guaranteed for purity and labeled potency.

Promotes healthy prostate function and urinary flow

GF Gluten Free

Storage

Store bottle with cap tightly closed in a cool, dry place.

Precautions

Precautions: Consult a health care practitioner before use if you have a serious medical condition or use any medications, including blood thinners.

Not intended for use by women.

Keep out of reach of children.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Meriva is a registered trademark of Indena S.p.A. HMRlignan is a trademark of Linnea.

Formula

Standardization levels: Saw Palmetto Extract: 85–95% free fatty acids

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Doctor’s Suggested Use: Take 2 softgels daily- 1 softgel with a morning meal and 1 softgel with an evening meal.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Healthy Prostate by Dr. David Williams label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Healthy Prostate label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Healthy Prostate by Dr. David Williams

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Selenium

Interacts with
321 drugs
100 mcg per serving Form: Selenomethionine

Selenium is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for thyroid function, antioxidant defense, and immune health. Most people who...

Selenium monograph & interactions

Saw Palmetto extract

Interacts with
174 drugs
160 mg per serving

Saw palmetto is a plant extract most often used for urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate (BPH). The best research suggests it works no bett...

Saw Palmetto extract monograph & interactions

Meriva Curcumin Phytosome

125 mg per serving Form: Sunflower Lecithin, Turmeric extract

Beta Sitosterol

No known
interactions
30 mg per serving Form: Vegetable Oil

Beta-sitosterol is a plant sterol that may modestly lower LDL ('bad') cholesterol and may help ease urinary symptoms from an enlarged prostate. Eviden...

Beta Sitosterol monograph & interactions

Picea abies lignan extract

15 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Sunflower Oil, Gelatin, Glycerin, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Beeswax, Dicalcium Phosphate, Purified Water, Carob extract, Sunflower Lecithin, Silica. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Healthy Prostate by Dr. David Williams Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Healthy Prostate?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
343Drugs
340 Moderate 3 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Selenium 321
Saw Palmetto extract 174

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Healthy Prostate interact with 343 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 5 ingredients in Healthy Prostate interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Selenium Saw Palmetto extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Healthy Prostate with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Selenium6 drug types · 321 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Selenium may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Clinical research suggests that taking selenium 10 mcg/kg/day can increase bleeding times by increasing prostacyclin production, which inhibits platelet activity. Other clinical research suggests that taking selenium 75 mcg daily, in combination with ascorbic acid 600 mg, alpha-tocopherol 300 mg, and beta-carotene 27 mg, reduces platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Barbiturates

Theoretically, selenium might prolong the sedating effects of barbiturates.
Laboratory research suggests that selenium can inhibit the hepatic metabolism of barbiturates. Selenium seems to prolong the sedative effect of pentobarbital in animal models.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, selenium supplementation may reduce the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
In vitro research and preliminary clinical evidence suggests that selenium may stimulate the immune system.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, selenium might interfere with warfarin activity.
Animal research suggests that selenium can increase warfarin activity. Selenium might interact with warfarin by displacing it from albumin binding sites, reducing its metabolism in the liver, or by decreasing production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Selenium can also prolong bleeding times in humans by increasing prostacyclin production, which inhibits platelet activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Contraceptive drugs might increase levels of selenium, although the clinical significance of this effect is unclear.
Some research suggests that oral contraceptives increase serum selenium levels in women taking oral contraceptives; however, other research shows no change in selenium levels. It is suggested that an increase could be due to increased carrier proteins, indicating a redistribution of selenium rather than a change in total body selenium.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Niacin

Selenium might reduce the beneficial effects of niacin on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels.
A combination of niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) effectively raises HDL cholesterol levels in patients with coronary disease and low HDL levels. Clinical research shows that taking a combination of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and selenium) along with niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) attenuates this rise in HDL, specifically the HDL-2 and apolipoprotein A1 fractions, by more than 50% in patients with coronary disease. It is not known whether this adverse effect is due to a single antioxidant such as selenium, or to the combination. It also is not known whether it will occur in other patient populations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Selenium full monograph & interactions

Saw Palmetto extract3 drug types · 174 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Saw palmetto is reported to prolong bleeding time. Theoretically, it might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Saw palmetto might reduce the effectiveness of contraceptive drugs.
Saw palmetto might have antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, it might interfere with contraceptive drugs taken concomitantly.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Estrogens

Saw palmetto might reduce the effectiveness of estrogens.
Saw palmetto might have antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, it might interfere with estrogens taken concomitantly.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Saw Palmetto extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Healthy Prostate, from the product label.

Dr. David Williams

See all Dr. David Williams products
Name
Healthy Directions
City
Bethesda
State
MD
ZipCode
20817
Web Address
healthydirections.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Healthy Prostate by Dr. David Williams: Common Questions

Does Healthy Prostate by Dr. David Williams interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Healthy Prostate has a known interaction with 343 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Healthy Prostate contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this product safe if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
No—saw palmetto is likely unsafe during pregnancy and breastfeeding because of possible hormone effects and lack of safety data. Beta-sitosterol also has insufficient safety information for both. Selenium has mixed data (possibly safe for lactation but possibly unsafe in pregnancy). Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product if you're pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or nursing.
What are the main side effects I might experience?
Most common are mild digestive issues: constipation, diarrhea, gas, nausea, and indigestion from beta-sitosterol and saw palmetto. Saw palmetto may also cause dizziness, headache, or decreased libido. At normal doses, selenium is well-tolerated, but high doses can cause hair loss, rashes, and fatigue. If you exceed 400 mcg daily, serious toxicity is possible.
Does this product actually help with prostate health?
Beta-sitosterol is likely effective for benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate). Saw palmetto shows possibly effective evidence for recovery after a specific prostate procedure (TURP) but possibly ineffective for general BPH. Evidence for the other ingredients' prostate benefits isn't established in our data, so talk with your doctor about what you're hoping to treat.
Can I take this with my birth control pills?
Saw palmetto may reduce how well birth control works because of its antiestrogen effects, so you should check with your doctor or pharmacist first. Selenium at normal levels may slightly raise birth control levels in your blood, though the real-world meaning of this is unclear. Don't assume you're protected—get personal advice from your healthcare provider.
Is it okay to take high doses of selenium from this product?
No—stay within 400 mcg daily as the safe upper limit. Higher doses can cause toxicity, including hair loss, skin rashes, nausea, and nerve damage. This product should be used as directed on the label. If you're considering higher doses for any reason, check with your doctor first.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Healthy Prostate label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Healthy Prostate’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Selenium

Interacts with 321 drugs

Selenium is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for thyroid function, antioxidant defense, and immune health. Most people who eat a varied diet get enough, and supple...

Read the full Selenium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Saw Palmetto

Interacts with 174 drugs

Saw palmetto is a plant extract most often used for urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate (BPH). The best research suggests it works no better than a placebo for most men, though i...

Read the full Saw Palmetto monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Beta-sitosterol

Beta-sitosterol is a plant sterol that may modestly lower LDL ('bad') cholesterol and may help ease urinary symptoms from an enlarged prostate. Evidence is moderate for these uses and weaker...

Read the full Beta-sitosterol monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Healthy Prostate's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 65 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Selenium 36 references
  1. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/books/0309069351/html/.
  2. Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1583-93. DOI
  3. Trafikowska U, Zachara BA, Wiacek M, et al. Selenium supply and glutathione peroxidase activity in breastfed Polish infants. Acta Paediatr 1996;85:1143-5. PubMed
  4. Duffield-Lillico AJ, Slate EH, Reid ME, et al. Selenium supplementation and secondary prevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer in a randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1477-81.. PubMed
  5. Cheung MC, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Antioxidant supplements block the response of HDL to simvastatin-niacin therapy in patients with coronary artery disease and low HDL. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001;21:1320-6. PubMed
  6. Schiavon R, Freeman GE, Guidi GC, et al. Selenium enhances prostacyclin production by cultured endothelial cells: possible explanation for increased bleeding times in volunteers taking selenium as a dietary supplement. Thromb Res 1984;34:389-96. PubMed
  7. Davila JC, Edds GT, Osuna O, Simpson CF. Modification of the effects of aflatoxin B1 and warfarin in young pigs given selenium. Am J Vet Res 1983;44:1877-83. DOI
  8. Heese HD, Lawrence MA, Dempster WS, Pocock F. Reference concentrations of serum selenium and manganese in healthy nulliparas. S Afr Med J 1988;73:163-5.
  9. Lloyd B, Lloyd RS, Clayton BE. Effect of smoking, alcohol and other factors on the selenium status of a healthy population. J Epidemiol Commun Health 1983;37:213-7. PubMed
  10. Capel ID, Jenner M, Williams DC, et al. The effect of prolonged oral contraceptive steroid use on erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity. J Steroid Biochem 1981;14:729-32. PubMed
  11. Contempre B, Dumont JE, Ngo B, et al. Effect of selenium supplementation in hypothyroid subjects of an iodine and selenium deficient area: the possible danger of indiscriminate supplementation of iodine-deficient subjects with selenium. J Clin Endocrinol PubMed
  12. Hofbauer LC, Spitzweg C, Magerstadt RA, Heufelder AE. Selenium-induced thyroid dysfunction. Postgrad Med J 1997;73:103-4. PubMed
  13. Debski B, Milner JA. Dietary selenium supplementation prolongs pentobarbital induced hypnosis. J Nutr Biochem 2004;15:548-53. PubMed
  14. Ishikawa M, Sasaki M, Koiwai K, et al. Inhibition of hepatic mixed-function oxidase enzymes in mice by acute and chronic treatment with selenium. J Pharmacobiodyn 1992;15:377-85. PubMed
  15. Lippmann SM, Klein EA, Goodman PJ, et al. Effect of selenium and vitamin E on risk of prostate cancer and other cancers: the selenium and vitamin E cancer prevention trial (SELECT). JAMA 2009;301:39-51. DOI
  16. Reid SM, Middleton P, Cossich MC, Crowther CA. Interventions for clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;(7):CD007752. PubMed
  17. Vinceti, M., Wei, E. T., Malagoli, C., Bergomi, M., and Vivoli, G. Adverse health effects of selenium in humans. Rev.Environ.Health 2001;16(4):233-251. PubMed
  18. Abrams, C. K., Siram, S. M., Galsim, C., Johnson-Hamilton, H., Munford, F. L., and Mezghebe, H. Selenium deficiency in long-term total parenteral nutrition. Nutr Clin Pract 1992;7(4):175-178. PubMed
  19. Spiller, H. A. and Pfiefer, E. Two fatal cases of selenium toxicity. Forensic Sci Int 8-24-2007;171(1):67-72. PubMed
  20. Negro, R., Greco, G., Mangieri, T., Pezzarossa, A., Dazzi, D., and Hassan, H. The influence of selenium supplementation on postpartum thyroid status in pregnant women with thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies. J Clin Endocrinol.Metab 2007;92(4):1263-1268. PubMed
  21. Alexander, J. Selenium. Novartis.Found.Symp 2007;282:143-149.
  22. Salonen, J. T., Salonen, R., Seppanen, K., Rinta-Kiikka, S., Kuukka, M., Korpela, H., Alfthan, G., Kantola, M., and Schalch, W. Effects of antioxidant supplementation on platelet function: a randomized pair-matched, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial
  23. Kupka, R., Mugusi, F., Aboud, S., Msamanga, G. I., Finkelstein, J. L., Spiegelman, D., and Fawzi, W. W. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of selenium supplements among HIV-infected pregnant women in Tanzania: effects on maternal and chil
  24. Kamble, P., Mohsin, N., Jha, A., Date, A., Upadhaya, A., Mohammad, E., Khalil, M., Pakkyara, A., and Budruddin, M. Selenium intoxication with selenite broth resulting in acute renal failure and severe gastritis. Saudi.J Kidney Dis.Transpl. 2009;20(1):106
  25. Peretz, A., Neve, J., Desmedt, J., Duchateau, J., Dramaix, M., and Famaey, J. P. Lymphocyte response is enhanced by supplementation of elderly subjects with selenium-enriched yeast. Am.J Clin.Nutr. 1991;53(5):1323-1328. PubMed
  26. Kumpulainen, J., Salmenpera, L., Siimes, M. A., Koivistoinen, P., and Perheentupa, J. Selenium status of exclusively breast-fed infants as influenced by maternal organic or inorganic selenium supplementation. Am.J Clin.Nutr. 1985;42(5):829-835. PubMed
  27. Han, L. and Zhou, S. M. Selenium supplement in the prevention of pregnancy induced hypertension. Chin Med J (Engl) 1994;107(11):870-871.
  28. Kiremidjian-Schumacher, L., Roy, M., Wishe, H. I., Cohen, M. W., and Stotzky, G. Supplementation with selenium and human immune cell functions. II. Effect on cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Biol.Trace Elem.Res. 1994;41(1-2):115-127. PubMed
  29. Srivastava, A. K., Gupta, B. N., Bihari, V., and Gaur, J. S. Generalized hair loss and selenium exposure. Vet.Hum.Toxicol. 1995;37(5):468-469.
  30. Sudfeld CR, Aboud S, Kupka R, et al. Effect of selenium supplementation on HIV-1 RNA detection in breast milk of Tanzanian women. Nutrition 2014;30(9):1081-4. PubMed
  31. Rees K, Hartley L, Day C, et al. Selenium supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;1:CD009671. PubMed
  32. Thompson PA, Ashbeck EL, Roe DJ, et al. Selenium Supplementation for Prevention of Colorectal Adenomas and Risk of Associated Type 2 Diabetes. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2016;108(12). PubMed
  33. Wichman J, Winther KH, Bonnema SJ, Hegedüs L. Selenium supplementation significantly reduces thyroid autoantibody levels in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thyroid 2016;26(12):1681-92. PubMed
  34. Vinceti M, Filippini T, Rothman KJ. Selenium exposure and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2018 Sep;33(9):789-810. Epub 2018 Jul 5. Review. PubMed
  35. Fallah S, Sani FV, Firoozrai M. Effect of contraceptive pill on the selenium and zinc status of healthy subjects. Contraception. 2009;80(1):40-3. PubMed
  36. Malpas CB, Vivash L, Genc S, et al. A Phase IIa Randomized Control Trial of VEL015 (Sodium Selenate) in Mild-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;54(1):223-232. PubMed

See these in context on the Selenium monograph →

Saw Palmetto 22 references
  1. Wilt TJ, Ishani A, Stark G, et al. Saw palmetto extracts for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review. JAMA 1998;280:1604-9. PubMed
  2. Carraro JC, Raynaud JP, Koch G, et al. Comparison of phytotherapy (Permixon) with finasteride in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia: a randomized international study of 1,098 patients. Prostate 1996;29:231-40. DOI
  3. Di Silverio F, D'Eramo G, Lubrano C, et al. Evidence that Serenoa repens extract displays an antiestrogenic activity in prostatic tissue of benign prostatic hypertrophy patients. Eur Urol 1992;21:309-14. PubMed
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See these in context on the Saw Palmetto monograph →

Beta-sitosterol 7 references
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See these in context on the Beta-sitosterol monograph →

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