Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 7 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Men's Oyster Complex Formula Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by CATALO

Tablet Or Pill Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Men's Oyster Complex Formula is a dietary supplement by CATALO with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 270 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sodium, natural Zinc. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Men's Oyster Complex Formula by CATALO

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “natural Zinc” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (160 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This product contains 4 active ingredients. Sodium and zinc are minerals with established roles in the body — sodium helps regulate fluid balance and nerve signals, while zinc supports immune function and wound healing.

The formula also includes oyster extract (natural) and maca tuber extract (natural), traditional ingredients used in men's health supplements. The tablet also contains several inactive ingredients (microcrystalline cellulose, stearic acid, calcium phosphate, silicon dioxide, and others) that serve as binders and fillers.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: promote sperm health and male vitality.
  • We looked for evidence on: Male infertility, Erectile dysfunction (ED), Age-related testosterone deficiency, sexual function, reproductive health, stamina.
  • The closest evidence on file: Maca is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Age-related testosterone deficiency (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Maca is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Male infertility.
  • Also on file: Zinc is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Erectile dysfunction (ED), Male infertility.

The evidence for this product's ingredients is mixed and limited. Sodium's effectiveness ratings come from specific medical uses (cystic fibrosis is rated likely effective; amphotericin B nephrotoxicity is possibly effective), not from general supplementation.

Zinc is effective for zinc deficiency and likely effective for Wilson disease, and possibly effective for acne, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetes. However, we hold no effectiveness data in our system for oyster extract or maca tuber extract — their traditional uses are not established by the evidence standards in our data.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Maca Zinc

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sodium is well tolerated at normal dietary amounts but poses real risks in supplement form. High intake is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and worsening kidney disease; avoid sodium supplements or very high intake without medical guidance.

Serious adverse effects from excess sodium are rare but can include cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure. Zinc is well tolerated below 40 mg daily for adults; common side effects at higher doses include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and a metallic taste.

Very high long-term doses may increase risk of copper deficiency. Maca is generally well tolerated as a food, though fresh uncooked maca may cause stomach pain; long-term supplement safety has not been studied.

For pregnancy and breastfeeding, sodium and zinc are rated likely safe during pregnancy (though zinc is rated possibly unsafe — check with your doctor), and the safety data advises against maca during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Maca Zinc

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Zinc, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: lithium.
  • For scale: 270 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you use blood pressure medications (antihypertensives), corticosteroids, or lithium — sodium can interfere with how these work or increase side effects. Also flag any antibiotic use (quinolones, tetracyclines, cephalexin, penicillamine), HIV medications (ritonavir, integrase inhibitors, didanosine, or bictegravir combinations), or chemotherapy (cisplatin).

If you take any sodium-containing medications or bowel-prep solutions with sodium phosphate, mention this product as well.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product combines sodium and zinc, minerals with specific medical uses but also well-documented medication interactions, especially if you take blood pressure drugs, antibiotics, or HIV medications. If you're on any prescription medication or have heart, kidney, or blood pressure concerns, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product — the sodium and zinc content may require adjustments to your other treatments.

The oyster extract and maca components are traditional ingredients with limited evidence for their effectiveness.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 14, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Men's Oyster Complex Formula, straight from the product label.

Brand CATALO
Net contents 60 Tablet(s); 57.5 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Dec 14, 2023
DSLD ID 303104
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Tablet Or Pill
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult Male (18-50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Men's Oyster Complex Formula by CATALO, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
959 mg
Maximum serving Sizes:
1918 mg
Servings per container
30
IngredientAmount% DV
Sugar0 Gram(s)--
Sodium7 mg--
Zinc32 mg--
Carbohydrates0.3 Gram(s)--
Energy6 Kcal(s)--
Total Fat0.3 Gram(s)--
Saturated Fat0.3 Gram(s)--
Trans Fat0 Gram(s)--
Protein0.5 Gram(s)--
Oyster Extract, Natural640 mg--
Maca Tuber Extract, Natural160 mg--
natural Zinc160 mg--

Other ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Stearic Acid, Calcium Phosphate, Silicon Dioxide, Croscarmellose Sodium, Magnesium Stearate, Hydroxypropyl Cellulose, Hypromellose, Confectioner's Glaze, Polyethylene Glycol, Carnauba Wax

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Promote sperm health

Main Functions: Provide essential nutrients for healthy sperm Natural ingredients for men who are planning to have baby Promote male vitality Fight fatigue and boost energy

This product is made from natural sources and may have color variation. This is a normal phenomenon and does not affect product quality.

Made in USA

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formula

CATALO Men's Oyster Complex Formula is formulated specifically for men to increase performance and healthy sperm.

CATALO Men's Oyster Complex Formula is formulated specifically for men to increase performance and healthy sperm. It is extracted from premium grade oyster species, which are freshly collected only at certain times of the year when its nutrients are most concentrated. The wholesome nutrients of oyster are well preserved to suit the nutritional needs for healthy sperm. Together with natural maca extract and chelated zinc, it is an ideal supplement for men who prepare themselves to have babies.

Suitable for: Men who want healthy sperms, want to have stamina and vigor, stay energetic, overworked

General Statements

A.E. Omu, et al. (2008) Med Princ Pract, 17, 108-116 (Refer to Zinc)

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Serving Directions For adults, take 1-2 tablets daily. Take after meal

Storage

Storage Keep in a dry and cool place. Avoid direct sunlight

Seals/Symbols

cGMP Current Good Manufacturing Practices

See for yourself

Men's Oyster Complex Formula by CATALO label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Men's Oyster Complex Formula by CATALO

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size959 mg Dosage formTablet Or Pill Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
7 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Carbohydrates

0.3 Gram(s) per serving
  • › Sugar

Energy

6 Kcal(s) per serving

Protein

0.5 Gram(s) per serving

Oyster Extract, Natural

640 mg per serving

Maca Tuber Extract, Natural

No known
interactions
160 mg per serving

Maca is a nutrient-rich Andean root often used for energy, libido, and menopause symptoms. Early studies suggest it may modestly help sexual desire an...

Maca Tuber Extract, Natural monograph & interactions

Natural Zinc

Interacts with
67 drugs
160 mg per serving

Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but suppleme...

Natural Zinc monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Stearic Acid, Calcium Phosphate, Silicon Dioxide, Croscarmellose Sodium, Magnesium Stearate, Hydroxypropyl Cellulose, Hypromellose, Confectioner's Glaze, Polyethylene Glycol, Carnauba Wax. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Men's Oyster Complex Formula by CATALO Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Men's Oyster Complex Formula?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
270Drugs
268 Moderate 2 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Men's Oyster Complex Formula with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C

natural Zinc10 drug types · 67 drugs

Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)

Theoretically, zinc might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after zinc containing products.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Cephalexin (Keflex)

Zinc might decrease cephalexin levels by chelating with cephalexin in the gut and preventing its absorption.
A pharmacokinetic study shows that zinc sulfate 250 mg taken concomitantly with cephalexin 500 mg decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 31% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 27%. Also, taking zinc sulfate 3 hours before cephalexin decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 11% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 18%. By decreasing cephalexin levels, zinc might increase the risk of treatment failure. This effect does not occur when zinc is taken 3 hours after the cephalexin dose. To avoid an interaction, advise patients take zinc sulfate 3 hours after taking cephalexin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)

Theoretically, zinc might interfere with the therapeutic effects of cisplatin.
Animal research suggests that zinc stimulates tumor cell production of the protein metallothionein, which binds and inactivates cisplatin. It is not known whether zinc supplements or high dietary zinc intake can cause clinically significant interference with cisplatin therapy. Cisplatin might also increase zinc excretion.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Integrase Inhibitors

Theoretically, taking zinc along with integrase inhibitors might decrease the levels and clinical effects of these drugs.
Zinc is a divalent cation. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that other divalent cations such as calcium and iron can decrease blood levels of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir through chelation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)

Zinc might reduce the levels and clinical effects of penicillamine.
By forming an insoluble complex with penicillamine, zinc interferes with penicillamine absorption and activity. Zinc supplements reduce the efficacy of low-dose penicillamine (0.5-1 gram/day), but do not seem to affect higher doses (1-2.75 gram/day), provided dosing times are separated. Advise patients to take zinc and penicillamine at least 2 hours apart.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Quinolone Antibiotics

Zinc can decrease the levels and clinical effects of quinolones antibiotics.
Quinolones form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing absorption of both the quinolone and zinc if taken at the same time. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Ritonavir (Norvir)

Zinc modestly reduces levels of ritonavir.
Clinical research shows that zinc might reduce serum ritonavir levels by chelating with ritonavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. In patients with HIV, ritonavir is taken with atazanavir to prevent the metabolism and increase the effects of atazanavir. A pharmacokinetic study shows that, in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg as a single dose or as multiple daily doses for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of ritonavir by about 16%. However, atazanavir levels still remains high enough to prevent HIV virus replication. Therefore, the decrease in ritonavir levels is not likely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Zinc might reduce levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Tetracyclines form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, which can reduce absorption of both the tetracycline and zinc when taken at the same time. Taking zinc sulfate 200 mg with tetracycline reduces absorption of the antibiotic by 30% to 40%. Demeclocycline and minocycline cause a similar interaction. However, doxycycline does not seem to interact significantly with zinc. Advise patients to take tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements to avoid any interactions.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Amiloride (Midamor)

Amiloride can modestly reduce zinc excretion and increase zinc levels.
Clinical research shows that amiloride can reduce urinary zinc excretion, especially at doses of 10 mg per day or more. This zinc-sparing effect can help to counteract zinc losses caused by thiazide diuretics, but it is unlikely to cause zinc toxicity at usual amiloride doses. The other potassium-sparing diuretics, spironolactone (Aldactone) and triamterene (Dyrenium), do not seem to have a zinc-sparing effect.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Atazanavir (Reyataz)

Zinc modestly reduces levels of atazanavir, although this effect does not seem to be clinically significant.
Clinical research shows that zinc might decrease serum atazanavir levels by chelating with atazanavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. Although a single dose of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg orally does not affect atazanavir concentrations in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate 125 mg daily for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of atazanavir by about 22% in these patients. However, despite this decrease, atazanavir levels still remain at high enough concentrations for the prevention of HIV virus replication.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Men's Oyster Complex Formula, from the product label.

CATALO

See all CATALO products
Name
CATALO Natural Health USA Inc.
City
City of Industry
State
CA
ZipCode
91748
Web Address
CATALO.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Men's Oyster Complex Formula by CATALO: Common Questions

Does Men's Oyster Complex Formula by CATALO interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Men's Oyster Complex Formula has a known interaction with 270 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Men's Oyster Complex Formula contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product actually work for men's health?
We don't have effectiveness data in our system for oyster extract or maca tuber extract, which are the two main active ingredients. Sodium and zinc have proven uses for specific conditions (like zinc deficiency), but not for general men's health. The evidence for what this formula claims to do isn't established in the data we hold.
Is it safe to take if I'm on blood pressure medication?
No, not without checking first. The sodium in this product can reduce how well blood pressure medications work. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting it — they may need to adjust your medication or advise you to skip this product.
Can I take this with antibiotics?
The zinc in this product can reduce absorption of several common antibiotics, including tetracyclines, quinolones, and cephalexin. If you're taking an antibiotic, mention this product to your pharmacist so they can space out the doses or recommend an alternative.
What are the most common side effects?
Zinc at higher doses can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and a metallic taste. Excess sodium is generally well tolerated in the short term but poses long-term risks to your heart and blood pressure.
Is this safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
Sodium and zinc are rated likely safe in pregnancy, though zinc has a possibly unsafe rating too — you'll need to discuss the specific amounts with your doctor. Maca is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding because safety data is insufficient. Talk with your healthcare provider before taking this product if you're pregnant, nursing, or planning to become pregnant.
Does it have a lot of fillers?
The tablet contains several inactive ingredients — microcrystalline cellulose, stearic acid, calcium phosphate, silicon dioxide, and others — which are standard binders and fillers used to make the tablet hold together. If you're sensitive to any of these, check the full inactive list before you buy.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Men's Oyster Complex Formula label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Men's Oyster Complex Formula's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 127 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
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  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
  32. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
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Maca 1 reference
  1. Valerio, L. G., Jr. and Gonzales, G. F. Toxicological aspects of the South American herbs cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa) and Maca (Lepidium meyenii) : a critical synopsis. Toxicol.Rev 2005;24(1):11-35. PubMed

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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