Joint Strength Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Joint Strength against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Joint Strength is a dietary supplement by Bluebonnet Targeted Choice with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for osteoarthritis joint pain, joint stiffness, cartilage support.Based on those ingredients, 1,460 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Joint Strength Blend, Glucosamine Sulfate, Chrondroitin Sulfate. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Joint Strength by Bluebonnet Targeted Choice
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Joint Strength by Bluebonnet Targeted Choice — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
Ask the Pharmacist
A licensed pharmacist will answer your question by email — free, usually within 24 hours.
Got it — thank you!
A licensed pharmacist will answer within 24 hours. Keep an eye on your email (worth checking spam, just in case).
HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Joint Strength by Bluebonnet Targeted Choice
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Partial disclosure
Joint Strength contains eight active ingredients: hyaluronic acid, methylsulfonylmethane, chondroitin sulfate, turmeric root extract, boswellia gum resin extract, glucosamine sulfate, hydrolyzed collagen peptides type II, and devil's claw root extract. These are blended to target joint comfort and mobility through different mechanisms—some work on joint cartilage, others on inflammation and pain, and some on skin and connective tissue health.
The product also contains inactive ingredients (hypromellose, purified water, vegetable cellulose, and vegetable magnesium stearate) that serve as fillers, binders, and capsule material.
Does it work?
Strong evidence
Glucosamine sulfate is rated likely effective for osteoarthritis. Turmeric, boswellia, and devil's claw are each rated possibly effective for osteoarthritis or back pain.
Chondroitin sulfate is rated possibly effective for osteoarthritis and cataracts. Hyaluronic acid is rated possibly effective for dry eye and venous leg ulcers.
Collagen peptides are rated possibly effective for aging skin and dry skin, though possibly ineffective for muscle strength. For most other claimed uses—allergies, inflammation, aging—the evidence we hold is insufficient to rate them fairly.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Overall, the ingredients are generally well tolerated. The most common side effects are mild gastrointestinal complaints—nausea, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, and heartburn—reported by small numbers of trial participants.
Turmeric has been rarely associated with liver damage in supplement doses (at least 70 reports over 2 weeks to 14 months of use), most of which resolved after stopping it. Devil's claw may increase stomach acid and cause digestive upset, and boswellia gum resin in large amounts can theoretically form a bezoar (a solid mass in the gut), though this is rare.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Turmeric is rated likely safe in pregnancy, but chondroitin, glucosamine, boswellia, and devil's claw have insufficient data—the facts advise against them or say safety isn't established. Hyaluronic acid and collagen peptides have no pregnancy or lactation rating on file.
Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about any concerns before taking this product if you're pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product if you're on warfarin or other blood thinners—glucosamine and chondroitin may increase bleeding risk. Also double-check if you take chemotherapy drugs (topoisomerase inhibitors or antitumor antibiotics), the immunosuppressant tacrolimus, cancer drugs like tamoxifen, the arthritis drug methotrexate, sulfasalazine, or tramadol.
Medications processed by liver enzymes CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, or CYP3A4—including many blood pressure drugs, heart medications, and antidepressants—may be affected by boswellia or devil's claw. Acid-reducing medications (H2-blockers and proton pump inhibitors) may work less well with devil's claw.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Joint Strength may help with osteoarthritis and joint comfort if you're generally healthy and not taking blood thinners, chemotherapy, immunosuppressants, or medications processed by your liver. If you take warfarin, any cancer drugs, tacrolimus, methotrexate, or drugs dependent on liver enzymes, you should check your exact medications with your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product.
Mild digestive upset is common, and turmeric rarely causes liver issues at supplement doses. Talk it over with your own healthcare provider to make sure it's right for you.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 7 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 13, 2022.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Joint Strength, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Bluebonnet Targeted Choice |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 743715020580 |
| Net contents | 90 Vegetable Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Dec 13, 2022 |
| DSLD ID | 279533 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating), Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Sugar Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Joint Strength by Bluebonnet Targeted Choice, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Hyaluronic Acid | 0 NP | -- |
| Methylsulfonylmethane | 200 mg | -- |
| Chrondroitin Sulfate | 200 mg | -- |
| Turmeric root extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Boswellia gum resin extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Glucosamine Sulfate | 500 mg | -- |
| Collagen Peptides Type II, Hydrolyzed | 180 mg | -- |
| Joint Strength Blend | 100 mg | -- |
| Devil's Claw Root Extract | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: Hypromellose, Water, Purified, Vegetable Cellulose, Vegetable Magnesium Stearate
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Directions: As a dietary supplement, take two capsules once daily, or as directed by a healthcare practitioner.
Formulation
Bluebonnet's Targeted Choice JointStrength Vegetable Capsules are specially formulated to help optimize joint flexibility, mobility and range of motion by maintaining healthy connective tissues (cartilage, tendons and ligaments), as well as supporting a healthy inflammatory response in joints. This product only influences inflammation from a specific non-disease cause, like physical overexertion of the joints after intense exercise.
Whole food-based formula for maintaining healthy connective tissue
Gluten free Soy free
Free of milk, egg, fish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat and soybeans. Also free of yeast, gluten, barley, rice and sugar.
Brand IP Statement(s)
Targeted Choice JointStrength is a trademark of Bluebonnet Nutrition Corp. BioCell Collagen, variously in name and/or registered in the United States and other jurisdictions (www.biocellcollagen.com/patents). OptiMSM is a registered trademark of Cardinal Nutrition, Inc.
Precautions
Warning: Do not use this product if you are pregnant, trying to conceive or breastfeeding. If you have a medical condition or are taking prescription medication such as NSAIDs or pain relievers/anti-inflammmatories, consult your physician before use.
Discontinue use two weeks prior and following surgery or in case of stomach pain or ulcers.
Keep out of reach of children.
Contains: Crustacean shellfish (crab, lobster, shrimp)
Formula
BioCell Collagen OptiMSM
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Seals/Symbols
Made with non GMO ingredients
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
General Statements
Stay connected Facebook Instagram Twitter YouTube
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Joint Strength by Bluebonnet Targeted Choice label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Joint Strength by Bluebonnet Targeted Choice
These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container45 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Methylsulfonylmethane
Chrondroitin Sulfate
Interacts with2 drugs
Chondroitin sulfate is a naturally occurring building block of cartilage that is widely taken, often with glucosamine, for osteoarthritis joint pain....
Chrondroitin Sulfate monograph & interactionsGlucosamine Sulfate
Interacts with170 drugs
Glucosamine is a natural compound found in cartilage and joint fluid, and it is one of the most popular supplements for osteoarthritis, especially of...
Glucosamine Sulfate monograph & interactionsCollagen Peptides Type II, Hydrolyzed
No knowninteractions
Collagen peptides are a well-absorbed form of protein that may modestly improve skin elasticity and joint comfort for some people, though evidence is...
Collagen Peptides Type II, Hydrolyzed monograph & interactionsJoint Strength Blend
Interacts with1,136 drugs
Cannabis contains many active compounds, mainly THC (which causes a 'high') and CBD (which does not). Some uses, such as chemotherapy-related nausea,...
Joint Strength Blend monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Hypromellose, Water, Purified, Vegetable Cellulose, Vegetable Magnesium Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Joint Strength by Bluebonnet Targeted Choice Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Joint Strength by Bluebonnet Targeted Choice interacts with medications through its glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, turmeric root extract, boswellia gum resin extract, and devil's claw root extract.
The single most serious interaction is glucosamine sulfate with warfarin (Coumadin), a blood thinner—glucosamine may increase warfarin's anticoagulant effects and raise your bleeding risk.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Turmeric interacts with several drug classes: chemotherapy drugs (topoisomerase I inhibitors and antitumor antibiotics), the immunosuppressant tacrolimus, the cancer drug tamoxifen, the anti-inflammatory sulfasalazine, the arthritis drug methotrexate, the pain reliever tramadol, and certain drugs cleared by the kidneys. Boswellia and devil's claw both slow the liver's processing of multiple drug classes—affecting blood pressure drugs, heart medications, antidepressants, and others that depend on specific liver enzymes (CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 substrates).
Devil's claw may also weaken acid-reducing medications and theoretically increase warfarin's effect.
Chondroitin sulfate may increase warfarin's blood-thinning action when combined with glucosamine. Altogether, these interactions span 1,290 individual medications.
Hyaluronic acid and collagen peptides type II have no documented interactions. We could not check methylsulfonylmethane.
Use the search tool below to check your exact medications against this product before you start.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Joint Strength?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Joint Strength interact with 1,460 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
3 of the 5 ingredients in Joint Strength interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Joint Strength Blend Glucosamine Sulfate Chrondroitin Sulfate
Acetaminophen, Caffeine, IsomethepteneMigralam
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Turmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionJoint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionJoint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan HbrVicks Formula 44M Cough, Cold & Flu Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, PhenylephrineColrex
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Turmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionJoint Strength BlendCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might have additive effects if used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, DextromethorphanCoricidin II Extra Strength Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionJoint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan HydrobromideCoricidin HBP Maximum Strength Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PhenylpropanolamineMulti Symptom Cold Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Turmeric Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionJoint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PseudoephedrineChildren's Tylenol Cold Plus Cough, Tylenol Cold Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionJoint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, SalicylamideRhinogesic GG
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Devil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionJoint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylephrineAlka-Seltzer PLUS, Histex SR, Protid
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Turmeric Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionJoint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, SalicylamideRhinogesic, Rhinogesic JR
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Turmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionJoint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineAlumadrine, Conex, Sinadrin Max Strength, Sinulin
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Devil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionJoint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, OpiumHista-Derfule
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Turmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionJoint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, PhenyltoloxamineNorel Plus
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionJoint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PseudoephedrineAlka-Seltzer PLUS Liquid Gels, Children's Tylenol Cold, Codimal, Comtrex, Extra Strength Tylenol Allergy Sinus, Lorsin +3 more
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, ChlorzoxazoneAcetazone Forte, Extra Strength Tylenol Aches & Strains, Parafon Forte
How Acetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone interacts with Joint Strength — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone, CodeineAcetazone Forte C8, Parafon Forte C8
How Acetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone, Codeine interacts with Joint Strength — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Turmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone, Codeine interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone, Codeine interactionJoint Strength BlendCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might have additive effects if used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone, Codeine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, CodeineTylenol No.3, Tylenol w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Codeine interacts with Joint Strength — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Codeine interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Codeine interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Codeine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Codeine, DoxylamineMersyndol
How Acetaminophen, Codeine, Doxylamine interacts with Joint Strength — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Strength BlendCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might have additive effects if used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Codeine, Doxylamine interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Codeine, Doxylamine interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Codeine, Doxylamine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Codeine, Doxylamine interactionAcetaminophen, Codeine, MethocarbamolAcetaminophen, Codeine, Methocarbamol, Robaxacet 8
How Acetaminophen, Codeine, Methocarbamol interacts with Joint Strength — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Turmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Codeine, Methocarbamol interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Codeine, Methocarbamol interactionJoint Strength BlendCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might have additive effects if used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Codeine, Methocarbamol interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Codeine, Methocarbamol interactionAcetaminophen, Dexbrompheniramine, PseudoephedrineSinadrin Plus
How Acetaminophen, Dexbrompheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Joint Strength — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Dexbrompheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Dexbrompheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Dexbrompheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Dexbrompheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, DextromethorphanTylenol Cough Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionAcetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, PseudoephedrineVicks NyQuil
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionTurmeric Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, PhenylephrineConar-A
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, PhenylpropanolamineAnatuss
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine interactionJoint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, PseudoephedrineRobitussin Cold, Severe Cold, Suphedrine Cold/Cough
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Pseudoephedrine interactionTurmeric Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Pseudoephedrine interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Pseudoephedrine interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Pseudoephedrine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine, PyrilamineTheracaps
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine, Pyrilamine interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Devil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine, Pyrilamine interactionJoint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine, Pyrilamine interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine, Pyrilamine interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine, Pyrilamine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, PseudoephedrineAlka-Seltzer PLUS Flu Liquid Gels, Non Aspirin Cold Caps, Tylenol Cold, Tylenol Flu Daytime Ex Strength, Tylenol Flu Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Joint Strength — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Turmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionJoint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, Dichloralantipyrine, IsomethepteneAmidrine, Midchlor, Migquin, Migratine
How Acetaminophen, Dichloralantipyrine, Isometheptene interacts with Joint Strength — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Strength BlendCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might have additive effects if used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Dichloralantipyrine, Isometheptene interactionTurmeric Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Dichloralantipyrine, Isometheptene interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Dichloralantipyrine, Isometheptene interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Dichloralantipyrine, Isometheptene interactionAcetaminophen, Dichloralphenazone, IsomethepteneMidrin
How Acetaminophen, Dichloralphenazone, Isometheptene interacts with Joint Strength — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Strength BlendCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Joint Strength Blend + Acetaminophen, Dichloralphenazone, Isometheptene interactionTurmeric Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Dichloralphenazone, Isometheptene interactionBoswellia Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Dichloralphenazone, Isometheptene interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Dichloralphenazone, Isometheptene interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Joint Strength with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Joint Strength Blend
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Concomitant use with cannabis seems to increase the levels and clinical effects of warfarin.
In vitro research shows that the cannabis constituents delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol inhibit the cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)-mediated 7-hydroxylation of S-warfarin in a concentration-dependent manner.
Additionally, there are multiple case reports of patients chronically taking warfarin that developed a spike in international normalized ratio (INR) after using cannabis in various forms, including smoking cannabis, taking medical cannabis orally, or drinking water infused with cannabis flower. One patient smoked 2-2.5 grams in one week and another patient had doubled the amount of THC consumed from 7.5 mg to 14.7 mg daily for one week.
Alcohol (Ethanol)
Theoretically, cannabis might have additive effects when used with alcohol.
Cannabis can have CNS depressant effects, similar to synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Theoretically, concomitant use of alcohol with cannabis can have additive effects including psychomotor impairment, sedation, and changes in mood and behavior.
Anesthesia
Cannabis use might alter the safety and clinical effects of various forms of anesthesia.
A small clinical study shows that higher doses of propofol may be needed to achieve relaxation and loss of consciousness in chronic cannabis users compared with nonusers. Another small clinical study shows that use of cannabis within 72 hours prior to undergoing surgery requiring atropine anesthesia may increase the risk of sustained postoperative tachycardia. The exact mechanisms of these interactions are unclear. Obtain a patient's history of cannabis use preoperatively and advise patients to discontinue cannabis use for at least 2 weeks prior to undergoing surgery.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, cannabis might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that the cannabis constituents delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) inhibit platelet aggregation.
Barbiturates
Theoretically, cannabis might increase the levels and adverse effects of barbiturates.
Some research shows that synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) increases the elimination half-life of pentobarbital by 4 hours when dosed concomitantly.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, cannabis might have additive effects if used with other CNS depressants.
Cannabis can have CNS depressant effects. Combining cannabis with other CNS depressants might result in additive or synergistic effects. A small clinical trial in healthy adults shows that inhaling a high-grade cannabis (Bedrocan International B.V., Veendam, The Netherlands) 100 mg, containing delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol 21.8% and cannabinol 0.1%, modestly increases subjective feelings of sedation when compared with cannabis alone.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Cannabis may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Research shows that cannabidiol (CBD), a constituent of cannabis, inhibits CYP2C19. In clinical studies and case reports, cannabidiol use resulted in significant increases in the serum levels of topiramate, methadone, citalopram, omeprazole, and N-desmethylclobazam, the primary active metabolite of clobazam. These chemicals are metabolized by CYP2C19. Concomitant use of cannabis with CYP2C19 substrates may increase the risk for adverse effects from these substrates.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Inducers
Theoretically, drugs that are CYP2C9 inducers might decrease the effects of cannabis.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active constituent of cannabis, is a substrate of CYP2C9 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Inhibitors
Theoretically, drugs that are CYP2C9 inhibitors might increase the adverse effects of cannabis.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active constituent of cannabis, is a substrate of CYP2C9 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, cannabis might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that the cannabis constituents delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol moderately inhibit the CYP2C9-mediated 7-hydroxylation of S-warfarin in a concentration-dependent manner. In vitro research also shows that cannabis extracts modestly inhibit the CYP2C9 metabolism of tolbutamide; extracts providing the specific cannabinoids CBD and cannabigerol (CBG) had stronger inhibitory effects than extracts containing THC and CBD.
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
In vitro research shows that cannabis can induce the activity of CYP2E1, which might increase the metabolism of CYP2E1 substrates.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Inducers
Theoretically, CYP3A4 inducers might reduce the levels and clinical effects of cannabis.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active constituent of cannabis, is a substrate of CYP3A4 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Inhibitors
Theoretically, CYP3A4 inhibitors might increase the levels and adverse effects of cannabis.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active constituent of cannabis, is a substrate of CYP3A4 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that cannabis can inhibit the activity of CYP3A4 enzymes, which might decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates. In vitro research also shows that cannabis extracts modestly inhibit the CYP3A4 metabolism of testosterone; extracts providing the specific cannabinoids CBD and cannabigerol (CBG) had stronger inhibitory effects than extracts containing THC and CBD.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, cannabis might alter levels of drugs that are substrates of P-glycoprotein (P-gp).
Most in vitro research suggests that constituents of cannabis, including cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can inhibit P-gp and increase the accumulation of probe compounds by reducing P-gp mediated drug efflux. In vitro studies in kidney cell lines show that a 1-hour exposure to CBD and THC inhibits P-gp. Cannabis may also alter the expression of P-gp, although this effect appears to vary based on duration of exposure. Some in vitro research in lymphoblastoid leukemia cell lines indicates that a 1-hour exposure to cannabinoids does not affect P-gp expression, while a prolonged 72-hour exposure decreases P-gp expression. Other in vitro research in these cell lines shows that a 4-hour exposure to THC and CBD induces P-gp gene expression, while exposure for longer than 4 hours and up to 48 hours does not induce P-gp gene expression.
Theophylline
Smoking cannabis while taking theophylline might reduce the levels and clinical effects of theophylline.
Similar to smoking tobacco, smoking cannabis seems to increase the metabolism of theophylline.
Thrombolytic Drugs
Cannabis might augment the effects of thrombolytic drugs and increase the risk of severe bleeding.
A case of cerebral hemorrhage has been reported for a 51-year-old female and chronic cannabis user who had consumed a large amount of cannabis prior to receiving recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) for ischemic stroke. Hemorrhage had been ruled out prior to providing the rtPA. The exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.
Antipsychotic Drugs
Cannabis does not seem to affect blood levels or effects of some antipsychotic drugs.
Human research shows that cannabis use does not affect blood levels or clinical effects of amisulpride, aripiprazole, or olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders.
Glucosamine Sulfate
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Glucosamine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
In two individual case reports, glucosamine/chondroitin combinations were associated with a significant increase in international normalized ratio (INR) in patients previously stabilized on warfarin. In one case, the increase in INR occurred only after tripling the dose of a glucosamine/chondroitin supplement from 500 mg/400 mg daily to 1500/1200 mg daily. Additionally, 20 voluntary case reports to the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) have linked glucosamine plus chondroitin with increased INR, bruising, and bleeding in patients who were also taking warfarin. There have also been 20 additional case reports to the World Health Organization (WHO) that link glucosamine alone to increased INR in patients taking warfarin. The mechanism of this interaction is unclear. Glucosamine is a small component of heparin, but is not thought to have anticoagulant activity; however, animal research suggests that it might have antiplatelet activity.
Topoisomerase Ii Inhibitors
Theoretically glucosamine may induce resistance to topoisomerase II inhibitors.
In vitro research suggests that glucosamine might induce resistance to etoposide (VP16, VePesid) and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) by reducing inhibition of topoisomerase II, an enzyme required for DNA replication in tumor cells. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Others)
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Anecdotal reports suggest that adding glucosamine to an acetaminophen regimen might decrease pain control in patients with osteoarthritis. Some research suggests that the sulfate portion of glucosamine sulfate might contribute to its effect in osteoarthritis. Since acetaminophen metabolism requires sulfur and reduces serum sulfate concentrations, acetaminophen could theoretically interfere with the action of glucosamine sulfate. Conversely, the administration of sulfate could theoretically decrease the effectiveness of acetaminophen in sulfate-deficient people by increasing its clearance.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Despite initial concerns, it is unlikely that glucosamine will interfere with the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
In vitro and animal research has suggested that glucosamine might increase insulin resistance or decrease insulin production. This has raised concerns that taking glucosamine might worsen diabetes and decrease the effectiveness of diabetes drugs. However, clinical research suggests that glucosamine does not have adverse effects on blood glucose or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in healthy, obese, or type 2 diabetes patients.
Chrondroitin Sulfate
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Taking chondroitin in combination with glucosamine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. However, the effect of chondroitin alone is unclear.
There have been multiple reports of increased international normalized ratio (INR) in patients taking warfarin with glucosamine, with or without chondroitin. The lack of reports with chondroitin alone seem to suggest that the interactions occurring in these reports may have been due to glucosamine. In two individual case reports, glucosamine/chondroitin combinations were associated with a significant increase in INR in patients previously stabilized on warfarin. Additionally, 20 voluntary case reports to the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) have linked glucosamine plus chondroitin with increased INR, bruising, and bleeding in patients who were also taking warfarin. There have also been 20 additional case reports to the World Health Organization (WHO) that link glucosamine alone, without chondroitin, to increased INR in patients taking warfarin.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Joint Strength, from the product label.
Bluebonnet Targeted Choice
See all Bluebonnet Targeted Choice products- Name
- Bluebonnet Nutrition Corporation
- Street Address
- 12915 Dairy Ashford
- City
- Sugar Land
- State
- Texas
- ZipCode
- 77478
- Web Address
- www.bluebonnetnutrition.com
Joint Strength by Bluebonnet Targeted Choice: Common Questions
Does Joint Strength by Bluebonnet Targeted Choice interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Is this product safe if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
What are the most common side effects?
Does this actually work for joint pain?
What is hyaluronic acid doing in a joint supplement?
Can I take this with acetaminophen?
Is turmeric in this product safe long-term?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Joint Strength is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Joint Strength’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Chondroitin Sulfate
Interacts with 2 drugsChondroitin sulfate is a naturally occurring building block of cartilage that is widely taken, often with glucosamine, for osteoarthritis joint pain. The evidence is mixed—some people report...
Read the full Chondroitin Sulfate monograph → Herb & supplement monographGlucosamine
Interacts with 170 drugsGlucosamine is a natural compound found in cartilage and joint fluid, and it is one of the most popular supplements for osteoarthritis, especially of the knee. The evidence is mixed, with so...
Read the full Glucosamine monograph → Herb & supplement monographCollagen Peptides
Collagen peptides are a well-absorbed form of protein that may modestly improve skin elasticity and joint comfort for some people, though evidence is still developing and results vary. They...
Read the full Collagen Peptides monograph → Herb & supplement monographCannabis
Interacts with 1,136 drugsCannabis contains many active compounds, mainly THC (which causes a 'high') and CBD (which does not). Some uses, such as chemotherapy-related nausea, certain seizure disorders, and muscle sp...
Read the full Cannabis monograph → Herb & supplement monographHyaluronic Acid
Hyaluronic acid is a natural substance in the body that helps hold water in the skin, joints, and eyes. Oral and topical products are popular for skin moisture and joint comfort, and the evi...
Read the full Hyaluronic Acid monograph → Herb & supplement monographTurmeric
Interacts with 1,133 drugsTurmeric is a popular spice whose main active compounds, curcuminoids, are studied mostly for inflammation and joint pain. Some research is promising, but quality is mixed and curcumin is po...
Read the full Turmeric monograph → Herb & supplement monographBoswellia Serrata
Interacts with 952 drugsBoswellia serrata is a tree resin used in traditional medicine, mainly for joint pain and inflammation. Some studies suggest it may help with osteoarthritis symptoms, but the overall evidenc...
Read the full Boswellia Serrata monograph → Herb & supplement monographDevil's Claw
Interacts with 804 drugsDevil's claw is a southern African plant used mainly for arthritis and back pain, and some studies suggest it may help ease these types of discomfort. The evidence is moderate at best, and p...
Read the full Devil's Claw monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Joint Strength's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 483 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Hyaluronic Acid 4 references
- Park Y, Song JS, Choi CY, Yoon KC, Lee HK, Kim HS. A randomized multicenter study comparing 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.3% sodium hyaluronate with 0.05% cyclosporine in the treatment of dry eye. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2017;33(2):66-72. PubMed
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Do Not Use Needle-Free Devices for Injection of Dermal Fillers - FDA Safety Communication. October 8, 2021. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/safety-communications/do-not-use-needle-free-devices-injection
- Disphanurat W, Srisantithum B. Efficacy and safety of 0.15% isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol combined with hyaluronic acid vs 0.15% isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol or hyaluronic acid alone in melasma treatment: A randomized evaluator-blind trial. J C PubMed
- Humbert P, Mikosinki J, Benchikhi H, Allaert FA. Efficacy and safety of a gauze pad containing hyaluronic acid in treatment of leg ulcers of venous or mixed origin: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Int Wound J 2013;10(2):159-66. PubMed
Chondroitin Sulfate 22 references
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
- Tallia AF, Cardone DA. Asthma exacerbation associated with glucosamine-chondroitin supplement. J Am Board Fam Pract 2002;15:481-4..
- Danao-Camara T. Potential side effects of treatment with glucosamine and chondroitin. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:2853. PubMed
- Rozenfeld V, Crain JL, Callahan AK. Possible augmentation of warfarin effect by glucosamine-chondroitin. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2004;61:306-307. PubMed
- Clegg DO, Reda DJ, Harris CL, et al. Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and the two in combination for painful knee osteoarthritis. N Engl J Med 2006;354:795-808. DOI
- Knudsen J, Sokol GH. Potential glucosamine-warfarin interaction resulting in increased international normalized ratio: Case report and review of the literature and MedWatch database. Pharmacotherapy 2008;28:540-8. PubMed
- Yue QY, Strandell J, Myrberg O. Concomitant use of glucosamine potentiates the effect of warfarin. Jan 2006. Drug Safety 29(10):911-1010. DOI
- Nordling, J. and van, Ophoven A. Intravesical glycosaminoglycan replenishment with chondroitin sulphate in chronic forms of cystitis. A multi-national, multi-centre, prospective observational clinical trial. Arzneimittelforschung. 2008;58(7):328-335. PubMed
- Nickel, J. C., Egerdie, B., Downey, J., Singh, R., Skehan, A., Carr, L., and Irvine-Bird, K. A real-life multicentre clinical practice study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravesical chondroitin sulphate for the treatment of interstitial cystit
- Oliviero, U., Sorrentino, G. P., De Paola, P., Tranfaglia, E., D'Alessandro, A., Carifi, S., Porfido, F. A., Cerio, R., Grasso, A. M., Policicchio, D., and . Effects of the treatment with matrix on elderly people with chronic articular degeneration. Drug
- Crowley, D. C., Lau, F. C., Sharma, P., Evans, M., Guthrie, N., Bagchi, M., Bagchi, D., Dey, D. K., and Raychaudhuri, S. P. Safety and efficacy of undenatured type II collagen in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a clinical trial. Int.J.Med.Sc PubMed
- Nickel, J. C., Egerdie, R. B., Steinhoff, G., Palmer, B., and Hanno, P. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel group pilot evaluation of the efficacy and safety of intravesical sodium chondroitin sulfate versus vehicle control in patients with
- Sawitzke, A. D., Shi, H., Finco, M. F., Dunlop, D. D., Harris, C. L., Singer, N. G., Bradley, J. D., Silver, D., Jackson, C. G., Lane, N. E., Oddis, C. V., Wolfe, F., Lisse, J., Furst, D. E., Bingham, C. O., Reda, D. J., Moskowitz, R. W., Williams, H. J.
- Wildi, L. M., Raynauld, J. P., Martel-Pelletier, J., Beaulieu, A., Bessette, L., Morin, F., Abram, F., Dorais, M., and Pelletier, J. P. Chondroitin sulphate reduces both cartilage volume loss and bone marrow lesions in knee osteoarthritis patients starti
- Pavelka and et al. Double-blind, dose effect study of oral cs 4 & 6 1200mg, 800mg, 200mg against placebo in the treatment of femorotibial osteoarthritis. Wular Rheumatol Liter 1998;27(suppl 2):63.
- Cerda C, Bruguera M, Parés A. Hepatotoxicity associated with glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in patients with chronic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19(32):5381-4. PubMed
- von Felden J, Montani M, Kessebohm K, Stickel F. Drug-induced acute liver injury mimicking autoimmune hepatitis after intake of dietary supplements containing glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013;51(3):219-23. PubMed
- Provenza JR, Shinjo SK, Silva JM, Peron CR, Rocha FA. Combined glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, once or three times daily, provides clinically relevant analgesia in knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2015;34:1455-62. PubMed
- Ossendza RA, Grandval P, Chinoune F, Rocher F, Chapel F, Bernardini D. [Acute cholestatic hepatitis due to glucosamine forte]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2007 Apr;31(4):449-50.
- Greenlee H, Crew KD, Shao T, Kranwinkel G, Kalinsky K, Maurer M, Brafman L, Insel B, Tsai WY, Hershman DL. Phase II study of glucosamine with chondroitin on aromatase inhibitor-associated joint symptoms in women with breast cancer. Support Care Cancer 201 PubMed
- Chu EC, Huang KHK, Cheung G, Ng G, Lin A. Delayed Skin Allergy to Glucosamine Chondroitin Supplement. Cureus 2023;15(3):e36310. PubMed
- Lila AM, Alekseeva LI, Baranov AA, et al. Chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine combination in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis: A long-term observational study in Russia. World J Orthop 2023;14(6):443-457. PubMed
Turmeric 102 references
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Sharma RA, McLelland HR, Hill KA, et al. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic study of oral Curcuma extract in patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2001;7:1894-900..
- Shah BH, Nawaz Z, Pertani SA. Inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet-activating factor- and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of thromboxane formation and Ca2+ signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 1 PubMed
- Hata M, Sasaki E, Ota M, et al . Allergic contact dermatitis from curcumin (turmeric). Contact Dermatitis 1997;36:107-8. PubMed
- Kuttan R, Sudheeran PC, Josph CD. Turmeric and curcumin as topical agents in cancer therapy. Tumori 1987;73:29-31.. PubMed
- Thapliyal R, Deshpande SS, Maru GB. Mechanism(s) of turmeric-mediated protective effects against benzo(a)pyrene-derived DNA adducts. Cancer Lett 2002;175:79-88. PubMed
- Lee SW, Nah SS, Byon JS, et al. Transient complete atrioventricular block associated with curcumin intake. Int J Cardiol 2011;150:e50-2. PubMed
- Kuptniratsaikul V, Thanakhumtorn S, Chinswangwatanakul P, et al. Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts in patients with knee osteoarthritis. J Altern Complement Med 2009;15:891-7.
- Carroll RE, Benya RV, Turgeon DK, et al. Phase IIa clinical trial of curcumin for the prevention of colorectal neoplasia. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011;4:354-64. PubMed
- Junyaprasert, V. B., Soonthornchareonnon, N., Thongpraditchote, S., Murakami, T., and Takano, M. Inhibitory effect of Thai plant extracts on P-glycoprotein mediated efflux. Phytother.Res 2006;20(1):79-81. PubMed
- Ampasavate, C., Sotanaphun, U., Phattanawasin, P., and Piyapolrungroj, N. Effects of Curcuma spp. on P-glycoprotein function. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(7):506-512. PubMed
- Hou, X. L., Takahashi, K., Tanaka, K., Tougou, K., Qiu, F., Komatsu, K., Takahashi, K., and Azuma, J. Curcuma drugs and curcumin regulate the expression and function of P-gp in Caco-2 cells in completely opposite ways. Int.J Pharm 6-24-2008;358(1-2):224-2 PubMed
- Choi, B. H., Kim, C. G., Lim, Y., Shin, S. Y., and Lee, Y. H. Curcumin down-regulates the multidrug-resistance mdr1b gene by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/NF kappa B pathway. Cancer Lett. 1-18-2008;259(1):111-118.
- Zhang, W., Tan, T. M., and Lim, L. Y. Impact of curcumin-induced changes in P-glycoprotein and CYP3A expression on the pharmacokinetics of peroral celiprolol and midazolam in rats. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007;35(1):110-115. PubMed
- Limtrakul, P., Chearwae, W., Shukla, S., Phisalphong, C., and Ambudkar, S. V. Modulation of function of three ABC drug transporters, P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), mitoxantrone resistance protein (ABCG2) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (ABCC1) by tetrahydrocu
- Holland, M. L., Panetta, J. A., Hoskins, J. M., Bebawy, M., Roufogalis, B. D., Allen, J. D., and Arnold, J. C. The effects of cannabinoids on P-glycoprotein transport and expression in multidrug resistant cells. Biochem.Pharmacol 4-14-2006;71(8):1146-1154 PubMed
- Tang, X. Q., Bi, H., Feng, J. Q., and Cao, J. G. Effect of curcumin on multidrug resistance in resistant human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901/VCR. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2005;26(8):1009-1016. PubMed
- Nabekura, T., Kamiyama, S., and Kitagawa, S. Effects of dietary chemopreventive phytochemicals on P-glycoprotein function. Biochem.Biophys.Res Commun. 2-18-2005;327(3):866-870. PubMed
- Romiti, N., Tongiani, R., Cervelli, F., and Chieli, E. Effects of curcumin on P-glycoprotein in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Life Sci. 1998;62(25):2349-2358. PubMed
- Yue, G. G., Cheng, S. W., Yu, H., Xu, Z. S., Lee, J. K., Hon, P. M., Lee, M. Y., Kennelly, E. J., Deng, G., Yeung, S. K., Cassileth, B. R., Fung, K. P., Leung, P. C., and Lau, C. B. The role of turmerones on curcumin transportation and P-glycoprotein acti
- Shenouda, N. S., Zhou, C., Browning, J. D., Ansell, P. J., Sakla, M. S., Lubahn, D. B., and MacDonald, R. S. Phytoestrogens in common herbs regulate prostate cancer cell growth in vitro. Nutr.Cancer 2004;49(2):200-208. PubMed
- Appiah-Opong, R., Commandeur, J. N., Vugt-Lussenburg, B., and Vermeulen, N. P. Inhibition of human recombinant cytochrome P450s by curcumin and curcumin decomposition products. Toxicology 6-3-2007;235(1-2):83-91. PubMed
- Hou, X. L., Takahashi, K., Kinoshita, N., Qiu, F., Tanaka, K., Komatsu, K., Takahashi, K., and Azuma, J. Possible inhibitory mechanism of Curcuma drugs on CYP3A4 in 1alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 treated Caco-2 cells. Int.J Pharm 6-7-2007;337(1-2):169-177.
- Valentine, S. P., Le Nedelec, M. J., Menzies, A. R., Scandlyn, M. J., Goodin, M. G., and Rosengren, R. J. Curcumin modulates drug metabolizing enzymes in the female Swiss Webster mouse. Life Sci. 4-11-2006;78(20):2391-2398. PubMed
- Price, R. J., Scott, M. P., Giddings, A. M., Walters, D. G., Stierum, R. H., Meredith, C., and Lake, B. G. Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene, curcumin, propyl gallate and thiabendazole on cytochrome P450 forms in cultured human hepatocytes. Xenobiotica 2 PubMed
- Ganta, S., Devalapally, H., and Amiji, M. Curcumin enhances oral bioavailability and anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel upon administration in nanoemulsion formulation. J Pharm Sci 2010;99(11):4630-4641. PubMed
- Lamb, S. R. and Wilkinson, S. M. Contact allergy to tetrahydrocurcumin. Contact Dermatitis 2003;48(4):227. PubMed
- Joshi, J., Ghaisas, S., Vaidya, A., Vaidya, R., Kamat, D. V., Bhagwat, A. N., and Bhide, S. Early human safety study of turmeric oil (Curcuma longa oil) administered orally in healthy volunteers. J Assoc.Physicians India 2003;51:1055-1060.
- Mahesh, T., Balasubashini, M. S., and Menon, V. P. Effect of photo-irradiated curcumin treatment against oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Med.Food 2005;8(2):251-255. PubMed
- Thompson, D. A. and Tan, B. B. Tetrahydracurcumin-related allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2006;55(4):254-255. PubMed
- Patumraj, S., Wongeakin, N., Sridulyakul, P., Jariyapongskul, A., Futrakul, N., and Bunnag, S. Combined effects of curcumin and vitamin C to protect endothelial dysfunction in the iris tissue of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Clin Hemorheol.Microcirc. 2006;3
- Liddle, M., Hull, C., Liu, C., and Powell, D. Contact urticaria from curcumin. Dermatitis 2006;17(4):196-197. PubMed
- Juan, H., Terhaag, B., Cong, Z., Bi-Kui, Z., Rong-Hua, Z., Feng, W., Fen-Li, S., Juan, S., Jing, T., and Wen-Xing, P. Unexpected effect of concomitantly administered curcumin on the pharmacokinetics of talinolol in healthy Chinese volunteers. Eur.J Clin PubMed
- Murugan, P. and Pari, L. Influence of tetrahydrocurcumin on erythrocyte membrane bound enzymes and antioxidant status in experimental type 2 diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 9-25-2007;113(3):479-486. PubMed
- Seo, K. I., Choi, M. S., Jung, U. J., Kim, H. J., Yeo, J., Jeon, S. M., and Lee, M. K. Effect of curcumin supplementation on blood glucose, plasma insulin, and glucose homeostasis related enzyme activities in diabetic db/db mice. Mol.Nutr.Food Res 2008;5
- Weisberg, S. P., Leibel, R., and Tortoriello, D. V. Dietary curcumin significantly improves obesity-associated inflammation and diabetes in mouse models of diabesity. Endocrinology 2008;149(7):3549-3558. PubMed
- Jain, S. K., Rains, J., Croad, J., Larson, B., and Jones, K. Curcumin supplementation lowers TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretion in high glucose-treated cultured monocytes and blood levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, MCP-1, glucose, and glycosylated hemog
- Yu, Y., Hu, S. K., and Yan, H. [The study of insulin resistance and leptin resistance on the model of simplicity obesity rats by curcumin]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi.Xue.Za Zhi. 2008;42(11):818-822.
- Pavithra, B. H., Prakash, N., and Jayakumar, K. Modification of pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin following oral administration of curcumin in rabbits. J Vet.Sci. 2009;10(4):293-297. PubMed
- Yan, Y. D., Kim, D. H., Sung, J. H., Yong, C. S., and Choi, H. G. Enhanced oral bioavailability of docetaxel in rats by four consecutive days of pre-treatment with curcumin. Int J Pharm 10-31-2010;399(1-2):116-120. PubMed
- Epelbaum, R., Schaffer, M., Vizel, B., Badmaev, V., and Bar-Sela, G. Curcumin and gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Nutr Cancer 2010;62(8):1137-1141. PubMed
- Madkor, H. R., Mansour, S. W., and Ramadan, G. Modulatory effects of garlic, ginger, turmeric and their mixture on hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-nicotinamide diabetic rats. Br J Nutr 2011;105(8):1210-1217. PubMed
- Pungcharoenkul, K. and Thongnopnua, P. Effect of different curcuminoid supplement dosages on total in vivo antioxidant capacity and cholesterol levels of healthy human subjects. Phytother Res 2011;25(11):1721-1726.
- Kusuhara, H., Furuie, H., Inano, A., Sunagawa, A., Yamada, S., Wu, C., Fukizawa, S., Morimoto, N., Ieiri, I., Morishita, M., Sumita, K., Mayahara, H., Fujita, T., Maeda, K., and Sugiyama, Y. Pharmacokinetic interaction study of sulphasalazine in healthy
- Mohammadi, A., Sahebkar, A., Iranshahi, M., Amini, M., Khojasteh, R., Ghayour-Mobarhan, M., and Ferns, G. A. Effects of supplementation with curcuminoids on dyslipidemia in obese patients: a randomized crossover trial. Phytother Res 2013;27(3):374-379. PubMed
- Chuengsamarn, S., Rattanamongkolgul, S., Luechapudiporn, R., Phisalaphong, C., and Jirawatnotai, S. Curcumin extract for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2012;35(11):2121-2127. PubMed
- Goh, C. L. and Ng, S. K. Allergic contact dermatitis to Curcuma longa (turmeric). Contact Dermatitis 1987;17(3):186. PubMed
- Srivastava, R., Puri, V., Srimal, R. C., and Dhawan, B. N. Effect of curcumin on platelet aggregation and vascular prostacyclin synthesis. Arzneimittelforschung. 1986;36(4):715-717.
- Srinivasan, M. Effect of curcumin on blood sugar as seen in a diabetic subject. Indian J Med Sci 1972;26(4):269-270.
- Srivastava, K. C., Bordia, A., and Verma, S. K. Curcumin, a major component of food spice turmeric (Curcuma longa) inhibits aggregation and alters eicosanoid metabolism in human blood platelets. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 1995;52(4):223-227 PubMed
- Oetari, S., Sudibyo, M., Commandeur, J. N., Samhoedi, R., and Vermeulen, N. P. Effects of curcumin on cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase activities in rat liver. Biochem Pharmacol 1-12-1996;51(1):39-45. PubMed
- Kiec-Swierczynska, M. and Krecisz, B. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis due to curcumin food colour in a pasta factory worker. Contact Dermatitis 1998;39(1):30-31. PubMed
- Van Dau N, Ngoc Ham N, Huy Khac D, and et al. The effects of a traditional drug, tumeric (Curcuma longa), and placebo on the healing of duodenal ulcer. Phytomed 1998;5(1):29-34.
- Daveluy A, Géniaux H, Thibaud L, Mallaret M, Miremont-Salamé G, Haramburu F. Probable interaction between an oral vitamin K antagonist and turmeric (Curcuma longa). Therapie. 2014 Nov-Dec;69(6):519-20. PubMed
- Kuptniratsaikul V, Dajpratham P, Taechaarpornkul W, Buntragulpoontawee M, Lukkanapichonchut P, Chootip C, Saengsuwan J, Tantayakom K, Laongpech S. Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts compared with ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthrit
- Madhu K, Chanda K, Saji MJ. Safety and efficacy of Curcuma longa extract in the treatment of painful knee osteoarthritis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Inflammopharmacology 2013;21(2):129-36. PubMed
- Mali AM, Behal R, Gilda SS. Comparative evaluation of 0.1% turmeric mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate in prevention of plaque and gingivitis: A clinical and microbiological study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2012;16(3):386-91. PubMed
- Sanmukhani J, Satodia V, Trivedi J, Patel T, Tiwari D, Panchal B, Goel A, Tripathi CB. Efficacy and safety of curcumin in major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res 2014;28(4):579-85. PubMed
- Nayeri A, Wu S, Adams E, et al. Acute Calcineurin Inhibitor Nephrotoxicity Secondary to Turmeric Intake: A Case Report. Transplant Proc. 2017;49(1):198-200. PubMed
- Mitchell TM. Correspondence re: Somasundaram et al., Dietary curcumin inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in models of human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2003;63(16):5165-6; author reply 5166-7.
- Somasundaram S, Edmund NA, Moore DT, Small GW, Shi YY, Orlowski RZ. Dietary curcumin inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in models of human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2002;62(13):3868-75.
- Haroyan A, Mukuchyan V, Mkrtchyan N, et al. Efficacy and safety of curcumin and its combination with boswellic acid in osteoarthritis: a comparative, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018;18(1):7. PubMed
- Al-Karawi D, Al Mamoori DA, Tayyar Y. The role of curcumin administration in patients with major depressive disorder: Mini meta-analysis of clinical trials. Phytother Res. 2016;30(2):175-83. PubMed
- Neerati P, Devde R, Gangi AK. Evaluation of the effect of curcumin capsules on glyburide therapy in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Phytother Res. 2014;28(12):1796-800. PubMed
- Simental-Mendía LE, Pirro M, Gotto AM Jr, et al. Lipid-modifying activity of curcuminoids: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017:1-10. PubMed
- Fung FY, Wong WH, Ang SK, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled study on the anti-haemostatic effects of Curcuma longa, Angelica sinensis and Panax ginseng. Phytomedicine. 2017;32:88-96. PubMed
- Small GW, Siddarth P, Li Z, et al. Memory and brain amyloid and tau effects of a bioavailable form of curcumin in non-demented adults: A double-blind, placebo-controlled 18-month trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2018;26(3):266-277.
- Cruz-Correa M, Hylind LM, Marrero JH, et al. Efficacy and safety of curcumin in treatment of intestinal adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Gastroenterology. 2018 May 23. Pii:S0016-5085(18)34564-5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
- Rahmani S, Asgary S, Askari G, et al. Treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with curcumin: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2016 Sep;30(9):1540-8. PubMed
- Lopez-Villafuerte L, CLores KH. Contact dermatitis caused by turmeric in a massage oil. Contact Dermatitis. 2016 Jul;75(1):52-3. PubMed
- Lukefahr AL, McEvoy S, Alfafara C, Funk JL. Drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis associated with turmeric dietary supplement use. BMJ Case Rep. 2018. pii: bcr-2018-224611. PubMed
- Medsafe Safety Communication- Turmeric/Curcumin Interaction with Warfarin. April 30, 2018. Accessed at: https://medsafe.govt.nz/safety/EWS/2018/Turmeric.asp.
- Imam Z, Khasawneh M, Jomaa D, Iftikhar H, Sayedahmad Z. Drug induced liver injury attributed to a curcumin supplement. Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2019 Oct 20;2019:6029403. doi: 10.1155/2019/6029403. PubMed
- Chand S, Hair C, Beswick L. A rare case of turmeric-induced hepatotoxicity. Intern Med J. 2020;50(2):258-259. PubMed
- Jiang N, Zhang M, Meng X, Sun B. Effects of Curcumin on the Pharmacokinetics of Amlodipine in Rats and Its Potential Mechanism. Pharm Biol. 2020;58(1):465-468. PubMed
- Lee BS, Bhatia T, Chaya CT, Wen R, Taira MT, Lim BS. Autoimmune Hepatitis Associated With Turmeric Consumption. ACG Case Rep J. 2020;7(3):e00320. PubMed
- Lombardi N, Crescioli G, Maggini V, et al. Acute liver injury following turmeric use in Tuscany: an analysis of the Italian Phytovigilance database and systematic review of case reports. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2020. PubMed
- Suhail FK, Masood U, Sharma A, John S, Dhamoon A. Turmeric supplement induced hepatotoxicity: a rare complication of a poorly regulated substance. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2020;58(3):216-217. PubMed
- Nakagawa Y, Mukai S, Yamada S, et al. The efficacy and safety of highly-bioavailable curcumin for treating knee osteoarthritis: a 6-month open-labeled prospective study. Clin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;13:1179544120948471. PubMed
- Shafabakhsh R, Asemi Z, Reiner Z, Soleimani A, Aghadavod E, Bahmani F. The effects of nano-curcumin on metabolic status in patients with diabetes on hemodialysis, a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2020;14(4):290-9.
- Allegri P, Rosa R, Masala A, et al. Clinical effectiveness of a new oral curcumin formulation in acute non-infectious uveitic macular edema: a 12-month observational study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022;26(1):46-53.
- Tsai IC, Hsu CW, Chang CH, Tseng PT, Chang KV. The effect of curcumin differs on individual cognitive domains across different patient populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021;14(12):1235. PubMed
- Alam MA, Bin Jardan YA, Raish M, Al-Mohizea AM, Ahad A, Al-Jenoobi FI. Herb-drug interaction: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-hypertensive drug amlodipine besylate in presence of lepidium sativum and curcuma longa. Xenobiotica 2022;1-9.
- Sohal A, Alhankawi D, Sandhu S, Chintanaboina J. Turmeric-induced hepatotoxicity: Report of 2 cases. Int Med Case Rep J 2021;14:849-852. PubMed
- Hussaarts KGAM, Hurkmans DP, Oomen-de Hoop E, et al. Impact of curcumin (with or without piperine) on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(3):403. PubMed
- Kalluru H, Mallayasamy SR, Kondaveeti SS, Chandrasekhar V, Kalachaveedu M. Effect of turmeric supplementation on the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel in breast cancer patients: A study with population pharmacokinetics approach. Phytother Res 2022;36(4):1761 PubMed
- 109288 Halegoua-DeMarzio D, Navarro V, Ahmad J, et al. Liver injury associated with turmeric-A growing problem: Ten cases from the drug-induced liver injury network [DILIN]. Am J Med. 2022:S0002-9343(22)00740-9. PubMed
- Arzallus T, Izagirre A, Castiella A, Torrente S, Garmendia M, Zapata EM. Drug induced autoimmune hepatitis after turmeric intake. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023. PubMed
- Gilad O, Rosner G, Ivancovsky-Wajcman D, et al. Efficacy of wholistic turmeric supplement on adenomatous polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis-A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Genes (Basel) 2022;13(12):2182. PubMed
- Ahad A, Raish M, Abdelrahman IA, et al. Changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of losartan in experimental diseased rats treated with Curcuma longa and Lepidium sativum. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022;16(1):33. PubMed
- Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
- Pochet S, Lechon AS, Lescrainier C, et al. Herb-anticancer drug interactions in real life based on VigiBase, the WHO global database. Sci Rep 2022;12(1):14178. PubMed
- Kou H, Huang L, Jin M, He Q, Zhang R, Ma J. Effect of curcumin on rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2023;14:1121655. PubMed
- Qiu L, Gao C, Wang H, et al. Effects of dietary polyphenol curcumin supplementation on metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress indices in patients with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front PubMed
- Sato T, Yagi A, Yamauchi M, et al. The use of an antioxidant enables accurate evaluation of the interaction of curcumin on organic anion-transporting polypeptides 4C1 by preventing auto-oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2024;25(2):991. PubMed
- Washington O, Robinson E, Simh D, et al. Oxalate nephropathy and chronic turmeric supplementation: a case report. J Bras Nefrol 2024;46(1):99-106. PubMed
- Munshi R, Karande-Patil S, Kumbhar D, Deshmukh A, Hingorani L. A randomized, controlled, comparative, proof-of-concept study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Nisha-Amalaki capsules in prediabetic patients for preventing progression to diabetes. J Ay PubMed
- Sharifi Razavi A, Mohajerani F, Niksolat F, Karimi N. Efficacy of topical curcumin on mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Pain Med 2024;25(5):327-333. PubMed
- Yaikwawong M, Jansarikit L, Jirawatnotai S, Chuengsamarn S. Curcumin Reduces Depression in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024;16(15):2414. PubMed
- Tehrani SD, Hosseini A, Shahzamani M, et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness of curcumin and piperine co-supplementation on inflammatory factors, cardiac biomarkers, atrial fibrillation, and clinical outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Cl PubMed
- Yaikwawong M, Jansarikit L, Jirawatnotai S, Chuengsamarn S. The Effect of Curcumin on Reducing Atherogenic Risks in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024;16(15):2441. PubMed
- Dibaei M, Hosseini A, Lavasani H, Kiani-Dehkordi B, Rouini M. Assessment of metabolic interaction between curcumin and tramadol using the isolated perfused rat liver. Heliyon 2024;10(15):e35070. PubMed
Boswellia Serrata 16 references
- Gupta I, Gupta V, Parihar A, et al. Effects of Boswellia serrata gum resin in patients with bronchial asthma: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week clinical study. Eur J Med Res 1998;3:511-4.
- Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
- Kimmatkar N, Thawani V, Hingorani L, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of Boswellia serrata extract in treatment of osteoarthritis of knee--a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. Phytomedicine 2003;10:3-7. PubMed
- Liu JJ, Nilsson A, Oredsson S, et al. Boswellic acids trigger apoptosis via a pathway dependent on caspase-8 activation but independent on Fas/Fas ligand interaction in colon cancer HT-29 cells. Carcinogenesis 2002;23:2087-93. PubMed
- Wildfeuer A, Neu IS, Safayhi H, et al. Effects of boswellic acids extracted from a herbal medicine on the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Arzneimittelforschung 1998;48:668-74.
- Gupta I, Parihar A, Malhotra P, et al. Effects of gum resin of Boswellia serrata in patients with chronic colitis. Planta Med 2001;67:391-5. PubMed
- Sengupta K, Alluri KV, Satish AR, et al. A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study of the efficacy and safety of 5-Loxin. Arthritis Res Ther 2008;10:R85.
- Sengupta K, Krishnaraju AV, Vishal AA, et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 5-Loxin and Aflapin against osteoarthritis of the knee: a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical study. Int J Med Sci 2010;7:366-77.
- Ernst E. Frankincense: systematic review. BMJ 2008;337:a2813. PubMed
- Kirste S, Treier M, Wehrle SJ, et al. Boswellia serratea extract acts on cerebral edema in patients irradiated for brain tumors: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot trial. Cancer 2011;117:3788-95.
- Frank A, Unger M. Analysis of frankincense from various Boswellia species with inhibitory activity on human drug metabolising cytochrome P450 enzymes using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry after automated on-line extraction. J Chromatogr A 2006;111 PubMed
- Altmann A, Poeckel D, Fischer L, et al. Coupling of boswellic acid-incuded Ca2+ mobilisation and MAPK activation to lipid metabolism and peroxide formation in human leucocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2004;141:223-32.
- El Fortia, M., Badi, H., Elalem, Kh, Kadiki, O., and Topov, Y. Olibanum bezoar: complication of a traditional popular medicine. East Mediterr.Health J 2006;12(6):927-929.
- Meshkat S, Mahmoodi Baram S, Rajaei S, et al. Boswellia serrata extract shows cognitive benefits in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial in individuals who suffered traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2022;36(4):553-559. PubMed
- Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
- Valente IVB, Garcia D, Abbott A, et al. The anti-proliferative effects of a frankincense extract in a window of opportunity phase ia clinical trial for patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024;204(3):521-530. PubMed
Glucosamine 58 references
- Adams ME. Hype about glucosamine. Lancet 1999;354:353-4. PubMed
- Balkan B, Dunning BE. Glucosamine inhibits glucokinase in vitro and produces a glucose-specific impairment of in vivo insulin secretion in rats. Diabetes 1994;43:1173-9. PubMed
- Giaccari A, Morviducci L, Zorretta D, et al. In vivo effects of glucosamine on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in the rat: possible relevance to the maladaptive responses to chronic hyperglycaemia. Diabetologia 1995;38:518-24. PubMed
- Holmang A, Nilsson C, Niklasson M, et al. Induction of insulin resistance by glucosamine reduces blood flow but not interstitial levels of either glucose or insulin. Diabetes 1999;48:106-11. PubMed
- Houpt JB, McMillan R, Wein C, Paget-Dellio SD. Effect of glucosamine hydrochloride in the treatment of pain of osteoarthritis of the knee. J Rheumatol 1999;26:2423-30.
- Barclay TS, Tsourounis C, McCart GM. Glucosamine. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:574-9.
- Shankar RR, Zhu JS, Baron AD. Glucosamine infusion in rats mimics the beta-cell dysfunction of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 1998;47:573-7.
- Almada A, Harvey P, Platt K. Effects of chronic oral glucosamine sulfate on fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI) in non-diabetic individuals. FASEB J 2000;14:A750.
- Reginster JY, Deroisy R, Rovati LC, et al. Long-term effects of glucosamine sulfate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2001;357:251-6.
- Does glucosamine increase serum lipid levels and blood pressure? Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter 2001;17(11):171115.
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
- Monauni T, Zenti MG, Cretti A, et al. Effects of glucosamine infusion on insulin secretion and insulin action in humans. Diabetes 2000;49:926-35. PubMed
- Pouwels MJ, Jacobs JR, Span PN, et al. Short-term glucosamine infusion does not affect insulin sensitivity in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:2099-103. DOI
- Yun J, Tomida A, Nagata K, Tsuruo T. Glucose-regulated stresses confer resistance to VP-16 in human cancer cells through a decreased expression of DNA topoisomerase II. Oncol Res 1995;7:583-90.
- Pavelka K, Gatterova J, Olejarova M, et al. Glucosamine sulfate use and delay of progression of knee osteoarthritis: A 3-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:2113-23. PubMed
- Tallia AF, Cardone DA. Asthma exacerbation associated with glucosamine-chondroitin supplement. J Am Board Fam Pract 2002;15:481-4..
- Scroggie DA, Albright A, Harris MD. The effect of glucosamine-chondroitin supplementation on glycosylated hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial. Arch Intern Med 2003; PubMed
- Hoffer LJ, Kaplan LN, Hamadeh MJ, et al. Sulfate could mediate the therapeutic effect of glucosamine sulfate. Metabolism 2001;50:767-70.. PubMed
- Yu JG, Boies SM, Olefsky JM. The effect of oral glucosamine sulfate on insulin sensitivity in human subjects. Diabetes Care 2003;26:1941-2. PubMed
- Danao-Camara T. Potential side effects of treatment with glucosamine and chondroitin. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:2853. PubMed
- Guillaume MP, Peretz A. Possible association between glucosamine treatment and renal toxicity: comment on the letter by Danao-Camara. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:2943-4. PubMed
- Rozenfeld V, Crain JL, Callahan AK. Possible augmentation of warfarin effect by glucosamine-chondroitin. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2004;61:306-307. PubMed
- Tannis AJ, Barban J, Conquer JA. Effect of glucosamine supplementation on fasting and non-fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations in healthy individuals. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2004;12:506-11. PubMed
- Bush TM, Rayburn KS, Holloway SW, et al. Adverse interactions between herbal and dietary substances and prescription medications: a clinical survey. Altern Ther Health Med 2007;13:30-5.
- Stumpf JL, Lin SW. Effect of glucosamine on glucose control. Ann Pharmacother 2006;40:694-8. PubMed
- Pham T, Cornea A, Blick KE, et al. Oral glucosamine in doses used to treat osteoarthritis worsens insulin resistance. Am J Med Sci 2007;333:333-9. PubMed
- Muniyappa R, Karne RJ, Hall G, et al. Oral glucosamine for 6 weeks at standard doses does not cause or worsen insulin resistance or endothelial dysfunction in lean or obese subjects. Diabetes 2006;55:3142-50. PubMed
- Knudsen J, Sokol GH. Potential glucosamine-warfarin interaction resulting in increased international normalized ratio: Case report and review of the literature and MedWatch database. Pharmacotherapy 2008;28:540-8. PubMed
- Yue QY, Strandell J, Myrberg O. Concomitant use of glucosamine potentiates the effect of warfarin. Jan 2006. Drug Safety 29(10):911-1010. DOI
- Rozendaal RM, Koes BW, van Osch GJVM, et al. Effect of glucosamine sulfate on hip osteoarthritis: A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2008;148:268-77. PubMed
- Baron AD, Zhu JS, Zhu JH, et al. Glucosamine induces insulin resistance in vivo by affecting GLUT 4 translocation in skeletal muscle. Implications for glucose toxicity. J Clin Invest 1995;96(6):2792-801. PubMed
- Nelson BA, Robinson KA, Buse MG. High glucose and glucosamine induce insulin resistance via different mechanisms in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Diabetes 2000;49(6):981-91. PubMed
- Giordano N, Fioravanti A, Papakostas P, et al. The efficacy and tolerability of glucosamine sulfate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2009;70(3):185-196. PubMed
- Shaygannejad, V., Janghorbani, M., Savoj, M. R., and Ashtari, F. Effects of adjunct glucosamine sulfate on relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis progression: preliminary findings of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurol Res 2010;32(9):981-985. PubMed
- Cahlin, B. J. and Dahlstrom, L. No effect of glucosamine sulfate on osteoarthritis in the temporomandibular joints--a randomized, controlled, short-term study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011;112(6):760-766. PubMed
- Cerda C, Bruguera M, Parés A. Hepatotoxicity associated with glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in patients with chronic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19(32):5381-4. PubMed
- Hochberg MC, Martel-Pelletier J, Monfort J, Möller I, Castillo JR, Arden N,Berenbaum F, Blanco FJ, Conaghan PG, Doménech G, Henrotin Y, Pap T, Richette P, Sawitzke A, du Souich P, Pelletier JP; on behalf of the MOVES Investigation Group. Combined chondroi
- von Felden J, Montani M, Kessebohm K, Stickel F. Drug-induced acute liver injury mimicking autoimmune hepatitis after intake of dietary supplements containing glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013;51(3):219-23. PubMed
- Provenza JR, Shinjo SK, Silva JM, Peron CR, Rocha FA. Combined glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, once or three times daily, provides clinically relevant analgesia in knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2015;34:1455-62. PubMed
- Ossendza RA, Grandval P, Chinoune F, Rocher F, Chapel F, Bernardini D. [Acute cholestatic hepatitis due to glucosamine forte]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2007 Apr;31(4):449-50.
- Audimoolam VK, Bhandari S. Acute interstitial nephritis induced by glucosamine. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006;21(7):2031. PubMed
- Greenlee H, Crew KD, Shao T, Kranwinkel G, Kalinsky K, Maurer M, Brafman L, Insel B, Tsai WY, Hershman DL. Phase II study of glucosamine with chondroitin on aromatase inhibitor-associated joint symptoms in women with breast cancer. Support Care Cancer 201 PubMed
- Wilkens, P., Scheel, I. B., Grundnes, O., Hellum, C., and Storheim, K. Effect of glucosamine on pain-related disability in patients with chronic low back pain and degenerative lumbar osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2010;304(1):45-52. PubMed
- Simon RR, Marks V, Leeds AR, Anderson JW. A comprehensive review of oral glucosamine use and effects on glucose metabolism in normal and diabetic individuals. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011;27(1):14-27. PubMed
- Smidt D, Torpet LA, Nauntofte B, Heegaard KM, Pedersen AM. Associations between labial and whole salivary flow rates, systemic diseases and medications in a sample of older people. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010;38(5):422-35. PubMed
- Wangroongsub Y, Tanavalee A, Wilairatana V, Ngarmukos S. Comparable clinical outcomes between glucosamine sulfate-potassium chloride and glucosamine sulfate sodium chloride in patients with mild and moderate knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind
- Chopra A, Saluja M, Tillu G, Venugopalan A, Sarmukaddam S, Raut AK, Bichile L, Narsimulu G, Handa R, Patwardhan B. A Randomized Controlled Exploratory Evaluation of Standardized Ayurvedic Formulations in Symptomatic Osteoarthritis Knees: A Government of I
- Swinburne LM. Glucosamine sulphate and osteoarthritis. Lancet 2001;357(9268):1617. PubMed
- Murphy RK, Ketzler L, Rice RD, Johnson SM, Doss MS, Jaccoma EH. Oral glucosamine supplements as a possible ocular hypertensive agent. JAMA Ophthalmol 2013;131(7):955-7. PubMed
- Kimball AB, Kaczvinsky JR, Li J, et al. Reduction in the appearance of facial hyperpigmentation after use of moisturizers with a combination of topical niacinamide and N-acetyl glucosamine: results of a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial.
- Ma H, Li X, Sun D, et al. Association of habitual glucosamine use with risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective study in UK Biobank. BMJ. 2019 May 14;365:l1628. PubMed
- Hoban C, Byard R, Musgrave I. Hypersensitive adverse drug reactions to glucosamine and chondroitin preparations in Australia between 2000 and 2011. Postgrad Med J. 2019 Oct 9. pii: postgradmedj-2019-136957. PubMed
- Tenti S, Veronese N, Cheleschi S, et al. Prescription-grade crystalline glucosamine sulfate as an add-on therapy to conventional treatments in erosive osteoarthritis of the hand: results from a 6-month observational retrospective study. Aging Clin Exp Res PubMed
- Yu H, Wu J, Chen H, et al. Glucosamine use is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with osteoarthritis: results from a large study in 685,778 subjects. Nutrients 2022;14(18):3694. PubMed
- Chu EC, Huang KHK, Cheung G, Ng G, Lin A. Delayed Skin Allergy to Glucosamine Chondroitin Supplement. Cureus 2023;15(3):e36310. PubMed
- Lila AM, Alekseeva LI, Baranov AA, et al. Chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine combination in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis: A long-term observational study in Russia. World J Orthop 2023;14(6):443-457. PubMed
- Lehrer S, Morello T, Karrasch C, Rheinstein PH, Danias J. Effect of Glucosamine on Intraocular Pressure and Risk of Developing Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2023. PubMed
- Rabade A, Viswanatha GL, Nandakumar K, Kishore A. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and their combination regimen in the management of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflammopharmac PubMed
Collagen Peptides 2 references
- Trc T, Bohmová J. Efficacy and tolerance of enzymatic hydrolysed collagen (EHC) vs. glucosamine sulphate (GS) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Int Orthop. 2011;35(3):341-8. PubMed
- Evans M, Lewis ED, Zakaria N, Pelipyagina T, Guthrie N. A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study to evaluate the efficacy of a freshwater marine collagen on skin wrinkles and elasticity. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20(3):825-834. PubMed
Cannabis 261 references
- Robbers JE, Speedie MK, Tyler VE. Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1996.
- Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
- Johnson MA, Robin P, Smith RP, Morrisona D, et al. Large lung bullae in marijuana smokers. Thorax 2000;55:340-2.. PubMed
- Hebel SK, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons. 52nd ed. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons, 1998.
- Tyrey L. Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol: a potent inhibitor of episodic luteinizing hormone secretion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1980;213:306-8. DOI
- Briggs GB, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998.
- Solowij N, Stephens RS, Roffman RA, et al. Cognitive functioning of long-term heavy cannabis users seeking treatment. JAMA 2002;287:1123-31.. PubMed
- Marinol Prescribing Information. Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Rev March 2008. Available at: http://www.solvaypharmaceuticals-us.com/static/wma/pdf/1/3/2/5/0/004InsertText500012RevMar2008.pdf (Accessed 2 July 2009).
- Yamreudeewong W, Wong HK, Brausch LM, Pulley KR. Probable interaction between warfarin and marijuana smoking. Ann Pharmacother 2009;43:1347-53. PubMed
- Ware MA, Wang T, Shapiro S, et al. Smoked cannabis for chronic neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ 2010;182:e694-e701. PubMed
- Pellinen, P., Honkakoski, P., Stenback, F., Niemitz, M., Alhava, E., Pelkonen, O., Lang, M. A., and Pasanen, M. Cocaine N-demethylation and the metabolism-related hepatotoxicity can be prevented by cytochrome P450 3A inhibitors. Eur.J Pharmacol 1-3-1994;2 PubMed
- Johnson, E. M. Substance abuse and women's health. Public Health Rep. 1987;102(4 Suppl):42-48.
- Astley, S. J. and Little, R. E. Maternal marijuana use during lactation and infant development at one year. Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 1990;12(2):161-168. PubMed
- Levy, R., Schurr, A., Nathan, I., Dvilanski, A., and Livne, A. Impairment of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by hashish components. Thromb.Haemost. 12-31-1976;36(3):634-640. DOI
- Payne, R. J. and Brand, S. N. The toxicity of intravenously used marihuana. JAMA 7-28-1975;233(4):351-354. DOI
- Sheweita, S. A. Narcotic drugs change the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 and 2C6 and other activities of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes in the liver of male mice. Toxicology 9-30-2003;191(2-3):133-142. PubMed
- Rog, D. J., Nurmikko, T. J., Friede, T., and Young, C. A. Randomized, controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in central pain in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 9-27-2005;65(6):812-819. PubMed
- Perras, C. Sativex for the management of multiple sclerosis symptoms. Issues Emerg.Health Technol. 2005;(72):1-4.
- Zhu, H. J., Wang, J. S., Markowitz, J. S., Donovan, J. L., Gibson, B. B., Gefroh, H. A., and Devane, C. L. Characterization of P-glycoprotein inhibition by major cannabinoids from marijuana. J Pharmacol Exp.Ther. 2006;317(2):850-857. PubMed
- Holland, M. L., Panetta, J. A., Hoskins, J. M., Bebawy, M., Roufogalis, B. D., Allen, J. D., and Arnold, J. C. The effects of cannabinoids on P-glycoprotein transport and expression in multidrug resistant cells. Biochem.Pharmacol 4-14-2006;71(8):1146-115 PubMed
- Tetrault, J. M., Crothers, K., Moore, B. A., Mehra, R., Concato, J., and Fiellin, D. A. Effects of marijuana smoking on pulmonary function and respiratory complications: a systematic review. Arch.Intern.Med. 2-12-2007;167(3):221-228. PubMed
- Moore, T. H., Zammit, S., Lingford-Hughes, A., Barnes, T. R., Jones, P. B., Burke, M., and Lewis, G. Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review. Lancet 7-28-2007;370(9584):319-328. PubMed
- Aldington, S., Williams, M., Nowitz, M., Weatherall, M., Pritchard, A., McNaughton, A., Robinson, G., and Beasley, R. Effects of cannabis on pulmonary structure, function and symptoms. Thorax 2007;62(12):1058-1063. PubMed
- Ben Amar, M. and Potvin, S. Cannabis and psychosis: what is the link? J Psychoactive Drugs 2007;39(2):131-142. PubMed
- Vidal, C., Fuente, R., Iglesias, A., and Saez, A. Bronchial asthma due to Cannabis sativa seed. Allergy 1991;46(8):647-649.
- Beshay, M., Kaiser, H., Niedhart, D., Reymond, M. A., and Schmid, R. A. Emphysema and secondary pneumothorax in young adults smoking cannabis. Eur.J Cardiothorac.Surg. 2007;32(6):834-838. PubMed
- Rog, D. J., Nurmikko, T. J., and Young, C. A. Oromucosal delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol for neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis: an uncontrolled, open-label, 2-year extension trial. Clin Ther. 2007;29(9):2068-2079.
- Aldington, S., Harwood, M., Cox, B., Weatherall, M., Beckert, L., Hansell, A., Pritchard, A., Robinson, G., and Beasley, R. Cannabis use and risk of lung cancer: a case-control study. Eur.Respir.J 2008;31(2):280-286. PubMed
- Noel, B., Ruf, I., and Panizzon, R. G. Cannabis arteritis. J Am.Acad.Dermatol. 2008;58(5 Suppl 1):S65-S67.
- Cappelli, F., Lazzeri, C., Gensini, G. F., and Valente, S. Cannabis: a trigger for acute myocardial infarction? A case report. J Cardiovasc.Med.(Hagerstown.) 2008;9(7):725-728. PubMed
- Indlekofer, F., Piechatzek, M., Daamen, M., Glasmacher, C., Lieb, R., Pfister, H., Tucha, O., Lange, K. W., Wittchen, H. U., and Schutz, C. G. Reduced memory and attention performance in a population-based sample of young adults with a moderate lifetime
- Mushtaq, F., Mondelli, V., and Pariante, C. M. The metabolic implications of long term cannabis use in patients with psychosis. Epidemiol.Psichiatr.Soc. 2008;17(3):221-226. PubMed
- Zammit, S., Moore, T. H., Lingford-Hughes, A., Barnes, T. R., Jones, P. B., Burke, M., and Lewis, G. Effects of cannabis use on outcomes of psychotic disorders: systematic review. Br.J Psychiatry 2008;193(5):357-363. PubMed
- Tucker, P. Substance misuse and early psychosis. Australas.Psychiatry 2009;17(4):291-294. PubMed
- Reece, A. S. Chronic toxicology of cannabis. Clin Toxicol.(Phila) 2009;47(6):517-524. PubMed
- Grotenhermen, F. Cannabis-associated arteritis. Vasa 2010;39(1):43-53. PubMed
- McGrath, J., Welham, J., Scott, J., Varghese, D., Degenhardt, L., Hayatbakhsh, M. R., Alati, R., Williams, G. M., Bor, W., and Najman, J. M. Association between cannabis use and psychosis-related outcomes using sibling pair analysis in a cohort of young
- Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators. Evidence that familial liability for psychosis is expressed as differential sensitivity to cannabis: an analysis of patient-sibling and sibling-control pairs. Arch.Gen.Psychiatry 2011;68(2):138 PubMed
- Le Guen, P. Y., Gestin, S., Plat, E., Quehe, P., and Bressollette, L. [Renal and spleen infarction after massive consumption of cannabis and cocaine in a young man]. J.Mal Vasc. 2011;36(1):41-44.
- Large, M., Sharma, S., Compton, M. T., Slade, T., and Nielssen, O. Cannabis use and earlier onset of psychosis: a systematic meta-analysis. Arch.Gen.Psychiatry 2011;68(6):555-561. PubMed
- Lynch, M. E. and Campbell, F. Cannabinoids for treatment of chronic non-cancer pain; a systematic review of randomized trials. Br.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2011;72(5):735-744. PubMed
- Li, M. C., Brady, J. E., DiMaggio, C. J., Lusardi, A. R., Tzong, K. Y., and Li, G. Marijuana use and motor vehicle crashes. Epidemiol.Rev. 2012;34(1):65-72. PubMed
- Richards, B. L., Whittle, S. L., and Buchbinder, R. Neuromodulators for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;1:CD008921. PubMed
- Asbridge, M., Hayden, J. A., and Cartwright, J. L. Acute cannabis consumption and motor vehicle collision risk: systematic review of observational studies and meta-analysis. BMJ 2012;344:e536. PubMed
- Fajardo, L. L. Association of spontaneous pneumomediastinum with substance abuse. West J Med 1990;152(3):301-304.
- Formukong, E. A., Evans, A. T., and Evans, F. J. The inhibitory effects of cannabinoids, the active constituents of Cannabis sativa L. on human and rabbit platelet aggregation. J.Pharm.Pharmacol. 1989;41(10):705-709.
- Hollister, L. E. Interactions of cannabis with other drugs in man. NIDA Res.Monogr 1986;68:110-116. DOI
- Harvey DJ. Absorption, distribution, and biotransformation of the cannabinoids. Marijuana and Medicine. 1999;91-103. DOI
- Bornheim LM, Everhart ET, Li J, Correia MA. Characterization of cannabidiol-mediated cytochrome P450 inactivation. Biochem Pharmacol 1993;45(6):1323-31. PubMed
- Mittleman MA, Lewis RA, Maclure M, Sherwood JB, Muller JE. Triggering myocardial infarction by marijuana. Circulation. 2001;103(23):2805-9. PubMed
- Combemale P, Consort T, Denis-Thelis L, et al. Cannabis arteritis. Br J Dermatol. 2005;152(1):166-9.
- Gibbs M, Winsper C, Marwaha S, et al. Cannabis use and mania symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2015;171:39-47. PubMed
- Hackam DG. Cannabis and stroke: systematic appraisal of case reports. Stroke. 2015;46(3):852-6.
- Hancock-Allen JB, Barker L, VanDyke M, Holmes DB. Notes from the Field: Death Following Ingestion of an Edible Marijuana Product--Colorado, March 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(28):771-2. PubMed
- Ince B, Benbir G, Yuksel O, et al. Both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke following high doses of cannabis consumption. Presse Med. 2015;44(1):106-7. PubMed
- Lev-Ran S, Roerecke M, Le Foll B, et al. The association between cannabis use and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychol Med. 2014;44(4):797-810. PubMed
- Ozyurt S, Muderrisoglu F, Ermete M, Afsar F. Cannabis-induced erythema multiforme-like recurrent drug eruption. Int J Dermatol. 2014;53(1):e22-3. PubMed
- Jouanjus E, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Micallef J; French Association of the Regional Abuse and Dependence Monitoring Centres (CEIP-A) Working Group on Cannabis Complications. Cannabis use: signal of increasing risk of serious cardiovascular disorders. J Am Heart PubMed
- Westover AN, McBride S, Haley RW. Stroke in young adults who abuse amphetamines or cocaine: a population-based study of hospitalized patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Apr;64(4):495-502. PubMed
- Barber PA, Pridmore HM, Krishnamurthy V, et al. Cannabis, ischemic stroke, and transient ischemic attack: a case-control study. Stroke. 2013 Aug;44(8):2327-9. PubMed
- Clark SC, Greene C, Karr GW, MacCannell KL, Milstein SL. Cardiovascular effects of marihuana in man. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1974 Jun;52(3):706-19. PubMed
- Beaconsfield P, Ginsburg J, Rainsbury R. Marihuana smoking. Cardiovascular effects in man and possible mechanisms. N Engl J Med. 1972 Aug 3;287(5):209-12.
- Clark SC. Marihuana and the cardiovascular system. Pharmacol Biochem Behavior. 1975;3(2):299-306. PubMed
- Sidney S. Cardiovascular Consequences of Marijuana Use. J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;42(11 Suppl):64S-70S. PubMed
- Greenberg I, Kuehnle J, Mendelson JH, Bernstein JG. Effects of Marihuana use on body weight and caloric intake in humans. Psychopharmacol. 1976;49:79-84. PubMed
- Sansone RA, Sansone LA. Marijuana and body weight. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2014;11(7-8):50-4.
- Reece AS. Severe multisystem dysfunction in a case of high level exposure to smoked cannabis. BMJ Case Rep. 2009;2009. pii: bcr08.2008.0798. PubMed
- Huson HB, Granados TM, Rasko Y. Surgical considerations of marijuana use in elective procedures. Heliyon. 2018;4(9):e00779. PubMed
- Goyal H, Awad HH, Ghali JK. Role of cannabis in cardiovascular disorders. J Thorac Dis. 2017;9(7):2079-2092. PubMed
- Wilsey B, Marcotte TD, Deutsch R, Zhao H, Prasad H, Phan A. An exploratory human laboratory experiment evaluating vaporized cannabis in the treatment of neuropathic pain from spinal cord injury and disease. J Pain. 2016;17(9):982-1000. PubMed
- Gunn JK, Rosales CB, Center KE, et al. Prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2016;6(4):e009986. PubMed
- Marconi A, Di Forti M, Lewis CM, Murray RM, Vassos E. Meta-analysis of the association between the level of cannabis use and risk of psychosis. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(5):1262-9. PubMed
- Schoeler T, Monk A, Sami MB, et al. Continued versus discontinued cannabis use in patients with psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3(3):215-25. PubMed
- Whiting PF, Wolff RF, Deshpande S, et al. Cannabinoids for medical use: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2015;313(24):2456-73. PubMed
- Kedzior KK, Laeber LT. A positive association between anxiety disorders and cannabis use or cannabis use disorders in the general population--a meta-analysis of 31 studies. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14:136. PubMed
- Ocampo TL, Rans TS. Cannabis sativa: the unconventional "weed" allergen. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015;114(3):187-92. PubMed
- Shere A, Goyal H. Cannabis can augment thrombolytic properties of rtPA: Intracranial hemorrhage in a heavy cannabis user. Am J Emerg Med. 2017;35(12):1988.e1-1988.e2. PubMed
- Atchaneeyasakul K, Torres LF, Malik AM. Large amount of cannabis ingestion resulting in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A case report. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017;26(7):e138-e139. PubMed
- Lotan I, Treves TA, Roditi Y, Djaldetti R. Cannabis (medical marijuana) treatment for motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson disease: an open-label observational study. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2014;37(2):41-4. PubMed
- Duran M, Pérez E, Abanades S, et al. Preliminary efficacy and safety of an oromucosal standardized cannabis extract in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010;70(5):656-63. PubMed
- Gaston TE, Bebin EM, Cutter GR, Liu Y, Szaflarski JP; UAB CBD Program. Interactions between cannabidiol and commonly used antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia. 2017 Sep;58(9):1586-92. PubMed
- Devinsky O, Marsh E, Friedman D, et la. Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial. Lancet Neurol. 2016 Mar;15(3):270-8.
- Geffrey AL, Pollack SF, Bruno PL, Thiele EA. Drug-drug interaction between clobazam and cannabidiol in children with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2015 Aug;56(8):1246-51. PubMed
- Akturk HK, Taylor DD, Camsari UM, Rewers A, Kinney GL, Shah VN. Association Between Cannabis Use and Risk for Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes. JAMA Intern Med. 2018. PubMed
- Bahorik AL, Sterling SA, Campbell CI, Weisner C, Ramo D, Satre DD. Medical and non-medical marijuana use in depression: Longitudinal associations with suicidal ideation, everyday functioning, and psychiatry service utilization. J Affect Disord. 2018;241:8 PubMed
- Bonnet U, Preuss UW. The cannabis withdrawal syndrome: current insights. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2017;8:9-37. PubMed
- Cadman PE. Hypophosphatemia in Users of Cannabis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2017;69(1):152-155. PubMed
- Damkier P, Lassen D, Christensen MMH, Madsen KG, Hellfritzsch M, Pottegård A. Interaction between warfarin and cannabis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2019;124(1):28-31. PubMed
- Fogang YF, Camara M, Mbonda PC, Toffa D, Touré K. Late onset epilepsy associated with marijuana abuse: a case report with MRI findings. Pan Afr Med J. 2014;17:158. PubMed
- Ghasemiesfe M, Ravi D, Vali M, et al. Marijuana Use, Respiratory Symptoms, and Pulmonary Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(2):106-115. PubMed
- Howaizi M, Chahine M, Haydar F, Jemaa Y, Lapoile E. Cannabis-induced recurrent acute pancreatitis. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2012;75(4):446-7.
- Lawn W, Freeman TP, Pope RA, et al. Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on effort-related decision-making and reward learning: an evaluation of the cannabis 'amotivational' hypotheses. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2016;233(19-20):3537-52. PubMed
- Matta A, Tandra PK, Berim L. Priapism in a patient with sickle cell trait using marijuana. BMJ Case Rep. 2014;2014. PubMed
- Nourbakhsh M, Miller A, Gofton J, Jones G, Adeagbo B. Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: Reports of Fatal Cases. J Forensic Sci. 2019;64(1):270-274. PubMed
- Toce MS, Farias M, Powell AJ, Daly KP, Vargas SO, Burns MM. Myocardial Infarct After Marijuana Inhalation in a 16-year-old Adolescent Boy. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2019;22(1):80-86. PubMed
- Zhang LR, Morgenstern H, Greenland S, et al. Cannabis smoking and lung cancer risk: Pooled analysis in the International Lung Cancer Consortium. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(4):894-903.
- Product information for Marinol. AbbVie. North Chicago, IL 60064. August 2017. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/018651s029lbl.pdf.
- Hogendorf AM, Fendler W, Sieroslawski J, et al. Breaking the Taboo: Illicit Drug Use among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res. 2016;2016:4153278. Epub 2015 Dec 29. PubMed
- Lee P, Greenfield JR, Gilbert K, Campbell LV. Recreational drug use in type 1 diabetes: an invisible accomplice to poor glycaemic control? Intern Med J. 2012 Feb;42(2):198-202. PubMed
- Winhusen T, Theobald J, Kaelber D, Tlimat A, Lewis D. Using big data to evaluate the association between substance use disorders (SUDS) and T2DM-complications. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2018;33(2):S382. Abstract Only.
- Thurheimer-Cacciotti JL, Sereika SM, Schmitt P, et al. The effect of risk-taking behaviors on hemoglobin A1c in women with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2017;66:A226. Abstract Only.
- van de Donk T, Niesters M, Kowal MA, Olofsen E, Dahan A, van Velzen M. An experimental randomized study on the analgesic effects of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia. Pain. 2019 Apr;160(4):860-869. PubMed
- Chocron Y, Zuber JP, Vaucher J. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. BMJ. 2019 Jul 19;366:l4336. PubMed
- Kheifets M, Karniel E, Landa D, Vons SA, Meridor K, Charach G. Resolution of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome with Benzodiazepines: A Case Series. Isr Med Assoc J. 2019 Jun;21(6):404-407.
- Corsi DJ, Walsh L, Weiss D, et al. Association Between Self-reported Prenatal Cannabis Use and Maternal, Perinatal, and Neonatal Outcomes. JAMA. 2019 Jul 9;322(2):145-152. PubMed
- Di Forti M, Quattrone D, Freeman TP, et al. The contribution of cannabis use to variation in the incidence of psychotic disorder across Europe (EU-GEI): a multicentre case-control study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019 May;6(5):427-436.
- Ogeil RP, Cheetham A, Mooney A, et al. Early adolescent drinking and cannabis use predicts later sleep-quality problems. Psychol Addict Behav. 2019 May;33(3):266-273. PubMed
- Ghasemiesfe M, Barrow B, Leonard S, Keyhani S, Korenstein D. Association between marijuana use and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Nov 1;2(11):e1916318. PubMed
- Rodriguez CE, Sheeder J, Allshouse AA, et al. Marijuana use in young mothers and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG. 2019 Nov;126(12):1491-1497. PubMed
- Smid MC. Marijuana use among young pregnant women: more common and more harmful than we think. BJOG. 2019 Nov;126(12):1498. PubMed
- Brar BK, Patil PS, Jackson DN, Gardner MO, Alexander JM, Doyle NM. Effect of intrauterine marijuana exposure on fetal growth patterns and placental vascular resistance. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019 Nov 11:1-5. PubMed
- Adejumo AC, Flanagan R, Kuo B, Staller K. Relationship Between Recreational Marijuana Use and Bowel Function in a Nationwide Cohort Study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Nov 22. PubMed
- Qian ZJ, Alyono JC. An association between marijuana use and tinnitus. Am J Otolaryngol. 2020 Jan - Feb;41(1):102314. PubMed
- Lovell ME, Akhurst J, Padgett C, Garry MI, Matthews A. Cognitive outcomes associated with long-term, regular, recreational cannabis use in adults: A meta-analysis. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Oct 31. PubMed
- Alshaarawy O, Anthony JC. Are cannabis users less likely to gain weight? Results from a national 3-year prospective study. Int J Epidemiol. 2019 Oct 1;48(5):1695-1700. PubMed
- Budney AJ, Roffman R, Stephens R, Walker D. Marijuana dependence and its treatment. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2007;4(1):4-16. PubMed
- Zehra A, Burns J, Liu CK, et al. Cannabis Addiction and the Brain: a Review. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2018;13(4):438-52. PubMed
- Bahji A, Stephenson C, Tyo R, Hawken ER, Seitz DP. Prevalence of Cannabis Withdrawal Symptoms Among People With Regular or Dependent Use of Cannabinoids: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(4):e202370. PubMed
- Madden K, Tanco K, Bruera E. Clinically Significant Drug-Drug Interaction Between Methadone and Cannabidiol. Pediatrics. 2020;e20193256. PubMed
- Baltz JW, Le LT. Serotonin Syndrome versus Cannabis Toxicity in the Emergency Department. Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med. 2020;4(2):171-173. PubMed
- Bucchino L, Monzani A, Fracon S, Genoni G, Cena T, Bellone S. Cannabis-Related Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in a 16-Year-Old Patient: A Case Report. Front Pediatr. 2019;7:468. PubMed
- Hindley G, Beck K, Borgan F, et al. Psychiatric symptoms caused by cannabis constituents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):344-353. PubMed
- Santaella-Tenorio J, Wheeler-Martin K, DiMaggio CJ, et al. Association of Recreational Cannabis Laws in Colorado and Washington State With Changes in Traffic Fatalities, 2005-2017. JAMA Intern Med. 2020. PubMed
- Kloft L, Otgaar H, Blokland A, Garbaciak A, Monds LA, Ramaekers JG. False memory formation in cannabis users: a field study. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2019;236(12):3439-3450. PubMed
- Rosekind MR, Ehsani JP, Michael JP. Reducing Impaired Driving Fatalities: Data Need to Drive Testing, Enforcement, and Policy. JAMA Intern Med. 2020. PubMed
- Parekh T, Pemmasani S, Desai R. Marijuana Use Among Young Adults (18-44 Years of Age) and Risk of Stroke: A Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Analysis. Stroke. 2020;51(1):308-310. PubMed
- Ramphul K, Joynauth J. Cardiac Arrhythmias Among Teenagers Using Cannabis in the United States. Am J Cardiol. 2019;124(12):1966. PubMed
- Kamer RS, Warshafsky S, Kamer GC. Change in Traffic Fatality Rates in the First 4 States to Legalize Recreational Marijuana. JAMA Intern Med. 2020. PubMed
- Zaidi SR, Khan ZH, Mukhtar K, Ahmed MM, Syed SH. A Case of Intussusception in a Patient with Marijuana Use: Coincidence or Possible Correlation? Cureus. 2020;12(3):e7493. PubMed
- Paul SP, Hatoum AS, Fine JD, et al. Associations between prenatal cannabis exposure and childhood outcomes: results from the ABCD Study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;e202902. PubMed
- Ammerman SD, Ryan SA, Adelman WP, et al. The impact of marijuana policies on youth: clinical, research, and legal update. Pediatrics. 2015;135(3):584-7. DOI
- Emoto J, Weeks K, Kallail KJ. Accidental Acute Cannabis Intoxication Presenting as Seizure in Pediatrics Patients. Kans J Med. 2020;13: 129-130. DOI
- Hines LA, Freeman TP, Gage SH, et al. Association of High-Potency Cannabis Use With Mental Health and Substance Use in Adolescence. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(10):1044-1051. PubMed
- Monte AA, K Shelton SK, Mills E., Acute Illness Associated With Cannabis Use, by Route of Exposure: An Observational Study. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Apr 16;170(8):531-537. PubMed
- San Luis CV, Nobleza COS, Shekhar S, et al. Association between recent cannabinoid use and acute ischemic stroke. Neurol Clin Pract. 2020;10(4):333-339. PubMed
- Arkell TR, Vinckenbosch F, Kevin RC, Theunissen EL, McGregor IS, Ramaekers JG. Effect of Cannabidiol and ?9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Driving Performance: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020;324(21):2177-2186.
- Brown GW, Bellnier TJ, Janda M, Miskowitz K. ?-9-tetrahydrocannabinol dose increase leads to warfarin drug interaction and elevated INR. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2021;61(1):e57-e60. PubMed
- Cole TB, Saitz R. Cannabis and Impaired Driving. JAMA. 2020;324(21):2163-2164. PubMed
- Corsi DJ, Donelle J, Sucha E, et al. Maternal cannabis use in pregnancy and child neurodevelopmental outcomes. Nat Med. 2020;26(10):1536-1540. PubMed
- Dellazizzo L, Potvin S, Dou BY, et al. Association Between the Use of Cannabis and Physical Violence in Youths: A Meta-Analytical Investigation. Am J Psychiatry. 2020;177(7):619-626. PubMed
- Faustino ISP, González-Arriagada WA, Cordero-Torres K, Lopes MA. Candidiasis of the tongue in cannabis users: a report of 2 cases. Gen Dent. 2020;68(5):66-68.
- Gorfinkel LR, Stohl M, Hasin D. Association of Depression With Past-Month Cannabis Use Among US Adults Aged 20 to 59 Years, 2005 to 2016. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013802. PubMed
- Grzeskowiak LE, Grieger JA, Andraweera P, et al. The deleterious effects of cannabis during pregnancy on neonatal outcomes. Med J Aust. 2020;212(11):519-524. PubMed
- Lawin D, Lawrenz T, Tego A, Stellbrink C. Cannabis-induced recurrent myocardial infarction in a 21-year-old man: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep. 2020;4(3):1-5. PubMed
- Lewis B, Fleeger T, Judge B, Riley B, Jones JS. Acute toxicity associated with cannabis edibles following decriminalization of marijuana in Michigan. Am J Emerg Med. 2020:S0735-6757(20)30872-X. PubMed
- Manning T, Bartow C, McNaughton M, Reynolds E, Chen Z. Vaping Cannabis Oil: A Case of Catatonia Associated With Use of High-Potency Cannabis. Psychosomatics. 2020;61(6):745-751. PubMed
- Mekala H, Malik Z, Lone J, Shah K, Ishaq M. Cannabis-Induced Catatonia: A Case Series. Cureus. 2020;12(6):e8603. PubMed
- Tournier N, Lucie Chevillard L, Megarbane B, et al. Interaction of drugs of abuse and maintenance treatments with human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2). Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010;13(7):905-15. PubMed
- Arnold JC, Hone P, Holland ML, Allen JD. CB2 and TRPV1 receptors mediate cannabinoid actions on MDR1 expression in multidrug resistant cells. Pharmacol Rep. 2012;64(3):751-7. PubMed
- Wymore EM, Palmer C, Wang GS, et al. Persistence of ?-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Human Breast Milk JAMA Pediatr. 2021. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.6098. PubMed
- Anderson LL, Doohan PT, Oldfield L, et al. Citalopram and Cannabidiol: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence of Pharmacokinetic Interactions Relevant to the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Young People. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2021. PubMed
- Nasrin S, Watson CJW, Perez-Paramo YX, Lazarus P. Cannabinoid Metabolites as Inhibitors of Major Hepatic CYP450 Enzymes, with Implications for Cannabis-Drug Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos 2021;49(12):1070-1080. PubMed
- Noori A, Miroshnychenko A, Shergill Y, et al. Opioid-sparing effects of medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and observational studies. BMJ Open 2021;11(7):e047717. PubMed
- Puri C, Rhee K, Harish VK, Slack D. Marijuana induced spontaneous pneumomediastinum. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2021;11(4):516-517. PubMed
- Rao SJ, Kirse DJ, Shetty AK. Cannabis induced thermal epiglottitis in a pediatric patient. Am J Emerg Med 2021;49:114-116. PubMed
- Sheikh B, Hirachan T, Gandhi K, Desai S, Arif R, Isakov O. Cannabis-Induced Malignant Catatonia: A Medical Emergency and Review of Prior Case Series. Cureus 2021;13(8):e17490. PubMed
- Malviya A, Khan SA, Gupta A, Mishra A. Chronic Marijuana Consumption Leading to High-Grade Atrioventricular Block in a Young Male. Cureus 2021;13(7):e16202. PubMed
- Sly M, Clark K, Karaghossian G, Narang VK, Gill M, Ragland AS. Cannabis-Induced Pancreatitis in a Young Adult Male. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2021;9:23247096211035238. PubMed
- Kiburi SK, Molebatsi K, Ntlantsana V, Lynskey MT. Cannabis use in adolescence and risk of psychosis: Are there factors that moderate this relationship? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Subst Abus 2021;42(4):527-542. PubMed
- Kasuda S, Kondo T, Terazawa I, Morimoto M, Yuui K, Kudo R. Cardiac sudden death in a young cannabis user. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2021;53:101955. PubMed
- Singh BO, Panda PK, Walia R. Recreational cannabis use causing non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy and cardioembolism in a young adult. BMJ Case Rep 2021;14(6):e243193. PubMed
- Matta A, Elenizi K, Elbaz M, Roncalli J. Left main coronary artery thrombus after cannabis consumption: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2021;5(6):ytab179. PubMed
- Onorato A, Shapiro J, Griffin L, Aldulescu M, Arva NC, Shah A. Chronic cough and weight loss in an adolescent marijuana smoker. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2022;10:2050313X221085779. PubMed
- Farouji I, Chan KH, Battah A, et al. A rare case of marijuana associated with ascending aorta thrombosis complicated with stroke and bilateral renal infarcts. Radiol Case Rep 2021;17(1):119-123. PubMed
- Banana Y, Bashir H, Boukabous S, Rezziki A, Benzirar A, El Mahi O. Cannabis arteritis: A case report and brief review of the literature. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022;76:103523. PubMed
- Busse JW, Vankrunkelsven P, Zeng L, et al. Medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic pain: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ 2021;374:n2040. PubMed
- Marchand G, Masoud AT, Govindan M, et al. Birth Outcomes of Neonates Exposed to Marijuana in Utero: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2022;5(1):e2145653. PubMed
- Ramos B, Santos Martins AF, Lima Osório ES. Psychotic cannabis withdrawal: A clinical case. Cureus 2022;14(11):e31465. PubMed
- Robinson T, Ali MU, Easterbrook B, et al. Identifying risk-thresholds for the association between frequency of cannabis use and development of cannabis use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022;238:109582. PubMed
- Fresán A, Dionisio-García DM, González-Castro TB, et al. Cannabis smoking increases the risk of suicide ideation and suicide attempt in young individuals of 11-21 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2022;153:90-98. PubMed
- Maharaj N, Swarath S, Seecheran R, Seecheran V, Seecheran NA. Suspected cannabis vaping-induced pericardial effusion. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2022;10:23247096221140251. PubMed
- Alirezaei T, Mohammadi MKA, Irilouzadian R, Zarinparsa H. Marijuana-induced myocarditis in a 24-year-old man. Arch Clin Cases 2022;9(2):69-74. PubMed
- Kothadia JP, Dash A, Verma R, Kreitman K, Snell PD, Ismail MK. Adult intussusception in chronic marijuana users. Gastroenterology Res 2022;15(5):278-283. PubMed
- Abosheaishaa H, Nassar M, Haseeb Ul Rasool M, Makhoul K, Abdelwahed M. Marijuana-induced acute hepatitis: A case report. Cureus 2022;14(10):e30273. PubMed
- Jain A, Ashiq A, Ahmed R, Rane RP, Hussain KM. A case of pneumothorax secondary to marijuana use disorder. Cureus 2022;14(7):e26634. PubMed
- Prota C, Ravera A, Caleo O, Campanile A. Marijuana-induced toxic myocarditis: a case report and a review of the literature. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2022;23(12):814-818. PubMed
- Idris I, Diez JR, Assoku BA, Beker S. Accidental ingestion of tetrahydrocannabinol-laced gummies causing bradycardia and first-degree atrioventricular block in a pediatric patient: A case report. Cureus 2022;14(7):e26826. PubMed
- Simonsen SK, Rittig NF, Poulsen PL, Svart MV. Hypokalemic paresis in a 26-year-old man after recreational cannabis use. Am J Case Rep 2022;23:e936008. PubMed
- Chabot C, Gouat F. Rare finding of acute eosinophilic pneumonia associated with heavy cannabis use: A case-report. Radiol Case Rep 2022;17(9):3040-3042. PubMed
- Gayá García-Manso I, Martínez García MÁ, Pérez Pérez JL. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia associated with marijuana smoking for chronic pain management. Med Clin (Barc) 2022;159(6):e41-e42. DOI
- Englund A, Oliver D, Chesney E, et al. Does cannabidiol make cannabis safer? A randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial of cannabis with four different CBD:THC ratios. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022. PubMed
- Hutten NRPW, Arkell TR, Vinckenbosch F, et al. Cannabis containing equivalent concentrations of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) induces less state anxiety than THC-dominant cannabis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022;239(11):3731-374 PubMed
- Bell AD, MacCallum C, Margolese S, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for cannabis and cannabinoid-based medicines in the management of chronic pain and co-occurring conditions. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2023. PubMed
- Graves JM, Dilley JA, Klein T, Liebelt E. Suspected suicidal cannabis exposures reported to US Poison Centers, 2009-2021. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(4):e239044. PubMed
- Moussa MK, Hall MAK, Akwe J. Cannabis-induced acute encephalopathy in a 94-year-old woman due to family administration of cannabidiol (CBD) products: A case report. Cureus 2023;15(4):e37927.
- Le Q, Dangol G, Bhandari A. A rare case of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage caused by fentanyl-laced marijuana. Cureus 2023;15(5):e38523. PubMed
- Mankgele M, Hlawe D, Tsabedze N. Cannabis-associated myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries in a young patient with underlying myocardial bridge. Am J Case Rep 2023;24:e938175. PubMed
- Khan MA, Khan FH, Khan HB, Brabham D. Marijuana as a cause of diffuse coronary vasospasm leading to cardiac arrest. Cureus 2023;15(4):e38026. PubMed
- Alisauskiene R, Johnsen E, Gjestad R, et al. Does drug use affect the efficacy of amisulpride, aripiprazole and olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders? Results from a pragmatic, randomised study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2023;83:185-193. PubMed
- Nana Sede Mbakop R, Kesiena O, Greene TE, Amakye D. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome in a 23-year-old woman with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus. Am J Case Rep 2023;24:e938418. PubMed
- Johnson GA, Guerra L, Oxner A. A case of panic attacks developing after 10 years of chronic cannabis use in a patient with no prior psychiatric history. Cureus 2023;15(1):e34197. PubMed
- Li J, Miller M, Abu Khalaf S, Nelson TB. Weeding out the culprit: Cannabinoid-associated Stevens-Johnson Syndrome. Cureus 2023;15(5):e39454. PubMed
- Osagie E, Mirza O. Recurrent severe burns due to cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. Cureus 2023;15(2):e34552. PubMed
- Ploucher S, Koilpillai S, Iyyani M, Carlan S. A case of near-fatal bradycardia caused by accidental cannabis intoxication. Cureus 2023;15(4):e37430. PubMed
- Gauthier T, Prakash PB, Keopple D, Vardis R. Cannabis-induced catatonia in a 15-year-old male: A case report. WMJ 2023;122(2):131-133.
- Pilitsi E, Kennamer B, Trepanowski N, et al. Cannabis arteritis presenting with Raynaud's and digital ulcerations: a case-based review of a controversial thromboangiitis obliterans-like condition. Clin Rheumatol 2023;42(7):1981-1985. PubMed
- Luke ND, Vefali B, Chow P, Miller R. Acute recreational cannabis-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis: A case report. Cureus 2023;15(4):e37312. PubMed
- Rahman A, Alqaisi S. Myopericarditis associated with marijuana intake: A case report and literature review. Cureus 2023;15(5):e39413. PubMed
- Patel M, Sathiya Narayanan R, Peela AS. A case of a patient with cannabis hyperemesis syndrome along with recurrent nephrolithiasis. Cureus 2023;15(4):e37182. PubMed
- Zamarripa CA, Spindle TR, Surujunarain R, et al. Assessment of orally administered ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol when coadministered with cannabidiol on ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy adults: A randomized clinical trial PubMed
- Phan AT, Hu J, Ghantarchyan HH, Nguyen VP, Hasan M. Marijuana-induced lung injury: A case report and a review of the literature. Cureus 2023;15(2):e34635. PubMed
- van Dam CJ, van der Schrier R, van Velzen M, et al. Inhaled Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol does not enhance oxycodone-induced respiratory depression: randomised controlled trial in healthy volunteers. Br J Anaesth 2023;130(4):485-493.
- Hjorthøj C, Compton W, Starzer M, et al. Association between cannabis use disorder and schizophrenia stronger in young males than in females. Psychol Med. 2023;1-7. PubMed
- Treyer A, Reinhardt JK, Eigenmann DE, Oufir M, Hamburger M. Phytochemical comparison of medicinal cannabis extracts and study of their CYP-mediated interactions with coumarinic oral anticoagulants. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. 2023;6(1):21-31. PubMed
- Nadeem Z, Wu C, Burke S, Parker S. Serotonin syndrome and cannabis: A case report. Australas Psychiatry. 2024;32(1):100-101. PubMed
- Arshad H, Mousa A, Oudah B, Kakhktsyan T, Abu-Abaa M, Kass R. Cannabis-Induced ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction With Possible Coronary Artery Dissection: A Case Report. Cureus. 2023;15(5):e39594. PubMed
- Licciardi M, Utzeri E, Marchetti MF, Nissardi V, Cecchetto G, Montisci M, Montisci R. Syncope and Cannabis: hypervagotonia from chronic abuse? A case report and literature review. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023;23(1):518. PubMed
- Oudah B, Al-Ameri N, Mousa A, Arshad H, Abu-Abaa M, Park S. Variant Angina and Cannabis-Induced Myocarditis: A Rare Presentation of Myocardial Inflammation. Cureus. 2023;15(6):e41196. PubMed
- Fontane Hoyos CN, Boos J, Goldminz AM. Airborne allergic contact dermatitis to medical marijuana. Contact Dermatitis. 2024;90(1):89-91. PubMed
- Alduraibi RK, Altowayan YF, AlMharwal BT. Unexpected cause of recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes: a case report. BMC Endocr Disord. 2023;23(1):137. PubMed
- Singh A, Apostolatos A, Iyer A, Bescobedo B, Middlemas M. Cannabis Use: An Uncommon Cause of Hypokalemia-Induced Acute Paralysis. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e44393. PubMed
- Moshfeghinia R, Oji B, Hosseinzadeh M, Pourfridoni M, Ahmadi J. Early onset frontotemporal dementia following cannabis abuse: a case report. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):484. PubMed
- Sharma A, Sharma V. A Case of Cannabis-Induced Catatonia and Management With Electroconvulsive Therapy. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e43478. PubMed
- Leczycki M, Zaki P, Espiridion ED. Moon Rock Cannabis-Induced Psychosis and New-Onset Seizures in a 20-Year-Old Male. Cureus. 2023;15(7):e42752. PubMed
- Ahmad Z, Mukherjee A, Garcia A, Asif H. Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum in Marijuana Users. Cureus. 2023;15(9):e45033. PubMed
- Oladunjoye AF, Li E, Aneni K, Onigu-Otite E. Cannabis use disorder, suicide attempts, and self-harm among adolescents: A national inpatient study across the United States. PLoS One. 2023;18(10):e0292922. Erratum in: PLoS One. 2023 Nov 30;18(11):e0294303. PubMed
- Chhabra M, Ben-Eltriki M, Paul A, Lê ML, Herbert A, Oberoi S, Bradford N, Bowers A, Rassekh SR, Kelly LE. Cannabinoids for symptom management in children with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer. 2023 Nov 15;129(22):3656-3670. doi: 10.10 PubMed
- Delker E, Hayes S, Kelly AE, Jones KL, Chambers C, Bandoli G. Prenatal Exposure to Cannabis and Risk of Major Structural Birth Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2023;142(2):269-283. PubMed
- Reis MG, Ferreira AJF, Sohouli MH, Taimeirão DR, Vieira RAL, Guimarães NS. Effect of cannabis and subproducts on anthropometric measures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond). 2024;48(1):44-54. PubMed
- Bansal S, Zamarripa CA, Spindle TR, et al. Evaluation of Cytochrome P450-Mediated Cannabinoid-Drug Interactions in Healthy Adult Participants. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023.
- Jeffers AM, Glantz S, Byers AL, Keyhani S. Association of Cannabis Use With Cardiovascular Outcomes Among US Adults. J Am Heart Assoc. 2024 Mar 5;13(5):e030178. PubMed
- Elnagar A, Kgomo M, Mokone M, Yousif B. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2024;17(4):e256921. PubMed
- Braun IM, Bohlke K, Abrams DI, et al. Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Adults With Cancer: ASCO Guideline. J Clin Oncol 2024;42(13):1575-1593. PubMed
- Mensah DN, Livingston J, Maddukuri V. Cannabis-Associated Pneumothorax: A Case Report. Cureus 2023;15(12):e50825. PubMed
- Crichton M, Dissanayaka T, Marx W, et al. Does medicinal cannabis affect depression, anxiety, and stress in people with cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. Maturitas 2024;184:107941. PubMed
- Tadesse AW, Dachew BA, Ayano G, Betts K, Alati R. Prenatal cannabis use and the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2024;171:142-151. PubMed
- Oliveira Gracini CL, Nascimento GG, Vidigal MTC, et al. Suicide ideation and psychotropic recreational drug use by adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sao Paulo Med J 2024;142(4):e2022641. PubMed
- Tadesse AW, Ayano G, Dachew BA, et al. The association between prenatal cannabis use and congenital birth defects in offspring: A cumulative meta-analysis. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024;102:107340. PubMed
- Lowe DJE, Sorkhou M, George TP. Cannabis use in adolescents and anxiety symptoms and disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2024;50(2):150-161. PubMed
- Dawson D, Stjepanovic D, Lorenzetti V, Cheung C, Hall W, Leung J. The prevalence of cannabis use disorders in people who use medicinal cannabis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024;257:111263. PubMed
- Shukla R, Shukla N. Cannabis-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder: Is it a paradox?. Indian J Psychiatry 2023;65(11):1200-1201. PubMed
- Hutchinson J, Sall S, Stevens L. The Effect of Cannabis Use on Depression. Cureus 2024;16(1):e51803. PubMed
- Yang G, Li F, Wang Q, Liu Y, Guo J, Yue C. Association between history of cannabis use and outcomes after total hip or knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024;12:1377688. PubMed
- Moshfeghinia R, Hosseinzadeh M, Mostafavi S, et al. Recurrent cannabis-induced catatonia: a case report and comprehensive systematic literature review. Front Psychiatry 2024;15:1332310. PubMed
- Zafrullah F, Raheela F, Ali F, et al. Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection in the Setting of Marijuana: A Case Report. Cureus 2024;16(4):e59284. PubMed
- Shehataa MS, Abdelfattah AH, Selim AN. A Case Report of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome From Cannabis and Amphetamine Use. Cureus 2023;15(12):e50003. PubMed
- Khalili MR, Hosseini S, Shirvani M. Bilateral Optic Neuropathy Associated with Acute Inhaled Marijuana Use: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Neuroophthalmology 2024;48(3):186-192. PubMed
- Kaplan EF, Link CN, Schmalzried S, Rosenblatt A, Kellams A, Holland E. Association of Cannabis with Apneic Episodes in a Breastfed Infant: A Case Study. Breastfeed Med 2024;19(6):490-493. PubMed
- Solanki NN, Thill CA, Chaker M, Messina Alvarez AA, Manasrah N, Chaudhary AJ. Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax Secondary to Marijuana and Tobacco Abuse. Cureus 2024;16(1):e52391. PubMed
- Velez Oquendo G, Balaji N, Ignatowicz A, Qutob H. Vanishing Lung Syndrome in a Young Male With Chronic Marijuana Use: A Case Report. Cureus 2023;15(12):e51223. PubMed
- Heyne S, Steininger J, Bauer A. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis to marijuana. Contact Dermatitis 2024. PubMed
- Acharya P, Mishra A, Kuikel S, et al. Severe and rapidly changing hypophosphatemia in cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: a case report. Oxf Med Case Reports 2024;2024(6):omae055. PubMed
- Moy M, Truonghuynh A, Villarreal E, Neal D. Antepartum Psychosis in the Setting of Preeclampsia With Severe Features: A Case Report. Cureus 2023;15(11):e49678. PubMed
- Park JB, Lee D, Adebagbo OD, et al. Impact of marijuana on masculinization top surgery postoperative complications: Single-surgeon single-institutional experience. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024;93:302-304. PubMed
- Zebbakh H, Imrani K, Benbrahim F, Moatassim Billah N, Nassar I. Acute toxic hippocampal encephalopathy in heavy cannabis users: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2024;19(5):1913-1916. PubMed
- Bhana M, Perner Y. Can cannabinoids contribute to cholecystitis - a case of gangrenous acalculous cholecystitis. S Afr J Surg 2024;62(2):71. DOI
- Salmerón S, Ochandiano I, Andreu H, et al. Cannabis withdrawal and manic episodes: Three cases of an unknown trigger for bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2024;26(3):296-299. PubMed
- Colling M, Souri Y, Reifsnyder T. Tetrahydrocannabinol vape-associated cannabis arteritis in a patient with minimal tobacco exposure. J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech 2024;11(1):101673. PubMed
- Bennasser A, Oudrhiri Safiani M, El Mostarchid A, Zhim M, Jiddane M, Touarsa F. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) following cannabis consumption: A rare association. Radiol Case Rep 2024;20(1):59-63. PubMed
- de Andrade Silva S, Velozo C, de Almeida Souto Montenegro L, et al. Effect of Preoperative Oral Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis Extract on Anxiety and Postoperative Pain after Endodontic Treatment: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. J Endod 2024;50(12):1 PubMed
- Ricci V, De Berardis D, Martinotti G, Maina G. New insight in psychotic cannabis withdrawal: case series and brief overview. Riv Psichiatr 2024;59(6):316-321. PubMed
- Grimison P, Mersiades A, Kirby A, et al. Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Final Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II/III Trial. J Clin Oncol 2024;42(34):4040-4050. PubMed
- Udomuksorn W, Saowaneepitak N, Dolthammasiri P, et al. Unveiling the impact of water-boiled cannabis on warfarin: A case report of atrial fibrillation patients after cannabis legalization in Thailand. Toxicol Rep 2024;13:101838. PubMed
- Munroe M, Shah Z, Setya A. Wernicke encephalopathy in a pediatric patient with cannabinoid hyperemesis: A novel case report. JPGN Rep 2024;5(3):411-413. PubMed
- Storck W, Elbaz M, Vindis C, et al. Cardiovascular risk associated with the use of cannabis and cannabinoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart. 2025:heartjnl-2024-325429. PubMed
- Dogra R, Dogra V, Badyal H, Avasthi S. Hot Dab Associated Pneumonitis - a case report. BMC Pulm Med 2024;24(1):449. PubMed
- Ei Sherif Y, Gouher S, Abualhab MM, El-Khoury J. Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome in a Recently Abstinent Chronic User: Assessment and Intervention. Consort Psychiatr 2024;5(1):27-32. PubMed
- Knight HE, Singla A, Smerina M, et al. A Rare Complication of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome. Am J Case Rep 2024;25:e945106. PubMed
- Wasik J, Likonska A, Kurowski M. IgE-Mediated Allergy and Asymptomatic Sensitization to Cannabis Allergens-Review of Current Knowledge and Presentation of Six Cases. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024;60(6):954. PubMed
- Strickler L, Baker A, DeGonza H, Alkhouri R. Intussusception in an Infant Chronically Ingesting Marijuana Via Breastfeeding. Breastfeed Med. 2025;20(6):450-452. PubMed
- Daoudi I, Mabchour A, Rasquin F, Van Bol L, Demols P. Retinal arterial macroaneurysm rupture in a 17-year-old: Could cannabis consumption be a risk factor? J Fr Ophtalmol. 2025:S0181-5512(25)00141-X. PubMed
Devil's Claw 18 references
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Shaw D, Leon C, Kolev S, Murray V. Traditional remedies and food supplements: a 5-year toxicological study (1991-1995). Drug Saf 1997;17:342-56.
- Chantre P, Cappelaere A, Leblan D, et al. Efficacy and tolerance or Harpagophytum procumbens versus diacerhein in treatment of osteoarthritis. Phytomedicine 2000;7:177-83.
- Chrubasik S, Thanner J, Kunzel O, et al. Comparison of outcome measures during treatment with the proprietary Harpagophytum extract doloteffin in patients with pain in the lower back, knee or hip. Phytomedicine 2002;9:181-94. PubMed
- Circosta C, Occhiuto F, Ragusa S, et al. A drug used in traditional medicine: Harpagophytum procumbens DC. II. Cardiovascular activity. J Ethnopharmacol 1984;11:259-74. PubMed
- Grahame R, Robinson BV. Devils's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens): pharmacological and clinical studies. Ann Rheum Dis 1981;40:632. PubMed
- Unger M, Frank A. Simultaneous determination of the inhibitory potency of herbal extracts on the activity of six major cytochrome P450 enzymes using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and automated online extraction. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2004;1 PubMed
- Wegener T, Lupke NP. Treatment of patients with arthrosis of hip or knee with an aqueous extract of devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens DC). Phytother Res 2003;17:1165-72.
- Chrubasik S, Kunzel O, Thanner J, et al. A 1-year follow-up after a pilot study with Doloteffin for low back pain. Phytomedicine 2005;12:1-9. PubMed
- Romiti N, Tramonti G, Corti A, Chieli E. Effects of Devil's Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) on the multidrug transporter ABCB1/P-glycoprotein. Phytomedicine 2009;16:1095-100. PubMed
- Chrubasik, S., Junck, H., Breitschwerdt, H., Conradt, C., and Zappe, H. Effectiveness of Harpagophytum extract WS 1531 in the treatment of exacerbation of low back pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double- blind study. Eur.J Anaesthesiol. 1999;16(2 DOI
- Laudahn, D. and Walper, A. Efficacy and tolerance of Harpagophytum extract LI 174 in patients with chronic non-radicular back pain. Phytother.Res. 2001;15(7):621-624.
- Belaiche P. Etude clinique de 630 cas d'artrose traites par le nebulisat aqueux d'Harpagophytum procumbens (Radix). Phytotherapy 1982;1:22-28.
- Chrubasik S, Model A, Black A, and et al. A randomized double-blind pilot study comparing Doloteffin® and Vioxx® in the treatment of low back pain. Rheumatology 2003;42:141-148.
- Cuspidi C, Sala C, Tadic M, et al. Systemic hypertension induced by Harpagophytum procumbens (devil's claw): a case report. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2015;17(11):908-10.
- Mahomed IM, Ojewole JAO. Oxytocin-like effect of Harpagophytum procumbens [Pedaliacae] secondary root aqueous extract on rat isolated uterus. Afr J Trad CAM 2006;3(1):82-89.
- Carvalho RR, Donadel CD, Cortez AF, Valviesse VR, Vianna PF, Correa BB. J Bras Nefrol. 2017 Mar;39(1):79-81.
- Anon. Devil's claw root: ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding. Prescrire Int 2013;22(144):296.
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC