Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 4 of 9 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Natabolic Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Chemix

Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Natabolic is a dietary supplement by Chemix with 9 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for bone health, joint and arthritis support, hormone (testosterone/estrogen) support.Based on those ingredients, 1,450 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are KSM-66, Nigella sativa, Androsta-3,5-diene-7,17-dione. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Natabolic by Chemix

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 9 of its 9 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Natabolic contains 9 ingredients, 6 of which we can assess for interactions and effectiveness. The active ingredients include boron (a mineral), black seed (nigella sativa), ashwagandha extract (KSM-66), and arimistane (a hormone-altering compound), plus several plant extracts and specialized compounds.

The product also contains inactive ingredients: cellulose, magnesium stearate, and silicon dioxide (common capsule fillers).

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: increase testosterone and muscle protein synthesis.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Muscle strength, Male infertility, Erectile dysfunction (ED), Hypogonadism, Lean body mass — and 1 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Boron is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Black Seed is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Male infertility.
  • Also on file: Ashwagandha is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Athletic performance, Male infertility.

The evidence varies by ingredient. Boron is likely effective for boron deficiency and possibly effective for vaginal yeast infections and radiation skin damage, but possibly ineffective for athletic performance.

Black seed is possibly effective for acne, hay fever, asthma, and diabetes. Ashwagandha shows possibly effective evidence for insomnia, anxiety, stress, and generalized anxiety disorder, though evidence for bipolar disorder is insufficient.

Arimistane lacks reliable evidence for athletic performance, erectile function, muscle strength, or weight loss—the claims surrounding it remain unproven.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Boron Black Seed Ashwagandha Arimistane

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Boron is generally well tolerated at doses below 20 mg daily; higher chronic doses can cause skin problems and hair loss, and very large doses cause poisoning with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Black seed and ashwagandha are generally well tolerated by mouth, though both can cause gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting, constipation, stomach discomfort).

Ashwagandha has rare but serious case reports of liver damage. For pregnancy: boron and ashwagandha are likely unsafe—avoid supplement doses.

Black seed and arimistane are also likely unsafe in pregnancy. For breastfeeding: boron, black seed, ashwagandha, and arimistane all lack sufficient safety data, so it's best to avoid supplement doses.

Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about your specific situation.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Boron Black Seed Ashwagandha Arimistane

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Black Seed, Ashwagandha, Arimistane.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,451 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Natabolic, double-check these medication types with your doctor or pharmacist: aromatase inhibitors (cancer drugs), CNS depressants (sedatives, sleep aids, anxiety meds), blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs, blood pressure medications, diabetes drugs, serotonergic antidepressants, benzodiazepines, immune-suppressing drugs, diuretics, thyroid hormone replacement, liver-damaging medications, and cyclosporine. These interactions stem from black seed, ashwagandha, and arimistane.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Natabolic is a multi-ingredient formula with multiple documented drug interactions, especially with blood pressure medicines, blood thinners, sedatives, diabetes drugs, and immune-suppressing medications. If you take any prescription medication—or if you're pregnant or breastfeeding—check your exact medications with the tool on this page and discuss the product with your own doctor or pharmacist before starting.

The evidence for most of its claims is modest or unproven.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 9 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 23, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Natabolic, straight from the product label.

Brand Chemix
Barcode (UPC) 860003220429
Net contents 240 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Aug 23, 2022
DSLD ID 275404
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Natabolic by Chemix, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
4 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
8 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
860003220429
IngredientAmount% DV
Boron10 mg--
Nigella sativa750 mg--
5-Alpha-hydroxy-laxogenin100 mg--
Eucommia ulmoides Bark Extract500 mg--
KSM-66600 mg--
Byroviron1 Gram(s)--
Korean Mistletoe1 Gram(s)--
Eriobotrya japonica extract500 mg--
Androsta-3,5-diene-7,17-dione75 mg--

Other ingredients: Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: As a dietary supplement, take one full serving of eight (8) capsules with 8-10 oz of water, once daily. Beginners may start with four (4) capsules once daily and increase to full serving, as needed.

Precautions

Warning: For use by healthy adults only, not recommended for persons under the age of 18. Keep out of reach of children.

Do not take with prescription medicines or without consulting your physician or pharmacist. Do not use if you are pregnant or nursing.

Formulation

Science based Using the highest quality ingredients base on sports performance science to deliver unreal results. Featuring carefully selected ingredients, Chemix provides our athletes an unrivaled ability to train harder and longer than ever before.

Ultra Premium Enhancements Increases total and free testosterone levels Activates muscle protein synthesis Decreases and moderates estrogen production Increases strength

Brand IP Statement(s)

The Guerrilla Chemist

Chemix Science based tonics, elixirs, and enhancements

KSM-66 Ashwagandha KSM-66 Ashwagandha World's best Ashwagandha is a registered trademark of Ixoreal Biomed Inc. Byroviron Byroviron is a registered trademark of Nutracap Labs LLC

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formula

Contains natural phytoandrogens to help build muscle

B Byroviron K KSM-66

General Statements

Instagtam Facebook /chemixlifestyle

See for yourself

Natabolic by Chemix label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Natabolic by Chemix

These are the 9 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size4 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Boron

No known
interactions
10 mg per serving Form: Boron Citrate

Boron is a trace mineral found in many plant foods and sold as a supplement, mainly promoted for bone, joint, and hormone health. The human evidence f...

Boron monograph & interactions

Nigella sativa

Interacts with
913 drugs
750 mg per serving

Black seed (Nigella sativa) is a traditional spice and remedy that has been studied for asthma, blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure, with ear...

Nigella sativa monograph & interactions

5-Alpha-hydroxy-laxogenin

100 mg per serving

Eucommia ulmoides Bark Extract

500 mg per serving

KSM-66

Interacts with
1,373 drugs
600 mg per serving Form: Ashwagandha Root Extract

Ashwagandha is an Ayurvedic herb most often taken to help with stress, anxiety, and sleep, and some small studies suggest it may help, though the evid...

KSM-66 monograph & interactions

Byroviron

1 Gram(s) per serving Form: Bryonia laciniosa Extract

Korean Mistletoe

1 Gram(s) per serving

Eriobotrya japonica extract

500 mg per serving

Androsta-3,5-diene-7,17-dione

Interacts with
4 drugs
75 mg per serving

Arimistane (sometimes sold as Estrovade) is a synthetic aromatase inhibitor marketed as a dietary supplement to lower estrogen and raise testosterone,...

Androsta-3,5-diene-7,17-dione monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Natabolic by Chemix Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Natabolic?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
1,450Drugs
1,166 Moderate 284 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

KSM-66 1,373

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Natabolic with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

KSM-6610 drug types · 1,373 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
There is preliminary clinical evidence suggesting that ashwagandha might lower blood glucose levels. Theoretically, ashwagandha might have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Animal research suggests that ashwagandha might lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Theoretically, ashwagandha might have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs and increase the risk of hypotension.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Benzodiazepines

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of benzodiazepines.
There is preliminary evidence that ashwagandha might have an additive effect with diazepam (Valium) and clonazepam (Klonopin). This may also occur with other benzodiazepines.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Ashwagandha seems to have sedative effects. Theoretically, this may potentiate the effects of barbiturates, other sedatives, and anxiolytics.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Ashwagandha has been linked to cases of acute hepatitis, liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy, autoimmune hepatitis, the need for liver transplantation, and death due to liver failure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might decrease the effects of immunosuppressants.
Ashwagandha has demonstrated immunostimulant effects in humans. Animal research has shown that ashwagandha can attenuate the immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Ashwagandha might increase the effects and adverse effects of thyroid hormone.
Concomitant use of ashwagandha with thyroid hormones may cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects. Preliminary clinical research and animal studies suggest that ashwagandha boosts thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. In one clinical study, ashwagandha increased triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels by 41.5% and 19.6%, respectively, and reduced serum TSH levels by 17.4% from baseline in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP3A4 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Some animal studies have reported that ashwagandha can enhance serotonergic transmission by altering certain serotonin (5-HT) receptors. However, there is no evidence to suggest that ashwagandha increases the risk of serotonin-related effects, and there have been no published case reports of serotonin syndrome when combined with other serotonergic drugs. Nevertheless, due to the lack of extensive studies on the matter and the fact that ashwagandha appears to affect serotonergic pathways, it would be prudent to exercise caution when combining it with drugs that affect serotonin. [References: - Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwaga ndha) on Stress and the Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2021 Sep 14; 19: 1468–1495. - A Prospective, Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Safety and Efficacy of a High-Concentration Full-Spectrum Extract of Ashwagandha Root in Reducing Stress and Anxiety in Adults. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3573577/]

Likelihood Possible Evidence C

Nigella sativa14 drug types · 913 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, black seed may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that black seed extract can inhibit platelet aggregation and clotting, and increase bleeding time. In addition, decreased platelet counts have occurred in a human case report and in animal research.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking black seed with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some clinical research and numerous animal studies suggest that black seed, especially its constituent thymoquinone, can have hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking black seed with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Clinical research suggests that black seed powder and oil might reduce blood pressure by 2-3 mmHg. In animal research, black seed modestly reduces blood pressure and concomitant use of black seed and amlodipine (Norvasc) or metoprolol (Lopressor) increased the blood pressure lowering effects of these drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Theoretically, black seed may increase the risk of bleeding if used with clopidogrel.
Animal research shows that taking black seed extract daily for 2 weeks prior to a single dose of clopidogrel increases maximum concentrations of clopidogrel by approximately 31% and modestly decreases oral clearance. Furthermore, bleeding time was increased by 12%. This has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs that have sedative properties may cause additive effects.
Animal research suggests that black seed may have CNS depressant effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically taking black seed might reduce the levels and clinical effects of cyclosporine.
In animal research, black seed extract decreased the maximal levels of cyclosporine in the blood by 35.5%. This has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, black seed might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research suggests that thymoquinone, a constituent of black seed, can decrease the metabolism of phenytoin by a mechanism possibly related to the inhibition of CYP2C9. The effect of black seed on CYP2C9 is unclear. This has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, taking black seed with diuretic drugs might increase potassium loss and the risk of hypokalemia.
Black seed extract has shown diuretic effects in animals, which could theoretically increase potassium loss. This has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, black seed might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Animal and in vitro studies suggest that black seed might stimulate immune function. However, other animal studies suggest that black seed may suppress immune function.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Theoretically, black seed might increase or decrease levels and effects of phenytoin.
In vitro research suggests that thymoquinone, a constituent of black seed, can decrease the metabolism of phenytoin. This effect may be due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). However, animal research shows that black seed decreases the maximum concentration of and total systemic exposure to phenytoin by 57% and 87%, respectively. This seems to be related to increased clearance and steady state volume of distribution. This interaction has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with black seed might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders.
Animal research suggests that black seed can increase brain serotonin levels. In one case report, a 35-year-old man undergoing endoscopic surgery experienced immediate postoperative serotonin syndrome that was likely associated with the use of black seed oil 600 mg daily starting 4 days before surgery, and precipitated by the use of serotonergic pain medications, including fentanyl and oxycodone. Monitor patients for signs of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects if using black seed with serotonergic drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sildenafil (Viagra)

Theoretically, black seed might reduce plasma levels and the therapeutic effects of sildenafil.
Animal research shows that black seed reduces the total systemic exposure to sildenafil by 43%. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, black seed might increase levels of warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding.
In vitro research suggests that thymoquinone, a constituent of black seed, can decrease the metabolism of warfarin. This effect may be due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). The effect of black seed on warfarin metabolism is unclear. This has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Prednisolone

Theoretically black seed might reduce plasma levels and therapeutic effects of prednisolone.
In animal research, oral administration of a single dose of black seed oil 15 minutes prior to oral prednisolone decreases the prednisolone maximum plasma concentration by 65% and area under the curve by 25%. This has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Androsta-3,5-diene-7,17-dione1 drug type · 4 drugs

Aromatase Inhibitors

It is believed that Arimistane inhibits the aromatase enzyme, which may interact with other aromatase inhibitors. This interaction could potentially increase the risk of side effects associated with low estrogen levels or from additive side effects, such as an increased risk of liver toxicity. It is recommended to consult with a healthcare provider before combining Arimistane with other aromatase inhibitors to assess the potential risks and benefits.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Natabolic, from the product label.

Chemix

See all Chemix products
Name
Chemix
Street Address
6080 Mcdonough Drive
City
Norcross
State
GA
ZipCode
30093
Phone Number
800-688-5956
Web Address
chemixlifestyle.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Natabolic by Chemix: Common Questions

Does Natabolic by Chemix interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Natabolic has a known interaction with 1,450 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Natabolic contains 9 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is it safe to take Natabolic if I'm pregnant?
No. Boron, black seed, ashwagandha, and arimistane are all rated likely unsafe or possibly unsafe in pregnancy. Do not use this product if you're pregnant; talk with your doctor or pharmacist about safer options.
Can I take Natabolic while breastfeeding?
The product contains multiple ingredients without sufficient breastfeeding safety data—boron, black seed, ashwagandha, and arimistane should all be avoided while nursing. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking it.
What does ashwagandha in this product do?
Ashwagandha (KSM-66) is possibly effective for insomnia, anxiety, stress, and generalized anxiety disorder. It's included as a calming herbal ingredient, though long-term safety data is limited.
Will this help with athletic performance or muscle?
Arimistane, one of the ingredients, claims to support muscle and athletic performance, but we have no reliable evidence it actually works. Black seed shows possibly ineffective evidence for athletic performance.
What are the most common side effects?
Black seed and ashwagandha can cause gastrointestinal upset—nausea, vomiting, constipation, or stomach discomfort. These are usually mild. Boron is generally well tolerated at normal doses. Rare but serious liver damage has been reported with ashwagandha in case reports.
Why can't you check all the ingredients for drug interactions?
We have no interaction data on file for 5-alpha-hydroxy-laxogenin, Eucommia ulmoides bark extract, byroviron, Korean mistletoe, and eriobotrya japonica extract. That doesn't mean they're safe with your medications—it means they're simply not checked in our database. Ask your pharmacist if you'd like more information on those specific compounds.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Natabolic is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Natabolic label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Natabolic's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 99 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Boron 6 references
  1. Ellenhorn MJ, et al. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnoses and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1997.
  2. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  3. Thai L, Hart LL. Boric acid vaginal suppositories. Ann Pharmacother 1993;27:1355-7.
  4. Acs N, Banhidy F, Puho E, Czeizel AE. Teratogenic effects of vaginal boric acid treatment during pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2006;93:55-6. PubMed
  5. Garabrant, D. H., Bernstein, L., Peters, J. M., and Smith, T. J. Respiratory and eye irritation from boron oxide and boric acid dusts. J Occup Med 1984;26(8):584-586. PubMed
  6. Hjelm C, Harari F, Vahter M. Pre- and postnatal environmental boron exposure and infant growth: results from a mother-child cohort in northern Argentina. Environ Res 2019;171:60-8. PubMed

See these in context on the Boron monograph →

Black Seed 60 references
  1. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  2. Aqel M, Shaheen R. Effects of the volatile oil of black seed seeds on the uterine smooth muscle of rat and guinea pig. J Ethnopharmacol 1996;52:23-6.
  3. Keshri G, Singh MM, Lakshmi V, Kamboj VP. Post-coital contraceptive efficacy of the seeds of Black seed in rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1995;39:59-62.
  4. Tennekoon KH, Jeevathayaparan S, Kurukulasooriya AP, Karunanayake EH. Possible hepatotoxicity of Nigella sativa seeds and Dregea volubilis leaves. J Ethnopharmacol 1991;31:283-9. PubMed
  5. Dehkordi FR, Kamkhah AF. Antihypertensive effect of Nigella sativa seed extract in patients with mild hypertension. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2008;22:447-52.
  6. Zaoui, A., Cherrah, Y., Lacaille-Dubois, M. A., Settaf, A., Amarouch, H., and Hassar, M. [Diuretic and hypotensive effects of Nigella sativa in the spontaneously hypertensive rat]. Therapie 2000;55(3):379-382.
  7. Enomoto, S., Asano, R., Iwahori, Y., Narui, T., Okada, Y., Singab, A. N., and Okuyama, T. Hematological studies on black cumin oil from the seeds of Nigella sativa L. Biol.Pharm.Bull 2001;24(3):307-310. PubMed
  8. Meral, I., Yener, Z., Kahraman, T., and Mert, N. Effect of Nigella sativa on glucose concentration, lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant defence system and liver damage in experimentally-induced diabetic rabbits. J Vet.Med A Physiol Pathol.Clin Med 2001;48(1
  9. Al Jishi, S. A. and Abuo, Hozaifa B. Effect of Nigella sativa on blood hemostatic function in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;85(1):7-14. PubMed
  10. Ali, B. H. and Blunden, G. Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa. Phytother.Res. 2003;17(4):299-305.
  11. Al Naggar, T. B., Gomez-Serranillos, M. P., Carretero, M. E., and Villar, A. M. Neuropharmacological activity of Nigella sativa L. extracts. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;88(1):63-68. PubMed
  12. Kalus, U., Pruss, A., Bystron, J., Jurecka, M., Smekalova, A., Lichius, J. J., and Kiesewetter, H. Effect of Nigella sativa (black seed) on subjective feeling in patients with allergic diseases. Phytother.Res. 2003;17(10):1209-1214.
  13. Islam, S. N., Begum, P., Ahsan, T., Huque, S., and Ahsan, M. Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic properties of Nigella sativa. Phytother.Res. 2004;18(5):395-398.
  14. Fararh, K. M., Atoji, Y., Shimizu, Y., Shiina, T., Nikami, H., and Takewaki, T. Mechanisms of the hypoglycaemic and immunopotentiating effects of Nigella sativa L. oil in streptozotocin-induced diabetic hamsters. Res Vet.Sci 2004;77(2):123-129. PubMed
  15. Awad, E. M. and Binder, B. R. In vitro induction of endothelial cell fibrinolytic alterations by Nigella sativa. Phytomedicine 2005;12(3):194-202. PubMed
  16. El Obeid, A., Al Harbi, S., Al Jomah, N., and Hassib, A. Herbal melanin modulates tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(5):324-333.
  17. Abbas, A. T., Abdel-Aziz, M. M., Zalata, K. R., and Tel, Abd Al-Galel. Effect of dexamethasone and Nigella sativa on peripheral blood eosinophil count, IgG1 and IgG2a, cytokine profiles and lung inflammation in murine model of allergic asthma. Egypt J Im
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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