Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Immune Guardian Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by NaturaNectar

Immune Guardian label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Immune Guardian against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Immune Guardian is a dietary supplement by NaturaNectar with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for cold sores and herpes lesions (topical), sore throat and mouth sores, wound and skin healing.Based on those ingredients, 954 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Brazilian Bee Propolis. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Immune Guardian by NaturaNectar

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Immune Guardian by NaturaNectar — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Immune Guardian by NaturaNectar

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 6, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • “Brazilian Bee Propolis” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (150 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Immune Guardian contains 5 active ingredients: chrysin, flavonoids, pinocembrin, tecto-chrysin, and galangin, along with Brazilian bee propolis as a source ingredient. These are plant-derived compounds found in bee products and plant resins, traditionally used to support immune function.

The product is filled out with inactive ingredients — cellulose, magnesium stearate, and silicon dioxide — which are standard capsule binders and flow agents.

Does it work?

Couldn't assess
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not assessable

We hold no graded evidence for this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: immune support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), Herpes labialis (cold sores), Genital herpes, Canker sores, Oral mucositis, Gingivitis — and 4 related terms.
  • Our graded evidence for these ingredients doesn't cover that particular purpose.

The evidence for chrysin — the one ingredient we have effectiveness data for — is insufficient to reliably rate it for anxiety, athletic performance, cancer, HIV/AIDS, muscle strength, or gout. We don't hold effectiveness ratings for flavonoids, pinocembrin, tecto-chrysin, or galangin in this product.

If you're considering Immune Guardian for a specific health goal, talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether the evidence supports its use for your situation.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Propolis Chrysin

How safe is it?

Some data gaps
Safety Information · database check
Some gaps

Safety data exists for these ingredients, but with some important gaps.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 0 of the 1 matched ingredient.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 1 of 1.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 1 of 1.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Chrysin appears to be generally well tolerated in short-term use, but long-term safety hasn't been well studied. The safety data advises against using this product during pregnancy or while breastfeeding due to insufficient information.

For the other ingredients — flavonoids, pinocembrin, tecto-chrysin, and galangin — we don't have safety data on file.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Propolis Chrysin

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 1 of the 1 matched ingredient can interact with medications — Chrysin.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs.
  • For scale: 358 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Immune Guardian, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel) — chrysin may increase bleeding risk. Also flag estrogen-based contraceptives or hormone therapy, aromatase inhibitors for cancer, diclofenac for pain, or mephenytoin for seizures, as chrysin may affect how these work.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no assessable stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and some safety-information gaps remain.

This product carries documented interactions with blood thinners, hormonal contraceptives, estrogen therapy, and several other medication types. If you take any prescription drugs, especially for blood clotting, hormones, or seizures, check your medications with your doctor or pharmacist before starting.

Long-term safety data is limited, and it's not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 1 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 23, 2021.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Immune Guardian, straight from the product label.

Brand NaturaNectar
Net contents 30 Vegetable Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 23, 2021
DSLD ID 250471
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating), Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Immune Guardian by NaturaNectar, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
IngredientAmount% DV
Chrysin0 NP--
Flavonoids0 NP--
Pinocembrin0 NP--
Tecto-Chrysin0 NP--
Galangin0 NP--
Brazilian Bee Propolis150 mg--

Other ingredients: Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

A trusted brand based on our scientific understanding of the magnificent benefits of honeybees and their bee propolis At NaturaNectar, we understand the nature and science behind the beehive and find our inspiration there. With the same focus and dedication of the honeybees to build sustainable and productive hives with their propolis, our company is dedicated to bringing you wellness products imbued with the same protective propolis to help you live an active and healthy life. We commit our corporate resources to the vital research needed to ensure that honeybees continue to be nature's true marvels as well as supporting the surrounding communities that help harvest our bee propolis in a sustainable way. We invite you to learn more at: beethereinitiative.com Quality from the source. NaturaNectar's sister company ALMAR Apiary is located in beautiful Brazil, the home of the verdant rain forests, where the world's finest and purest bee propolis is harvested. Our ground breaking and effective products are sourced for you directly from the Brazilian honeybees and their bio diverse forests! 30+ years perfecting the most advanced standardized propolis extracts Through our partnership with PRC-Propolis Research Center, our standardized, 100% water-based pure propolis extracts have become the foundation of NaturaNectar's extensive product line. The mission of NaturaNectar is to protect and activate wellness naturally through our commitment to developing trusted, science-based, doctor-formulated products while being socially and environmentally responsible. Protect & activate wellness naturally

naturanectar.com/immune-guardian

Formula

5% Brazilian red propolis

NaturaNectar Immune Guardian features a 30 year old, original formula from Salomon propolis that has helped Scandinavians and Europeans stay healthy for three decades. Each convenient one capsule dosage of Immune Guardian delivers a whopping 150 mg of NaturaNectar's FLAV-M15. This be propolis extract is derived from our exclusive Green Extraction and free from harsh chemicals and impurities. FLAV-M15, precursor of FLAV-M, has been scientifically studied to provide immune system support. It uses geographically disperse bee propolis (brown, green and red) from Brazil, which enhances the diversity and synergies of its health supporting flavonoids.

Premium Brazilian propolis

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Every day & at onset

Directions: Take one capsule by mouth three times a day at onset. Take one or two capsules by mouth a day for every-day immune support. May be taken in conjunction with our other unique life solutions daily or as recommended to help protect and activate your wellness naturally.

Formulation

Brazilian bee propolis immune support Natural ingredients

Gluten free

My Wellness Zone This product supports the health of: Immune - Respiratory Systems Lung - Bronchi Cells G Extraction FLAV-M15 is obtained by NaturaNectar’s exclusive Green Extraction for purity, standardization and potency

NaturaNectar Immune Guardian does not contain alcohol, sugar, starch, wheat, gluten, yeast, milk (lactose), egg, shellfish, artificial preservatives, flavors, dyes or colors.

Technology from Denmark

FDA Statement of Identity

Daily Dietary Supplement

Precautions

Caution: As with any nutritional supplement, it is advised to consult your physician before taking, especially if pre-existing conditions are present.

Do not take if pregnant or breastfeeding.

Use with caution if allergic to bee products.

Keep out of reach of children.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Seals/Symbols

cGMP Certified Facility

Brand IP Statement(s)

Copyright 2013 NaturaNectar LLC

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Immune Guardian by NaturaNectar label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Immune Guardian label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Immune Guardian by NaturaNectar

This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Brazilian Bee Propolis

Interacts with
921 drugs
150 mg per serving

Propolis is a natural, resin-like substance made by bees that has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties in lab studies. Early research sugges...

Brazilian Bee Propolis monograph & interactions
  • › Chrysin
  • › Flavonoids
  • › Pinocembrin
  • › Tecto-Chrysin
  • › Galangin

Other (inactive) ingredients: Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Immune Guardian by NaturaNectar Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Immune Guardian?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
954Drugs
929 Moderate 25 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Brazilian Bee Propolis 921

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Immune Guardian interact with 954 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 1 ingredient in Immune Guardian interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Brazilian Bee Propolis

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Immune Guardian with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Brazilian Bee Propolis8 drug types · 921 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, propolis might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
In vitro research shows that propolis water extract and the propolis constituent, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, can inhibit platelet aggregation. Additionally, evidence from an animal model shows that taking propolis in addition to warfarin decreases INR, suggesting that propolis can decrease the effectiveness of warfarin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research shows that propolis extract can inhibit CYP1A2. However, animal research shows that propolis extract does not significantly affect CYP1A2 activity when administered to rats at doses up to 250 mg/kg. It is postulated that the constituents of propolis that inhibit CYP1A2 in vitro do not have significant effects in vivo due to low bioavailability and hepatic first-pass effect. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro research shows that propolis extract can inhibit CYP2C19. However, animal research shows that propolis extract does not significantly affect CYP2C19 activity when administered to rats at doses up to 250 mg/kg. It is postulated that the constituents of propolis that inhibit CYP2C19 in vitro do not have significant effects in vivo due to low bioavailability and hepatic first-pass effect. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that propolis extract can inhibit CYP2C9. However, animal research shows that propolis extract does not significantly affect CYP2C9 activity when administered to rats at doses up to 250 mg/kg. It is postulated that the constituents of propolis that inhibit CYP2C9 in vitro do not have significant effects in vivo due to low bioavailability and hepatic first-pass effect. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that propolis extract can inhibit CYP2D6. However, animal research shows that propolis extract does not significantly affect CYP2D6 activity when administered to rats at doses up to 250 mg/kg. It is postulated that the constituents of propolis that inhibit CYP2D6 in vitro do not have significant effects in vivo due to low bioavailability and hepatic first-pass effect. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates

Theoretically, propolis might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
In vitro research shows that propolis can inhibit CYP2E1. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Some in vitro research shows that propolis extract can inhibit CYP3A4; however, other in vitro research shows that propolis has no effect on CYP3A4 activity. Furthermore, animal research shows that propolis extract does not significantly affect CYP3A4 activity when administered to rats at doses up to 250 mg/kg. It is postulated that the constituents of propolis that might in inhibit CYP3A4 in vitro do not have significant effects in vivo due to low bioavailability and hepatic first-pass effect. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, propolis might decrease the effectiveness of warfarin.
Animal research shows that taking propolis in addition to warfarin decreases the international normalized ratio (INR). This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Brazilian Bee Propolis full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Immune Guardian, from the product label.

NaturaNectar

See all NaturaNectar products
Name
NaturaNectar LLC
Street Address
1560 Sawgrass Corporate Pkwy, 4th Floor
City
Sunrise
State
FL
ZipCode
33323
Phone Number
1-800-609-7794
Web Address
www.naturanectar.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Immune Guardian by NaturaNectar: Common Questions

Does Immune Guardian by NaturaNectar interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Immune Guardian has a known interaction with 954 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Immune Guardian contains a single active ingredient, and that one ingredient can interact with many different medications on its own. We check it against each medication and show the mechanism responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this with my birth control pills?
The chrysin in this product may theoretically reduce how well estrogen-containing contraceptives work. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before combining them — they'll help you figure out if this is safe for you or if timing or monitoring matters.
Will this help my immune system?
The evidence for the ingredients we have data on — like chrysin — isn't strong enough to reliably say whether it boosts immunity. Talk with your doctor if you're looking for proven immune support.
Is it safe to take long-term?
Short-term use appears well tolerated, but we don't have good data on what happens with long-term daily use. If you're thinking of taking it regularly, discuss that with your doctor or pharmacist.
Can I use this while pregnant or nursing?
The safety data advises against it — there isn't enough information to know if it's safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Talk with your obstetrician or midwife before considering it.
What exactly is in this formula?
It's a blend of five plant-derived compounds — chrysin, flavonoids, pinocembrin, tecto-chrysin, and galangin — sourced from bee propolis and plants, plus standard capsule fillers. We have interaction and safety data for chrysin, but not for the other four ingredients.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Immune Guardian is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Immune Guardian label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Immune Guardian’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Propolis

Interacts with 921 drugs

Propolis is a natural, resin-like substance made by bees that has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties in lab studies. Early research suggests it may help with cold sores, mouth so...

Read the full Propolis monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Chrysin

Interacts with 358 drugs

Chrysin is a plant flavonoid sold mainly as a bodybuilding supplement claimed to raise testosterone or block estrogen, but human studies have not shown these benefits, largely because the bo...

Read the full Chrysin monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Immune Guardian's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 44 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Chrysin 23 references
  1. Galijatovic A, Otake Y, Walle UK, Walle T. Extensive metabolism of the flavonoid chrysin by human Caco-2 and Hep G2 cells. Xenobiotica 1999;29:1241-56. PubMed
  2. Lee H, Yeom H, Kim YG, et al. Structure-related inhibition of human hepatic caffeine N3-demethylation by naturally occurring flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol 1998;55:1369-75. PubMed
  3. Galijatovic A, Walle UK, Walle T. Induction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase by the flavonoids chrysin and quercetin in Caco-2 cells. Pharm Res 2000;17:21-6.
  4. Walle UK, Galijatovic A, Walle T. Transport of the flavonoid chrysin and its conjugated metabolites by the human intestinal cell line Caco-2. Biochem Pharmacol 1999;58:431-8. PubMed
  5. Kao YC, Zhou C, Sherman M, et al. Molecular basis of the inhibition of human aromatase (estrogen synthetase) by flavone and isoflavone phytoestrogens: A site-directed mutagenesis study. Environ Health Perspect 1998;106:85-92. PubMed
  6. Jeong HJ, Shin YG, Kim IH, Pezzuto JM. Inhibition of aromatase activity by flavonoids. Arch Pharm Res 1999;22:309-12. PubMed
  7. Walle T, Otake Y, Galijatovic A, et al. Induction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A1 by the flavonoid chrysin in the human hepatoma cell line hep G2. Drug Metab Dispos 2000;28:1077-82. DOI
  8. Walle T, Otake Y, Brubaker JA, et al. Disposition and metabolism of the flavonoid chrysin in normal volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2001;51:143-6. DOI
  9. Galijatovic A, Otake Y, Walle UK, Walle T. Induction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A1 by the flavonoid chrysin in Caco-2 cells--potential role in carcinogen bioinactivation. Pharm Res 2001;18:374-9. PubMed
  10. Lautraite S, Musonda AC, Doehmer J, et al. Flavonoids inhibit genetic toxicity produced by carcinogens in cells expressing CYP1A2 and CYP1A1. Mutagenesis 2002;17:45-53. PubMed
  11. Han, D. H., Denison, M. S., Tachibana, H., and Yamada, K. Relationship between estrogen receptor-binding and estrogenic activities of environmental estrogens and suppression by flavonoids. Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem 2002;66(7):1479-1487. PubMed
  12. O'Leary, K. A., de Pascual-Tereasa, S., Needs, P. W., Bao, Y. P., O'Brien, N. M., and Williamson, G. Effect of flavonoids and vitamin E on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) transcription. Mutat.Res 7-13-2004;551(1-2):245-254. PubMed
  13. Woodman, O. L. and Chan, E. C. Vascular and anti-oxidant actions of flavonols and flavones. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2004;31(11):786-790. PubMed
  14. Simons, A. L., Renouf, M., Hendrich, S., and Murphy, P. A. Human gut microbial degradation of flavonoids: structure-function relationships. J Agric.Food Chem 5-18-2005;53(10):4258-4263. PubMed
  15. Kim, H. J., Lee, S. B., Park, S. K., Kim, H. M., Park, Y. I., and Dong, M. S. Effects of hydroxyl group numbers on the B-ring of 5,7-dihydroxyflavones on the differential inhibition of human CYP 1A and CYP1B1 enzymes. Arch Pharm Res 2005;28(10):1114-1121 PubMed
  16. Moon, Y. J., Wang, X., and Morris, M. E. Dietary flavonoids: effects on xenobiotic and carcinogen metabolism. Toxicol In Vitro 2006;20(2):187-210. PubMed
  17. Landolfi, R., Mower, R. L., and Steiner, M. Modification of platelet function and arachidonic acid metabolism by bioflavonoids. Structure-activity relations. Biochem Pharmacol 5-1-1984;33(9):1525-1530. PubMed
  18. Tsyrlov, I. B., Mikhailenko, V. M., and Gelboin, H. V. Isozyme- and species-specific susceptibility of cDNA-expressed CYP1A P-450s to different flavonoids. Biochim.Biophys Acta 4-13-1994;1205(2):325-335. PubMed
  19. Collins, B. M., McLachlan, J. A., and Arnold, S. F. The estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of phytochemicals with the human estrogen receptor expressed in yeast. Steroids 1997;62(4):365-372. PubMed
  20. Kuiper, G. G., Lemmen, J. G., Carlsson, B., Corton, J. C., Safe, S. H., van der Saag, P. T., van der Burg, B., and Gustafsson, J. A. Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta. Endocrinology 1998;139(10):4252-4263. PubMed
  21. Liu G, Xie W, He AD, et al. Antiplatelet activity of chrysin via inhibiting platelet aIIbß3-mediated signaling pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016;60(9):1984-93.
  22. Noh K, Oh do G, Nepal MR, et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction of chrysin with caffeine in rats. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016;24(4):446-52. PubMed
  23. Mohos V, Fliszár-Nyúl E, Ungvári O, et al. Effects of Chrysin and Its Major Conjugated Metabolites Chrysin-7-Sulfate and Chrysin-7-Glucuronide on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and on OATP, P-gp, BCRP, and MRP2 Transporters. Drug Metab Dispos 2020;48(10):1064-10 PubMed

See these in context on the Chrysin monograph →

Propolis 21 references
  1. Hay KD, Greig DE. Propolis allergy: a cause of oral mucositis with ulceration. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990;70:584-6. PubMed
  2. Li YJ, Lin JL, Yang CW, Yu CC. Acute renal failure induced by a Brazilian variety of propolis. Am J Kidney Dis 2005;46:e125-9. PubMed
  3. Jensen CD, Andersen KE. Allergic contact dermatitis from cera alba (purified propolis) in a lip balm and candy. Contact Dermatitis 2006;55:312-3. PubMed
  4. Chen, T. G., Lee, J. J., Lin, K. H., Shen, C. H., Chou, D. S., and Sheu, J. R. Antiplatelet activity of caffeic acid phenethyl ester is mediated through a cyclic GMP-dependent pathway in human platelets. Chin J Physiol 6-30-2007;50(3):121-126.
  5. Hsu, C. Y., Chiang, W. C., Weng, T. I., Chen, W. J., and Yuan, A. Laryngeal edema and anaphalactic shock after topical propolis use for acute pharyngitis. Am J Emerg.Med 2004;22(5):432-433. PubMed
  6. Black, R. J. Vulval eczema associated with propolis sensitization from topical therapies treated successfully with pimecrolimus cream. Clin Exp.Dermatol. 2005;30(1):91-92. PubMed
  7. Matos D, Serrano P, Brandao FM. A case of allergic contact dermatitis caused by propolis-enriched honey. Contact Dermatitis 2015;72(1):59-60. PubMed
  8. Naramoto K, Kato M, Ichihara K. Effects of an ethanol extract of Brazilian green propolis on human cytochrome P450 enzyme activities in vitro. J Agric Food Chem 2014;62(46):11296-302. PubMed
  9. Nyman G, Hagvall L. A case of allergic contact cheilitis caused by propolis and honey. Contact Dermatitis 2016;74(3):186-7. PubMed
  10. Ryu CS, Oh SJ, Oh JM, et al. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 by propolis in human liver microsomes. Toxicol Res 2016;32(3):207-13. PubMed
  11. Akbay E, Özenirler Ç, Çelemli ÖG, Durukan AB, Onur MA, Sorkun K. Effects of propolis on warfarin efficacy. Kardiochir Torakochirurgia Pol. 2017;14(1):43-46. PubMed
  12. Lamoureux A, Meharon M, Durand AL, Darrigade AS, Doutre MS, Milpied B. A first case of erythema multiforme-like contact dermatitis caused by propolis. Contact Dermatitis. 2017;77(4):263-264. PubMed
  13. Piredda M, Facchinetti G, Biagioli V, et al. Propolis in the prevention of oral mucositis in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2017;26(6). PubMed
  14. Zhang YX, Yang TT, Xia L, Zhang WF, Wang JF, Wu YP. Inhibitory Effect of Propolis on Platelet Aggregation In Vitro. J Healthc Eng. 2017;2017:3050895. PubMed
  15. Nyman GSA, Tang M, Inerot A, Osmancevic A, Malmberg P, Hagvall L. Contact allergy to beeswax and propolis among patients with cheilitis or facial dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2019;81(2):110-6. PubMed
  16. Igarashi G, Segawa T, Akiyama N, et al. Efficacy of Brazilian propolis supplementation for japanese lactating women for atopic sensitization and nonspecific symptoms in their offspring: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Evid Based Comp PubMed
  17. Soleimani D, Rezaie M, Rajabzadeh F, et al. Protective effects of propolis on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) evaluated by real-time two-dimensional shear wave elastography: a randomized clinical
  18. D'Ercole MC. Prolonged use of propolis can increase liver enzymes. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2020;29(3):468-9. PubMed
  19. Cho E, Lee JD, Cho SH. Systemic contact dermatitis from propolis ingestion. Ann Dermatol. 2011;23(1):85-88. PubMed
  20. Hallajzadeh J, Milajerdi A, Amirani E, Attari VE, Maghsoudi H, Mirhashemi SM. Effects of propolis supplementation on glycemic status, lipid profiles, inflammation and oxidative stress, liver enzymes, and body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  21. Gheflati A, Dehnavi Z, Ghannadzadeh Yazdi A, Khorasanchi Z, Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Ranjbar G. The effects of propolis supplementation on metabolic parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Avicenna J Phytomed

See these in context on the Propolis monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Keep exploring
Supplement interaction checker › Check any supplement or product against your medications Drug–drug interactions › Check two or more of your medications against each other Browse medications A–Z › Every drug we've checked against herbs & supplements NDC & pricing lookup › Find a drug’s NDCs, packaging and costs Ask a pharmacist › Free, personal answer from our licensed team