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Dietary supplement

L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by BIOVEA

L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor is a dietary supplement by BIOVEA with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for general nutrition and energy, skin and hair health, acne (topical and oral).Based on those ingredients, 903 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Hydroxycitric Acid, Sodium, L-Carnitine. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor by BIOVEA

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor by BIOVEA — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor by BIOVEA

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 13, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This product contains 4 active ingredients. L-carnitine is an amino acid that helps cells produce energy and is used when the body doesn't make enough on its own.

Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is an extract from the garcinia plant. Pantothenic acid, also called vitamin B5, supports energy and hormone production.

Sodium is included as a mineral. The remaining ingredients are inactive excipients—water, glycerin, citric acid, sodium benzoate, and natural raspberry flavor—that create the liquid form and preserve the product.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Pantothenic acid deficiency — rated "Effective" (Pantothenic Acid) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: L-carnitine deficiency — rated "Effective" (L-carnitine) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Cystic fibrosis — rated "Likely Effective" (Sodium) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Angina — rated "Possibly Effective" (L-carnitine) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Congestive heart failure (CHF) — rated "Possibly Effective" (L-carnitine) (Natural Medicines).

L-carnitine is effective for L-carnitine deficiency and possibly effective for high cholesterol, congestive heart failure, and angina. Pantothenic acid is effective for pantothenic acid deficiency but lacks reliable evidence for allergic rhinitis, hay fever, alcoholism, and alopecia areata; it was rated possibly ineffective for radiation dermatitis.

Hydroxycitric acid (the active compound in garcinia) has insufficient evidence for athletic performance, fatty liver disease, high cholesterol, and obesity—meaning we don't have enough data to know if it works for these uses. Sodium's effectiveness data focuses on cystic fibrosis and amphotericin B toxicity; evidence for heart failure and bipolar disorder is insufficient.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Pantothenic Acid Sodium L-carnitine Garcinia

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

L-carnitine and pantothenic acid are generally well tolerated at typical doses. L-carnitine may cause stomach upset, nausea, diarrhea, heartburn, abdominal pain, and a fish-like body odor; seizures are rare.

Pantothenic acid taken orally is usually well tolerated, though diarrhea has been reported. Sodium is essential but excess intake is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain; the supplement should not be used without medical advice.

Hydroxycitric acid is generally well tolerated short-term but rare reports of liver injury, liver failure, mania, and pancreatitis warrant caution. The safety data for hydroxycitric acid advises against use during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient data.

Pantothenic acid is likely safe in pregnancy and lactation. L-carnitine is possibly safe while breastfeeding, though safety data is limited.

Sodium is likely safe in pregnancy but possibly unsafe in lactation—talk with your doctor or pharmacist about what's right for you.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Pantothenic Acid Sodium L-carnitine Garcinia

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Garcinia, L-carnitine, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 904 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you take this product, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you're on blood thinners like warfarin or acenocoumarol (moderate risk of increased bleeding), blood pressure medications (moderate risk of reduced effectiveness), corticosteroids, lithium, thyroid hormone replacements, antidepressants or other serotonergic drugs (moderate risk of serotonin syndrome), medications that harm the liver, antiplatelet drugs, or diabetes medications. Sodium content may also interact with didanosine, sodium phosphates, or tolvaptan.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may help with L-carnitine deficiency and possibly support energy and heart health, but the evidence is mixed for other uses and incomplete for some ingredients. If you take blood thinners, blood pressure medications, thyroid hormone, lithium, antidepressants, or diabetes medications, or if you have liver disease or a history of bipolar disorder, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting it.

Pregnant or breastfeeding? Check with your healthcare provider first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jan 24, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor, straight from the product label.

Brand BIOVEA
Barcode (UPC) 818423022796
Net contents 16 Fluid Ounce(s); 473 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jan 24, 2024
DSLD ID 303216
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor by BIOVEA, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
15 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
15 mL
Servings per container
31
UPC/BARCODE
818423022796
IngredientAmount% DV
Pantothenic Acid10 mg200%
Sodium2 mg--
L-Carnitine1100 mg--
Hydroxycitric Acid20 mg--

Other ingredients: Water, Purified, Glycerin, Citric Acid, Sodium Benzoate, natural Raspberry flavor

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Seals/Symbols

GMP Compliant

Formulation

VG Vegan

Gluten Free Non-GMO

Contains No: Corn, wheat, sugar, soy, dairy, fish, artificial colors or flavors added.

General Statements

Premium Quality Guaranteed Since 2001. Biovea is committed to product quality to support you and your family's wellness goals. Because we feel so strongly about the quality, potency and purity of our products, we 100% guarantee your satisfaction with every purchase.

Amino Acid

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Daily Intake: As a dietary supplement, take 1 tablespoon as appropriate and before workouts or as directed by your healthcare practitioner.

Precautions

Warning: Consult your healthcare practitioner prior to use if you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medication or have any medical conditions.

Keep out of reach of children.

Do not use this product if the safety seal on the bottle is broken.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Biovea Guaranteed premium quality

Carnipure & logo are Lonza trademarks.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formula

Carnipure Built on Quality. Backed by Science.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor by BIOVEA label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor by BIOVEA

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size15 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container31 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Pantothenic Acid

No known
interactions
10 mg per serving Form: D-Calcium Pantothenate

Pantothenic acid is vitamin B5, an essential nutrient your body uses to turn food into energy. True deficiency is very rare because it is found in nea...

Pantothenic Acid monograph & interactions

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
2 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

L-Carnitine

Interacts with
19 drugs
1100 mg per serving

L-carnitine is a compound your body makes naturally and also gets from foods like meat. It helps cells turn fat into energy, and supplements are most...

L-Carnitine monograph & interactions

Hydroxycitric Acid

Interacts with
704 drugs
20 mg per serving

Garcinia is a tropical fruit whose rind contains hydroxycitric acid (HCA), widely marketed for weight loss and appetite control. The scientific eviden...

Hydroxycitric Acid monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Water, Purified, Glycerin, Citric Acid, Sodium Benzoate, Natural Raspberry flavor. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor by BIOVEA Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
903Drugs
903 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Hydroxycitric Acid 704
Sodium 205
L-Carnitine 19

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor interact with 903 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 4 ingredients in L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Hydroxycitric Acid Sodium L-Carnitine

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Hydroxycitric Acid4 drug types · 704 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, hydroxycitric acid (HCA), the main active ingredient in garcinia, might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
HCA inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro. The inhibitory effect seems to be greater in platelets extracted from diabetic subjects than non-diabetic subjects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, hydroxycitric acid (HCA), the main active ingredient in garcinia, might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
HCA reduces fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels in animal models, theoretically by delaying glucose absorption. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
There have been reports of acute hepatitis with elevated liver enzymes associated with garcinia, when taken alone or in combination with other ingredients. Case reports collected from the Drug Induced Liver Injury Network suggest this risk may be greater in people who carry the HLA B*35:01 allele.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Theoretically, combining garcinia with other serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome.
In one report, a patient experienced serotonin syndrome after taking garcinia extract (60% hydroxycitric acid) 1000 mg daily in combination with escitalopram 20 mg, which had been taken for a year. The patient was switched to sertraline 50 mg daily and again experienced serotonin syndrome.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hydroxycitric Acid full monograph & interactions

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions

L-Carnitine3 drug types · 19 drugs

Acenocoumarol (Sintrom)

Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
L-carnitine might enhance the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, an oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin, but shorter-acting. There are at least two case reports of INR elevation with concomitant use. In one case, a 33-year-old male with a previously stable INR had an elevated INR of 4.65 after L-carnitine was started and continued for 10 weeks. INR normalized after discontinuation of the L-carnitine-containing product.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
L-carnitine appears to act as a peripheral thyroid hormone antagonist by inhibiting entry of thyroid hormone into the nucleus of cells. Taking L-carnitine also seems to diminish some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, a shorter-acting oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin. There is not enough information to know whether this interaction occurs with L-carnitine and warfarin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
L-Carnitine full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor, from the product label.

BIOVEA

See all BIOVEA products
Name
BIOVEA
Street Address
9160 E. Bahia Dr.
City
Scottsdale
State
AZ
ZipCode
85260
Web Address
www.biovea.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor by BIOVEA: Common Questions

Does L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor by BIOVEA interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor has a known interaction with 903 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this have L-carnitine, and what's it for?
Yes—1100 mg per serving. L-carnitine is an amino acid that helps your cells make energy. It's effective for true L-carnitine deficiency and possibly helpful for high cholesterol, heart failure, and chest pain (angina).
What about the sodium in it?
Sodium is included as an ingredient. While sodium is essential, too much can raise blood pressure and strain your heart. The supplement advises against high-dose sodium without medical guidance; check with your doctor whether the amount in this product is right for you.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Pantothenic acid is likely safe in both pregnancy and lactation, and L-carnitine is possibly safe while breastfeeding. However, hydroxycitric acid has not been studied enough—the safety data advises against it during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice, especially if you're pregnant.
What side effects might I experience?
L-carnitine may cause stomach upset, nausea, diarrhea, heartburn, or abdominal cramps, and a fishy body odor has been reported. Hydroxycitric acid can cause diarrhea, nausea, headache, and gastrointestinal discomfort. Rare but serious side effects (liver injury, pancreatitis, mania) have been reported with hydroxycitric acid.
Will this help me lose weight or improve my cholesterol?
L-carnitine is possibly effective for high cholesterol. Hydroxycitric acid has insufficient evidence for obesity and high cholesterol—we don't have enough data to say whether it works for weight loss.
What is pantothenic acid doing in here?
Pantothenic acid, also called vitamin B5, supports energy production and hormone health. It's effective for pantothenic acid deficiency but lacks reliable evidence for other conditions listed on the label.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Pantothenic Acid

Pantothenic acid is vitamin B5, an essential nutrient your body uses to turn food into energy. True deficiency is very rare because it is found in nearly all foods, and most people meet thei...

Read the full Pantothenic Acid monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

L-carnitine

Interacts with 19 drugs

L-carnitine is a compound your body makes naturally and also gets from foods like meat. It helps cells turn fat into energy, and supplements are most clearly useful for people with a true ca...

Read the full L-carnitine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Garcinia

Interacts with 704 drugs

Garcinia is a tropical fruit whose rind contains hydroxycitric acid (HCA), widely marketed for weight loss and appetite control. The scientific evidence is weak and mixed, with most studies...

Read the full Garcinia monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

L-Carnitine 1100 mg Raspberry Flavor's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 134 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Pantothenic Acid 11 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. Dietary reference intakes: The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:699-706. PubMed
  3. Debourdeau PM, Djezzar S, Estival JL, et al. Life-threatening eosinophilic pleuropericardial effusion related to vitamins B5 and H. Ann Pharmacother 2001;35:424-6. DOI
  4. Schmuth, M., Wimmer, M. A., Hofer, S., Sztankay, A., Weinlich, G., Linder, D. M., Elias, P. M., Fritsch, P. O., and Fritsch, E. Topical corticosteroid therapy for acute radiation dermatitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Br.J.Dermatol. 2 PubMed
  5. Schreck, U., Paulsen, F., Bamberg, M., and Budach, W. Intraindividual comparison of two different skin care conceptions in patients undergoing radiotherapy of the head-and-neck region. Creme or powder? Strahlenther.Onkol. 2002;178(6):321-329. PubMed
  6. Herbst, R. A., Uter, W., Pirker, C., Geier, J., and Frosch, P. J. Allergic and non-allergic periorbital dermatitis: patch test results of the Information Network of the Departments of Dermatology during a 5-year period. Contact Dermatitis 2004;51(1):13-1 PubMed
  7. Champault, G. and Patel, J. C. [Treatment of constipation with Bepanthene]. Med.Chir Dig. 1977;6(1):57-59.
  8. Scott LN, Fiume M, Bergfeld WF, et al. Safety Assessment of Panthenol, Pantothenic Acid, and Derivatives as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2022;41(3_suppl):77-128. PubMed
  9. Han J, Warshaw EM. Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Panthenol in "Hypoallergenic" Products. Dermatitis 2023;34(1):62-63. PubMed
  10. Blanchard G, Kerre S, Walker A, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis from pantolactone and dexpanthenol in wound healing creams. Contact Dermatitis 2022;87(5):468-471. PubMed
  11. Peltier E, Trapp S, de Salvo R, et al. A new dexpanthenol-containing liquid cleanser for atopic-prone skin: Results from two prospective clinical studies evaluating cutaneous tolerability, moisturization potential, and effects on barrier function. J Cosme PubMed

See these in context on the Pantothenic Acid monograph →

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
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