Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 6 of 7 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Prostate Health Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Young Living Essential Oils

Prostate Health label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Prostate Health against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Prostate Health is a dietary supplement by Young Living Essential Oils with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for digestive upset and bloating, infant colic, menstrual cramps.Based on those ingredients, 992 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Peppermint Oil, Fennel Oil, Lavender Oil. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Prostate Health by Young Living Essential Oils

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Prostate Health by Young Living Essential Oils — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Prostate Health by Young Living Essential Oils

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 3, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 7 active ingredients.
  • “Essential Oil Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (200 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens/serrulata) extract” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (470 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Prostate Health contains 7 ingredients: pumpkin seed oil, saw palmetto extract, fennel oil, lavender oil, myrtle oil, peppermint oil, and an essential oil blend. The product also includes inactive ingredients—corn starch, carrageenan, glycerin, sorbitol, and purified water—which serve as fillers and capsule material.

Pumpkin seed oil is the ingredient with the most established use in this formulation, studied for benign prostate enlargement. Saw palmetto extract is also commonly used in prostate supplements, though the facts on file don't detail its individual interaction profile (it's listed as part of a group container).

The essential oils—fennel, lavender, myrtle, and peppermint—add aromatic and traditional plant compounds to the blend.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Promotes healthy prostate function.
  • We looked for evidence on: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), Overactive bladder, Prostate health, Urinary function, Male glandular health.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Pumpkin is rated "Possibly Effective" for Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Pumpkin is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Overactive bladder.

Pumpkin seed oil is rated possibly effective for benign prostate enlargement (BPH), which aligns with the product's purpose. The other active ingredients don't have effectiveness evidence established in our data for prostate health specifically.

Peppermint oil is rated likely effective for irritable bowel syndrome and possibly effective for indigestion and nausea, but those benefits fall outside this product's prostate focus. Lavender and fennel carry insufficient or limited evidence ratings for the conditions they've been studied for.

The product's overall effectiveness for prostate health rests primarily on the pumpkin seed oil component.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Fennel Lavender Myrtle Peppermint Pumpkin Saw Palmetto

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Pumpkin seed oil, peppermint oil, and lavender oil are generally well tolerated when taken orally. The most common side effects reported are mild gastrointestinal ones—abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, nausea—with rare serious reactions like anaphylaxis documented in case reports.

Fennel oil's safety data advises against medicinal amounts during pregnancy due to its hormone-like effects and limited safety data. Myrtle oil is rated likely unsafe in pregnancy and should be avoided; safety while breastfeeding is unknown.

Lavender oil has insufficient pregnancy and breastfeeding data, so medicinal amounts should only be used with provider approval. Peppermint oil is rated likely safe in pregnancy and lactation.

Pumpkin seed oil's pregnancy and breastfeeding safety is not fully documented—concentrated supplements lack sufficient safety data, so discuss with your doctor or pharmacist if you're pregnant or nursing.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Fennel Lavender Myrtle Peppermint Pumpkin Saw Palmetto

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Fennel, Peppermint, Pumpkin, Lavender.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; lithium.
  • For scale: 993 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (fennel increases bleeding risk, Moderate severity), hormonal contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy (fennel may reduce their effectiveness, Moderate severity), medications processed through the liver's CYP3A4 pathway like certain cholesterol or heart drugs (fennel and peppermint may increase their levels, Moderate severity), ciprofloxacin (fennel may decrease its effectiveness, Moderate severity), tamoxifen (fennel may interfere with its cancer-fighting effect, Moderate severity), cyclosporine (peppermint may increase its levels, Moderate severity), sedatives or anti-anxiety medications (lavender may potentiate their effects, Moderate severity), or lithium (pumpkin seed oil may raise its levels, Moderate severity). Also, medications processed by CYP2C19 or CYP2C9 enzymes may have increased levels from peppermint (Moderate severity).

No interactions are documented for the other two ingredients we couldn't check.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you're looking to support prostate health and don't take lithium, blood thinners, hormonal contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, ciprofloxacin, tamoxifen, sedatives, or liver-metabolized medications, this product may be worth considering—pumpkin seed oil has some evidence for benign prostate enlargement. However, the fennel, lavender, and peppermint oils carry several documented interactions, and two of the ingredients weren't checked for safety.

Before you start, run your complete medication list through the checker on this page, and talk with your doctor or pharmacist to confirm it's appropriate for you.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 23, 2019.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Prostate Health, straight from the product label.

Brand Young Living Essential Oils
Net contents 60 Veggie Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 23, 2019
DSLD ID 208542
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult Male (18-50 Years), Seniors/Mature (>50 Years) - Men ONLY
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Prostate Health by Young Living Essential Oils, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Oil-Infused Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Oil-Infused Softgel(s)
Servings per container
30
IngredientAmount% DV
Essential Oil Blend200 mg--
Pumpkin seed Oil350 mg--
Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens/serrulata) extract470 mg--
Fatty Acids376 mg--
Geranium Oil0 NP--
Fennel Oil0 NP--
Lavender Oil0 NP--
Myrtle Oil0 NP--
Peppermint Oil0 NP--

Other ingredients: non-GMO modified Corn Starch, Carrageenan, Glycerin, Sorbitol, purified Water

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

Promotes healthy prostate function

With fast-acting oil blend

Young Living's Prostate Health is uniquely formulated for men wishing support in maintaining healthy, normal prostate function.

Prostate Health contains a high-quality, clinically tested herb-saw palmetto-and pumpkin seed oil combined with YL's authentic, custom essential oils, which support normal inflammation response, prostate health, and the male glandular system.

FDA Statement of Identity

Essential Oil Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Take 1 softgel two times daily.

Use daily to maintain proper prostate function and wellness.

Precautions

Caution If taking medication or have a medical condition, consult a healthcare practitioner prior to use.

Storage

Storage Keep in a cool, dry place. Do not expose to excessive heat or direct sunlight.

General Statements

Formulated by D. Gary Young

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Prostate Health by Young Living Essential Oils label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Prostate Health label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Prostate Health by Young Living Essential Oils

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Oil-Infused Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Essential Oil Blend

200 mg per serving

Pumpkin seed Oil

Interacts with
1 drug
350 mg per serving

Pumpkin is a nutritious squash, and its seeds and seed oil are the parts most often used as supplements, mainly for urinary and prostate symptoms. The...

Pumpkin seed Oil monograph & interactions

Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens/serrulata) extract

Interacts with
174 drugs
470 mg per serving

Saw palmetto is a plant extract most often used for urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate (BPH). The best research suggests it works no bett...

Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens/serrulata) extract monograph & interactions
  • › Fatty Acids

Other (inactive) ingredients: Non-GMO modified Corn Starch, Carrageenan, Glycerin, Sorbitol, Purified Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Prostate Health by Young Living Essential Oils Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Prostate Health?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
992Drugs
953 Moderate 39 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Peppermint Oil 796
Fennel Oil 740
Lavender Oil 248
Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens/serrulata) extract 174
Pumpkin seed Oil 1

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Prostate Health interact with 992 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

5 of the 7 ingredients in Prostate Health interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Peppermint Oil Fennel Oil Lavender Oil Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens/serrulata) extract Pumpkin seed Oil

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Prostate Health with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Peppermint Oil5 drug types · 796 drugs

Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, peppermint oil might increase the levels and adverse effects of cyclosporine.
In animal research, peppermint oil inhibits cyclosporine metabolism and increases cyclosporine levels. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) may be partially responsible for this interaction. An interaction between peppermint oil and cyclosporine has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that peppermint oil inhibits CYP2C19. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that peppermint oil inhibits CYP2C9. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that a single dose of peppermint oil 600 mg inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes and increases the AUC of felodipine, a CYP3A4 substrate. However, in vitro research suggests that peppermint oil only inhibits CYP3A4 at very high concentrations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro and animal research shows that peppermint oil and peppermint leaf inhibit CYP1A2. However, in clinical research, peppermint tea did not significantly affect the metabolism of caffeine, a CYP1A2 substrate. It is possible that the 6-day duration of treatment may have been too short to identify a difference.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Peppermint Oil full monograph & interactions

Fennel Oil6 drug types · 740 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, fennel might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

Animal research suggests that fennel oil has antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Theoretically, fennel might decrease the levels and clinical effects of ciprofloxacin.

Animal research shows that fennel reduces ciprofloxacin bioavailability by nearly 50%, possibly due to the metal cations such as calcium, iron, and magnesium contained in fennel. This study also found that fennel increased tissue distribution and slowed elimination of ciprofloxacin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might decrease the effects of contraceptive drugs due to competition for estrogen receptors.

Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.

In vitro research suggests that fennel inhibits CYP3A4 enzyme activity. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might interfere with hormone replacement therapy due to competition for estrogen receptors.

Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might decrease the antiestrogenic effect of tamoxifen.

Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity, which may interfere with the antiestrogenic activity of tamoxifen.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Fennel Oil full monograph & interactions

Lavender Oil1 drug type · 248 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, lavender might potentiate the therapeutic effects and adverse effects of CNS depressants.
Laboratory research suggests that lavender has sedative effects. However, clinical studies in patients taking oral lavender oil (Silexan) 160 mg for 10 weeks or taking lavender flower powder 1 gram daily for 2 months have not reported side effects of drowsiness, sedation, or sleepiness. There is still some concern that higher doses or different preparations of lavender might have additive effects with CNS depressant medications.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Lavender Oil full monograph & interactions

Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens/serrulata) extract3 drug types · 174 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Saw palmetto is reported to prolong bleeding time. Theoretically, it might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Saw palmetto might reduce the effectiveness of contraceptive drugs.
Saw palmetto might have antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, it might interfere with contraceptive drugs taken concomitantly.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Estrogens

Saw palmetto might reduce the effectiveness of estrogens.
Saw palmetto might have antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, it might interfere with estrogens taken concomitantly.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens/serrulata) extract full monograph & interactions

Pumpkin seed Oil1 drug type · 1 drug

Lithium

Pumpkin might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Pumpkin is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, this might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Pumpkin seed Oil full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Prostate Health, from the product label.

Young Living Essential Oils

See all Young Living Essential Oils products
Name
Young Living Essential Oils
City
Lehi
State
UT
ZipCode
84043
Phone Number
1-800-371-2928
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Prostate Health by Young Living Essential Oils: Common Questions

Does Prostate Health by Young Living Essential Oils interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Prostate Health has a known interaction with 992 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Prostate Health contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to take if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Fennel oil is rated possibly unsafe during pregnancy and lactation due to its hormone-like effects and limited safety data—it's best avoided. Myrtle oil is rated likely unsafe in pregnancy and should be avoided; breastfeeding safety is unknown. Peppermint oil is rated likely safe. Pumpkin seed oil and lavender oil don't have enough data—talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice if you're pregnant or nursing.
What is pumpkin seed oil supposed to do?
Pumpkin seed oil is possibly effective for benign prostate enlargement (BPH)—the most established use for this ingredient in the product. It's been studied for other urinary and hair-loss conditions, though evidence is insufficient for those uses.
Can I take this if I'm on a blood thinner like warfarin?
No—fennel oil in this product theoretically increases bleeding risk when used with blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product if you take any medication that affects blood clotting.
What are the most common side effects?
Gastrointestinal side effects are most common—abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting have been reported with pumpkin seed oil and peppermint oil. Lavender may cause headache, constipation, or nausea. Serious reactions are rare but can include anaphylaxis or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.
Will this interact with my birth control?
Yes, potentially. Fennel oil may theoretically decrease the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives due to its estrogenic compounds. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before combining this product with birth control.
What if I'm on multiple medications?
This product has interactions with hundreds of individual medications through its fennel, peppermint, lavender, and pumpkin seed oil content. Use the medication checker on this page to look up your exact drugs, and confirm with your doctor or pharmacist that it's safe to take alongside your prescriptions.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Prostate Health label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Prostate Health’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Fennel

Interacts with 740 drugs

Fennel is a Mediterranean herb widely used as a food and spice, and traditionally taken for digestive complaints, colic, and menstrual cramps. Some small studies suggest possible benefit for...

Read the full Fennel monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lavender

Interacts with 248 drugs

Lavender is a fragrant herb most popular for promoting relaxation, easing anxiety, and supporting sleep, with some encouraging evidence for a standardized oral lavender oil product for anxie...

Read the full Lavender monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Myrtle

Myrtle (Myrtus communis) is a Mediterranean shrub used traditionally for respiratory, digestive, and skin complaints. Modern research is mostly limited to laboratory and small studies, so it...

Read the full Myrtle monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Peppermint

Interacts with 796 drugs

Peppermint is a popular herb with the best evidence supporting enteric-coated peppermint oil for easing IBS symptoms. It is generally well tolerated for most adults, but it can cause heartbu...

Read the full Peppermint monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Pumpkin

Interacts with 1 drug

Pumpkin is a nutritious squash, and its seeds and seed oil are the parts most often used as supplements, mainly for urinary and prostate symptoms. The evidence for these uses is limited and...

Read the full Pumpkin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Saw Palmetto

Interacts with 174 drugs

Saw palmetto is a plant extract most often used for urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate (BPH). The best research suggests it works no better than a placebo for most men, though i...

Read the full Saw Palmetto monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Prostate Health's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 108 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Pumpkin 5 references
  1. Marks L, Partin AW, Epstein JI, et al. Effects of a saw palmetto herbal blend in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 2000;163:1451-6. DOI
  2. Cho YH, Lee SY, Jeong DW, et al. Effect of pumpkin seed oil on hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014;2014:549721. PubMed
  3. Vahlensieck W, Theurer C, Pfitzer E, Patz B, Banik N, Engelmann U. Effects of pumpkin seed in men with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia in the one-year, randomized, placebo-controlled GRANU study. Urol Int 2015;94(3):286-95 PubMed
  4. Assouly P. Hair loss associated with cucurbit poisoning. JAMA Dermatol. 2018 May 1;154(5):617-618. PubMed
  5. Gawryjolek J, Ludwig H, Zbikowska-Götz M, Bartuzi Z, Krogulska A. Anaphylaxis after consumption of pumpkin seeds in a 2-y-old child tolerant to its pulp: A case study. Nutrition 2021;89:111272. PubMed

See these in context on the Pumpkin monograph →

Saw Palmetto 22 references
  1. Wilt TJ, Ishani A, Stark G, et al. Saw palmetto extracts for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review. JAMA 1998;280:1604-9. PubMed
  2. Carraro JC, Raynaud JP, Koch G, et al. Comparison of phytotherapy (Permixon) with finasteride in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia: a randomized international study of 1,098 patients. Prostate 1996;29:231-40. DOI
  3. Di Silverio F, D'Eramo G, Lubrano C, et al. Evidence that Serenoa repens extract displays an antiestrogenic activity in prostatic tissue of benign prostatic hypertrophy patients. Eur Urol 1992;21:309-14. PubMed
  4. Stepanov VN, Siniakova LA, Sarrazin B, Raynaud JP. Efficacy and tolerability of the lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens (Permixon) in benign prostatic hyperplasia: a double-blind comparison of two dosage regimens. Adv Ther 1999;16:231-41.
  5. Cheema P, El-Mefty O, Jazieh AR. Intraoperative haemorrhage associated with the use of extract of Saw Palmetto herb: a case report and review of literature. J Intern Med 2001;250:167-9. PubMed
  6. Jibrin I, Erinle A, Saidi A, Aliyu ZY. Saw palmetto-induced pancreatitis. South Med J 2006;99:611-2. PubMed
  7. Prager N, Bickett K, French N, Marcovici G. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of botanically derived inhibitors of 5-alpha-reductase in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. J Altern Complement Med 2002
  8. Avins AL, Bent S, Staccone S, et al. A detailed safety assessment of a saw palmetto extract. Complement Ther Med 2008;16:147-54. PubMed
  9. Morgia, G., Mucciardi, G., Gali, A., Madonia, M., Marchese, F., Di, Benedetto A., Romano, G., Bonvissuto, G., Castelli, T., Macchione, L., and Magno, C. Treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome category IIIA with Serenoa repens plus
  10. Aliaev, IuG, Vinarov, A. Z., Lokshin, K. L., and Spivak, L. G. [Efficiency and safety of prostamol-Uno in patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis]. Urologiia. 2006;(1):47-50.
  11. Agbabiaka, T. B., Pittler, M. H., Wider, B., and Ernst, E. Serenoa repens (saw palmetto): a systematic review of adverse events. Drug Saf 2009;32(8):637-647. PubMed
  12. Wargo, K. A., Allman, E., and Ibrahim, F. A possible case of saw palmetto-induced pancreatitis. South.Med.J. 2010;103(7):683-685. PubMed
  13. Lapi, F., Gallo, E., Giocaliere, E., Vietri, M., Baronti, R., Pieraccini, G., Tafi, A., Menniti-Ippolito, F., Mugelli, A., Firenzuoli, F., and Vannacci, A. Acute liver damage due to Serenoa repens: a case report. Br.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2010;69(5):558-560.
  14. Mantovani, F. Serenoa repens in benign prostatic hypertrophy: analysis of 2 Italian studies. Minerva Urol.Nefrol. 2010;62(4):335-340.
  15. Hanaka, M., Yoshii, C., Yatera, K., Ito, C., Chojin, Y., Nagata, S., Yamasaki, K., Nishida, C., Kawanami, T., Kawanami, Y., Ishimoto, H., and Mukae, H. [A case of rhabdomyolysis caused by saw palmetto of healthy foods]. J.UOEH. 6-1-2012;34(2):193-199. PubMed
  16. Miroddi, M., Carni, A., Mannucci, C., Moleti, M., Navarra, M., and Calapai, G. Hot flashes in a young girl: a wake-up call concerning Serenoa repens use in children. Pediatrics 2012;130(5):e1374-e1376.
  17. Braeckman J. The extract of Serenoa repens in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a multicenter open study. Current Therapeutic Research 1994;55(7):776-785. DOI
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Fennel 17 references
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Lavender 20 references
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Myrtle 3 references
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Peppermint 41 references
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