Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 1 of 4 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Prenatal DHA Strawberry Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Nordic Naturals

Softgel Capsule Category: Fat/fatty Acid
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Prenatal DHA Strawberry is a dietary supplement by Nordic Naturals with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for bone health and osteoporosis, correcting vitamin d deficiency, immune system support.Based on those ingredients, 715 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Vitamin D3. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Prenatal DHA Strawberry by Nordic Naturals

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Total Omega-3s” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (830 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Prenatal DHA Strawberry has 4 active ingredients: two omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), vitamin D3, and a blend labeled "Total Omega-3s." The omega-3s are the main components—they're the fats your baby's brain and eyes develop with. Vitamin D supports bone health and calcium absorption for both you and your growing baby.

The softgel also contains inactive ingredients like fish oil, gelatin, glycerin, and vitamin E to protect the oil from breaking down.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use — see Vitamin D's own graded uses on its monograph.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: DHA support for fetal brain and visual development.
  • We looked for evidence on: Infant development, Low birth weight, Fetal and premature infant mortality, Prematurity, Preterm labor, Fetal development — and 3 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Vitamin D is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Low birth weight (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Vitamin D is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Preterm labor, Fetal and premature infant mortality, Prematurity, Infant development.

Vitamin D is proven effective for preventing and treating rickets, osteomalacia (soft bones), familial hypophosphatemia, renal bone disease, and hypoparathyroidism. The evidence base for the omega-3 fatty acids in prenatal nutrition isn't covered in the data we hold, so we can't speak to their documented effectiveness from our records.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin D

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 1 of the 1 matched ingredient.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 1 of 1.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 1 of 1.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Vitamin D is generally well tolerated at recommended doses—the kind used in prenatal vitamins is designed to be safe during pregnancy. But very high doses over time can build up and cause toxicity, with symptoms like high blood calcium (hypercalcemia), eye inflammation, or too much bone loss.

The safety notes advise using vitamin D during pregnancy only under your doctor's guidance. Serious side effects are rare at normal doses, but excessive supplementation can cause trouble.

We have no pregnancy or lactation safety data on file for the omega-3 ingredients in this product.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin D

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 1 of the 1 matched ingredient can interact with medications — Vitamin D.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: heart-rhythm medications.
  • For scale: 716 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you take this, double-check if you're on thiazide diuretics (water pills), verapamil, diltiazem, or digoxin for your heart, atorvastatin for cholesterol, or calcipotriene for psoriasis—these are Moderate interactions with the vitamin D. If you have kidney disease or take aluminum-containing products, mention that to your pharmacist too.

For the omega-3 ingredients, we don't hold interaction data.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This prenatal supplement is a common choice for omega-3 and vitamin D support in pregnancy. If you're on blood pressure pills, heart rhythm medications, cholesterol drugs, or anything for kidney disease, check with your pharmacist before starting—the vitamin D could matter.

Otherwise, at recommended prenatal doses, vitamin D is generally considered safe under your doctor's care.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 1 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 18, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Prenatal DHA Strawberry, straight from the product label.

Brand Nordic Naturals
Barcode (UPC) 768990017520
Net contents 120 Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jul 18, 2023
DSLD ID 288762
Product type Fat/fatty Acid
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Pregnant Women, Adult Female (18 - 50 Years), Lactating, Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Prenatal DHA Strawberry by Nordic Naturals, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Pregnant and Lactating
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
768990017520
IngredientAmount% DV
Eicosapentaenoic Acid205 mg--
Docosahexaenoic Acid480 mg--
Trans Fat0 Gram(s)--
Total Fat1 Gram(s)1%
Vitamin D310 mcg67%
Saturated Fat0 Gram(s)--
Calories10 Calorie(s)--
Total Omega-3s830 mg--
Other Omega-3s0 NP--

Other ingredients: purified deep sea Fish Oil, Gelatin, Glycerin, Water, Natural flavor, Natural flavor, RRR-Alpha Tocopherol, Vitamin D3

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

Research shows that healthy DHA levels in mothers during pregnancy and lactation support optimal brain and visual development in babies. Prenatal DHA also provides mood support for mothers before, during, and after pregnancy in small, easy-to-swallow soft gels.

American Pregnancy Association Official Omega-3

Great strawberry taste 830 mg Omega-3 400 IU vitamin D3

Research shows that healthy DHA levels in mothers during pregnancy and lactation support optimal brain and visual development in babies. Prenatal DHA also provides mood support for mothers before, during, and after pregnancy in small, easy-to-swallow soft gels.

Less than 5 mg of Cholesterol per serving.

Formulation

Certified sustainable Superior absorption No fishy aftertaste

This product and its ingredients do not contain common GE genes or proteins. Visit igenprogram.com Non GMO

Prenatal DHA supports brain development in babies during pregnancy

No gluten, milk derivatives, or artificial colors or flavors.

Fish oil processed in Norway

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Two soft gels daily, with food, or as directed by your health care professional.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place, away from sunlight.

Precautions

Do not take if tamper-evident seal is broken or missing.

Keep out of reach of children.

Warning: Consult with your physician before taking this product if you have a known medical condition, are taking medications (including blood thinners), or if you are allergic to iodine.

Warning: Consult with your physician before taking this product if you have a known medical condition, are taking medications (including blood thinners), or if you are allergic to iodine.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

General Statements

#1 Fish Oil brand in the USA Based on ClearCut, Nielsen, and SPINS annual sales data in the U.S.

Bonus size

Please recycle this container

Seals/Symbols

3rd Party Purity Tested IGEN Non-GMO tested Friend of the Sea Certified sustainable

FDA Statement of Identity

Fish Oil Supplement

See for yourself

Prenatal DHA Strawberry by Nordic Naturals label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Prenatal DHA Strawberry by Nordic Naturals

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Vitamin D3

Interacts with
715 drugs
10 mcg per serving Form: Cholecalciferol

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function. Many people,...

Vitamin D3 monograph & interactions

Total Omega-3s

830 mg per serving
  • › Eicosapentaenoic Acid
  • › Docosahexaenoic Acid
  • › Other Omega-3s

Other (inactive) ingredients: Purified deep sea Fish Oil, Gelatin, Glycerin, Water, Natural flavor, Natural flavor, RRR-Alpha Tocopherol, Vitamin D3. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Prenatal DHA Strawberry by Nordic Naturals Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Prenatal DHA Strawberry?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
715Drugs
80 Moderate 635 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Prenatal DHA Strawberry with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Vitamin D38 drug types · 715 drugs

Aluminum

Vitamin D might increase aluminum absorption and toxicity, but this has only been reported in people with renal failure.
The protein that transports calcium across the intestinal wall can also bind and transport aluminum. This protein is stimulated by vitamin D, which may therefore increase aluminum absorption. This mechanism may contribute to increased aluminum levels and toxicity in people with renal failure, when they take vitamin D and aluminum-containing phosphate binders chronically.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Vitamin D might reduce absorption of atorvastatin.
A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%. However, while atorvastatin levels decreased, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels did not substantially change. Atorvastatin is metabolized in the gut by CYP3A4 enzymes, and researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, causing reduced levels of atorvastatin. However, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Calcipotriene (Dovonex)

Taking calcipotriene with vitamin D increases the risk for hypercalcemia.
Calcipotriene is a vitamin D analog used topically for psoriasis. It can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to cause systemic effects, including hypercalcemia. Theoretically, combining calcipotriene with vitamin D supplements might increase the risk of hypercalcemia.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of arrhythmia from digoxin.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia increases the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias with digoxin. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and digoxin concurrently.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Others)

Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of diltiazem for arrhythmia.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically this could also occur with diltiazem. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and diltiazem concurrently.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Thiazide Diuretics

Theoretically, taking thiazide diuretics and high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of hypercalcemia.
Thiazide diuretics decrease urinary calcium excretion, which could lead to hypercalcemia if vitamin D supplements are taken concurrently. This has been reported in people being treated with vitamin D for hypoparathyroidism, and also in elderly people with normal parathyroid function who were taking a thiazide, vitamin D, and calcium-containing antacids daily.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Verapamil (Calan, Others)

Hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of verapamil for arrhythmia.
Hypercalcemia due to high doses of vitamin D can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and verapamil concurrently.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
There is some concern that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4. In vitro research suggests that vitamin D induces CYP3A4 transcription. Additionally, observational research has found that increased UV light exposure and serum vitamin D levels are associated with decreased serum levels of CYP3A4 substrates such as tacrolimus and sirolimus, while no association between UV light exposure or vitamin D levels and levels of mycophenolic acid, a non-CYP3A4 substrate, was found. A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of the CYP3A4 substrate atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%; however, the clinical effects of atorvastatin were not reduced. While researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Prenatal DHA Strawberry, from the product label.

Nordic Naturals

See all Nordic Naturals products
Name
Nordic Naturals, Mfg.
Street Address
111 Jennings Drive
City
Watsonville
State
CA
ZipCode
95076
Phone Number
800.662.2544
Web Address
nordic.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Prenatal DHA Strawberry by Nordic Naturals: Common Questions

Does Prenatal DHA Strawberry by Nordic Naturals interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Prenatal DHA Strawberry has a known interaction with 715 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Prenatal DHA Strawberry contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is it safe to take this while I'm pregnant?
Vitamin D at recommended prenatal doses is often used during pregnancy, but only under your doctor's guidance—that's important because very high doses can accumulate and cause problems. We don't have pregnancy safety data on file for the omega-3 ingredients, so talk with your doctor about whether this product is right for you.
Can I take this while breastfeeding?
Vitamin D at recommended amounts is generally considered acceptable while breastfeeding; check with your doctor about higher doses. We don't hold safety data for the omega-3 ingredients during lactation, so ask your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice.
What are the omega-3s in here for?
The eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are omega-3 fatty acids—they're the fats your baby's brain and eyes develop with during pregnancy. That's why they're in prenatal supplements.
Can too much vitamin D hurt me?
Yes—very high doses over a long time can cause vitamin D toxicity. Symptoms include high blood calcium (which can cause bone loss, eye problems, or kidney issues) and, in children, slower growth. Stick to the recommended dose on the label.
Does this have any fillers?
It has inactive ingredients like fish oil, gelatin, glycerin, and vitamin E. These are there to protect the omega-3 oils and hold the softgel together—they're standard in this type of capsule.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Prenatal DHA Strawberry is safe with your meds?

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Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Prenatal DHA Strawberry label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Prenatal DHA Strawberry’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Prenatal DHA Strawberry's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 26 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Vitamin D 26 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Tatro DS, ed. Drug Interactions Facts. Facts and Comparisons Inc., St. Louis, MO. 1999.
  3. Koutkia P, Chen TC, Holick MF. Vitamin D intoxication associated with an over-the-counter supplement. N Engl J Med 2001;345:66-7. PubMed
  4. Bar-Or D, Yoel G. Calcium and calciferol antagonize effect of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Br Med J 1981;282:1585-6.
  5. Demontis R, Leflon A, Fournier A, et al. 1 alpha(OH) vitamin D3 increases plasma aluminum in hemodialyzed patients taking AI(OH)3. Clin Nephrol 1986;26:146-9.
  6. Crowe M, Wollner L, Griffiths RA. Hypercalcemia following vitamin D and thiazide therapy in the elderly. Practitioner 1984;228:312-3.
  7. Parfitt AM. Thiazide-induced hypercalcemia in vitamin D-treated hypoparathyroidism. Ann Intern Med 1972;77:557-63. PubMed
  8. Thiazide diuretics and the risk of osteoporosis. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter 2003;19(11):191105.
  9. Moon J. The role of vitamin D in toxic metal absorption. J Am Coll Nutr 1994;13:559-64.
  10. Demontis R, Reissi D, Noel C, et al. Indirect clinical evidence that 1alphaOH vitamin D<SUB>3</SUB> increases the intestinal absorption of aluminum. Clin Nephrol 1989;31:123-7.
  11. Adler AJ, Berlyne GM. Duodenal aluminum absorption in the rat: effect of vitamin D. Am J Physiol 1985;249:G209-13. PubMed
  12. Schwartz JB. Effects of vitamin D supplementation in atorvastatin-treated patients: A new drug interaction with an unexpected consequence. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009;85:198-203. PubMed
  13. Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Institute of Medicine, November 30, 2010. Available at: http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2010/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-for-Calcium-and-Vitamin-D/Vitamin%20D%20and%20Calcium%202010%20Repo
  14. Cox KA, Dunn MA. Aluminum toxicity alters the regulation of calbindin-D28k protein and mRNA expression in chick intestine. J Nutr 2001;131:2007-13. PubMed
  15. Escribano, J., Balaguer, A., Pagone, F., Feliu, A., and Roque, I. Figuls. Pharmacological interventions for preventing complications in idiopathic hypercalciuria. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2009;(1):CD004754. PubMed
  16. Carlton, S., Clopton, D., and Cappuzzo, K. A. Vitamin D deficiency: appropriate replenishment therapies and the effects of vitamin D toxicity. Consult Pharm 2010;25(3):171-177. PubMed
  17. Wang, H., Xia, N., Yang, Y., and Peng, D. Q. Influence of vitamin D supplementation on plasma lipid profiles: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lipids Health Dis. 2012;11:42. PubMed
  18. Turner AN, Carr Reese P, Fields KS, Anderson J, Ervin M, Davis JA, Fichorova RN, Roberts MW, Klebanoff MA, Jackson RD. A blinded, randomized controlled trial of high-dose vitamin D supplementation to reduce recurrence of bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet G PubMed
  19. Weiner M, Epstein FH. Signs and symptoms of electrolyte disorders. Yale J Biol Med. 1970;43(2):76-109.
  20. Lappe J, Watson P, Travers-Gustafson D, Recker R, Garland C, Gorham E, Baggerly K, McDonnell SL. Effect of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Cancer Incidence in Older Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017 Mar 28;317(12):1234-1243. PubMed
  21. Roth DE, Leung M, Mesfin E, Qamar H, Watterworth J, Papp E. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: state of the evidence from a systematic review of randomised trials. BMJ. 2017;359:j5237. PubMed
  22. Murai IH, Fernandes AL, Sales LP, et al. Effect of a single high dose of vitamin D3 on hospital length of stay in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021.
  23. Wang Z, Schuetz EG, Xu Y, Thummel KE. Interplay between vitamin D and the drug metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013;136:54-8. PubMed
  24. Doyle D, Browne U, Brickley A, Murphy D. Vitamin D-induced hypercalcaemia and acute kidney injury in sarcoidosis. BMJ Case Rep 2023;16(1):e250580. PubMed
  25. Williamson A, Martineau AR, Sheikh A, Jolliffe D, Griffiths CJ. Vitamin D for the management of asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023;2(2):CD011511. PubMed
  26. Kinesya E, Santoso D, Gde Arya N, et al. Vitamin D as adjuvant therapy for diabetic foot ulcers: Systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023;54:137-143. PubMed

See these in context on the Vitamin D monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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