Saffron Extract Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Saffron Extract against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Saffron Extract is a dietary supplement by iPro Organic Supplements with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for depression and low mood, anxiety, pms symptoms.Based on those ingredients, 521 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Saffron extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Saffron Extract by iPro Organic Supplements
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Saffron Extract by iPro Organic Supplements — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Saffron Extract by iPro Organic Supplements
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
This product contains one active ingredient: saffron extract. That's it — the capsule itself is made from cellulose and rice flour, which are just inert fillers to hold the saffron together.
Does it work?
Not established
The evidence we hold shows saffron extract is possibly effective for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage from cancer treatment) and Alzheimer disease. That means there's some clinical research suggesting benefit, but the evidence isn't yet definitive.
We don't have effectiveness data on file for other uses you might see marketed.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Saffron extract is generally well tolerated at supplement doses, though it does cause gastrointestinal upset, nausea, vomiting, and sedation in some people. Rarely, allergic reactions including anaphylaxis (a severe, life-threatening allergy) have been reported.
At higher doses (30 mg twice daily for 26 weeks), saffron has been linked to anxiety and hypomania (elevated, overactive mood) in clinical trials, though at lower doses this wasn't more common than placebo. Pregnancy is a concern: the safety data advises against medicinal or supplement amounts of saffron because it may stimulate the uterus.
We don't have reliable safety information for breastfeeding, so it's best to avoid supplement doses if you're nursing. Food amounts are likely safe, but supplement doses warrant caution.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before you start, check with your own doctor or pharmacist if you take central nervous system depressants (sedatives, sleeping pills, narcotic pain relievers), blood pressure medications, diabetes medications, or you're a heavy caffeine user. These are the main medication types where saffron extract could cause problems.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Saffron extract may help with nerve damage from chemotherapy or Alzheimer symptoms, but the evidence is preliminary. If you take sedatives, blood pressure medications, diabetes medications, or use a lot of caffeine, you'll need to talk this through with your doctor or pharmacist first — the interaction risks are real.
It's off the table if you're pregnant or breastfeeding.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 23, 2022.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Saffron Extract, straight from the product label.
| Brand | iPro Organic Supplements |
|---|---|
| Net contents | 60 Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Aug 23, 2022 |
| DSLD ID | 272187 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Saffron Extract by iPro Organic Supplements, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Saffron extract | 88.5 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Cellulose, Rice Flour
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested use: As a dietary supplement take one (1) capsule twice a day. For best results take 20-30 min before a meal or as directed by your healthcare professional.
Precautions
Caution: Do not exceed recommended dose.
Pregnant or nursing mothers, children under the age of 18, and individuals with a known medical condition should consult a physician before using this or any dietary supplement.
Pregnant or nursing mothers, children under the age of 18, and individuals with a known medical condition should consult a physician before using this or any dietary supplement.
Keep out of reach of children.
Do not use if safety seal is damaged or missing.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Formulation
Enhance mood Increase energy levels Reduce the urge to snack Supports weight loss Increases metabolism
Gluten free Non GMO
FDA Registered Facility
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Seals/Symbols
Bottled in USA
GMP Good Manufacturing Practice
General Statements
Recycle Reduce Reuse
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Saffron Extract by iPro Organic Supplements label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Saffron Extract by iPro Organic Supplements
This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Veggie Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.
Saffron extract
Interacts with521 drugs
Saffron is a costly spice that has shown promise in early studies for mild-to-moderate depression and some mood and PMS symptoms, but most research us...
Saffron extract monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Cellulose, Rice Flour. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Saffron Extract by iPro Organic Supplements Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
iPro Organic Supplements Saffron Extract interacts with several medication types through its saffron extract content.
The most serious concern involves central nervous system depressants (brain-slowing medications like sedatives or opioids) — saffron can add to their drowsiness effect, and clinical trials have shown that saffron extract itself causes sedation at the doses typically used in supplements.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
You'll also want to check if you take blood pressure medications (antihypertensive drugs) or diabetes medications. Saffron may lower blood pressure on its own, which could pile on top of what your blood pressure drug is already doing.
Similarly, saffron extract has reduced blood sugar levels in some studies when combined with diabetes medications, raising the theoretical risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).
One more: if you're a regular caffeine user (coffee, tea, energy drinks), saffron might slow how fast your body clears caffeine from your system, though the effect appears stronger in men than women. Altogether, these interactions span 521 individual medications.
Run your exact medications through the interaction checker on this page before you start, and let your doctor or pharmacist know you're considering saffron.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Saffron Extract?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Saffron Extract interact with 521 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
1 of the 1 ingredient in Saffron Extract interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Saffron extract
AprocitentanTryvio
How Aprocitentan interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aprocitentan interactionAripiprazoleAbilify, Abilify Maintena, Abilify Mycite
How Aripiprazole interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aripiprazole interactionAripiprazole LauroxilAristada, Aristada Initio Kit
How Aripiprazole Lauroxil interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aripiprazole Lauroxil interactionAspirin, Butalbital, CaffeineFiorinal
How Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCaffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, saffron might inhibit the metabolism of caffeine.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine PhosphateFiorinal w/ Codeine
How Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCaffeine, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, saffron might inhibit the metabolism of caffeine.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interactionAspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, PhenacetinMarnal
How Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, Phenacetin interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCaffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, saffron might inhibit the metabolism of caffeine.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, Phenacetin interactionAspirin, CaffeineAnacin
How Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCaffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, saffron might inhibit the metabolism of caffeine.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAspirin, Caffeine, Codeine PhosphateAnacin w/ Codeine
How Aspirin, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCaffeine, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, saffron might inhibit the metabolism of caffeine.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aspirin, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interactionAspirin, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine BitartrateSynalgos DC
How Aspirin, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCns Depressants, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aspirin, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate interactionAspirin, Caffeine, Dover's PwdAcedoval, Dovacet
How Aspirin, Caffeine, Dover's Pwd interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCaffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, saffron might inhibit the metabolism of caffeine.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aspirin, Caffeine, Dover's Pwd interactionAspirin, Caffeine, HydrocodoneDamason-P
How Aspirin, Caffeine, Hydrocodone interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCaffeine, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, saffron might inhibit the metabolism of caffeine.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aspirin, Caffeine, Hydrocodone interactionAspirin, Caffeine, Isobutylallylbarbituric Acid, PhenacetinLanorinal
How Aspirin, Caffeine, Isobutylallylbarbituric Acid, Phenacetin interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCaffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, saffron might inhibit the metabolism of caffeine.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aspirin, Caffeine, Isobutylallylbarbituric Acid, Phenacetin interactionAspirin, Caffeine, OrphenadrineInvagesic, Invagesic Forte, Norgesic, Norgesic Forte, Orphengesic, Orphengesic Forte
How Aspirin, Caffeine, Orphenadrine interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCaffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, saffron might inhibit the metabolism of caffeine.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aspirin, Caffeine, Orphenadrine interactionAspirin, Caffeine, Phenacetin, PropoxypheneMargesic Comp. 65
How Aspirin, Caffeine, Phenacetin, Propoxyphene interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCaffeine, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, saffron might inhibit the metabolism of caffeine.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aspirin, Caffeine, Phenacetin, Propoxyphene interactionAspirin, Carisoprodol, Codeine PhosphateSoma Compound w/ Codeine
How Aspirin, Carisoprodol, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aspirin, Carisoprodol, Codeine Phosphate interactionAspirin, Codeine PhosphateAspirin w/ Codeine
How Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate interactionAspirin, Codeine Phosphate, MethocarbamolRobaxisal C
How Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Methocarbamol interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Methocarbamol interactionAspirin, Codeine Phosphate, PhenobarbitalPhenaphen
How Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Phenobarbital interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Phenobarbital interactionAspirin, Diphenhydramine, PhenylpropanolamineAlka Seltzer Plus Night Time Effervescent
How Aspirin, Diphenhydramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aspirin, Diphenhydramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAspirin, Ethoheptazine, MeprobamateEquagesic
How Aspirin, Ethoheptazine, Meprobamate interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aspirin, Ethoheptazine, Meprobamate interactionAspirin, HydrocodoneAlor 5 500, Lortab ASA
How Aspirin, Hydrocodone interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aspirin, Hydrocodone interactionAspirin, OxycodonePercodan
How Aspirin, Oxycodone interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aspirin, Oxycodone interactionAspirin, PentazocineTalwin Compound
How Aspirin, Pentazocine interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Aspirin, Pentazocine interactionAtenololAtenix, Tenormin
How Atenolol interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Atenolol interactionAtenolol, ChlortalidoneAtenixCo, Tenoret 50, Totaretic
How Atenolol, Chlortalidone interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionAtenolol, ChlorthalidoneTenoretic
How Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionAtropine, Hyoscyamine, PhenobarbitalHypnaldyne
How Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital interactionAtropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, ScopolamineBarbidonna No. 2, Belladonna Phenobarbital
How Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine interactionAtropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, PhenobarbitalBarbeloid, Donnatal #2, Donphen
How Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Phenobarbital interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Phenobarbital interactionAtropine, PhenobarbitalAnthrocol
How Atropine, Phenobarbital interacts with Saffron Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saffron ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Read the full Saffron Extract + Atropine, Phenobarbital interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Saffron Extract with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Saffron extract
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some clinical research shows that taking saffron extract reduces fasting levels of glucose when used in addition to hypoglycemic agents. However, saffron powder itself has not been shown to reduce fasting glucose levels.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects.
Animal and human research suggests that saffron extract can decrease blood pressure.
Caffeine
Theoretically, saffron might inhibit the metabolism of caffeine.
A small clinical study suggests that taking saffron powder 300 mg in 150 mL water daily for 5 days and then taking caffeine 200 mg seems to reduce caffeine metabolite levels in the saliva and urine in males, but not females. Theoretically, this may be due to the inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 by saffron.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Clinical research shows that taking saffron extract 60 mg orally daily for 26 weeks can cause drowsiness and sedation. Animal research suggests that adding saffron to hexobarbital further increases sleeping and slows motor activity.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Saffron Extract, from the product label.
iPro Organic Supplements
See all iPro Organic Supplements products- Name
- iPro Organic Supplements
- Street Address
- 1695 NBay Rd Apt 910
- City
- Sunny Isles
- State
- FL
- ZipCode
- 33160-4243
- Web Address
- http://www.iproorganicsupplements.com
Saffron Extract by iPro Organic Supplements: Common Questions
Does Saffron Extract by iPro Organic Supplements interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Will saffron extract make me drowsy?
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
What's the difference between saffron extract and saffron powder?
Could this cause an allergic reaction?
Does saffron extract actually work for Alzheimer disease?
What if I take it at a lower dose — is it safer?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Saffron Extract is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Saffron Extract’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sources & How We Checked
Saffron Extract's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 22 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Saffron 22 references
- Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
- Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
- Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
- Feo F, Martinez J, Martinez A, et al. Occupational allergy in saffron workers. Allergy 1997;52:633-41. PubMed
- Wuthrich B, Schmid-Grendelmeyer P, Lundberg M. Anaphylaxis to saffron. Allergy 1997;52:476-7. PubMed
- Akhondzadeh S, Tahmacebi-Pour N, Noorbala AA, et al. Crocus sativus L. in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res 2005;19:148-51.
- Safarinejad MR, Shafiei N, Safarinejad S. A prospective double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of the effect of saffron (Crocus sativus Linn.) on semen parameters and seminal plasma antioxidant capacity in infertile men with idiopathic oligoasth
- Fatehi, M., Rashidabady, T., and Fatehi-Hassanabad, Z. Effects of Crocus sativus petals' extract on rat blood pressure and on responses induced by electrical field stimulation in the rat isolated vas deferens and guinea-pig ileum. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003; PubMed
- Modaghegh, M. H., Shahabian, M., Esmaeili, H. A., Rajbai, O., and Hosseinzadeh, H. Safety evaluation of saffron (Crocus sativus) tablets in healthy volunteers. Phytomedicine. 2008;15(12):1032-1037. PubMed
- Imenshahidi, M., Hosseinzadeh, H., and Javadpour, Y. Hypotensive effect of aqueous saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) and its constituents, safranal and crocin, in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Phytother.Res 12-9-2009;
- Zhang, Y., Shoyama, Y., Sugiura, M., and Saito, H. Effects of Crocus sativus L. on the ethanol-induced impairment of passive avoidance performances in mice. Biol.Pharm Bull. 1994;17(2):217-221. PubMed
- Wuthrich, B., Schmid-Grendelmeyer, P., and Lundberg, M. Anaphylaxis to saffron. Allergy 1997;52(4):476-477. PubMed
- Akhondzadeh S, Sabet MS, Harirchian MH, Togha M, Cheraghmakani H, Razeghi S, Hejazi SSh, Yousefi MH, Alimardani R, Jamshidi A, Zare F, Moradi A. Saffron in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a 16-week, randomized and plac
- Kashani L, Eslatmanesh S, Saedi N, Niroomand N, Ebrahimi M, Hosseinian M, Foroughifar T, Salimi S, Akhondzadeh S. Comparison of Saffron versus Fluoxetine in Treatment of Mild to Moderate Postpartum Depression: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial. Ph PubMed
- Kianbakht S, Ghazavi A. Immunomodulatory effects of saffron: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res. 2011 Dec;25(12):1801-5. PubMed
- Mazidi M, Shemshian M, Mousavi SH, Norouzy A, Kermani T, Moghiman T, Sadeghi A, Mokhber N, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA. A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in the treatment of anxiety and depression. J C
- Safarinejad MR, Shafiei N, Safarinejad S. An open label, randomized, fixed-dose, crossover study comparing efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate and saffron (Crocus sativus Linn.) for treating erectile dysfunction in men naïve to treatment. Int J Impo PubMed
- Talaei A, Hassanpour Moghadam M, Sajadi Tabassi SA, Mohajeri SA. Crocin, the main active saffron constituent, as an adjunctive treatment in major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical trial. J Affect Disord. 2 PubMed
- Azimi P, Ghiasvand R Feizi A, Hariri M, Abbasi B. Effects of cinnamon, cardamom, saffron, and ginger consumption on markers of glycemic control, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud. 2014 Fall-Winter;11(3-4
- Begas E, Bounitsi M, Kilindris T, et al. Effects of short-term saffron (Crocus sativus L.) intake on the in vivo activities of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in healthy volunteers. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019;130:32-43. PubMed
- Moravej Aleali A, Amani R, Shahbazian H, Namjooyan F, Latifi SM, Cheraghian B. The effect of hydroalcoholic Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) extract on fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, liver, and renal function tests in patients with type 2 diabet
- Abbaszadeh-Mashkani S, Hoque SS, Banafshe HR, Ghaderi A. The effect of crocin (the main active saffron constituent) on the cognitive functions, craving, and withdrawal syndrome in opioid patients under methadone maintenance treatment. Phytother Res. 2021; PubMed
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