Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 1 of 2 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Organic Smooth Move Peppermint Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Traditional Medicinals

Other (e.g. Tea Bag) Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Organic Smooth Move Peppermint is a dietary supplement by Traditional Medicinals with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for short-term constipation relief, bowel cleansing before procedures, occasional irregularity.Based on those ingredients, 1,119 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Organic senna. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Organic Smooth Move Peppermint by Traditional Medicinals

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “All Herbal Ingredients” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “Proprietary Blend (Herb/Botanical)” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (920 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This tea contains 4 active ingredients: peppermint leaf, organic licorice, organic fennel, and organic senna. Peppermint is included for digestive comfort and flavor.

Licorice and fennel support digestive and soothing effects. Senna is a stimulant laxative—the ingredient that makes this product work as a bowel mover.

There are no other inactive ingredients listed.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: relief of occasional constipation.
  • We looked for evidence on: Constipation, Bowel preparation.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Senna is rated "Likely Effective" for Constipation (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Senna is rated "Possibly Effective" for Bowel preparation.
  • Also on file: Fennel is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Constipation.

Peppermint is likely effective for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and possibly effective for indigestion, nausea from chemotherapy, and colonic spasm. Licorice has possibly effective evidence for eczema and canker sores, though the evidence is limited for other uses.

Fennel is possibly effective for period pain but has insufficient evidence for asthma, anxiety, and other conditions. Senna is likely effective for constipation and possibly effective for bowel preparation before medical procedures.

The evidence for most other claimed uses is not established in our data.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Senna

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Peppermint leaf and licorice in food amounts are generally well tolerated, though concentrated licorice over time or in high doses can cause serious problems like high blood pressure and potassium depletion. Fennel and senna are generally well tolerated for short-term occasional use.

Common side effects from peppermint include abdominal pain, heartburn, and nausea. Licorice can cause headache and nausea.

Senna commonly causes cramping, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort. Rare allergic reactions to peppermint and fennel have been reported.

Licorice is unsafe in pregnancy and not recommended while breastfeeding. Fennel and senna are possibly unsafe in pregnancy and possibly unsafe while breastfeeding—talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using if you are pregnant or nursing.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Senna

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Fennel, Senna, Peppermint, Licorice.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; heart-rhythm medications.
  • For scale: 1,120 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your pharmacist or doctor if you take: heart rhythm medications like digoxin, blood thinners like warfarin or antiplatelet drugs, birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy, loop diuretics, cancer drugs (cisplatin, paclitaxel, tamoxifen), the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, or drugs broken down by your liver's CYP2C19, CYP2C9, or CYP3A4 enzymes. These are the drug types most affected by the ingredients in this tea.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This blend works best for short-term constipation relief and digestive comfort, thanks to senna and the herbal ingredients. If you take any blood thinners, heart medications, birth control, hormones, diuretics, or cancer drugs, check your specific medications with your pharmacist or doctor before starting.

Do the same if you're pregnant, nursing, or have any chronic health conditions. This is a tea for occasional use, not long-term daily use without medical guidance.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 21, 2017.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Organic Smooth Move Peppermint, straight from the product label.

Brand Traditional Medicinals
Net contents 16 Wrapped Tea Bag(s); 1.13 Oz(s); 32 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 21, 2017
DSLD ID 79441
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Other (e.g. Tea Bag)
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Children 4 or More Years of Age, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher, Organic
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Organic Smooth Move Peppermint by Traditional Medicinals, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Cup Brewed Tea
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Cup Brewed Tea
Servings per container
16
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories0 Calorie(s)--
Peppermint0 NP--
organic Licorice0 NP--
All Herbal Ingredients0 NP--
Proprietary Blend (Herb/Botanical)920 mg--
organic Fennel0 NP--
Organic senna1080 mg--

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)

Indications: For relief of occasional constipation. Smooth Move Peppermint generally produces a bowel movement in 6-12 hours.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Adults and Children 12 Years and Older: Drink 1 cup preferably at bedtime.

Drink responsibly and follow all directions for use. Please remember that Smooth Move products are not meant to be used for cleansing or as diet aids.

Precautions

Warning: Do not use laxative products when abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting are present unless directed by a doctor. If you have noticed a sudden change in bowel habits that persists over a period of 2 weeks, consult a doctor before using a laxative. Laxative products should not be used for a period of longer than 1 week unless directed by a doctor. Rectal bleeding or failure to have a bowel movement after use of a laxative may indicate a serious condition. Discontinue use and consult your doctor. Senna may produce abdominal pain, spasm or passage of liquid stools. Contraindications: Do not use if you have ileus, intestinal obstruction, intestinal stenosis, atonic bowel, acute intestinal inflammation (e.g. Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis), appendicitis, abdominal pain of unknown origin, severe dehydration states with water and electrolyte depletion.

Do not use if you have known allergies to plants of the Apiaceae (parsley) family, such as fennel.

Keep out of reach of children.

In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.

Notice: This product contains senna leaf. Read and follow directions carefully. Do not use if you have or develop diarrhea, loose stools, or abdominal pain because senna leaf may worsen these conditions and be harmful to your health. Consult your physician if you have frequent diarrhea, or if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication or have a medical condition.

Consult your physician if you have frequent diarrhea, or if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication or have a medical condition.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

General Statements

Since 1974 Laxative teas Created by herbalists Relieves occasional constipation

We've got the right stuff We raise the bar. The quality standard of the herbs we use is hard to pronounce, difficult to meet, and it's what makes us different, better. We're not ashamed to say it. Pharmacopoeial: it's the only quality standard our herbalists can rely on when bleeding teas for your health and wellness.

Formula

Senna stimulant laxative

OK

Formulation

Naturally caffeine free

Non GMO Project Verified nongmoproject.com

Certified by the California Certified Organic Farmers (CCOF) All ingredients certified organic

FDA Statement of Identity

Herbal Supplement

Seals/Symbols

Non GMO Project Verified nongmoproject.com

USDA Organic

OK

Certified Circle B Corporation

See for yourself

Organic Smooth Move Peppermint by Traditional Medicinals label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Organic Smooth Move Peppermint by Traditional Medicinals

These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Cup Brewed Tea Dosage formOther (e.g. Tea Bag) Servings per container16 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

All Herbal Ingredients

0 NP per serving
Interaction report

Organic Smooth Move Peppermint by Traditional Medicinals Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Organic Smooth Move Peppermint?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
1,119Drugs
1,059 Moderate 60 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Organic Smooth Move Peppermint with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Organic senna5 drug types · 140 drugs

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with digoxin.
Overuse/abuse of senna increases the risk of adverse effects from cardiac glycosides, such as digoxin, due to potassium depletion.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Overuse of senna might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss and increase the risk for hypokalemia.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, taking senna may interfere with the absorption of exogenous estrogens.
Some preliminary clinical evidence suggests that senna reduces the absorption of estradiol and decreases serum concentrations of estrone and estrone sulfate by decreasing intestinal transit time.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Stimulant Laxatives

Theoretically, senna might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with other stimulant laxatives.
Senna is a stimulant laxative; concomitant use with other stimulant laxatives might compound fluid and electrolyte loss.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, excessive use of senna might increase the effects of warfarin.
Senna has stimulant laxative effects and can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding. In one case report, excessive use of senna for 3 weeks resulted in diarrhea, bloody stools, and an elevated INR of 11.9.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Organic Smooth Move Peppermint, from the product label.

Traditional Medicinals

See all Traditional Medicinals products
Name
Traditional Medicinals
Street Address
4515 Ross Road
City
Sebastopol
State
CA
ZipCode
95472
Phone Number
1-800-543-4372
Web Address
www.traditionalmedicinals.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Organic Smooth Move Peppermint by Traditional Medicinals: Common Questions

Does Organic Smooth Move Peppermint by Traditional Medicinals interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Organic Smooth Move Peppermint has a known interaction with 1,119 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Organic Smooth Move Peppermint contains 2 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is peppermint tea safe if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Peppermint leaf is rated likely safe in pregnancy and lactation. However, licorice in this blend is unsafe in pregnancy and not recommended while breastfeeding, and fennel and senna are possibly unsafe in both. Because this is a blend, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using it during pregnancy or while nursing to make sure it's right for you.
Can I take this every day for constipation?
This product is designed for short-term occasional use, not daily long-term use. Senna, the active laxative ingredient, should not be used daily without medical advice. Extended use can lead to electrolyte imbalance and dependence. If you have chronic constipation, talk with your doctor about the right approach for you.
What does senna actually do?
Senna is a stimulant laxative—it works by triggering your colon to contract and move stool through. It's likely effective for constipation and can be used before medical procedures. It typically works within 6–12 hours and commonly causes cramping and diarrhea.
Will peppermint help with my IBS?
Peppermint is likely effective for IBS symptoms. However, this product also contains senna, a stimulant laxative designed to trigger bowel movements—which may not be what you want if you're managing IBS long-term. If you have IBS, talk with your doctor about whether this blend is the right choice for your situation.
Are there any side effects I should know about?
The most common side effects are abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, nausea, and heartburn. Rare allergic reactions to peppermint or fennel have been reported. If you experience severe abdominal pain, persistent diarrhea, or signs of an allergic reaction, stop using and contact your doctor.
Does this tea have any fillers or other ingredients?
This product lists no inactive ingredients. You're getting just the herbal actives: peppermint, licorice, fennel, and senna in the tea bag.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Organic Smooth Move Peppermint is safe with your meds?

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Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Organic Smooth Move Peppermint label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Organic Smooth Move Peppermint’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Organic Smooth Move Peppermint's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 192 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Peppermint 41 references
  1. Liu JH, Chen GH, Yeh HZ, et al. Enteric-coated peppermint-oil capsules in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective, randomized trial. J Gastroenterol 1997;32:765-8. PubMed
  2. Pittler MH, Ernst E. Peppermint oil for irritable bowel syndrome: a critical review and metaanalysis. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:1131-5. PubMed
  3. Kline RM, Kline JJ, Di Palma J, Barbero GJ. Enteric-coated, pH-dependent peppermint oil capsules for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in children. J Pediatr 2001;138:125-8. PubMed
  4. Madisch A, Heydenreich CJ, Wieland V, et al. Treatment of functional dyspepsia with a fixed peppermint oil and caraway oil combination preparation as compared to cisapride. A multicenter, reference-controlled, double-blind equivalence study. Arzneimittel
  5. May B, Kuntz HD, Kieser M, Kohler S. Efficacy of a fixed peppermint oil/caraway oil combination in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Arzneimittelforschung 1996;46:1149-53.
  6. Micklefield GH, Greving I, May B. Effects of peppermint oil and caraway oil on gastroduodenal motility. Phytother Res 2000;14:20-3. DOI
  7. Morton CA, Garioch J, Todd P, et al. Contact sensitivity to menthol and peppermint in patients with intra-oral symptoms. Contact Dermatitis 1995;32:281-4. PubMed
  8. May B, Kohler S, Schneider B. Efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil in patients suffering from functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000;14:1671-7. PubMed
  9. Nash P, Gould SR, Bernardo DE. Peppermint oil does not relieve the pain of irritable bowel syndrome. Br J Clin Pract 1986;40:292-3. DOI
  10. Rees WD, Evans BK, Rhodes J. Treating irritable bowel syndrome with peppermint oil. Br Med J 1979;2:835-6. PubMed
  11. Davies SJ, Harding LM, Baranowski AP. A novel treatment of postherpetic neuralgia using peppermint oil. Clin J Pain 2002;18:200-2. PubMed
  12. Weston CF. Anal burning and peppermint oil. Postgrad Med J 1987;63:717. PubMed
  13. Dresser GK, Wacher V, Wong S, et al. Evaluation of peppermint oil and ascorbyl palmitate as inhibitors of cytochrome P4503A4 activity in vitro and in vivo. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;72:247-55. PubMed
  14. Wacher VJ, Wong S, Wong HT. Peppermint oil enhances cyclosporine oral bioavailability in rats: comparison with D-alpha-tocopheryl poly(ethylene glycol 1000) succinate (TPGS) and ketoconazole. J Pharm Sci 2002;91:77-90.
  15. Lawson MJ, Knight RE, Tran K, et al. Failure of enteric-coated peppermint oil in the irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized double-blind crossover study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1988;3:235-8. DOI
  16. Unger M, Frank A. Simultaneous determination of the inhibitory potency of herbal extracts on the activity of six major cytochrome P450 enzymes using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and automated online extraction. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2004;1 PubMed
  17. Maliakal PP, Wanwimolruk S. Effect of herbal teas on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001;53:1323-9. PubMed
  18. Rogers SN, Pahor AL. A form of stomatitis induced by excessive peppermint consumption. Dent Update 1995;22:36-7.
  19. Cappello G, Spezzaferro M, Grossi L, et al. Peppermint oil (Mintoil) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective double blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Dig Liver Dis 2007;39:530-6. PubMed
  20. Moghadam BK, Gier R, and Thurlow T. Extensive oral mucosal ulcerations caused by misuse of a commercial mouthwash. Cutis 1999;64:131-134.
  21. Andersen, K. E. Contact allergy to toothpaste flavors. Contact Dermatitis 1978;4(4):195-198. PubMed
  22. Barnard, D. R. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. 1999;36(5):625-629. PubMed
  23. Tamir, S., Davidovich, Z., Attal, P., and Eliashar, R. Peppermint oil chemical burn. Otolaryngol.Head Neck Surg. 2005;133(5):801-802. PubMed
  24. Kalavala, M., Hughes, T. M., Goodwin, R. G., Anstey, A. V., and Stone, N. M. Allergic contact dermatitis to peppermint foot spray. Contact Dermatitis 2007;57(1):57-58. PubMed
  25. Vermaat, H., van Meurs, T., Rustemeyer, T., Bruynzeel, D. P., and Kirtschig, G. Vulval allergic contact dermatitis due to peppermint oil in herbal tea. Contact Dermatitis 2008;58(6):364-365. PubMed
  26. Merat, S., Khalili, S., Mostajabi, P., Ghorbani, A., Ansari, R., and Malekzadeh, R. The effect of enteric-coated, delayed-release peppermint oil on irritable bowel syndrome. Dig.Dis.Sci. 2010;55(5):1385-1390. PubMed
  27. Tran, A., Pratt, M., and DeKoven, J. Acute allergic contact dermatitis of the lips from peppermint oil in a lip balm. Dermatitis 2010;21(2):111-115. DOI
  28. Hitz, Lindenmuller, I and Lambrecht, J. T. Oral care. Curr Probl.Dermatol 2011;40:107-115.
  29. Shavakhi, A., Ardestani, S. K., Taki, M., Goli, M., and Keshteli, A. H. Premedication with peppermint oil capsules in colonoscopy: a double blind placebo-controlled randomized trial study. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2012;75(3):349-353.
  30. Lech, Y., Olesen, K. M., Hey, H., Rask-Pedersen, E., Vilien, M., and Ostergaard, O. [Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with peppermint oil. A double- blind study with a placebo]. Ugeskr.Laeger 10-3-1988;150(40):2388-2389.
  31. Parys, B. T. Chemical burns resulting from contact with peppermint oil mar: a case report. Burns Incl.Therm.Inj. 1983;9(5):374-375. PubMed
  32. Bayat R, Borici-Mazi R. A case of anaphylaxis to peppermint. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2014;10(1):6. PubMed
  33. Rich G, Shah A, Koloski N, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled trial on the effects of Menthacarin, a proprietary peppermint- and caraway-oil-preparation, on symptoms and quality of life in patients with functional dyspepsia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2 PubMed
  34. Douros A, Bronder E, Andersohn F, et al. Herb-Induced Liver Injury in the Berlin Case-Control Surveillance Study. Int J Mol Sci 2016;17(1). PubMed
  35. Begas E, Tsioutsiouliti A, Kouvaras E, et al. Effects of peppermint tea consumption on the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, Xanthine Oxidase, N-acetyltranferase-2 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases-1A1/1A6 in healthy volunteers. Food Chem Toxicol 2017;100:80-9 PubMed
  36. Cash BD, Epstein MS, Shah SM. A Novel Delivery System of Peppermint Oil Is an Effective Therapy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms. Dig Dis Sci 2016;61(2):560-71. PubMed
  37. Elsaie LT, El Mohsen AM, Ibrahim IM, Mohey-Eddin MH, Elsaie ML. Effectiveness of topical peppermint oil on symptomatic treatment of chronic pruritus. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2016;9:333-8. PubMed
  38. Wu J, Xu R, Zhan R, et al. Effective symptomatic treatment for severe and intractable pruritus associated with severe burn-induced hypertrophic scars: A prospective, multicenter, controlled trial. Burns 2016;42(5):1059-66. PubMed
  39. Weerts ZZRM, Masclee AAM, Witteman BJM, et al. Efficacy and safety of peppermint oil in a randomized, double-blind trial of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(1):123-136. PubMed
  40. Nee J, Ballou S, Kelley JM, et al. Peppermint Oil Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2021;116(11):2279-2285. PubMed
  41. Ingrosso MR, Ianiro G, Nee J, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis: efficacy of peppermint oil in irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022;56(6):932-41. PubMed

See these in context on the Peppermint monograph →

Licorice 92 references
  1. Farese RV Jr, Biglieri EG, Shackleton CH, et al. Licorice-induced hypermineralocorticoidism. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1223-7. PubMed
  2. Sigurjonsdottir HA, Ragnarsson J, Franzson L, Sigurdsson G. Is blood pressure commonly raised by moderate consumption of liquorice? J Hum Hypertens 1995;9:345-8.
  3. Armanini D, Lewicka S, Pratesi C, et al. Further studies on the mechanism of the mineralocorticoid action of licorice in humans. J Endocrinol Invest 1996;19:624-9. PubMed
  4. Zhang YD, Lorenzo B, Reidenberg MM. Inhibition of 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase obtained from guinea pig kidney by furosemide, naringenin and some other compounds. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1994;49:81-5.
  5. Strandberg TE, Jarvenpaa AL, Vanhanen H, McKeigue PM. Birth outcome in relation to licorice consumption during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:1085-8. PubMed
  6. Sigurjonsdottir HA, Franzson L, Manhem K, et al. Liquorice-induced rise in blood pressure: a linear dose-response relationship. J Hum Hypertens 2001;15:549-52. PubMed
  7. Amato P, Christophe S, Mellon PL. Estrogenic activity of herbs commonly used as remedies for menopausal symptoms. Menopause 2002;9:145-50. PubMed
  8. Kent UM, Aviram M, Rosenblat M, Hollenberg PF. The licorice root derived isoflavan glabridin inhibits the activities of human cytochrome P450S 3A4, 2B6, and 2C9. Drug Metab Dispos 2002;30:709-15.. PubMed
  9. Yoshida S, Takayama Y. Licorice-induced hypokalemia as a treatable cause of dropped head syndrome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2003;105:286-7.. PubMed
  10. Strandberg TE, Andersson S, Jarvenpaa AL, et al. Preterm birth and licorice consumption during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:803-5.. PubMed
  11. Hussain RM. The sweet cake that reaches parts other cakes can't! Postgrad Med J 2003;79:115-6.. PubMed
  12. Morris DJ, Davis E, Latif SA. Licorice, tobacco chewing, and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1990;322:849-50. PubMed
  13. Quinkler M, Stewart PM. Hypertension and the cortisol-cortisone shuttle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2384-92. PubMed
  14. Westman EC, Guthrie GP. Licorice, tobacco chewing, and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1990;322:850. PubMed
  15. Mu Y, Zhang J, Zhang S, et al. Traditional Chinese medicines Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra chinensis Baill) and Gan Cao (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) activate pregnane X receptor and increase warfarin clearance in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;316:1369-77. PubMed
  16. Yasue H, Itoh T, Mizuno Y, Harada E. Severe hypokalemia, rhabdomyolysis, muscle paralysis, and respiratory impairment in a hypertensive patient taking herbal medicines containing licorice. Intern Med 2007;46:575-8. PubMed
  17. Brayley J, Jones J. Life-threatening hypokalemia associated with excessive licorice ingestion (letter). Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:617-8. PubMed
  18. de Klerk GJ, Nieuwenhuis G, Beutler JJ. Hypokalaemia and hypertension associated with use of liquorice flavoured chewing gum. BMJ 1997;314:731-2.
  19. Dellow EL, Unwin RJ, Honour JW. Pontefract cakes can be bad for you: refractory hypertension and liquorice excess. Nephol Dial Transplant 1999;14:218-20. PubMed
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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