Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 4 of 7 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Serraxym Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by U.S. Enzymes

Serraxym label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Non-nutrient/non-botanical
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Serraxym against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Serraxym is a dietary supplement by U.S. Enzymes with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for digestion and bloating, muscle soreness and exercise recovery, inflammation and swelling.Based on those ingredients, 406 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Ginseng Root Extract, Astragalus Root Extract, Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Serraxym by U.S. Enzymes

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Serraxym by U.S. Enzymes — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Serraxym by U.S. Enzymes

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 12, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 7 active ingredients.
  • “Enzyme Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (185 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Proprietary AstraZyme Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (25 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Serraxym contains 7 active ingredients: serratiopeptidase, catalase, two types of protease enzymes (Protease I and II), ginseng root extract, astragalus root extract, and sodium calcium aluminosilicate. The proteases are meant to break down proteins; ginseng and astragalus are herbal extracts traditionally used for immune and general wellness support.

The product also contains inactive ingredients (rice extract, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, gellan gum, and water) that serve as fillers and binders.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Musculoskeletal, immune, and cardiovascular health.
  • We looked for evidence on: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Heart failure, Congestive heart failure, Myocardial infarction (MI), Asthma, Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: American Ginseng is rated "Possibly Effective" for Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Astragalus is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Allergic rhinitis (hay fever), Asthma, Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), Heart failure, and more.
  • Also on file: American Ginseng is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Cardiovascular disease (CVD).

The evidence we hold is limited. Ginseng root extract is rated possibly effective for upper respiratory tract infections, but there's insufficient evidence to support its use for anemia of chronic disease or breast cancer.

Astragalus root extract has insufficient evidence for all the conditions listed in our data — including allergic rhinitis (hay fever), asthma, and various other uses. We hold no effectiveness ratings for serratiopeptidase, catalase, the protease enzymes, or the proprietary blends.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) American Ginseng Sodium Astragalus

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

The protease enzymes (Protease I and II) are generally well tolerated but may cause digestive upset or allergic reactions in some people. Rarely, allergic reactions to proteases have occurred; occupational exposure to airborne protease has caused allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, or asthma in case reports.

Ginseng is generally well tolerated short-term in healthy adults, though quality and dosing vary and long-term safety is not well studied; headache has been reported. Astragalus is also generally well tolerated short-term, though human safety data is limited.

One clinical trial reported lacunar angina and dizziness possibly linked to astragalus, though causation is unclear. Sodium calcium aluminosilicate contributes dietary sodium.

Excess sodium is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, kidney disease, and possibly gastric cancer risk; normal dietary amounts are fine, but avoid sodium supplements without medical advice. Ginseng should be avoided in pregnancy (possibly unsafe) and breastfeeding (too little safety data).

Astragalus should also be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding (insufficient reliable safety data). For the proteases, safety data is not established in pregnancy, so they're best avoided unless prescribed; there is little safety data during breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) American Ginseng Sodium Astragalus

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Astragalus, American Ginseng, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 406 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check your exact medications before you start, especially if you take warfarin (blood thinner), blood pressure drugs, diabetes medications, immune-suppressing drugs, lithium, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids, didanosine, sodium phosphates, or tolvaptan. The worst concern is ginseng's Major interaction with warfarin, which could reduce its effectiveness.

Several Moderate interactions with blood sugar control, blood pressure, and immune function are also documented.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you take warfarin, blood pressure medications, diabetes drugs, lithium, immunosuppressants, MAOIs, or cancer drugs like cyclophosphamide, talk to your pharmacist or doctor before starting Serraxym — the ingredients may interfere with how your medication works or cause side effects. If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, the safety data doesn't support use.

Generally well tolerated for healthy adults without these medications, but digestive upset or allergic reactions are possible.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 25, 2025.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Serraxym, straight from the product label.

Brand U.S. Enzymes
Barcode (UPC) 819242002648
Net contents 93 Delayed Release Vegetable Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Sep 25, 2025
DSLD ID 336282
Product type Non-nutrient/non-botanical
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Serraxym by U.S. Enzymes, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
93
UPC/BARCODE
819242002648
IngredientAmount% DV
Serratiopeptidase0 NP--
Catalase0 NP--
Protease I0 NP--
Protease II0 NP--
Enzyme Blend185 mg--
Ginseng Root Extract0 NP--
Proprietary AstraZyme Blend25 mg--
Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate0 NP--
Astragalus Root Extract0 NP--

Other ingredients: Rice extract, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Gellan Gum, Water

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Precautions

Available only through healthcare practitioners

Warning: If you take a blood thinner or blood thinning products, or are pregnant or lactating, consult a healthcare professional before taking this product.

Formula

Serraxym features a pure source of the powerful systemic enzyme serratiopeptidase along with catalase, AstraZyme and deep release capsules to optimize efficacy.

Formulation

Serraxym supports musculoskeletal, immune, and cardiovascular health.

Musculoskeletal support Promotes healthy muscles and joints Supports healthy immune function Circulatory support

This product is non-GMO, non-dairy, non-soy and contains no fillers or preservatives.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Take one (1) capsule with a glass of water on an empty stomach (2 hours before or after your last meal). May be taken every eight hours (3 times per day). Can be used with Digestxym and Digestxym+ for added results.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Brand IP Statement(s)

AstraZyme is a registered trademark of ERCC, Inc.

FDA Statement of Identity

Systemic Enzyme Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Serraxym by U.S. Enzymes label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Serraxym label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Serraxym by U.S. Enzymes

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container93 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Enzyme Blend

185 mg per serving
  • › Serratiopeptidase
  • › Catalase

Proprietary AstraZyme Blend

25 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Rice extract, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Gellan Gum, Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Serraxym by U.S. Enzymes Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Serraxym?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
406Drugs
2 Major 404 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Ginseng Root Extract 217
Astragalus Root Extract 208
Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate 205

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Serraxym interact with 406 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 7 ingredients in Serraxym interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Ginseng Root Extract Astragalus Root Extract Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Serraxym with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Ginseng Root Extract4 drug types · 217 drugs

Warfarin (Coumadin)

American ginseng seems to decrease the effectiveness of warfarin therapy.
Healthy patients receiving warfarin 5 mg daily, who also take American ginseng 1 gram twice daily, seem to have a significantly reduced international normalized ratio (INR).

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking American ginseng with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
American ginseng seems to lower postprandial blood glucose. Theoretically, concomitant use with antidiabetes drugs might enhance blood glucose lowering effects and possibly cause hypoglycemia.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
American ginseng seems to stimulate immune function. Theoretically, American ginseng might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)

Theoretically, American ginseng can interfere with MAOI therapy.
There is one case report of insomnia, headache, and tremors when an unspecified ginseng product was used with phenelzine (Nardil), an MAOI. There is also one case report of hypomania when an unspecified ginseng product was used with phenelzine. Theoretically, American ginseng may interfere with MAOI therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Ginseng Root Extract full monograph & interactions

Astragalus Root Extract4 drug types · 208 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking astragalus with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research in humans shows that astragalus might have hypoglycemic effects. Theoretically, taking astragalus, especially in combination with other hypoglycemic agents, might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Cyclophosphamide

Theoretically, astragalus might interfere with cyclophosphamide therapy.
Evidence regarding the effect of astragalus on immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide is conflicting. Some animal research suggests that astragalus reverses cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression. However, other animal research shows no effect.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, astragalus might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Astragalus seems to stimulate immune function. Theoretically, taking astragalus might decrease the effects of immunosuppressive therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, astragalus might increase levels and adverse effects of lithium.
Animal research suggests that astragalus has diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to this diuretic effect, astragalus might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Astragalus Root Extract full monograph & interactions

Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Serraxym, from the product label.

U.S. Enzymes

See all U.S. Enzymes products
Name
Master Supplements, Inc.
City
Victoria
State
MN
ZipCode
55386
Phone Number
800-926-2961
Web Address
usenzymes.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Serraxym by U.S. Enzymes: Common Questions

Does Serraxym by U.S. Enzymes interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Serraxym has a known interaction with 406 medications, including 2 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Serraxym contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take Serraxym while I'm on warfarin?
You'll want to check with your pharmacist or doctor first. The ginseng in this product may reduce warfarin's effectiveness, which is serious because warfarin protects you from blood clots. This is a Major interaction, so don't start without medical clearance.
Is Serraxym safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
No. Ginseng is rated possibly unsafe in pregnancy, and astragalus doesn't have enough safety data, so it's best avoided. The protease enzymes also lack established safety data in pregnancy. If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, talk with your doctor before taking this product.
What side effects might I experience?
The most common are digestive upset or allergic reactions from the protease enzymes. Ginseng may cause headache. Rarely, allergic reactions to proteases have been reported, especially if you've had sensitivity to cleaning products containing similar enzymes. If you develop rash, breathing trouble, or digestive distress, stop and tell your pharmacist.
Does Serraxym actually work for what it's marketed to do?
The data is limited. Ginseng is possibly effective for upper respiratory infections, but we don't have reliable evidence for the other ingredients or conditions. Astragalus in particular hasn't been rated for any of the uses we track.
What's sodium calcium aluminosilicate and why is it in this product?
It's a food additive that acts as an anti-caking agent (keeps the powder or capsule contents from clumping). It does contribute dietary sodium, which can interact with blood pressure drugs and lithium if you're on those medications, so that's another reason to check with your pharmacist.
I take diabetes medication. Can I safely take this?
Both ginseng and astragalus may lower blood sugar, so taking them with diabetes drugs could increase your risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Talk with your pharmacist or doctor before starting — you may need your blood sugar monitored more closely.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Serraxym label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Serraxym’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases)

Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatin. Peo...

Read the full Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

American Ginseng

Interacts with 217 drugs

American ginseng is an herbal root used as an 'adaptogen' to support energy, stress, immune function, and blood sugar. Some uses—such as reducing the chance or length of colds and modestly l...

Read the full American Ginseng monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Astragalus

Interacts with 208 drugs

Astragalus is a root used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine, mainly to support the immune system and help the body cope with stress. While early studies are interesting, strong h...

Read the full Astragalus monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Serraxym's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 66 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) 3 references
  1. Weeks JA, Harper RA, Simon RA, Burdick JD. Assessment of sensitization risk of a laundry pre-spotter containing protease. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2011;30(4):272-9. PubMed
  2. Marquès LI, Lara S, Abós T, Bartolomé B. Occupational rhinitis due to pepsin. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006;16(2):136-7. DOI
  3. Cartier A, Malo JL, Pineau L, Dolovich J. Occupational asthma due to pepsin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1984;73(5 Pt 1):574-7. PubMed

See these in context on the Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph →

American Ginseng 12 references
  1. Shader RI, Greenblatt DJ. Phenelzine and the dream machine-ramblings and reflections. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1985;5:65. PubMed
  2. Jones BD, Runikis AM. Interaction of ginseng with phenelzine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1987;7:201-2. PubMed
  3. Janetzky K, Morreale AP. Probable interaction between warfarin and ginseng. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1997;54:692-3. PubMed
  4. Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Koo VY, et al. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) reduces postprandial glycemia in nondiabetic subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1009-13. PubMed
  5. Vuksan V, Stavro MP, Sievenpiper JL, et al. Similar postprandial glycemic reductions with escalation of dose and administration time of American ginseng in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000;23:1221-6. PubMed
  6. Chan LY, Chiu PY, Lau TK. An in-vitro study of ginsenoside Rb(1)-induced teratogenicity using a whole rat embryo culture model. Hum Reprod 2003;18:2166-8..
  7. McElhaney JE, Gravenstein S, Cole SK, et al. A Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Proprietary Extract of North American Ginseng (CVT-E002) to Prevent Acute Respiratory Illness in Institutionalized Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52:13-9. PubMed
  8. Yuan CS, Wei G, Dey L, et al. American ginseng reduces warfarin's effect in healthy patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:23-7.
  9. Predy GN, Goel V, Lovlin R, et al. Efficacy of an extract of North American ginseng containing poly-furanosyl-pyranosyl-saccharides for preventing upper respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ 2005;173:1043-8.. PubMed
  10. McElhaney JE, Goel V, Toane B, et al. Efficacy of COLD-fX in the prevention of respiratory symptoms in community-dwelling adults: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med 2006;12:153-7. PubMed
  11. Predy GN, Goel V, Lovlin RE, et al. Immune modulating effects of daily supplementation of COLD-fX (a proprietary extract of North American ginseng) in healthy adults. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2006;39:162-167. DOI
  12. Stavro PM, Woo M, Leiter LA, et al. Long-term intake of North American ginseng has no effect on 24-hour blood pressure and renal function. Hypertension 2006;47(4):791-6. PubMed

See these in context on the American Ginseng monograph →

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
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Astragalus 13 references
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See these in context on the Astragalus monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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