Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 5 of 7 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Max Test Testosterone Booster Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by DNA Anabolics

Max Test Testosterone Booster label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Max Test Testosterone Booster against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Max Test Testosterone Booster is a dietary supplement by DNA Anabolics with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for exercise performance and endurance, heart health, energy support.Based on those ingredients, 1,077 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Dehydroepiandrosterone, Vitamin D, Mucuna pruriens. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Max Test Testosterone Booster by DNA Anabolics

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Max Test Testosterone Booster by DNA Anabolics — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.
Computed from our clinical databases

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Max Test Testosterone Booster by DNA Anabolics

Four independent checks of what is known — a summary of the available information, not a grade of the product itself.

Evidence for Intended Use
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not assessable

The stated purpose hasn't been mapped to our evidence data yet.

Why this rating?
  • We haven't mapped this product's purpose to our evidence data yet — it'll be graded on the next content refresh.
Ingredient Transparency
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 7 active ingredients.
  • “Max Test Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (665 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
Known Interaction Concern
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Dhea, Vitamin D, Cowhage, Taurine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; lithium; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 1,078 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.
Safety Information
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

HelloPharmacist summaryFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no assessable stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Assessment coverage: 5 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jan 25, 2017.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Max Test Testosterone Booster, straight from the product label.

Brand DNA Anabolics
Barcode (UPC) 783583188739
Net contents 90 Capsule(s)
Market status Off market
Date entered into DSLD Jan 25, 2017
DSLD ID 69730
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Max Test Testosterone Booster by DNA Anabolics, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
90
UPC/BARCODE
783583188739
IngredientAmount% DV
Taurine0 NP--
Vitamin D0 NP--
Dehydroepiandrosterone0 NP--
Mucuna pruriens0 NP--
Icariin0 NP--
Max Test Blend665 mg--
N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid0 NP--
Chlorophytum borivilianum0 NP--

Other ingredients: Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: As a dietary supplement, take 1 capsule 1-3 times daily with food. Due to extreme potency of Max Test, do not use for longer than 8 weeks without a 4 week off period. Do not exceed 4 capsules in a 24 hour period.

Precautions

Due to extreme potency of Max Test, do not use for longer than 8 weeks without a 4 week off period. Do not exceed 4 capsules in a 24 hour period.

Warning: Consult with a licensed physician before using this product. Do not take this product if you have prostate hypertrophy, liver disease, kidney or heart disease.

This product should not be taken by women who are pregnant, lactating or trying to become pregnant.

Do not take this product if you have been diagnosed with high cholesterol, prostate cancer, testicular cancer or breast cancer or are under the age of 21.

Keep this product and all other supplements out of reach of children.

General Statements

Must be 21 years of age to purchase this product.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Max Test Testosterone Booster by DNA Anabolics label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Max Test Testosterone Booster label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Max Test Testosterone Booster by DNA Anabolics

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container90 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Max Test Blend

665 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Max Test Testosterone Booster by DNA Anabolics Drug Interactions

Max Test Testosterone Booster contains 7 ingredients, and 4 of them have known drug interactions. Altogether they interact with 1,077 medications. Here’s the picture, then you can look up your own drug.

Want to check YOUR meds against Max Test Testosterone Booster?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,077Drugs
17 Major 1,052 Moderate 8 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Dehydroepiandrosterone 776
Vitamin D 715
Mucuna pruriens 193
Taurine 173

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Max Test Testosterone Booster interact with 1,077 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 7 ingredients in Max Test Testosterone Booster interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Dehydroepiandrosterone Vitamin D Mucuna pruriens Taurine

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Max Test Testosterone Booster with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Dehydroepiandrosterone10 drug types · 776 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, DHEA might increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Human and laboratory research show that DHEA and DHEA-S can inhibit platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidepressant Drugs

Theoretically, DHEA might increase the risk of psychiatric adverse events when used with antidepressants.
In a human case report, the use of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) with DHEA caused a manic episode. Concern for this interaction may be greater in younger individuals with higher baseline DHEA levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Aromatase Inhibitors

Theoretically, DHEA might interfere with the clinical effects of aromatase inhibitors.
DHEA is a potent estrogen agonist, which may antagonize the anti-estrogen activity of aromatase inhibitors.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, DHEA might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Some preliminary evidence shows that DHEA may inhibit CYP3A4; however, the clinical significance of this potential interaction is not known.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Fulvestrant (Faslodex)

Theoretically, DHEA might interfere with the anti-estrogen effects of fulvestrant.
DHEA is a potent estrogen agonist. Some research shows that it can overcome the estrogen receptor antagonist action of fulvestrant in estrogen-receptor positive cancer cells.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

Theoretically, DHEA might interfere with the anti-estrogen effects of tamoxifen.
DHEA is a potent estrogen agonist. Some research shows that it can overcome the estrogen receptor antagonist activity of tamoxifen in estrogen-receptor positive cancer cells.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Triazolam (Halcion)

DHEA can increase blood levels of triazolam.
Administration of DHEA 200 mg daily for two weeks was shown to inhibit the cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) metabolism of triazolam. This inhibition appears to be due to DHEA-S, rather than DHEA.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Tuberculosis Vaccine

DHEA might reduce the effectiveness of the tuberculosis vaccine.
Animal research shows that high doses of DHEA can reduce the efficacy of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) tuberculosis vaccine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, DHEA might increase the effects and adverse effects of estrogen therapy.
DHEA is a precursor to estrogen and androgen and is metabolized into those substances. In clinical research, DHEA supplements increase the levels of these hormones. Also, in clinical research, estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives and conjugated estrogens reduce blood levels of DHEA and DHEA-S. The clinical significance of these findings is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Testosterone

Theoretically, DHEA might increase the effects and side effects of testosterone therapy.
DHEA is a precursor to estrogen and androgen and is metabolized into those substances. In clinical research, DHEA supplements increase the levels of these hormones. The clinical significance of these findings is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Dehydroepiandrosterone full monograph & interactions

Vitamin D8 drug types · 715 drugs

Aluminum

Vitamin D might increase aluminum absorption and toxicity, but this has only been reported in people with renal failure.
The protein that transports calcium across the intestinal wall can also bind and transport aluminum. This protein is stimulated by vitamin D, which may therefore increase aluminum absorption. This mechanism may contribute to increased aluminum levels and toxicity in people with renal failure, when they take vitamin D and aluminum-containing phosphate binders chronically.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Vitamin D might reduce absorption of atorvastatin.
A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%. However, while atorvastatin levels decreased, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels did not substantially change. Atorvastatin is metabolized in the gut by CYP3A4 enzymes, and researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, causing reduced levels of atorvastatin. However, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Calcipotriene (Dovonex)

Taking calcipotriene with vitamin D increases the risk for hypercalcemia.
Calcipotriene is a vitamin D analog used topically for psoriasis. It can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to cause systemic effects, including hypercalcemia. Theoretically, combining calcipotriene with vitamin D supplements might increase the risk of hypercalcemia.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of arrhythmia from digoxin.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia increases the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias with digoxin. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and digoxin concurrently.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Others)

Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of diltiazem for arrhythmia.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically this could also occur with diltiazem. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and diltiazem concurrently.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Thiazide Diuretics

Theoretically, taking thiazide diuretics and high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of hypercalcemia.
Thiazide diuretics decrease urinary calcium excretion, which could lead to hypercalcemia if vitamin D supplements are taken concurrently. This has been reported in people being treated with vitamin D for hypoparathyroidism, and also in elderly people with normal parathyroid function who were taking a thiazide, vitamin D, and calcium-containing antacids daily.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Verapamil (Calan, Others)

Hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of verapamil for arrhythmia.
Hypercalcemia due to high doses of vitamin D can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and verapamil concurrently.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
There is some concern that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4. In vitro research suggests that vitamin D induces CYP3A4 transcription. Additionally, observational research has found that increased UV light exposure and serum vitamin D levels are associated with decreased serum levels of CYP3A4 substrates such as tacrolimus and sirolimus, while no association between UV light exposure or vitamin D levels and levels of mycophenolic acid, a non-CYP3A4 substrate, was found. A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of the CYP3A4 substrate atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%; however, the clinical effects of atorvastatin were not reduced. While researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Vitamin D full monograph & interactions

Mucuna pruriens8 drug types · 193 drugs

Levodopa

Concomitant use can increase the risk of levodopa-related adverse effects.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Some cowhage products have been standardized to contain 75-400 mg of levodopa per dose.

Likelihood Likely Evidence D
Methyldopa (Aldomet)

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and methyldopa might increase the risk of hypotension.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa with methyldopa might cause additive hypotension. In addition, methyldopa may inhibit peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa and increase levodopa levels in the central nervous system; avoid using.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and non-selective MAOIs might increase the risk of hypertensive crisis.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa with non-selective MAOIs might cause hypertensive crisis. However, this interaction has not been reported with MAO-B selective inhibitors such as selegiline.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anesthesia

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and anesthesia might increase the risk of arrhythmias.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa with cyclopropane or halogenated hydrocarbon anesthesia has led to arrhythmias. Other anesthetics have not been implicated. Use other anesthetics in patients taking cowhage or tell patients to stop taking cowhage at least 2 weeks before surgery.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research shows that cowhage might have hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antipsychotic Drugs

Theoretically, use of cowhage might decrease the clinical effects of antipsychotic drugs.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa might counteract the antidopaminergic effects of antipsychotic medications.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Guanethidine (Ismelin)

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and guanethidine might increase the risk of hypotension.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa with guanethidine might cause additive hypotension; avoid using.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Tricyclic Antidepressants (Tcas)

Theoretically, use of TCAs might reduce the levels and clinical effects of cowhage.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of TCAs might reduce the absorption of levodopa. Some case reports describe patients that developed hypertension and dyskinesia when taking both levodopa and TCAs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Mucuna pruriens full monograph & interactions

Taurine2 drug types · 173 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Some clinical evidence suggests that taurine can reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, taurine might reduce excretion and increase plasma levels of lithium.
Taurine is thought to have diuretic properties, which might reduce the excretion of lithium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Taurine full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Max Test Testosterone Booster, from the product label.

DNA Anabolics

See all DNA Anabolics products
Name
DNA Anabolics
City
Dallas
State
Texas
ZipCode
75219
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Max Test Testosterone Booster by DNA Anabolics: Common Questions

Does Max Test Testosterone Booster by DNA Anabolics interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Max Test Testosterone Booster has a known interaction with 1,077 medications, including 17 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Max Test Testosterone Booster contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Max Test Testosterone Booster is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Max Test Testosterone Booster label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Max Test Testosterone Booster’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Taurine

Interacts with 173 drugs

Taurine is an amino acid your body makes naturally and that you also get from animal foods. It is widely used in energy drinks and sports supplements, and short-term use appears generally sa...

Read the full Taurine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin D

Interacts with 715 drugs

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function. Many people, especially those with low sun exposure,...

Read the full Vitamin D monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Dhea

Interacts with 776 drugs

DHEA is a natural hormone that the body makes and that declines with age, and it is sold as a supplement claiming many benefits. The evidence is mixed and limited for most uses, and because...

Read the full Dhea monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Cowhage

Interacts with 193 drugs

Cowhage (Mucuna pruriens) is a tropical legume best known as a natural source of L-dopa, the compound the body turns into dopamine. It is most studied for Parkinson's disease symptoms and ma...

Read the full Cowhage monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Safed Musli

Safed Musli is an Ayurvedic herb traditionally used as a tonic and aphrodisiac, especially for male sexual health and energy. Human evidence is limited and mostly preliminary, so its benefit...

Read the full Safed Musli monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Max Test Testosterone Booster's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 158 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Taurine 21 references
  1. Ahmad S, Robertson HT, Golper TA, et al. Multicenter trial of L-carnitine in maintenance hemodialysis patients. II. Clinical and biochemical effects. Kidney Int 1990;38:912-8. PubMed
  2. Machado-Vieira R, Viale CI, Kapczinski F. Mania associated with an energy drink: the possible role of caffeine, taurine, and inositol. Can J Psychiatry 2001;46:454-5. PubMed
  3. Obermann M, Schorn CF, Mummel P, et al. Taurine induced toxic encephalopathy? Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2006;108:812-3. PubMed
  4. Bichler, A., Swenson, A., and Harris, M. A. A combination of caffeine and taurine has no effect on short term memory but induces changes in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure. Amino Acids 2006;31(4):471-476. PubMed
  5. Iyadurai, S. J. and Chung, S. S. New-onset seizures in adults: possible association with consumption of popular energy drinks. Epilepsy Behav 2007;10(3):504-508. PubMed
  6. Berger, A. J. and Alford, K. Cardiac arrest in a young man following excess consumption of caffeinated "energy drinks". Med J Aust. 1-5-2009;190(1):41-43. PubMed
  7. Worthley, M. I., Prabhu, A., De, Sciscio P., Schultz, C., Sanders, P., and Willoughby, S. R. Detrimental effects of energy drink consumption on platelet and endothelial function. Am J Med 2010;123(2):184-187. PubMed
  8. Morchon, Simon D. and Perez Castrillon, J. L. [Hypoglycemia by intake of taurine]. Rev.Clin Esp. 2010;210(1):49.
  9. Livshits, Z., Hoffman, R. S., Hymes, K. B., and Nelson, L. S. If vitamins could kill: massive hemolysis following naturopathic vitamin infusion. J Med Toxicol. 2011;7(3):224-226. PubMed
  10. Schoffl, I., Kothmann, J. F., Schoffl, V., Rupprecht, H. D., and Rupprecht, T. "Vodka energy": too much for the adolescent nephron? Pediatrics 2011;128(1):e227-e231. PubMed
  11. Calabro, R. S., Italiano, D., Gervasi, G., and Bramanti, P. Single tonic-clonic seizure after energy drink abuse. Epilepsy Behav 2012;23(3):384-385. PubMed
  12. Fujita, T., Ando, K., Noda, H., Ito, Y., and Sato, Y. Effects of increased adrenomedullary activity and taurine in young patients with borderline hypertension. Circulation 1987;75(3):525-532. PubMed
  13. Darling, P. B., Lepage, G., Leroy, C., Masson, P., and Roy, C. C. Effect of taurine supplements on fat absorption in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Res 1985;19(6):578-582. PubMed
  14. Fukuyama, Y. and Ochiai, Y. Therapeutic trial by taurine for intractable childhood epilepsies. Brain Dev. 1982;4(1):63-69. PubMed
  15. Franconi, F., Bennardini, F., Mattana, A., Miceli, M., Ciuti, M., Mian, M., Gironi, A., Anichini, R., and Seghieri, G. Plasma and platelet taurine are reduced in subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects of taurine supplementation. Am.J. DOI
  16. Stohs SJ, Miller M. A case study involving allergic reactions to sulfur-containing compounds including, sulfite, taurine, acesulfame potassium and sulfonamides. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014 Jan;63:240-3. PubMed
  17. Sun Q, Wang B, Li Y, Sun F, et al. Taurine supplementation lowers blood pressure and improves vascular function in prehypertension: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Hypertension 2016 Mar;67(3):541-9. PubMed
  18. Jang ES, Hwang SH, Kim JW, Jeong SH. Effectiveness of 4-week oral taurine treatment for muscle cramps in patients with liver cirrhosis: a single-arm pilot study. Yonsei Med J 2021;62(1):21-8. PubMed
  19. Guan L, Miao P. The effects of taurine supplementation on obesity, blood pressure and lipid profile: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Pharmacol 2020;885:173533. PubMed
  20. Higgins JP, Liras GN, Liras IN, et al. Energy Drink Effects on Hemodynamics and Endothelial Function in Young Adults. Cardiology. 2021;146(2):258-262. PubMed
  21. Pallangyo P, Bhalia SV, Komba M, et al. Acute Myocardial Infarction Following the Consumption of Energy Drink in a 28-Year-Old Male: A Case Report. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2023 Jan-Dec;11:23247096231168811. PubMed

See these in context on the Taurine monograph →

Vitamin D 26 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Tatro DS, ed. Drug Interactions Facts. Facts and Comparisons Inc., St. Louis, MO. 1999.
  3. Koutkia P, Chen TC, Holick MF. Vitamin D intoxication associated with an over-the-counter supplement. N Engl J Med 2001;345:66-7. PubMed
  4. Bar-Or D, Yoel G. Calcium and calciferol antagonize effect of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Br Med J 1981;282:1585-6.
  5. Demontis R, Leflon A, Fournier A, et al. 1 alpha(OH) vitamin D3 increases plasma aluminum in hemodialyzed patients taking AI(OH)3. Clin Nephrol 1986;26:146-9.
  6. Crowe M, Wollner L, Griffiths RA. Hypercalcemia following vitamin D and thiazide therapy in the elderly. Practitioner 1984;228:312-3.
  7. Parfitt AM. Thiazide-induced hypercalcemia in vitamin D-treated hypoparathyroidism. Ann Intern Med 1972;77:557-63. PubMed
  8. Thiazide diuretics and the risk of osteoporosis. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter 2003;19(11):191105.
  9. Moon J. The role of vitamin D in toxic metal absorption. J Am Coll Nutr 1994;13:559-64.
  10. Demontis R, Reissi D, Noel C, et al. Indirect clinical evidence that 1alphaOH vitamin D<SUB>3</SUB> increases the intestinal absorption of aluminum. Clin Nephrol 1989;31:123-7.
  11. Adler AJ, Berlyne GM. Duodenal aluminum absorption in the rat: effect of vitamin D. Am J Physiol 1985;249:G209-13. PubMed
  12. Schwartz JB. Effects of vitamin D supplementation in atorvastatin-treated patients: A new drug interaction with an unexpected consequence. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009;85:198-203. PubMed
  13. Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Institute of Medicine, November 30, 2010. Available at: http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2010/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-for-Calcium-and-Vitamin-D/Vitamin%20D%20and%20Calcium%202010%20Repo
  14. Cox KA, Dunn MA. Aluminum toxicity alters the regulation of calbindin-D28k protein and mRNA expression in chick intestine. J Nutr 2001;131:2007-13. PubMed
  15. Escribano, J., Balaguer, A., Pagone, F., Feliu, A., and Roque, I. Figuls. Pharmacological interventions for preventing complications in idiopathic hypercalciuria. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2009;(1):CD004754. PubMed
  16. Carlton, S., Clopton, D., and Cappuzzo, K. A. Vitamin D deficiency: appropriate replenishment therapies and the effects of vitamin D toxicity. Consult Pharm 2010;25(3):171-177. PubMed
  17. Wang, H., Xia, N., Yang, Y., and Peng, D. Q. Influence of vitamin D supplementation on plasma lipid profiles: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lipids Health Dis. 2012;11:42. PubMed
  18. Turner AN, Carr Reese P, Fields KS, Anderson J, Ervin M, Davis JA, Fichorova RN, Roberts MW, Klebanoff MA, Jackson RD. A blinded, randomized controlled trial of high-dose vitamin D supplementation to reduce recurrence of bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet G PubMed
  19. Weiner M, Epstein FH. Signs and symptoms of electrolyte disorders. Yale J Biol Med. 1970;43(2):76-109.
  20. Lappe J, Watson P, Travers-Gustafson D, Recker R, Garland C, Gorham E, Baggerly K, McDonnell SL. Effect of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Cancer Incidence in Older Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017 Mar 28;317(12):1234-1243. PubMed
  21. Roth DE, Leung M, Mesfin E, Qamar H, Watterworth J, Papp E. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: state of the evidence from a systematic review of randomised trials. BMJ. 2017;359:j5237. PubMed
  22. Murai IH, Fernandes AL, Sales LP, et al. Effect of a single high dose of vitamin D3 on hospital length of stay in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021.
  23. Wang Z, Schuetz EG, Xu Y, Thummel KE. Interplay between vitamin D and the drug metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013;136:54-8. PubMed
  24. Doyle D, Browne U, Brickley A, Murphy D. Vitamin D-induced hypercalcaemia and acute kidney injury in sarcoidosis. BMJ Case Rep 2023;16(1):e250580. PubMed
  25. Williamson A, Martineau AR, Sheikh A, Jolliffe D, Griffiths CJ. Vitamin D for the management of asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023;2(2):CD011511. PubMed
  26. Kinesya E, Santoso D, Gde Arya N, et al. Vitamin D as adjuvant therapy for diabetic foot ulcers: Systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023;54:137-143. PubMed

See these in context on the Vitamin D monograph →

Dhea 98 references
  1. Frye RF, Kroboth PD, Folan MM, et al. Effect of DHEA on CYP3A-mediated metabolism of triazolam. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000;67:109 (abstract PI-82).
  2. Kuritzky L. DHEA: Science or wishful thinking? Hosp Pract 1998;33:85-6. PubMed
  3. Van Vollenhoven RF, Morabito LM, Engleman EG, et al. Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with dehydroepiandrosterone: 50 patients treated up to 12 months. J Rheumatol 1998;25:285-9.
  4. Van Vollenhoven RF, Engleman EG, McGurie JL. Dehydroepiandrosterone in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arth Rheum 1995;38:1826-31. DOI
  5. Ebeling P, Koivisto VA. Physiological importance of dehydroepiandrosterone. Lancet 1994;343:1479-81. PubMed
  6. Yen SS, Morales AJ, Khorram O. Replacement of DHEA in aging men and women. Potential remedial effects. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995;774:128-42. PubMed
  7. Labrie F, Diamond P, Cusan L, et al. Effect of 12 month dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy on bone, vagina, and endometrium in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:3498-505. PubMed
  8. Casson PR, Faquin LC, Stentz FB. Replacement of dehydroepiandrosterone enhances T-lymphocyte insulin binding in postmenopausal women. (abstract) Fertil Steril 1995;63:1027-31. DOI
  9. Morales AJ, Haubrich RH, Hwang JY, et al. The effect of six months treatment with a 100 mg daily dose of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on circulating sex steroids, body composition and muscle strength in age-advanced men and women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)1 PubMed
  10. Arlt W, Justl H, Callies F, et al. Oral dehydroepiandrosterone for adrenal androgen replacement: pharmacokinetics and peripheral conversion to androgens and estrogens in young healthy females after dexamethasone suppression. [Abstract] J Clin Endocrinol PubMed
  11. Kline MD, Jaggers ED. Mania onset while using dehydroepiandrosterone (letter). Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:971. PubMed
  12. Callies F, Arlt W, Siekmann L, et al. Influence of oral dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on urinary steroid metabolites in males and females. Steroids 2000;65:98-102. PubMed
  13. Markowitz JS, Carson WH, Jackson CW. Possible dihydroepiandrosterone-induced mania. Biol Psychiatry 1999;45:241-2. PubMed
  14. Stoll BA. Dietary supplements of dehydroepiandrosterone in relation to breast cancer risk. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53:771-5. PubMed
  15. Dean CE. Prasterone (DHEA) and mania. Ann Pharmacother 2000;34:1419-22. PubMed
  16. Himmel PB, Seligman TM. A Pilot Study Employing Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. [Abstract]. J Clin Rheumatol 1999:5:56-9. PubMed
  17. Hunt PJ, Gurnell EM, Huppert FA, et al. Improvement in mood and fatigue after dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in Addison's disease in a randomized, double blind trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4650-6.. PubMed
  18. Johannsson G, Burman P, Wiren L, et al. Low dose dehydroepiandrosterone affects behavior in hypopituitary androgen-deficient women: a placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:2046-52. PubMed
  19. Calhoun KE, Pommier RF, Muller P, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate causes proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells despite treatment with fulvestrant. Arch Surg 2003;138:879-83.. PubMed
  20. Morris KT, Toth-Fejel S, Schmidt J, et al. High dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate predicts breast cancer progression during new aromatase inhibitor therapy and stimulates breast cancer cell growth in tissue culture: a renewed role for adrenalectomy. Surgery PubMed
  21. Calhoun K, Pommier R, Cheek J, et al. The effect of high dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels on tamoxifen blockade and breast cancer progression. Am J Surg 2003;185:411-5.. PubMed
  22. Stomati M, Monteleone P, Casarosa E, et al. Six-month oral dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation in early and late postmenopause. Gynecol Endocrinol 2000;14:342-63.. PubMed
  23. Petri MA, Mease PJ, Merrill JT, et al. Effects of prasterone on disease activity and symptoms in women with active systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:2858-68. PubMed
  24. Villareal DT, Holloszy JO, Kohrt WM. Effects of DHEA replacement on bone mineral density and body composition in elderly women and men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000;53:561-8. PubMed
  25. Acacio BD, Stanczyk FZ, Mullin P, et al. Pharmacokinetics of dehydroepiandrosterone and its metabolites after long-term daily oral administration to healthy young men. Fertil Steril 2004;81:595-604. PubMed
  26. Petri MA, Lahita RG, Van Vollenhoven RF, et al. Effects of prasterone on corticosteroid requirements of women with systemic lupus erythematosus: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:1820-9. PubMed
  27. Pino JA, Marbot R. Volatile flavor constituents of acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) fruit. J Agric Food Chem 2001;49:5880-2.
  28. Nair KS, Rizza RA, O'Brien P, et al. DHEA in elderly women and DHEA or testosterone in elderly men. N Engl J Med 2006;355:1647-59. PubMed
  29. Alkatib AA, Cosma M, Elamin MB, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials of DHEA treatment effects on quality of life in women with adrenal insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94:3676-81. PubMed
  30. Jesse, R. L., Loesser, K., Eich, D. M., Qian, Y. Z., Hess, M. L., Nestler, J. E. Dehydroepiandrosterone inhibits human platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Ann N.Y.Acad Sci 1995;774:281-90.
  31. Bertoni, A., Rastoldo, A., Sarasso, C., Di Vito C., Sampietro, S., Nalin, M., Bagarotti, A., Sinigaglia, F. Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Steroids 2012;77(3):260-8. PubMed
  32. Cui, Y., Choi, I. S., Koh, Y. A., Lin, X. H., Cho, Y. B., Won, Y. H. Effects of combined BCG and DHEA treatment in preventing the development of asthma. Immunol Invest 2008;37(3):191-202. PubMed
  33. Aisaka, K., Mori, H., Ogawa, T., Kigawa, T. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEA-S) administration on puerperal lactation and maternal prolactin and estradiol levels. Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi 1984;36(10):1935-42.
  34. Lauritzen, C. [Therapeutic attempts with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in threatened pregnancies]. Arch Gynakol 1971;211(1):247-9.
  35. Mortola, J. F. Yen, S. S. The effects of oral dehydroepiandrosterone on endocrine-metabolic parameters in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;71(3):696-704. PubMed
  36. Rabijewski, M., Zgliczynski, W. [Positive effects of DHEA therapy on insulin resistance and lipids in men with angiographically verified coronary heart disease--preliminary study]. Endokrynol Pol 2005;56(6):904-10.
  37. Weiss, E. P., Shah, K., Fontana, L., Lambert, C. P., Holloszy, J. O., Villareal, D. T. Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy in older adults: 1- and 2-y effects on bone. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89(5):1459-67. PubMed
  38. Jankowski, C. M., Gozansky, W. S., Kittelson, J. M., Van Pelt, R. E., Schwartz, R. S., Kohrt, W. M. Increases in bone mineral density in response to oral dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in older adults appear to be mediated by serum estrogens. J Clin E PubMed
  39. Poretsky, L., Song, L., Brillon, D. J., Ferrando, S., Chiu, J., McElhiney, M., Ferenczi, A., Sison, C., Haller, I., Rabkin, J. Metabolic and hormonal effects of oral DHEA in premenopausal women with HIV infection: a randomized, prospective, placebo-contro
  40. Libe, R., Barbetta, L., Dall'Asta, C., Salvaggio, F., Gala, C., Beck-Peccoz, P., Ambrosi, B. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation on hormonal, metabolic and behavioral status in patients with hypoadrenalism. J Endocrinol Invest 2004;27 PubMed
  41. Genazzani, A. R., Inglese, S., Lombardi, I., Pieri, M., Bernardi, F., Genazzani, A. D., Rovati, L., Luisi, M. Long-term low-dose dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy in aging males with partial androgen deficiency. Aging Male 2004;7(2):133-43. PubMed
  42. von Muhlen D., Laughlin, G. A., Kritz-Silverstein, D., Bergstrom, J., Bettencourt, R. Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation on bone mineral density, bone markers, and body composition in older adults: the DAWN trial. Osteoporos Int 2008;19(5):
  43. Kritz-Silverstein, D., von, Muhlen D., Laughlin, G. A., Bettencourt, R. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation on cognitive function and quality of life: the DHEA and Well-Ness (DAWN) Trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008;56(7):1292-8. PubMed
  44. Penisson-Besnier, I., Devillers, M., Porcher, R., Orlikowski, D., Doppler, V., Desnuelle, C., Ferrer, X., Bes, M. C., Bouhour, F., Tranchant, C., Lagrange, E., Vershueren, A., Uzenot, D., Cintas, P., Sole, G., Hogrel, J. Y., Laforet, P., Vial, C., Vila, A
  45. Casson, P. R., Santoro, N., Elkind-Hirsch, K., Carson, S. A., Hornsby, P. J., Abraham, G., Buster, J. E. Postmenopausal dehydroepiandrosterone administration increases free insulin-like growth factor-I and decreases high-density lipoprotein: a six-month t
  46. Araneo, B. Daynes, R. Dehydroepiandrosterone functions as more than an antiglucocorticoid in preserving immunocompetence after thermal injury. Endocrinology 1995;136(2):393-401. PubMed
  47. Nordmark, G., Bengtsson, C., Larsson, A., Karlsson, F. A., Sturfelt, G., Ronnblom, L. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone supplement on health-related quality of life in glucocorticoid treated female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmunity PubMed
  48. Srinivasan, M., Irving, B. A., Frye, R. L., O'Brien, P., Hartman, S. J., McConnell, J. P., Nair, K. S. Effects on lipoprotein particles of long-term dehydroepiandrosterone in elderly men and women and testosterone in elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2 PubMed
  49. Srinivasan, M., Irving, B. A., Dhatariya, K., Klaus, K. A., Hartman, S. J., McConnell, J. P., Nair, K. S. Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement on lipoprotein profile in hypoadrenal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94(3):761-4. PubMed
  50. Jankowski, C. M., Gozansky, W. S., Van Pelt, R. E., Wolfe, P., Schwartz, R. S., Kohrt, W. M. Oral dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in older adults: effects on central adiposity, glucose metabolism and blood lipids. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011;75(4):456-6 PubMed
  51. McHenry, C. M., Bell, P. M., Hunter, S. J., Thompson, C. J., Courtney, C. H., Ennis, C. N., Sheridan, B., McCance, D. R., Mullan, K. R., Atkinson, A. B. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) replacement on insulin action and quality of life i
  52. Jankowski, C. M., Gozansky, W. S., Schwartz, R. S., Dahl, D. J., Kittelson, J. M., Scott, S. M., Van Pelt, R. E., Kohrt, W. M. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in older adults: a randomized, controlled trial. J PubMed
  53. Forsblad-d'Elia, H., Carlsten, H., Labrie, F., Konttinen, Y. T., Ohlsson, C. Low serum levels of sex steroids are associated with disease characteristics in primary Sjogren's syndrome; supplementation with dehydroepiandrosterone restores the concentration
  54. Finckh, A., Berner, I. C., Aubry-Rozier, B., So, A. K. A randomized controlled trial of dehydroepiandrosterone in postmenopausal women with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 2005;32(7):1336-40.
  55. Gebre-Medhin, G., Husebye, E. S., Mallmin, H., Helstrom, L., Berne, C., Karlsson, F. A., Kampe, O. Oral dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) replacement therapy in women with Addison's disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000;52(6):775-80. PubMed
  56. Lovas, K., Gebre-Medhin, G., Trovik, T. S., Fougner, K. J., Uhlving, S., Nedrebo, B. G., Myking, O. L., Kampe, O., Husebye, E. S. Replacement of dehydroepiandrosterone in adrenal failure: no benefit for subjective health status and sexuality in a 9-month,
  57. Pillemer, S. R., Brennan, M. T., Sankar, V., Leakan, R. A., Smith, J. A., Grisius, M., Ligier, S., Radfar, L., Kok, M. R., Kingman, A., Fox, P. C. Pilot clinical trial of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) versus placebo for Sjogren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum
  58. Christiansen, J. J., Andersen, N. H., Sorensen, K. E., Pedersen, E. M., Bennett, P., Andersen, M., Christiansen, J. S., Jorgensen, J. O., Gravholt, C. H. Dehydroepiandrosterone substitution in female adrenal failure: no impact on endothelial function and
  59. Panjari, M., Bell, R. J., Jane, F., Wolfe, R., Adams, J., Morrow, C., Davis, S. R. A randomized trial of oral DHEA treatment for sexual function, well-being, and menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women with low libido. J Sex Med 2009;6(9):2579-90. PubMed
  60. Mamas, L., Mamas, E. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation in assisted reproduction: rationale and results. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2009;21(4):306-8. PubMed
  61. Hartkamp, A., Geenen, R., Godaert, G. L., Bootsma, H., Kruize, A. A., Bijlsma, J. W., Derksen, R. H. Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone administration on fatigue, well-being, and functioning in women with primary Sjogren syndrome: a randomised controlled tr
  62. Yeung, T. W., Li, R. H., Lee, V. C., Ho, P. C., Ng, E. H. A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial on the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone for 16 weeks on ovarian response markers in women with primary ovarian insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol PubMed
  63. Virkki, L. M., Porola, P., Forsblad-d'Elia, H., Valtysdottir, S., Solovieva, S. A., Konttinen, Y. T. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) substitution treatment for severe fatigue in DHEA-deficient patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Arthritis Care Res (Ho
  64. Binder, G., Weber, S., Ehrismann, M., Zaiser, N., Meisner, C., Ranke, M. B., Maier, L., Wudy, S. A., Hartmann, M. F., Heinrich, U., Bettendorf, M., Doerr, H. G., Pfaeffle, R. W., Keller, E. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone therapy on pubic hair growth an
  65. Klove, K. L., Roy, S., Lobo, R. A. The effect of different contraceptive treatments on the serum concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Contraception 1984;29(4):319-24. PubMed
  66. Cibula, D., Fanta, M., Vrbikova, J., Stanicka, S., Dvorakova, K., Hill, M., Skrha, J., Zivny, J., Skrenkova, J. The effect of combination therapy with metformin and combined oral contraceptives (COC) versus COC alone on insulin sensitivity, hyperandrogena
  67. White, T., Jain, J. K., Stanczyk, F. Z. Effect of oral versus transdermal steroidal contraceptives on androgenic markers. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;192(6):2055-9. PubMed
  68. Vacheron-Trystram, M. N., Cheref, S., Gauillard, J., Plas, J. [A case report of mania precipitated by use of DHEA]. Encephale 2002;28(6 Pt 1):563-6.
  69. Gurnell, E. M., Hunt, P. J., Curran, S. E., Conway, C. L., Pullenayegum, E. M., Huppert, F. A., Compston, J. E., Herbert, J., Chatterjee, V. K. Long-term DHEA replacement in primary adrenal insufficiency: a randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol PubMed
  70. Christiansen, J. J., Bruun, J. M., Christiansen, J. S., Jorgensen, J. O., Gravholt, C. H. Long-term DHEA substitution in female adrenocortical failure, body composition, muscle function, and bone metabolism: a randomized trial. Eur J Endocrinol 2011;165(2 PubMed
  71. Bloch, M., Ish-Shalom, S., Greenman, Y., Klein, E., Latzer, Y. Dehydroepiandrosterone treatment effects on weight, bone density, bone metabolism and mood in women suffering from anorexia nervosa-a pilot study. Psychiatry Res 2012;200(2-3):544-9. PubMed
  72. Merritt, P., Stangl, B., Hirshman, E., Verbalis, J. Administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) increases serum levels of androgens and estrogens but does not enhance short-term memory in post-menopausal women. Brain Res 11-5-2012;1483:54-62. PubMed
  73. Stangl, B., Hirshman, E., and Verbalis, J. Administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) enhances visual-spatial performance in postmenopausal women. Behav Neurosci 2011;125(5):742-52. PubMed
  74. Artini, P. G., Simi, G., Ruggiero, M., Pinelli, S., Di Berardino, O. M., Papini, F., Papini, S., Monteleone, P., Cela, V. DHEA supplementation improves follicular microenviroment in poor responder patients. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012;28(9):669-73. PubMed
  75. Genazzani, A. R., Stomati, M., Valentino, V., Pluchino, N., Pot, E., Casarosa, E., Merlini, S., Giannini, A., Luisi, M. Effect of 1-year, low-dose DHEA therapy on climacteric symptoms and female sexuality. Climacteric 2011;14(6):661-8. PubMed
  76. Dayal, M., Sammel, M. D., Zhao, J., Hummel, A. C., Vandenbourne, K., Barnhart, K. T. Supplementation with DHEA: effect on muscle size, strength, quality of life, and lipids. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2005;14(5):391-400. PubMed
  77. Vogiatzi, M. G., Boeck, M. A., Vlachopapadopoulou, E., el-Rashid, R., New, M. I. Dehydroepiandrosterone in morbidly obese adolescents: effects on weight, body composition, lipids, and insulin resistance. Metabolism 1996;45(8):1011-5. PubMed
  78. Bernardi, F., Pieri, M., Stomati, M., Luisi, S., Palumbo, M., Pluchino, N., Ceccarelli, C., Genazzani, A. R. Effect of different hormonal replacement therapies on circulating allopregnanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone levels in postmenopausal women. Gyne DOI
  79. Schlegel, W., Petersdorf, L. I., Junker, R., Schulte, H., Ebert, C., Von Eckardstein, A. The effects of six months of treatment with a low-dose of conjugated oestrogens in menopausal women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1999;51(5):643-51. PubMed
  80. Rao, M. S., Subbarao, V., Yeldandi, A. V., and Reddy, J. K. Hepatocarcinogenicity of dehydroepiandrosterone in the rat. Cancer Res. 5-15-1992;52(10):2977-2979.
  81. Tagliaferro, A. R., Roebuck, B. D., Ronan, A. M., and Meeker, L. D. Enhancement of pancreatic carcinogenesis by dehydroepiandrosterone. Adv.Exp.Med Biol. 1992;322:119-129. PubMed
  82. Buster, J. E., Casson, P. R., Straughn, A. B., Dale, D., Umstot, E. S., Chiamori, N., and Abraham, G. E. Postmenopausal steroid replacement with micronized dehydroepiandrosterone: preliminary oral bioavailability and dose proportionality studies. Am J Ob
  83. Kocis, P. Prasterone. Am J Health Syst.Pharm. 11-15-2006;63(22):2201-2210.
  84. Karp, G., Bentov, Y., Masalha, R., and Ifergane, G. Onset of late posttraumatic seizure after dehydroepiandrosterone treatment. Fertil.Steril. 2009;91(3):931-932. PubMed
  85. Stanczyk, F. Z., Slater, C. C., Ramos, D. E., Azen, C., Cherala, G., Hakala, C., Abraham, G., and Roy, S. Pharmacokinetics of dehydroepiandrosterone and its metabolites after long-term oral dehydroepiandrosterone treatment in postmenopausal women. Menopa PubMed
  86. Rice, S. P., Agarwal, N., Bolusani, H., Newcombe, R., Scanlon, M. F., Ludgate, M., and Rees, D. A. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement on vascular function in primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency: a randomized crossover trial. J Clin End PubMed
  87. Mizokami, A., Koh, E., Izumi, K., Narimoto, K., Takeda, M., Honma, S., Dai, J., Keller, E. T., and Namiki, M. Prostate cancer stromal cells and LNCaP cells coordinately activate the androgen receptor through synthesis of testosterone and dihydrotestoster
  88. Liu, X., Arnold, J. T., and Blackman, M. R. Dehydroepiandrosterone administration or G{alpha}q overexpression induces {beta}-catenin/T-Cell factor signaling and growth via increasing association of estrogen receptor-{beta}/Dishevelled2 in androgen-indepe
  89. El-Alfy, M., Deloche, C., Azzi, L., Bernard, B. A., Bernerd, F., Coutet, J., Chaussade, V., Martel, C., Leclaire, J., and Labrie, F. Skin responses to topical dehydroepiandrosterone: implications in antiageing treatment? Br.J Dermatol. 2010;163(5):968-97 PubMed
  90. Chen, M. J., Chen, C. D., Yang, J. H., Chen, C. L., Ho, H. N., Yang, W. S., and Yang, Y. S. High serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is associated with phenotypic acne and a reduced risk of abdominal obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum. PubMed
  91. Goldberg, M. Dehydroepiandrosterone, insulin-like growth factor-I, and prostate cancer. Ann Intern Med 10-1-1998;129(7):587-588. PubMed
  92. Sahelian, R. and Borken, S. Dehydroepiandrosterone and cardiac arrhythmia. Ann Intern.Med 10-1-1998;129(7):588. PubMed
  93. Liao YH, Liao KF, Kao CL, et al. Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone administration on recovery from mix-type exercise training-induced muscle damage. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013;113(1):99-107. PubMed
  94. Yeung TW, Chai J, Li RH, et al. A randomized, controlled, pilot trial on the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on ovarian response markers, ovarian response, and in vitro fertilization outcomes in poor responders. Fertil Steril 2014;102(1):108-115.e1. PubMed
  95. Buisson C, Frelat C, Privat K, Martinat N, Audran M, Collomp K. Metabolic and isotopic signature of short-term DHEA administration in women: Comparison with findings in men. Drug Test Anal. 2018;10(11-12):1744-1754. PubMed
  96. Gravisse N, Vibarel-Rebot N, Labsy Z, et al. Short-term dehydroepiandrosterone intake and supramaximal exercise in young recreationally-trained women. Int J Sports Med. 2018;39(9):712-719. PubMed
  97. Chen SN, Tsui KH, Wang PH, Chern CU, Wen ZH, Lin LT. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation improves the outcomes of in vitro fertilization cycles in older patients with diminished ovarian reserve. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;10:800. PubMed
  98. Li Y, Ren J, Li N, et al. A dose-response and meta-analysis of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation on testosterone levels: perinatal prediction of randomized clinical trials. Exp Gerontol 2020;141:111110. Online ahead of print. PubMed

See these in context on the Dhea monograph →

Cowhage 12 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  3. Anon. Epidemiological notes and reports: Mucuna pruriens-associated pruritus--New Jersey. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1985;34:732-3.
  4. HP-200 in Parkinson's Disease study group. An alternative medicine treatment for Parkinson's disease: Results of a multicenter clinical trial. J Alt Comp Med 1995;1:249-55. DOI
  5. Infante ME, Perez AM, Simao MR, et al. Outbreak of acute toxic psychosis attributed to Mucuna pruriens. Lancet 1990;336:1129. PubMed
  6. Vaidya AB, Rajagopalan TG, Mankodi NA, et al. Treatment of Parkinson's disease with the cowhage plant-Mucuna pruriens Bak. Neurol India 1978;26:171-6.
  7. Vadivel V, Janardhanan K. Nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of velvet bean: an under-utilized food legume in south India. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2000;51:279-87. PubMed
  8. Akhtar MS, Qureshi AQ, Iqbal J. Antidiabetic evaluation of Mucuna pruriens, Linn seeds. J Pak Med Assoc 1990;40:147-50.
  9. Prakash, D., Niranjan, A., and Tewari, S. K. Some nutritional properties of the seeds of three Mucuna species. Int.J.Food Sci.Nutr. 2001;52(1):79-82.
  10. Vadivel, V. and Janardhanan, K. Nutritional and antinutritional characteristics of seven South Indian wild legumes. Plant Foods Hum.Nutr 2005;60(2):69-75. PubMed
  11. Creapure (Creatine Monohydrate). Toxicological Datasheet. Degussa BioActives. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/ohrms/DOCKETS/.../95s-0316-rpt0154-54-Ref-50-vol112.pdf.
  12. Pulikkalpura H, Kurup R, Mathew PJ, Baby S. Levodopa in Mucuna pruriens and its degradation. Sci Rep 2015;5:11078. PubMed

See these in context on the Cowhage monograph →

Safed Musli 1 reference
  1. Tripathi RK, Dethe PD, Bhojne SK, Raut AA, Rege NN. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind comparative pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of Chlorophytum borivilianum on physical performance. Indian J Pharmacol 2019;51(3):150-6. PubMed

See these in context on the Safed Musli monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Keep exploring
Supplement interaction checker › Check any supplement or product against your medications Drug–drug interactions › Check two or more of your medications against each other Browse medications A–Z › Every drug we've checked against herbs & supplements NDC & pricing lookup › Find a drug’s NDCs, packaging and costs Ask a pharmacist › Free, personal answer from our licensed team