Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 2 of 4 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Tropical Oasis

Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Fat/fatty Acid
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 30, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor is a dietary supplement by Tropical Oasis with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for bone health and osteoporosis, correcting vitamin d deficiency, immune system support.Based on those ingredients, 945 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Vitamin D, Vitamin A. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor by Tropical Oasis

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor by Tropical Oasis — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor by Tropical Oasis

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (1,144 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This prenatal liquid contains four active ingredients: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are omega-3 fatty acids, plus total omega-3 fatty acids as a blend, and vitamin D. The product also contains several inactive ingredients, including cod liver oil and natural lemon flavor, that give it form and taste.

EPA and DHA are long-chain omega-3s commonly sourced from fish oils and used in prenatal supplements to support fetal development. Vitamin D plays a role in bone health, calcium absorption, and immune function — especially important during pregnancy when your body's demands increase.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Familial hypophosphatemia — rated "Effective" (Vitamin D) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Osteomalacia — rated "Effective" (Vitamin D) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Renal osteodystrophy — rated "Effective" (Vitamin D) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Rickets — rated "Effective" (Vitamin D) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Vitamin A deficiency — rated "Effective" (Vitamin A) (Natural Medicines).

Vitamin D is effective for treating rickets, osteomalacia (soft bones from vitamin D deficiency), renal bone disease, and hypoparathyroidism — conditions where the body can't maintain proper calcium or vitamin D metabolism. Vitamin A is effective for vitamin A deficiency and possibly effective for oral leukoplakia, aging skin, measles, ulcerative colitis, and a chronic lung condition in premature infants.

For the omega-3 ingredients (EPA, DHA), the evidence on file does not establish effectiveness ratings, so we cannot comment on their benefit for pregnancy or general health from our data.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin D Vitamin A

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Vitamin D is generally well tolerated at recommended doses, but excessive amounts over time can cause toxicity — symptoms include high blood calcium (hypercalcemia), kidney damage, and anemia. Vitamin A is also generally well tolerated at recommended amounts, but it builds up in your body and high doses can be toxic, causing liver damage, headache, skin problems, and in rare cases, pseudotumor cerebri (dangerous brain swelling).

The safety data notes that vitamin D is often used during pregnancy at recommended doses under medical guidance. Vitamin A at normal dietary and recommended supplement amounts is appropriate in pregnancy, but high doses — especially the retinol form — can cause birth defects and should be avoided.

For breastfeeding, vitamin A is noted as likely safe at recommended amounts but possibly unsafe at high doses; comparable breastfeeding data for vitamin D is not on file, so talk with your doctor or pharmacist about your dose.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin D Vitamin A

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Vitamin D, Vitamin A.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; heart-rhythm medications.
  • For scale: 946 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before starting this product, double-check your medications for interactions with vitamin A and vitamin D. Watch for retinoids (Major severity — absolute conflict), then blood thinners like warfarin, drugs that damage the liver, tetracycline antibiotics, thiazide diuretics, heart medications like verapamil, diltiazem, and digoxin, cholesterol drugs like atorvastatin, and any medications your liver breaks down (ask your pharmacist if you're unsure).

We could not check the omega-3 ingredients in our data.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This prenatal is designed to deliver omega-3s and vitamins important during pregnancy, but it carries real medication interactions — especially with blood thinners, heart drugs, and certain antibiotics. If you take any prescription medications, check them against the list below before starting.

Talk with your doctor before taking this product, particularly about vitamin A and D doses if you're pregnant or breastfeeding.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 22, 2020.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor, straight from the product label.

Brand Tropical Oasis
Barcode (UPC) 617279231433
Net contents 16 Fluid Ounce(s); 480 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD May 22, 2020
DSLD ID 219337
Product type Fat/fatty Acid
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Pregnant Women, Adult Female (18 - 50 Years), Lactating, Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor by Tropical Oasis, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Pregnant and Lactating
Minimum serving Sizes:
5 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
5 mL
Servings per container
90
UPC/BARCODE
617279231433
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories40 Calorie(s)--
Calories from Fat40 Calorie(s)--
Eicosapentaenoic Acid550 mg--
Docosahexaenoic Acid510 mg--
Trans Fat0 Gram(s)--
Cholesterol15 mg5%
Total Fat4.5 Gram(s)6%
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids1144 mg--
Saturated Fat0.5 Gram(s)2.5%
Vitamin D6.25 mcg29%
Vitamin A750 mcg RAE77%

Other ingredients: Cod Liver Oil, Gadus Morhua, Sardine, Herring, Anchovy, Mackerel, natural Lemon flavor

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Seals/Symbols

Double checked Highest quality standard Official certification

Made in the USA

Purity Potency Safety Guarantee 3rd party tested

Certified by an independent laboratory GMP

General

Take your liquid daily vitamins for better absorption.

Formulation

Gluten free

No artificial flavors or colors.

Unconditionally guaranteed.

Better ingredients + better absorption Healthy brain development Healthy fetal development Boosts immune system

GMP Certified All of our products are manufactured in our state of the art GMP certified facility. Absorption 96% liquids 18% pills Research has shown that particles suspended in liquid form are much more readily absorbed by the body, thus offering more positive health benefits.

Precautions

Caution: Keep out of reach of children.

Do not use if safety seal is damaged or missing.

If pregnant, nursing or on medication, consult with your healthcare practitioner prior to use.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Shake well before using.

Suggested use: As a dietary supplement, take 1 teaspoon daily.

Storage

Refrigerate after opening to preserve taste. Avoid daily sunlight.

General Statements

Your vitamins for life

Formula

For pregnant & lactating women

1,144 mg omega-3

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor by Tropical Oasis label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor by Tropical Oasis

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size5 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container90 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids

1144 mg per serving
  • › Eicosapentaenoic Acid
  • › Docosahexaenoic Acid

Vitamin D

Interacts with
715 drugs
6.25 mcg per serving Form: Cholecalciferol, Vitamin D3

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function. Many people,...

Vitamin D monograph & interactions

Vitamin A

Interacts with
387 drugs
750 mcg RAE per serving Form: Cod Liver Oil

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplemen...

Vitamin A monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Cod Liver Oil, Gadus Morhua, Sardine, Herring, Anchovy, Mackerel, Natural Lemon flavor. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor by Tropical Oasis Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
945Drugs
9 Major 450 Moderate 486 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Vitamin D 715
Vitamin A 387

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor interact with 945 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 4 ingredients in Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Vitamin D Vitamin A

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Vitamin D8 drug types · 715 drugs

Aluminum

Vitamin D might increase aluminum absorption and toxicity, but this has only been reported in people with renal failure.
The protein that transports calcium across the intestinal wall can also bind and transport aluminum. This protein is stimulated by vitamin D, which may therefore increase aluminum absorption. This mechanism may contribute to increased aluminum levels and toxicity in people with renal failure, when they take vitamin D and aluminum-containing phosphate binders chronically.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Vitamin D might reduce absorption of atorvastatin.
A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%. However, while atorvastatin levels decreased, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels did not substantially change. Atorvastatin is metabolized in the gut by CYP3A4 enzymes, and researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, causing reduced levels of atorvastatin. However, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Calcipotriene (Dovonex)

Taking calcipotriene with vitamin D increases the risk for hypercalcemia.
Calcipotriene is a vitamin D analog used topically for psoriasis. It can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to cause systemic effects, including hypercalcemia. Theoretically, combining calcipotriene with vitamin D supplements might increase the risk of hypercalcemia.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of arrhythmia from digoxin.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia increases the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias with digoxin. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and digoxin concurrently.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Others)

Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of diltiazem for arrhythmia.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically this could also occur with diltiazem. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and diltiazem concurrently.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Thiazide Diuretics

Theoretically, taking thiazide diuretics and high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of hypercalcemia.
Thiazide diuretics decrease urinary calcium excretion, which could lead to hypercalcemia if vitamin D supplements are taken concurrently. This has been reported in people being treated with vitamin D for hypoparathyroidism, and also in elderly people with normal parathyroid function who were taking a thiazide, vitamin D, and calcium-containing antacids daily.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Verapamil (Calan, Others)

Hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of verapamil for arrhythmia.
Hypercalcemia due to high doses of vitamin D can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and verapamil concurrently.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
There is some concern that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4. In vitro research suggests that vitamin D induces CYP3A4 transcription. Additionally, observational research has found that increased UV light exposure and serum vitamin D levels are associated with decreased serum levels of CYP3A4 substrates such as tacrolimus and sirolimus, while no association between UV light exposure or vitamin D levels and levels of mycophenolic acid, a non-CYP3A4 substrate, was found. A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of the CYP3A4 substrate atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%; however, the clinical effects of atorvastatin were not reduced. While researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Vitamin D full monograph & interactions

Vitamin A4 drug types · 387 drugs

Retinoids

Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Retinoids, which are vitamin A derivatives, could have additive toxic effects when taken with vitamin A supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
The tolerable upper intake level (UL) is the highest level of intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects. Doses of vitamin A above the UL can cause hepatotoxicity, ranging from elevated liver enzymes to liver failure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence C
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, taking tetracycline antibiotics with high doses of vitamin A can increase the risk of pseudotumor cerebri.
Benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) can occur with tetracyclines and with acute or chronic vitamin A toxicity. Case reports suggest that taking tetracyclines and vitamin A concurrently can increase the risk of this condition. Avoid high doses of vitamin A in people taking tetracyclines chronically.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, high doses of vitamin A could increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Vitamin A toxicity is associated with hemorrhage and hypoprothrombinemia, possibly due to vitamin K antagonism. Advise patients taking warfarin to avoid doses of vitamin A above the tolerable upper intake level of 10,000 IU/day for adults.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Vitamin A full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor, from the product label.

Tropical Oasis

See all Tropical Oasis products
Name
Tropical Oasis
Street Address
1300 Hutton Drive, Plant #110
City
Carrolton
State
TX
ZipCode
75006
Web Address
www.tropicaloasis.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor by Tropical Oasis: Common Questions

Does Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor by Tropical Oasis interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor has a known interaction with 945 medications, including 9 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this prenatal supplement if I'm pregnant?
Vitamin D at recommended doses is often used during pregnancy under medical guidance. Vitamin A at normal dietary and recommended supplement amounts is also used in pregnancy, but high doses — especially retinol — can cause birth defects. Talk with your doctor before starting to confirm the doses in this product are right for you.
Is this safe while breastfeeding?
Vitamin A is likely safe at recommended amounts while breastfeeding, though high doses are possibly unsafe. We don't have breastfeeding safety data on file for vitamin D, so check with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product and its dose are appropriate for you.
What does vitamin D do in a prenatal supplement?
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and supports bone health and immune function — both important during pregnancy when your body's needs increase.
Can I take too much of this supplement?
Yes. Very high doses of vitamin D over time can cause toxicity with symptoms like high blood calcium, kidney damage, and anemia. High doses of vitamin A also build up in your body and can cause liver damage, headache, and skin problems. Take only as directed on the label or as your doctor recommends.
What are EPA and DHA?
EPA and DHA are omega-3 fatty acids sourced from fish oils. They're commonly included in prenatal supplements because they're thought to support fetal development, though we don't have effectiveness ratings for them in our data.
Does this product have fillers?
This product contains several inactive ingredients, including cod liver oil and natural lemon flavor, that support the liquid form and taste. We have no data showing this product contains no inactive ingredients.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin D

Interacts with 715 drugs

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function. Many people, especially those with low sun exposure,...

Read the full Vitamin D monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin A

Interacts with 387 drugs

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplements are mainly useful for correcting a tr...

Read the full Vitamin A monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Prenatal DHA Natural Lemon Flavor's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 57 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Vitamin D 26 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Tatro DS, ed. Drug Interactions Facts. Facts and Comparisons Inc., St. Louis, MO. 1999.
  3. Koutkia P, Chen TC, Holick MF. Vitamin D intoxication associated with an over-the-counter supplement. N Engl J Med 2001;345:66-7. PubMed
  4. Bar-Or D, Yoel G. Calcium and calciferol antagonize effect of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Br Med J 1981;282:1585-6.
  5. Demontis R, Leflon A, Fournier A, et al. 1 alpha(OH) vitamin D3 increases plasma aluminum in hemodialyzed patients taking AI(OH)3. Clin Nephrol 1986;26:146-9.
  6. Crowe M, Wollner L, Griffiths RA. Hypercalcemia following vitamin D and thiazide therapy in the elderly. Practitioner 1984;228:312-3.
  7. Parfitt AM. Thiazide-induced hypercalcemia in vitamin D-treated hypoparathyroidism. Ann Intern Med 1972;77:557-63. PubMed
  8. Thiazide diuretics and the risk of osteoporosis. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter 2003;19(11):191105.
  9. Moon J. The role of vitamin D in toxic metal absorption. J Am Coll Nutr 1994;13:559-64.
  10. Demontis R, Reissi D, Noel C, et al. Indirect clinical evidence that 1alphaOH vitamin D<SUB>3</SUB> increases the intestinal absorption of aluminum. Clin Nephrol 1989;31:123-7.
  11. Adler AJ, Berlyne GM. Duodenal aluminum absorption in the rat: effect of vitamin D. Am J Physiol 1985;249:G209-13. PubMed
  12. Schwartz JB. Effects of vitamin D supplementation in atorvastatin-treated patients: A new drug interaction with an unexpected consequence. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009;85:198-203. PubMed
  13. Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Institute of Medicine, November 30, 2010. Available at: http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2010/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-for-Calcium-and-Vitamin-D/Vitamin%20D%20and%20Calcium%202010%20Repo
  14. Cox KA, Dunn MA. Aluminum toxicity alters the regulation of calbindin-D28k protein and mRNA expression in chick intestine. J Nutr 2001;131:2007-13. PubMed
  15. Escribano, J., Balaguer, A., Pagone, F., Feliu, A., and Roque, I. Figuls. Pharmacological interventions for preventing complications in idiopathic hypercalciuria. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2009;(1):CD004754. PubMed
  16. Carlton, S., Clopton, D., and Cappuzzo, K. A. Vitamin D deficiency: appropriate replenishment therapies and the effects of vitamin D toxicity. Consult Pharm 2010;25(3):171-177. PubMed
  17. Wang, H., Xia, N., Yang, Y., and Peng, D. Q. Influence of vitamin D supplementation on plasma lipid profiles: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lipids Health Dis. 2012;11:42. PubMed
  18. Turner AN, Carr Reese P, Fields KS, Anderson J, Ervin M, Davis JA, Fichorova RN, Roberts MW, Klebanoff MA, Jackson RD. A blinded, randomized controlled trial of high-dose vitamin D supplementation to reduce recurrence of bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet G PubMed
  19. Weiner M, Epstein FH. Signs and symptoms of electrolyte disorders. Yale J Biol Med. 1970;43(2):76-109.
  20. Lappe J, Watson P, Travers-Gustafson D, Recker R, Garland C, Gorham E, Baggerly K, McDonnell SL. Effect of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Cancer Incidence in Older Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017 Mar 28;317(12):1234-1243. PubMed
  21. Roth DE, Leung M, Mesfin E, Qamar H, Watterworth J, Papp E. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: state of the evidence from a systematic review of randomised trials. BMJ. 2017;359:j5237. PubMed
  22. Murai IH, Fernandes AL, Sales LP, et al. Effect of a single high dose of vitamin D3 on hospital length of stay in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021.
  23. Wang Z, Schuetz EG, Xu Y, Thummel KE. Interplay between vitamin D and the drug metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013;136:54-8. PubMed
  24. Doyle D, Browne U, Brickley A, Murphy D. Vitamin D-induced hypercalcaemia and acute kidney injury in sarcoidosis. BMJ Case Rep 2023;16(1):e250580. PubMed
  25. Williamson A, Martineau AR, Sheikh A, Jolliffe D, Griffiths CJ. Vitamin D for the management of asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023;2(2):CD011511. PubMed
  26. Kinesya E, Santoso D, Gde Arya N, et al. Vitamin D as adjuvant therapy for diabetic foot ulcers: Systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023;54:137-143. PubMed

See these in context on the Vitamin D monograph →

Vitamin A 31 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Griffiths JK. The vitamin A paradox. J Pediatr 2000;137:604-7.. PubMed
  3. Hardman JG, Limbird LL, Molinoff PB, eds. Goodman and Gillman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996.
  4. Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
  5. FDA Talk Paper. Vitamin A and birth defects (T95-56). Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. October 6, 1995.
  6. Russell RM. The vitamin A spectrum: from deficiency to toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:878-84. PubMed
  7. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  8. Feskanich D, Singh V, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Vitamin A intake and hip fractures among postmenopausal women. JAMA 2002;287:47-54. PubMed
  9. Melhus H, Michaelsson K, Kindmark A, et al. Excessive dietary intake of vitamin A is associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased risk for hip fracture. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:770-8. PubMed
  10. Michaelsson K, Lithell H, Vessby B, Melhus H. Serum retinol levels and the risk of fracture. N Engl J Med 2003;348:287-94.. PubMed
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See these in context on the Vitamin A monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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