Saffron Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by youtheory
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Saffron against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Saffron is a dietary supplement by youtheory with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for fatigue and low energy, stress and coping (adaptogen), mental performance and focus.Based on those ingredients, 1,429 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Ashwagandha (root, leaf) extract, Rhodiola (root) extract, Saffron (stigma) extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Saffron by youtheory
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Saffron by youtheory — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
Ask the Pharmacist
A licensed pharmacist will answer your question by email — free, usually within 24 hours.
Got it — thank you!
A licensed pharmacist will answer within 24 hours. Keep an eye on your email (worth checking spam, just in case).
HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Saffron by youtheory
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
This supplement contains 3 active ingredients: rhodiola (root) extract, ashwagandha (root and leaf) extract, and saffron (stigma) extract. Each is included for its traditional use in supporting stress, mood, and mental clarity.
The capsule also contains inactive ingredients — vegetable cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, vegetable magnesium stearate, and silicon dioxide — which are fillers and binders that help form and stabilize the capsule.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
The evidence for what this product can do is mixed and incomplete. Ashwagandha is possibly effective for insomnia, anxiety, stress, and generalized anxiety disorder.
Saffron is possibly effective for chemotherapy-induced nerve damage (peripheral neuropathy) and Alzheimer disease. Rhodiola, however, has insufficient evidence in our data for the conditions listed — altitude sickness, generalized anxiety, abnormal heart rhythms, athletic performance, and bladder cancer — so we can't say whether it works for those purposes based on the research we hold.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Rhodiola is generally well tolerated for short-term use, though long-term safety hasn't been well studied. The most common side effects are dizziness and changes in saliva production (either dry mouth or excessive saliva).
Ashwagandha is generally well tolerated in healthy adults for short-term use, but quality and long-term safety data are limited. Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness, though these don't typically happen at standard doses.
Rare cases of liver injury have been reported. Saffron is generally well tolerated at supplement doses, though high doses can be toxic.
The most common side effects are nausea, vomiting, sedation, and gastrointestinal upset. Rare but serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, have been reported.
Anxiety and mood changes have occurred at higher doses. During pregnancy, the safety data advises against rhodiola (not enough information to be sure it's safe), ashwagandha (traditionally thought to risk miscarriage), and saffron (may stimulate the uterus).
During breastfeeding, there isn't enough safety information for rhodiola or ashwagandha, and supplement amounts of saffron are best avoided. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist if you're pregnant, planning pregnancy, or breastfeeding before taking this product.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take blood pressure medications (antihypertensives) — all three ingredients may lower blood pressure further. Similarly, if you take blood sugar drugs (antidiabetes medications), all three ingredients may increase the risk of low blood sugar.
If you take sedatives, sleep aids, or benzodiazepines like Valium or Klonopin, ashwagandha and saffron may amplify their effects. If you take losartan (Cozaar), rhodiola may raise its level in your body.
If you take thyroid hormone replacements, ashwagandha may increase their effects. If you take immunosuppressive drugs, both rhodiola and ashwagandha may interfere.
If you take medications that stress your liver, ashwagandha adds a potential risk. Use the checker on this page to review your full medication list.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This product might interest someone looking to support stress, mood, and mental clarity — ashwagandha in particular has some evidence for anxiety and insomnia. However, if you take blood pressure medications, blood sugar medications, sedatives, blood thinners, thyroid replacements, or drugs your liver has to process, you'll need to check your specific medications first.
Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting, especially if you have liver concerns or take multiple prescriptions.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 23, 2021.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Saffron, straight from the product label.
| Brand | youtheory |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 850502007133 |
| Net contents | 60 Vegetarian Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Aug 23, 2021 |
| DSLD ID | 253059 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Saffron by youtheory, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Rhodiola (root) extract | 350 mg | -- |
| Ashwagandha (root, leaf) extract | 150 mg | -- |
| Saffron (stigma) extract | 28 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Vegetable Cellulose, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Croscarmellose Sodium, Vegetable Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation
Adaptogenic formula Promotes a positive mental outlook Helps reduce stress
This product is ideally suited to individuals with temporary depressed mood, occasional anxiety, stress-related exhaustion or mental fatigue. For best results, use daily. Uplifts & maintains a healthy mood
Formula
With clinically-supported Affron Youtheory Saffron is a multifaceted formulation that is synergistically designed to support mood and emotional well-being.
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested Use: (Adults) Take two (2) capsules daily with water.
Brand IP Statement(s)
Affron is a registered trademark of Pharmactive, Inc. Sensoril is a registered trademark of Natreon, Inc.
Precautions
This product is manufactured in a facility that processes fish extracts.
Usage Warnings: Check with your doctor before using this product if you are taking medication or have any medical conditions. Do not use if you are pregnant or nursing.
Do not exceed the recommended daily intake.
Not intended for persons under 18. Keep out of reach of children.
Storage
Store in a cool and dry place after opening.
General Statements
youtheory made for all of you
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Saffron by youtheory label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Saffron by youtheory
These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Rhodiola (root) extract
Interacts with1,271 drugs
Rhodiola is an herb traditionally used to fight fatigue and help the body cope with stress. Some small studies suggest it may modestly reduce fatigue...
Rhodiola (root) extract monograph & interactionsAshwagandha (root, leaf) extract
Interacts with1,372 drugs
Ashwagandha is an Ayurvedic herb most often taken to help with stress, anxiety, and sleep, and some small studies suggest it may help, though the evid...
Ashwagandha (root, leaf) extract monograph & interactionsSaffron (stigma) extract
Interacts with521 drugs
Saffron is a costly spice that has shown promise in early studies for mild-to-moderate depression and some mood and PMS symptoms, but most research us...
Saffron (stigma) extract monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Vegetable Cellulose, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Croscarmellose Sodium, Vegetable Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Saffron by youtheory Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Saffron by youtheory contains rhodiola, ashwagandha, and saffron extract — all three have documented interactions with medications.
The most serious concern is ashwagandha's potential to damage the liver (hepatotoxic drugs), a Moderate severity risk. This is particularly important if you're already taking medications known to stress the liver.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Rhodiola interacts with blood pressure drugs (antihypertensives), blood sugar drugs (antidiabetes medications), and several enzyme systems your liver uses to break down drugs — including CYP2C9, P-glycoprotein, and CYP3A4 substrates. It also has a specific documented interaction with losartan (Cozaar), a common blood pressure medication, which it may cause to build up in your system.
Ashwagandha adds similar concerns: it interacts with blood pressure drugs, blood sugar drugs, sedatives and sleep aids (CNS depressants and benzodiazepines), and thyroid hormone replacements. It can also reduce the effectiveness of immunosuppressive medications.
Saffron rounds out the interactions by potentially amplifying the effects of blood pressure drugs, blood sugar drugs, sedatives, and caffeine.
Although rhodiola's effects on CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 substrates are rated Minor severity, and ashwagandha's effect on CYP1A2 substrates is also Minor, the combined effect of all three ingredients means you'll want to review your exact medications. Altogether, these interactions span 1,430 individual medications.
Use the medication checker on this page to look up each of your prescriptions and over-the-counter drugs. If any flag a concern, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting this supplement.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Saffron?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Saffron interact with 1,429 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
3 of the 3 ingredients in Saffron interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Ashwagandha (root, leaf) extract Rhodiola (root) extract Saffron (stigma) extract
Aspirin, Carisoprodol, Codeine PhosphateSoma Compound w/ Codeine
How Aspirin, Carisoprodol, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Saffron — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Aspirin, Carisoprodol, Codeine Phosphate interactionSaffron (stigma) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron (stigma) Extract + Aspirin, Carisoprodol, Codeine Phosphate interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Aspirin, Carisoprodol, Codeine Phosphate interactionAspirin, Codeine PhosphateAspirin w/ Codeine
How Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Saffron — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate interactionSaffron (stigma) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron (stigma) Extract + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate interactionAspirin, Codeine Phosphate, MethocarbamolRobaxisal C
How Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Methocarbamol interacts with Saffron — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron (stigma) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron (stigma) Extract + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Methocarbamol interactionAshwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Methocarbamol interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Methocarbamol interactionAspirin, Codeine Phosphate, PhenobarbitalPhenaphen
How Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Phenobarbital interacts with Saffron — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Phenobarbital interactionSaffron (stigma) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron (stigma) Extract + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Phenobarbital interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Phenobarbital interactionAspirin, Diphenhydramine, PhenylpropanolamineAlka Seltzer Plus Night Time Effervescent
How Aspirin, Diphenhydramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Saffron — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron (stigma) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron (stigma) Extract + Aspirin, Diphenhydramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAshwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Aspirin, Diphenhydramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Aspirin, Diphenhydramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAspirin, Ethoheptazine, MeprobamateEquagesic
How Aspirin, Ethoheptazine, Meprobamate interacts with Saffron — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Aspirin, Ethoheptazine, Meprobamate interactionSaffron (stigma) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron (stigma) Extract + Aspirin, Ethoheptazine, Meprobamate interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Aspirin, Ethoheptazine, Meprobamate interactionAspirin, HydrocodoneAlor 5 500, Lortab ASA
How Aspirin, Hydrocodone interacts with Saffron — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron (stigma) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron (stigma) Extract + Aspirin, Hydrocodone interactionAshwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Aspirin, Hydrocodone interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Aspirin, Hydrocodone interactionAspirin, OmeprazoleYosprala
How Aspirin, Omeprazole interacts with Saffron — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rhodiola (root) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Aspirin, Omeprazole interactionAshwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Aspirin, Omeprazole interactionAspirin, OxycodonePercodan
How Aspirin, Oxycodone interacts with Saffron — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Aspirin, Oxycodone interactionSaffron (stigma) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron (stigma) Extract + Aspirin, Oxycodone interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Aspirin, Oxycodone interactionAspirin, PentazocineTalwin Compound
How Aspirin, Pentazocine interacts with Saffron — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron (stigma) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron (stigma) Extract + Aspirin, Pentazocine interactionAshwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Aspirin, Pentazocine interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Aspirin, Pentazocine interactionAtenololAtenix, Tenormin
How Atenolol interacts with Saffron — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron (stigma) ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Saffron (stigma) Extract + Atenolol interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking rhodiola with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Atenolol interactionAshwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Atenolol interactionAtenolol, ChlortalidoneAtenixCo, Tenoret 50, Totaretic
How Atenolol, Chlortalidone interacts with Saffron — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking rhodiola with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionSaffron (stigma) ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Saffron (stigma) Extract + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionAtenolol, ChlorthalidoneTenoretic
How Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interacts with Saffron — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron (stigma) ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Saffron (stigma) Extract + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking rhodiola with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionAshwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionAtezolizumabTecentriq
How Atezolizumab interacts with Saffron — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might decrease the effects of immunosuppressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Atezolizumab interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Atezolizumab interactionAtogepantQulipta
How Atogepant interacts with Saffron — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rhodiola (root) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, P-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Atogepant interactionAshwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Atogepant interactionAtorvastatinAtorvaliq
How Atorvastatin interacts with Saffron — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Atorvastatin interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Atorvastatin interactionAtorvastatin CalciumLipitor
How Atorvastatin Calcium interacts with Saffron — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Atorvastatin Calcium interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Atorvastatin Calcium interactionAtropine, Hyoscyamine, PhenobarbitalHypnaldyne
How Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital interacts with Saffron — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron (stigma) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron (stigma) Extract + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital interactionAshwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital interactionAtropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, ScopolamineBarbidonna No. 2, Belladonna Phenobarbital
How Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine interacts with Saffron — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine interactionSaffron (stigma) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron (stigma) Extract + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine interactionAtropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, PhenobarbitalBarbeloid, Donnatal #2, Donphen
How Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Phenobarbital interacts with Saffron — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron (stigma) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron (stigma) Extract + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Phenobarbital interactionAshwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Phenobarbital interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Phenobarbital interactionAtropine, PhenobarbitalAnthrocol
How Atropine, Phenobarbital interacts with Saffron — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Atropine, Phenobarbital interactionSaffron (stigma) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron (stigma) Extract + Atropine, Phenobarbital interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Atropine, Phenobarbital interactionAtropine, MeperidineAtropine, Meperidine
How Atropine, Meperidine interacts with Saffron — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractCns Depressants, Serotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Atropine, Meperidine interactionSaffron (stigma) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron (stigma) Extract + Atropine, Meperidine interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Atropine, Meperidine interactionAtropine, Morphine SulfateAtropine, Morphine Sulfate
How Atropine, Morphine Sulfate interacts with Saffron — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron (stigma) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron (stigma) Extract + Atropine, Morphine Sulfate interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Atropine, Morphine Sulfate interactionAshwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Atropine, Morphine Sulfate interactionAvacopanTavneos
How Avacopan interacts with Saffron — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Avacopan interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Avacopan interactionAvatrombopag MaleateDoptelet
How Avatrombopag Maleate interacts with Saffron — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rhodiola (root) ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Avatrombopag Maleate interactionAzamuneImmunoprin
How Azamune interacts with Saffron — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Immunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Azamune interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Azamune interactionAzathioprineAzamune, Imuran
How Azathioprine interacts with Saffron — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractImmunosuppressants, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might decrease the effects of immunosuppressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Azathioprine interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Azathioprine interactionAzilsartanEdarbi
How Azilsartan interacts with Saffron — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rhodiola (root) ExtractCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Azilsartan interactionSaffron (stigma) ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Saffron (stigma) Extract + Azilsartan interactionAshwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Azilsartan interactionAzilsartan, ChlorthalidoneEdarbyclor
How Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interacts with Saffron — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionSaffron (stigma) ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Saffron (stigma) Extract + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionRhodiola (root) ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking rhodiola with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Rhodiola (root) Extract + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionBaricitinibOlumiant
How Baricitinib interacts with Saffron — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Ashwagandha (root, Leaf) Extract + Baricitinib interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Saffron with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Ashwagandha (root, leaf) extract
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
There is preliminary clinical evidence suggesting that ashwagandha might lower blood glucose levels. Theoretically, ashwagandha might have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Animal research suggests that ashwagandha might lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Theoretically, ashwagandha might have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs and increase the risk of hypotension.
Benzodiazepines
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of benzodiazepines.
There is preliminary evidence that ashwagandha might have an additive effect with diazepam (Valium) and clonazepam (Klonopin). This may also occur with other benzodiazepines.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Ashwagandha seems to have sedative effects. Theoretically, this may potentiate the effects of barbiturates, other sedatives, and anxiolytics.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Ashwagandha has been linked to cases of acute hepatitis, liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy, autoimmune hepatitis, the need for liver transplantation, and death due to liver failure.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might decrease the effects of immunosuppressants.
Ashwagandha has demonstrated immunostimulant effects in humans. Animal research has shown that ashwagandha can attenuate the immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide.
Thyroid Hormone
Ashwagandha might increase the effects and adverse effects of thyroid hormone.
Concomitant use of ashwagandha with thyroid hormones may cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects. Preliminary clinical research and animal studies suggest that ashwagandha boosts thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. In one clinical study, ashwagandha increased triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels by 41.5% and 19.6%, respectively, and reduced serum TSH levels by 17.4% from baseline in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP1A2 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP3A4 enzymes.
Serotonergic Drugs
Some animal studies have reported that ashwagandha can enhance serotonergic transmission by altering certain serotonin (5-HT) receptors. However, there is no evidence to suggest that ashwagandha increases the risk of serotonin-related effects, and there have been no published case reports of serotonin syndrome when combined with other serotonergic drugs. Nevertheless, due to the lack of extensive studies on the matter and the fact that ashwagandha appears to affect serotonergic pathways, it would be prudent to exercise caution when combining it with drugs that affect serotonin. [References: - Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwaga ndha) on Stress and the Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2021 Sep 14; 19: 1468–1495. - A Prospective, Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Safety and Efficacy of a High-Concentration Full-Spectrum Extract of Ashwagandha Root in Reducing Stress and Anxiety in Adults. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3573577/]
Rhodiola (root) extract
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking rhodiola with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
In vitro and animal research shows that rhodiola extract can decrease blood glucose due to alpha-glucosidase activity.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taking rhodiola with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
In vitro and animal research shows that rhodiola extract inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and might lower blood pressure.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that rhodiola inhibits CYP2C9. This effect is highly variable and appears to be dependent on the rhodiola product studied. Also, a clinical study in healthy young males found that taking rhodiola extract 290 mg daily for 14 days reduces the metabolism of losartan, a CYP2C9 substrate, by 21% after 4 hours.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, rhodiola use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
In vitro and animal research show that rhodiola has immunostimulatory effects.
Losartan (Cozaar)
Rhodiola might increase the levels and adverse effects of losartan.
A clinical study in healthy young males found that taking rhodiola extract 290 mg daily for 14 days reduces the metabolism of losartan, a CYP2C9 substrate, by 21% after 4 hours.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that rhodiola inhibits P-glycoprotein. Theoretically, using rhodiola with P-glycoprotein substrates might increase drug levels and potentially increase the risk of adverse effects.
Antidepressant Drugs
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with antidepressants.
A review of adverse event reports in Poland identified cases of tachyarrhythmias, myalgia, arthralgia, gum pain, restless leg syndrome, swallowing disorders, and changes in consciousness when rhodiola was taken in combination with paroxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, sertraline, trazodone, and/or duloxetine.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with CNS depressants.
A review of adverse event reports in Poland identified cases of excessive sedation, myoclonus, hypotension, and hallucinations when rhodiola was taken with haloperidol, diazepam, or alprazolam.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research shows that rhodiola inhibits CYP1A2. This effect is highly variable and appears to be dependent on the rhodiola product studied. However, a clinical study in healthy young males found that taking rhodiola extract 290 mg daily for 14 days does not inhibit the metabolism of caffeine, a CYP1A2 substrate.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that rhodiola inhibits CYP3A4. This effect is highly variable and appears to be dependent on the rhodiola product studied. However, a clinical study in healthy young males found that taking rhodiola extract 290 mg daily for 14 days does not inhibit the metabolism of midazolam, a CYP3A4 substrate.
Saffron (stigma) extract
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some clinical research shows that taking saffron extract reduces fasting levels of glucose when used in addition to hypoglycemic agents. However, saffron powder itself has not been shown to reduce fasting glucose levels.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects.
Animal and human research suggests that saffron extract can decrease blood pressure.
Caffeine
Theoretically, saffron might inhibit the metabolism of caffeine.
A small clinical study suggests that taking saffron powder 300 mg in 150 mL water daily for 5 days and then taking caffeine 200 mg seems to reduce caffeine metabolite levels in the saliva and urine in males, but not females. Theoretically, this may be due to the inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 by saffron.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Clinical research shows that taking saffron extract 60 mg orally daily for 26 weeks can cause drowsiness and sedation. Animal research suggests that adding saffron to hexobarbital further increases sleeping and slows motor activity.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Saffron, from the product label.
youtheory
See all youtheory products- Name
- Nutrawise
- City
- Irvine
- State
- CA
- ZipCode
- 92618
- Phone Number
- 1.888.271.8976
- Web Address
- youtheory.com
Saffron by youtheory: Common Questions
Does Saffron by youtheory interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Is saffron safe to take while pregnant?
Can I take this if I'm breastfeeding?
What are the most common side effects?
Does ashwagandha really help with anxiety?
Can I take this with coffee?
Is this product safe for long-term use?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Saffron is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Saffron’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Rhodiola
Interacts with 1,271 drugsRhodiola is an herb traditionally used to fight fatigue and help the body cope with stress. Some small studies suggest it may modestly reduce fatigue and improve mood, but the evidence is li...
Read the full Rhodiola monograph → Herb & supplement monographAshwagandha
Interacts with 1,372 drugsAshwagandha is an Ayurvedic herb most often taken to help with stress, anxiety, and sleep, and some small studies suggest it may help, though the evidence is still limited. It is generally w...
Read the full Ashwagandha monograph → Herb & supplement monographSaffron
Interacts with 521 drugsSaffron is a costly spice that has shown promise in early studies for mild-to-moderate depression and some mood and PMS symptoms, but most research uses small trials, so results are not defi...
Read the full Saffron monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Saffron's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 67 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Rhodiola 13 references
- Kim SH, Hyun SH, Choung SY. Antioxidative effects of Cinnamomi cassiae and Rhodiola rosea extracts in liver of diabetic mice. Biofactors 2006;26:209-19.
- Kwon YI, Jang HD, Shetty K. Evaluation of Rhodiola crenulata and Rhodiola rosea for management of type II diabetes and hypertension. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2006;15:425-32.
- Bystritsky A, Kerwin L, Feusner JD. A pilot study of Rhodiola rosea (Rhodax) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). J Altern Complement Med 2008;14:175-80.
- Shevtsov VA, Zholus BI, Shervarly VI, et al. A randomized trial of two different doses of a SHR-5 Rhodiola rosea extract versus placebo and control of capacity for mental work. Phytomedicine 2003;10:95-105. PubMed
- Apostolidis E, Kwon YI, Shetty K. Potential of cranberry-based herbal synergies for diabetes and hypertension management. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2006;15:433-41.
- Hellum BH, Tosse A, Hoybakk K, et al. Potent in vitro inhibition of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein by Rhodiola rosea. Planta Med 2010;76:331-8.
- Skopriska-Rozewska E, Wojcik R, Siwicki AK, et al. The effect of Rhodiola quadrifida extracts on cellular immunity in mice and rats. Pol J Vet Sci 2008;11:105-11.
- Mishra KP, Chanda S, Shukla K, Ganju L. Adjuvant effect of aqueous extract of Rhodiola imbricate rhizome on the immune responses to tetanus toxoid and ovalbumin in rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010;32:141-6.
- Li HX, Sze SC, Tong Y, Ng TB. Production of Th1- and Th2-dependent cytokines induced by the Chinese medicine herb, Rhodiola algida, on human peripheral blood monocytes. J Ethnopharmacol 2009;123:257-66. PubMed
- Mishra KP, Ganju L, Chanda S, et al. Aqueous extract of Rhodiola imbricate rhizome stimulates Toll-like receptor 4, granzyme-B and Th1 cytokines in vitro. Immunobiology 2009;214:27-31.
- Thu OK, Nilsen OG, Hellum B. In vitro inhibition of cytochrome P-450 activities and quantification of constituents in a selection of commercial Rhodiola rosea products. Pharm Bio. 2016 Dec;54(12):3249-3256.
- Thu OK, Spigset O, Nilsen OG, Hellum B. Effect of commercial Rhodiola rosea on CYP enzyme activity in humans. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Mar;72(3):295-300. PubMed
- Woron J, Siwek M. Unwanted effects of psychotropic drug interactions with medicinal products and diet supplements containing plant extracts. Psychiatr Pol 2018;52(6):983-96. PubMed
Ashwagandha 32 references
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Upton R, ed. Ashwagandha Root (Withania somnifera): Analytical, quality control, and therapuetic monograph. Santa Cruz, CA: American Herbal Pharmacopoeia 2000:1-25.
- Davis L, Kuttan G. Effect of Withania somnifera on cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity. Cancer Lett 2000;148:9-17. PubMed
- Davis L, Kuttan G. Suppressive effect of cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity by Withania somnifera extract in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 1998;62:209-14. PubMed
- Mishra LC, Singh BB, Dagenais S. Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha): a review. Altern Med Rev 2000;5:334-46. DOI
- Andallu B, Radhika B. Hypoglycemic, diuretic and hypocholesterolemic effect of winter cherry (Withania somnifera, Dunal) root. Indian J Exp Biol 2000;38:607-9.
- Kulkarni RR, Patki PS, Jog VP, et al. Treatment of osteoarthritis with a herbomineral formulation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. J Ethnopharmacol 1991;33:91-5. PubMed
- Ahumada F, Aspee F, Wikman G, Hancke J. Withania somnifera exract. Its effects on arterial blood pressure in anaesthetized dogs. Phytother Res 1991;5:111-14.
- Panda S, Kar A. Withania somnifera and Bauhinia purpurea in the regulation of circulating thyroid hormone concentrations in female mice. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;67:233-39. PubMed
- Panda S, Kar A. Changes in thyroid hormone concentrations after administration of ashwagandha root extract to adult male mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 1998;50:1065-68. PubMed
- Sehgal, V. N., Verma, P., and Bhattacharya, S. N. Fixed-drug eruption caused by ashwagandha (Withania somnifera): a widely used Ayurvedic drug. Skinmed. 2012;10(1):48-49.
- Agnihotri AP, Sontakke SD, Thawani VR, Saoji A, Goswami VS. Effects of Withania somnifera in patients of schizophrenia: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled pilot trial study. Indian J Pharmacol. 2013;45(4):417-8. PubMed
- Biswal BM, Sulaiman SA, Ismail HC, Zakaria H, Musa KI. Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on the development of chemotherapy-induced fatigue and quality of life in breast cancer patients. Integr Cancer Ther. 2013;12(4):312-22.
- Sharma AK, Basu I, Singh S. Efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha root extract in subclinical hypothyroid patients: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2018 Mar;24(3):243-248. PubMed
- Durg S, Bavage S, Shivaram SB. Withania somnifera (Indian ginseng) in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of scientific evidence from experimental research to clinical application. Phytother Res. 2020;34(5):1041-1059.
- Björnsson HK, Björnsson ES, Avula B, et al. Ashwagandha-induced liver injury: A case series from Iceland and the US Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network. Liver Int. 2020;40(4):825-829. PubMed
- Tharakan A, Shukla H, Benny IR, Tharakan M, George L, Koshy S. Immunomodulatory Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) Extract-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial with an Open Label Extension on Healthy Participants. J Clin Med 2021;1 PubMed
- Ireland PJ, Hardy T, Burt AD, Donnelly MC. Drug-induced hepatocellular injury due to herbal supplement ashwagandha. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2021;51(4):363-365. PubMed
- Kamal HI, Patel K, Brdak A, Heffernan J, Ahmad N. Ashwagandha as a unique cause of thyrotoxicosis presenting with supraventricular tachycardia. Cureus. 2022 Mar 25;14(3):e23494. PubMed
- Suryawanshi G, Abdallah M, Thomson M, Desai N, Chauhan A, Lim N. Ashwagandha-Associated Acute Liver Failure Requiring Liver Transplantation. Am J Ther 2023;30(1):e80-e83. PubMed
- Pusec CM, Wolsky R, Llerena C, Sura P. A Case of Supplement-Induced Hepatitis. Cureus 2022;14(10):e30433. PubMed
- Ajgaonkar A, Jain M, Debnath K. Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract for Improvement of Sexual Health in Healthy Women: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Cureus 2022;14(10):e30787. PubMed
- Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
- Lubarska M, Halasinski P, Hryhorowicz S, et al. Liver Dangers of Herbal Products: A Case Report of Ashwagandha-Induced Liver Injury. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023;20(5):3921. PubMed
- Tóth M, Benedek AE, Longerich T, Seitz HK. Ashwagandha-induced acute liver injury: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2023;11(3):e7078.
- Bokan G, Glamocanin T, Mavija Z, et al. Herb-Induced Liver Injury by Ayurvedic Ashwagandha as Assessed for Causality by the Updated RUCAM: An Emerging Cause. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023;16(8):1129. PubMed
- Patel PA, Sanborn E, Then R, Williams DM. Recurrent Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: A Report of Two Cases. Cureus 2023;15(8):e42992. PubMed
- Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Murali A, Vishwanathan DT, Mamidala RV, Mundkur L. A Standardized Withania somniferra (Linn.) Root Extract with Piperine Alleviates the Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression by Increasing Serotonin Levels: A Double-Blind, Randomize
- Philips CA, Valsan A, Theruvath AH, et al. Ashwagandha-induced liver injury-A case series from India and literature review. Hepatol Commun 2023;7(10):e0270. PubMed
- Hayashi M, Hamada H, Azuma SI, Hayashi K. Painless Thyroiditis by Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha). Cureus 2024;16(3):e55352. PubMed
- Vazirani S, Kothari A, Fujimoto J, Gomez M. Supplements Are Not a Synonym for Safe: Suspected Liver Injury From Ashwagandha. Fed Pract 2023;40(9):315-319. PubMed
- Patel M, Newell R, Hillier M, Ramalingam R. Herbal remedies as a potential cause of hypoadrenalism. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2024;85(6):1-4. PubMed
Saffron 22 references
- Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
- Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
- Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
- Feo F, Martinez J, Martinez A, et al. Occupational allergy in saffron workers. Allergy 1997;52:633-41. PubMed
- Wuthrich B, Schmid-Grendelmeyer P, Lundberg M. Anaphylaxis to saffron. Allergy 1997;52:476-7. PubMed
- Akhondzadeh S, Tahmacebi-Pour N, Noorbala AA, et al. Crocus sativus L. in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res 2005;19:148-51.
- Safarinejad MR, Shafiei N, Safarinejad S. A prospective double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of the effect of saffron (Crocus sativus Linn.) on semen parameters and seminal plasma antioxidant capacity in infertile men with idiopathic oligoasth
- Fatehi, M., Rashidabady, T., and Fatehi-Hassanabad, Z. Effects of Crocus sativus petals' extract on rat blood pressure and on responses induced by electrical field stimulation in the rat isolated vas deferens and guinea-pig ileum. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003; PubMed
- Modaghegh, M. H., Shahabian, M., Esmaeili, H. A., Rajbai, O., and Hosseinzadeh, H. Safety evaluation of saffron (Crocus sativus) tablets in healthy volunteers. Phytomedicine. 2008;15(12):1032-1037. PubMed
- Imenshahidi, M., Hosseinzadeh, H., and Javadpour, Y. Hypotensive effect of aqueous saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) and its constituents, safranal and crocin, in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Phytother.Res 12-9-2009;
- Zhang, Y., Shoyama, Y., Sugiura, M., and Saito, H. Effects of Crocus sativus L. on the ethanol-induced impairment of passive avoidance performances in mice. Biol.Pharm Bull. 1994;17(2):217-221. PubMed
- Wuthrich, B., Schmid-Grendelmeyer, P., and Lundberg, M. Anaphylaxis to saffron. Allergy 1997;52(4):476-477. PubMed
- Akhondzadeh S, Sabet MS, Harirchian MH, Togha M, Cheraghmakani H, Razeghi S, Hejazi SSh, Yousefi MH, Alimardani R, Jamshidi A, Zare F, Moradi A. Saffron in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a 16-week, randomized and plac
- Kashani L, Eslatmanesh S, Saedi N, Niroomand N, Ebrahimi M, Hosseinian M, Foroughifar T, Salimi S, Akhondzadeh S. Comparison of Saffron versus Fluoxetine in Treatment of Mild to Moderate Postpartum Depression: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial. Ph PubMed
- Kianbakht S, Ghazavi A. Immunomodulatory effects of saffron: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res. 2011 Dec;25(12):1801-5. PubMed
- Mazidi M, Shemshian M, Mousavi SH, Norouzy A, Kermani T, Moghiman T, Sadeghi A, Mokhber N, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA. A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in the treatment of anxiety and depression. J C
- Safarinejad MR, Shafiei N, Safarinejad S. An open label, randomized, fixed-dose, crossover study comparing efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate and saffron (Crocus sativus Linn.) for treating erectile dysfunction in men naïve to treatment. Int J Impo PubMed
- Talaei A, Hassanpour Moghadam M, Sajadi Tabassi SA, Mohajeri SA. Crocin, the main active saffron constituent, as an adjunctive treatment in major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical trial. J Affect Disord. 2 PubMed
- Azimi P, Ghiasvand R Feizi A, Hariri M, Abbasi B. Effects of cinnamon, cardamom, saffron, and ginger consumption on markers of glycemic control, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud. 2014 Fall-Winter;11(3-4
- Begas E, Bounitsi M, Kilindris T, et al. Effects of short-term saffron (Crocus sativus L.) intake on the in vivo activities of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in healthy volunteers. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019;130:32-43. PubMed
- Moravej Aleali A, Amani R, Shahbazian H, Namjooyan F, Latifi SM, Cheraghian B. The effect of hydroalcoholic Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) extract on fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, liver, and renal function tests in patients with type 2 diabet
- Abbaszadeh-Mashkani S, Hoque SS, Banafshe HR, Ghaderi A. The effect of crocin (the main active saffron constituent) on the cognitive functions, craving, and withdrawal syndrome in opioid patients under methadone maintenance treatment. Phytother Res. 2021; PubMed
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC