Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Probiotic Defense Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by NOW

Probiotic Defense label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Probiotic Defense against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Probiotic Defense is a dietary supplement by NOW with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for digestive health and balance, diarrhea (including antibiotic-related), vaginal yeast and bacterial infections.Based on those ingredients, 1,392 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Probiotic Defense Blend. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Probiotic Defense by NOW

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Probiotic Defense by NOW — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Probiotic Defense by NOW

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 19 active ingredients.
  • “Freeze-dried Probiotic Strains” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “Fermented Greens” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “Super Green Foods” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

Probiotic Defense contains 19 ingredients, with 10 active probiotic bacterial and yeast strains and botanical extracts. The live bacteria include Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus brevis.

You'll also find Saccharomyces boulardii, a beneficial yeast. The botanical actives are alfalfa, oat grass, wheat grass, barley, and kelp.

The remaining ingredients are inactive—fillers and binders like hypromellose, stearic acid, inulin (a prebiotic fiber), chicory, and silica.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: support gastrointestinal and digestive health.
  • We looked for evidence on: Abdominal pain, Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridioides difficile infection, Colic, Constipation, Crohn disease — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Saccharomyces Boulardii is rated "Possibly Effective" for Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Saccharomyces Boulardii is rated "Possibly Effective" for Helicobacter pylori, Rotaviral diarrhea, Travelers' diarrhea, Clostridioides difficile infection.
  • Also on file: Lactobacillus Acidophilus is rated "Possibly Effective" for Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Helicobacter pylori.

The evidence for most of these ingredients is limited. Lactobacillus acidophilus shows "Possibly Effective" for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Helicobacter pylori infection, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and bacterial vaginosis.

Saccharomyces boulardii is "Possibly Effective" for rotavirus diarrhea, travelers' diarrhea, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, necrotizing enterocolitis, Clostridioides difficile infection, and Helicobacter pylori. Oat grass and barley are both "Likely Effective" for high cholesterol and heart disease risk.

For most other claimed uses—like age-related cognitive decline, hay fever, asthma, anxiety, and diabetes—the evidence is insufficient to rate, meaning we don't have enough reliable data to know if these ingredients help.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Lactobacillus Acidophilus

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 8 of the 9 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 9 of 9.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 9 of 9.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

The probiotic strains in this formula are generally well tolerated in healthy people, though you should use caution if you're seriously ill or have a weakened immune system. In rare cases, Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus acidophilus have caused blood infections (bacteremia) in critically ill patients, particularly preterm infants.

Saccharomyces boulardii, though rare, has also caused fungal blood infections in hospitalized patients. Common side effects are mild and gastrointestinal—abdominal discomfort, bloating, flatulence, and diarrhea occur rarely with the bacterial strains and sometimes with the botanical ingredients.

Alfalfa carries a risk of lupus-like syndrome with long-term use and has estrogen-like activity; the safety data advises against it in supplement amounts during pregnancy. Limited safety data exist for alfalfa while breastfeeding.

Wheat grass and barley supplements have not been well studied in pregnancy or breastfeeding, so these are best avoided in those settings. Oat grass and barley as foods are considered safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding, but concentrated supplements are less studied.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Lactobacillus Acidophilus

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 8 of the 9 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Alfalfa, Saccharomyces Boulardii, Fucus Vesiculosus, Lactobacillus Acidophilus, Barley, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,393 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your pharmacist before using this product if you take warfarin or other blood thinners (Major interaction). At Moderate severity, you'll want to verify: antibiotic drugs, antidiabetes drugs, insulin, birth control pills, estrogen or hormone therapy, immunosuppressant medications, photosensitizing drugs, and triclabendazole.

Antifungal drugs show a Minor interaction. If you take any of these, use the medication checker below or call us before starting.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This is a multi-strain probiotic blend with some botanical support for digestive and general wellness. It may be worth considering if you have IBS, take antibiotics, or want extra digestive support—but it's not appropriate if you take warfarin, are critically ill, or have a severely compromised immune system.

Talk to your pharmacist if you take any blood thinners, diabetes medications, antibiotics, birth control, hormone therapy, or immunosuppressants before you start.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 10 of 19 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 24, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Probiotic Defense, straight from the product label.

Brand NOW
Barcode (UPC) 733739029188
Net contents 90 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 24, 2024
DSLD ID 313986
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Probiotic Defense by NOW, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
90
UPC/BARCODE
733739029188
IngredientAmount% DV
Bifidobacterium animalis lactis BL-040 NP--
Lactobacillus casei LC-110 NP--
Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR-320 NP--
Bifidobacterium longum BL-50 NP--
Lactobacillus salivarius LS-330 NP--
Lactobacillus plantarum LP-1150 NP--
Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB-870 NP--
Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc-370 NP--
Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-140 NP--
Saccharomyces boulardii0 NP--
Bifidobacterium breve BB-30 NP--
Alfalfa0 NP--
Oat Grass0 NP--
Lactobacillus brevis LBR-350 NP--
Kelp0 NP--
Wheat Grass0 NP--
Bifidobacterium0 NP--
Barley0 NP--
Freeze-dried Probiotic Strains0 NP--
Fermented Greens0 NP--
Super Green Foods0 NP--
Probiotic Defense Blend485 mg--
Alfalfa Juice Concentrate0 NP--

Other ingredients: Hypromellose, fermented Molasses, Probiotic Cultures, Stearic Acid, Chicory, Inulin, FOS, Silicon Dioxide

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Usage: Take 1 capsule 3 times daily with water, preferably on an empty stomach. Start with 1 capsule per day and gradually increase to 3 capsules per day.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place to maintain potency.

Formula

NOW Probiotic Defense is a combination of "friendly" probiotic bacteria, including clinically validated strains, blended into a fermented whole food base. NOW Probiotic Defense combines 13 active bacterial strains formulated to support gastrointestinal health and immune system function. FOS (fructo-oligosaccharide) is also included in this product to assist healthy growth of Acidophilus and Bifidus organisms.

Probiotic blend in a whole food base 1 Billion organisms Healthy intestinal flora

Triangle K D (Kosher Dairy)

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Formulation

Not manufactured with egg, fish, shellfish, tree nut or sesame ingredients.

Natural color variation may occur in this product. The probiotic strains in this product have been identity-verified using DNA-fingerprinting technology.

Promotes positive probiotic balance Supports healthy immune system

Non-GMO

Suitable for lacto-vegetarians.

Made and quality tested in the USA with globally sourced ingredients.

Precautions

Not manufactured with egg, fish, shellfish, tree nut or sesame ingredients. Produced in a GMP facility that processes other ingredients containing these allergens.

Caution: For adults only.

Consult physician if pregnant/nursing, taking medication (especially immune-suppressing drugs), or have a medical condition (especially if immune system is compromised).

Keep out of reach of children.

Contains wheat, milk and soy.

May contain trace levels of dairy protein.

FDA Statement of Identity

A Dietary Supplement

General Statements

Digestive Family owned since 1968.

Seals/Symbols

GMP Quality Assured

Triangle K D (Kosher Dairy)

Strain Verified

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Probiotic Defense by NOW label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Probiotic Defense label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Probiotic Defense by NOW

This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container90 Amounts shown are per serving.

Probiotic Defense Blend

Interacts with
182 drugs
485 mg per serving

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a 'friendly' bacterium used as a probiotic to support gut and vaginal health. It is generally well tolerated in healthy p...

Probiotic Defense Blend monograph & interactions
  • › Freeze-dried Probiotic Strains
  • › Fermented Greens
  • › Super Green Foods

Other (inactive) ingredients: Hypromellose, Fermented Molasses, Probiotic Cultures, Stearic Acid, Chicory, Inulin, FOS, Silicon Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Probiotic Defense by NOW Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Probiotic Defense?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,392Drugs
2 Major 744 Moderate 646 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Probiotic Defense Blend 182

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Probiotic Defense interact with 1,392 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 1 ingredient in Probiotic Defense interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Probiotic Defense Blend

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Probiotic Defense with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Probiotic Defense Blend1 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Lactobacillus acidophilus with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L. acidophilus.
L. acidophilus preparations usually contain live and active organisms. Therefore, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and L. acidophilus preparations by at least two hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Probiotic Defense Blend full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Probiotic Defense, from the product label.

NOW

See all NOW products
Name
NOW FOODS
Street Address
395 S. Glen Ellyn Rd.
City
Bloomingdale
State
IL
ZipCode
60108
Web Address
nowfoods.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Probiotic Defense by NOW: Common Questions

Does Probiotic Defense by NOW interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Probiotic Defense has a known interaction with 1,392 medications, including 2 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Probiotic Defense contains a single active ingredient, and that one ingredient can interact with many different medications on its own. We check it against each medication and show the mechanism responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this while I'm on antibiotics?
You can, but timing matters. Antibiotics can kill the live bacteria in probiotics, reducing their effectiveness. Ask your pharmacist about spacing them out—usually taking the probiotic a few hours before or after the antibiotic helps.
Is this safe if I'm pregnant?
Lactobacillus acidophilus and the Bifidobacterium strains in here don't have specific pregnancy safety data on file. Alfalfa and wheat grass in the blend are best avoided during pregnancy. Talk with your doctor or midwife before starting any supplement while pregnant.
What does Saccharomyces boulardii do?
It's a beneficial yeast in this formula that's possibly effective for travelers' diarrhea, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and infection with Clostridioides difficile. If you're taking antifungal medications, though, they may kill it and reduce its benefit.
Will this help my cholesterol or heart health?
The oat grass and barley in this blend are likely effective for lowering cholesterol and supporting heart health. The probiotic bacteria themselves don't have strong evidence for those specific benefits in our data.
Are there any common side effects from the probiotics?
Bloating, gas, and loose stools are rare but possible when you start, especially if your gut isn't used to probiotics. These usually settle down as your body adjusts. Gastrointestinal discomfort and diarrhea have also been reported rarely with alfalfa.
Does this product contain any allergens?
Barley contains gluten, so if you're sensitive to gluten, let your pharmacist know. The product facts don't list other common allergen warnings, but if you're allergic to any of the bacterial strains, botanicals, or excipients listed, avoid it or check with us first.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Probiotic Defense is safe with your meds?

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Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Probiotic Defense label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Probiotic Defense’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Lactobacillus Acidophilus

Interacts with 182 drugs

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a 'friendly' bacterium used as a probiotic to support gut and vaginal health. It is generally well tolerated in healthy people, and there is reasonable evidence...

Read the full Lactobacillus Acidophilus monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Probiotic Defense's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 146 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Bifidobacterium Longum 21 references
  1. Ha GY, Yang CH, Kim H, Chong Y. Case of sepsis caused by Bifidobacterium longum. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37:1227-8.
  2. Pierce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: The Stonesong Press, 1999:19.
  3. Xiao JZ, Takahashi S, Odamaki T, et al. Antibiotic susceptibility of bifidobacterial strains distributed in the Japanese market. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(2):336-42. PubMed
  4. Rautava S, Kainonen E, Salminen S, Isolauri E. Maternal probiotic supplementation during pregnancy and breast-feeding reduces the risk of eczema in the infant. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130(6):1355-60. PubMed
  5. Pruccoli G, Silvestro E, Pace Napoleone C, Aidala E, Garazzino S, Scolfaro C. Are probiotics safe? Bifidobacterium bacteremia in a child with severe heart failure. Infez Med. 2019;27(2):175-178.
  6. Pellonperä O, Vahlberg T, Mokkala K, et al. Weight gain and body composition during pregnancy: a randomised pilot trial with probiotics and/or fish oil. Br J Nutr. 2020 Nov 4:1-11. PubMed
  7. Pellonperä O, Mokkala K, Houttu N, et al. Efficacy of fish oil and/or probiotic intervention on the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in an at-risk group of overweight and obese women: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial PubMed
  8. Shahriari A, Karimi E, Shahriari M, Aslani N, Khooshideh M, Arab A. The effect of probiotic supplementation on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among high-risk pregnant women: A parallel double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial PubMed
  9. Esaiassen E, Hjerde E, Cavanagh JP, Simonsen GS, Klingenberg C; Norwegian Study Group on Invasive Bifidobacterial Infections. Bifidobacterium bacteremia: Clinical characteristics and a genomic approach to assess pathogenicity. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55(7) PubMed
  10. Enomoto T, Sowa M, Nishimori K, et al. Effects of bifidobacterial supplementation to pregnant women and infants in the prevention of allergy development in infants and on fecal microbiota. Allergol Int 2014;63(4):575-85. PubMed
  11. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Dear Healthcare Provider Letter: Warning Regarding Use of Probiotics in Preterm Infants. September 2023. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/media/172606/download?attachment. Accessed November 1, 2023.
  12. Pillai A, Tan J, Paquette V, Panczuk J. Does probiotic bacteremia in premature infants impact clinically relevant outcomes? A case report and updated review of literature. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020;39:255-259. PubMed
  13. Sabaté JM, Iglicki F. Effect of Bifidobacterium longum 35624 on disease severity and quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2022;28(7):732-744.
  14. Malaguarnera M, Greco F, Barone G, Gargante MP, Malaguarnera M, Toscano MA. Bifidobacterium longum with fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) treatment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Dig Dis Sci 2007;52(11) PubMed
  15. Zbinden A, Zbinden R, Berger C, Arlettaz R. Case series of Bifidobacterium longum bacteremia in three preterm infants on probiotic therapy. Neonatology 2015;107(1):56-9.
  16. Tamaki H, Nakase H, Inoue S, et al. Efficacy of probiotic treatment with Bifidobacterium longum 536 for induction of remission in active ulcerative colitis: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Dig Endosc 2016;28(1):67-74.
  17. Bertelli C, Pillonel T, Torregrossa A, et al. Bifidobacterium longum bacteremia in preterm infants receiving probiotics. Clin Infect Dis 2015;60(6):924-7. PubMed
  18. Esaiassen E, Cavanagh P, Hjerde E, Simonsen GS, Støen R, Klingenberg C. Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis bacteremia in 3 extremely preterm infants receiving probiotics. Emerg Infect Dis 2016;22(9):1664-6.
  19. Tena D, Losa C, Medina MJ, Sáez-Nieto JA. Peritonitis caused by Bifidobacterium longum: case report and literature review. Anaerobe 2014;27:27-30. PubMed
  20. Sangkanjanavanich S, Pradubpongsa P, Mitthamsiri W, Sangasapaviliya A, Boonpiyathad T. Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 efficacy in patients with uncontrolled asthma: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022;129(6):790-792. PubMed
  21. Wilson HL, Ong CW. Bifidobacterium longum vertebrodiscitis in a patient with cirrhosis and prostate cancer. Anaerobe 2017;47:47-50. PubMed

See these in context on the Bifidobacterium Longum monograph →

Lactobacillus Acidophilus 15 references
  1. Pierce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: The Stonesong Press, 1999:19.
  2. Begtrup LM, de Muckadell OB, Kjeldsen J, Christensen RD, Jarbøl DE. Long-term treatment with probiotics in primary care patients with irritable bowel syndrome--a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013;48(10):1127-35 PubMed
  3. Chatterjee S, Kar P, Das T, Ray S, Gangulyt S, Rajendiran C, Mitra M. Randomised placebo-controlled double blind multicentric trial on efficacy and safety of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium BB-12 for prevention of antibiotic-associated
  4. Shavakhi A, Tabesh E, Yaghoutkar A, Hashemi H, Tabesh F, Khodadoostan M,Minakari M, Shavakhi S, Gholamrezaei A. The effects of multistrain probiotic compound on bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: a randomized placebo-c
  5. Karamali M, Dadkhah F, Sadrkhanlou M, et al. Effects of probiotic supplementation on glycaemic control and lipid profiles in gestational diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Metab 2016;42(4):234-41. PubMed
  6. Badehnoosh B, Karamali M, Zarrati M, et al. The effects of probiotic supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018 May;31(9):1128-1136.
  7. Kumar S, Kumar R, Rohilla L, Jacob N, Yadav J, Sachdeva N. A high potency multi-strain probiotic improves glycemic control in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled pilot study. Pediatr Diabete
  8. Shahriari A, Karimi E, Shahriari M, Aslani N, Khooshideh M, Arab A. The effect of probiotic supplementation on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among high-risk pregnant women: A parallel double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial PubMed
  9. Xiao SD, Zhang DZ, Lu H, et al. Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LB in patients with chronic diarrhea. Adv Ther. 2003;20(5):253-60.
  10. Rossi F, Amadoro C, Gasperi M, Colavita G. Lactobacilli infection case reports in the last three years and safety implications. Nutrients. 2022;14(6):1178. PubMed
  11. Ozer M, Goksu SY, Shahverdiani A, Mustafa M. Lactobacillus acidophilus-induced endocarditis and associated splenic abscess. Case Rep Infect Dis 2020;2020:1382709.
  12. Sadrin S, Sennoune S, Gout B, et al. A 2-strain mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Dig Liver Dis 2020;52(5):534-540. PubMed
  13. Stoffer JN, Slingsby TJ, Giuliari GP. Lactobacillus acidophilus endophthalmitis after intravitreal bevacizumab injection requiring intraocular lens explantation. Can J Ophthalmol 2022;57(1):e21-e22. PubMed
  14. Cukovic-Cavka S, Likic R, Francetic I, Rustemovic N, Opacic M, Vucelic B. Lactobacillus acidophilus as a cause of liver abscess in a NOD2/CARD15-positive patient with Crohn's disease. Digestion 2006;73(2-3):107-10.
  15. Hui J, Ren Y, Wang Y, Han Q. Lactobacillus acidophilus endophthalmitis postcataract operation: A case report with a literature review. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023.

See these in context on the Lactobacillus Acidophilus monograph →

Saccharomyces Boulardii 26 references
  1. Niault M, Thomas F, Prost J, et al. Fungemia due to Saccharomyces species in a patient treated with enteral Saccharomyces boulardii. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:930.
  2. Pletinex M, Legein J, Vandenplas Y. Fungemia with Saccharomyces boulardii in a 1-year-old girl with protracted diarrhea. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1995;21:113-5. DOI
  3. Fredenucci I, Chomarat M, Boucaud C, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii fungemia in a patient receiving ultra-levure therapy. Clin Infect Dis 1998;27:222-3.
  4. Elmer GW, McFarland LV, Surawicz CM, et al. Behaviour of Saccharomyces boulardii in recurrent Clostridium difficile disease patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13:1663-8.
  5. Lewis SJ, Freedman AR. Review article: the use of biotherapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998;12:807-22. PubMed
  6. Cesaro S, Chinello P, Rossi L, Zanesco L. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in a neutropenic patient treated with Saccharomyces boulardii. Support Care Cancer 2000;8:504-5. PubMed
  7. Hennequin C, Thierry A, Richard GF, et al. Microsatellite typing as a new tool for identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:551-9.
  8. Plein K, Hotz J. Therapeutic effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on mild residual symptoms in a stable phase of Crohn's disease with special respect to chronic diarrhea - a pilot study. Z Gastroenterol 1993;31:129-34.
  9. Borriello SP, Hammes WP, Holzapfel W, et al. Safety of probiotics that contain lactobacilli or bifidobacteria. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:775-80. PubMed
  10. Marteau P, Seksik P. Tolerance of probiotics and prebiotics. J Clin Gastroenterol 2004;38:S67-9. PubMed
  11. Munoz P, Bouza E, Cuenca-Estrella M, et al. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia: an emerging infectious disease. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:1625-34. PubMed
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Bifidobacterium Breve 9 references
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Alfalfa 32 references
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Oats 13 references
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Fucus Vesiculosus 15 references
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  2. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
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Barley 15 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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