Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 2 of 7 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by GHOST

Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon is a dietary supplement by GHOST with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for athletic performance and endurance, high-intensity exercise capacity, reducing muscle fatigue.Based on those ingredients, 752 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon by GHOST

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon by GHOST — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon by GHOST

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 10, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 9 active ingredients.
  • “Beta-Alanine” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “BetaPrime” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (400 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Size Muscle Builder contains 9 active ingredients aimed at muscle building and performance. The formula includes beta-alanine and creatine (Creapure), both classic strength and athletic performance supplements, alongside L-theanine for focus and calm.

You'll also find betaine, jujube extract, and several proprietary or less common ingredients — Astragin, Senactiv, Celastrus paniculatus, epicatechin, and GHOST Size — most of which we have limited interaction data for. The powder comes in a sour watermelon flavor built from citric acid, malic acid, natural and artificial flavors, tartaric acid, silicon dioxide, calcium silicate, sucralose, and vegetable juice powder — these are inactive ingredients (fillers and flavoring) and don't contribute to the product's active effects.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: muscle building and athletic performance support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle breakdown, Muscle breakdown, Muscle strength, Physical performance, muscle hypertrophy — and 2 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Creatine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Creatine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Muscle strength.
  • Also on file: Zizyphus is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Athletic performance.

Creatine (Creapure) is possibly effective for muscle strength, athletic performance, sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss), and cerebral creatine deficiency syndromes — solid evidence backs its use for those goals. L-theanine shows possibly effective evidence for cognitive function, but the data on its use for anxiety, cognitive decline, and other conditions is too limited to rate.

We don't have effectiveness data in our records for beta-alanine, betaine, jujube extract, or the other proprietary ingredients in this blend.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Beta-alanine Creatine

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Creatine is generally well tolerated but can cause dehydration, diarrhea, stomach upset, muscle cramps, and water retention in some people — kidney function should be checked beforehand if you have kidney issues. L-theanine is generally well tolerated short-term, though headaches, drowsiness, and increased dream activity have been reported; long-term safety isn't well studied.

Jujube extract as food is likely fine, but medicinal doses aren't well studied — a small clinical trial noted headaches and mild diarrhea in rare cases. Both L-theanine and creatine should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding; safety data is insufficient.

Jujube is rated likely safe in pregnancy, but medicinal doses aren't well studied during breastfeeding, so talk it over with your doctor or pharmacist.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Beta-alanine Creatine

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Zizyphus, Theanine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 752 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take blood pressure medications — L-theanine may intensify their effect. Also double-check if you're on CNS depressants (sedatives, sleep aids), diabetes drugs, CYP1A2-metabolized medications, or serotonergic drugs (certain antidepressants).

These carry Moderate to Minor interaction risks from the L-theanine and jujube extract in this product.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This is a targeted strength and muscle formula, with creatine being the most evidence-backed ingredient for athletic performance and muscle gain. If you take blood pressure medication, sedatives, diabetes drugs, or serotonergic antidepressants, you'll want to check your specific medications with your pharmacist or doctor before starting — the L-theanine and jujube extract carry real interaction risks.

Avoid it in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Talk it over with your doctor or pharmacist to confirm it fits your health profile and goals.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 9 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jan 22, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon, straight from the product label.

Brand GHOST
Barcode (UPC) 810028296701
Net contents 17.5 Ounce(s); 495 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jan 22, 2022
DSLD ID 259768
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating), Gluten Free, Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon by GHOST, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
16.5 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
16.5 Gram(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
810028296701
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories5 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates1 Gram(s)1%
Beta-Alanine0 NP--
L-Theanine0 NP--
Added Sugars0 Gram(s)--
Total Sugars0 Gram(s)--
Betaine2500 mg--
Creapure5000 mg--
Astragin Root extracts50 mg--
Senactiv50 mg--
Celastrus paniculatus seed extract0 NP--
Jujube extract0 NP--
Epicatechin200 mg--
GHOST Size0 NP--
BetaPrime400 mg--

Other ingredients: Citric Acid, Malic Acid, Natural & Artificial Flavors, Tartaric Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Calcium Silicate, Sucralose, Vegetable juice powder

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Mix one scoop (1 serving) of GHOST Size with 8-10oz of water or beverage of choice, such as GHOST Legend or GHOST BCAA, preferably within 30 minutes before or after exercise on training days. For best results, GHOST Size should be taken consistently on both training/non-training days with plenty of water. Do not exceed 2 servings in a 24-hour period.

Consume as part of a healthy diet and exercise program, and drink plenty of water.

Precautions

Do not exceed 2 servings in a 24-hour period.

Warning: This product is only intended for healthy adults, 18 years of age or older.

Do not exceed recommendations for suggested use.

Before using this product, consult a licensed, qualified healthcare professional if: you are taking any medications or other dietary supplement, or prescription drug; or if you have or have been treated for, diagnosed with or have a family history of, any medical condition.

Immediately discontinue use and consult a licensed, qualified healthcare professional if you experience any adverse reaction to this product.

Not for use by women that are pregnant, nursing, or trying to become pregnant.

California Prop 65 Warning: This product may expose you to chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information, go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Keep out of reach of children.

Do not use if safety seal is broken or missing.

Formulation

GHOST Size was conceived to make gains faster than photoshop

Manufactured in the U.S.A. in a GMP compliant facility Contains ingredients of international and domestic origin

Vegan friendly

Gluten free Soy free Sugar free

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

General Statements

Contents sold by weight not volume, some settling may occur. Follow us Twitter @ghostlifestyle Facebook @ghostlifestyle Instagram @ghostlifestyle YouTube @ghostlifestyle

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Formula

30 servings

Sour Watermelon Naturally and artificially flavored

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Brand IP Statement(s)

AstraGin and Senactive, NuLiv Science USA, Inc. Creapure Brand Creatine is an exclusive product of AlzChem Trostberg GmbH, Germany BetaPrime is licensed by CarnoCo, LLC and protected by US Patents & foreign patents pending. WARHEADS is a registered trademark of Impact Confections Inc.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon by GHOST label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon by GHOST

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size16.5 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Beta-Alanine

No known
interactions
0 NP per serving

Beta-alanine is an amino acid taken mostly by athletes to raise muscle carnosine, which may help buffer acid and reduce fatigue during short, high-int...

Beta-Alanine monograph & interactions
  • › BetaPrime

Betaine

2500 mg per serving Form: Trimethylglycine

Creapure

No known
interactions
5000 mg per serving Form: Creatine Monohydrate

Creatine is one of the most studied sports supplements, with solid evidence that it can boost strength and performance during short, high-intensity ac...

Creapure monograph & interactions

Astragin Root extracts

50 mg per serving Form: Astragalus membranaceus extract, Panax notoginseng extract

Senactiv

50 mg per serving Form: Panax notoginseng root extract, Rosa roxburghii Fruit Extract

Epicatechin

200 mg per serving

GHOST Size

0 NP per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Citric Acid, Malic Acid, Natural & Artificial Flavors, Tartaric Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Calcium Silicate, Sucralose, Vegetable juice powder. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon by GHOST Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
752Drugs
635 Moderate 117 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon interact with 752 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

0 of the 7 ingredients in Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible.

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon, from the product label.

GHOST

See all GHOST products
Name
GHOST LLC
Street Address
5651 S Edmond Street
City
Las Vegas
State
NV
ZipCode
89118
Phone Number
1-844-446-7888
Web Address
www.ghostlifestyle.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon by GHOST: Common Questions

Does Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon by GHOST interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon has a known interaction with 752 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this help me build muscle?
Creatine, one of the main ingredients, is possibly effective for muscle strength and athletic performance — that's the evidence-backed part. The formula also includes beta-alanine and several other compounds aimed at muscle building, but we don't have solid effectiveness data for most of them in our records. Your results will depend on training and diet too.
Is it safe if I have kidney problems?
Creatine in this product is generally well tolerated, but people with kidney issues need to be careful — check with your doctor or pharmacist before starting. Creatine is processed by the kidneys, so it matters more if your kidney function is already compromised.
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
No, it's best to avoid this product. L-theanine and creatine don't have enough safety data in pregnancy and breastfeeding to recommend them, so the safety data advises against use. Talk it over with your doctor or pharmacist if you're considering it.
What side effects might I see from creatine?
Most common are dehydration, diarrhea, stomach upset, muscle cramps, and water retention. Serious side effects are rare but have been reported in individual cases — kidney problems, muscle breakdown, and blood clots — so stay hydrated and stop if you notice anything unusual.
Will L-theanine make me drowsy?
Some people report drowsiness, increased sleep duration, and more vivid dreams after taking L-theanine, though it's also used for calm focus. Headaches have been reported too. Your individual response may vary.
What's Creapure?
Creapure is creatine monohydrate — a form of creatine used in this product. It's possibly effective for muscle strength, athletic performance, and age-related muscle loss, and it's generally well tolerated, though watch for dehydration and digestive upset.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Beta-alanine

Beta-alanine is an amino acid taken mostly by athletes to raise muscle carnosine, which may help buffer acid and reduce fatigue during short, high-intensity exercise. The evidence is moderat...

Read the full Beta-alanine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Creatine

Creatine is one of the most studied sports supplements, with solid evidence that it can boost strength and performance during short, high-intensity activities like weightlifting and sprintin...

Read the full Creatine monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Size Muscle Builder Warheads Sour Watermelon's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 120 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Beta-alanine 13 references
  1. Harris RC, Tallon MJ, Dunnett M, et al. The absorption of orally supplied beta-alanine and its effect on muscle carnosine synthesis in human vastus lateralis. Amino Acids 2006;30:279-89.
  2. Hill CA, Harris RC, Kim HJ, et al. Influence of beta-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity. Amino Acids 2007;32:225-33.
  3. Bellinger PM, Minahan CL. The effect of ß-alanine supplementation on cycling time trials of different length. Eur J Sport Sci 2016;16(7):829-36.
  4. Chung W, Shaw G, Anderson ME, et al. Effect of 10 week beta-alanine supplementation on competition and training performance in elite swimmers. Nutrients 2012;4(10):1441-53. PubMed
  5. Glenn JM, Gray M, Stewart R, et al. Incremental effects of 28 days of beta-alanine supplementation on high-intensity cycling performance and blood lactate in masters female cyclists. Amino Acids 2015;47(12):2593-600. PubMed
  6. Gross M, Bieri K, Hoppeler H, Norman B, Vogt M. Beta-alanine supplementation improves jumping power and affects severe-intensity performance in professional alpine skiers. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2014;24(6):665-73. PubMed
  7. Howe ST, Bellinger PM, Driller MW, Shing CM, Fell JW. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on isokinetic force and cycling performance in highly trained cyclists. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2013;23(6):562-70. PubMed
  8. Sweeney KM, Wright GA, Glenn Brice A, Doberstein ST. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on power performance during repeated sprint activity. J Strength Cond Res 2010;24(1):79-87.
  9. Décombaz J, Beaumont M, Vuichoud J, Bouisset F, Stellingwerff T. Effect of slow-release ß-alanine tablets on absorption kinetics and paresthesia. Amino Acids 2012;43(1):67-76. Erratum in: Amino Acids 2013;45(4):1015.
  10. Stellingwerff T, Anwander H, Egger A, et al. Effect of two ß-alanine dosing protocols on muscle carnosine synthesis and washout. Amino Acids 2012;42(6):2461-72. PubMed
  11. da Silva RP, de Oliveira LF, Saunders B, et al. Effects of ß-alanine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on the estimated energy system contribution during high-intensity intermittent exercise. Amino Acids. 2019;51(1):83-96. PubMed
  12. Varanoske AN, Hoffman JR, Church DD, et al. Comparison of sustained-release and rapid-release ß-alanine formulations on changes in skeletal muscle carnosine and histidine content and isometric performance following a muscle-damaging protocol. Amino Acids. PubMed
  13. Perim P, Gobbi N, Duarte B, et al. Beta-alanine did not improve high-intensity performance throughout simulated road cycling. Eur J Sport Sci 2021. PubMed

See these in context on the Beta-alanine monograph →

Theanine 6 references
  1. Yokogoshi H, Kobayashi M. Hypotensive effect of gamma-glutamylethylamide in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 1998;62:1065-8.
  2. Haskell, C. F., Kennedy, D. O., Milne, A. L., Wesnes, K. A., and Scholey, A. B. The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood. Biol.Psychol. 2008;77(2):113-122. PubMed
  3. Yokogoshi, H., Kato, Y., Sagesaka, Y. M., Takihara-Matsuura, T., Kakuda, T., and Takeuchi, N. Reduction effect of theanine on blood pressure and brain 5-hydroxyindoles in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem. 1995;59(4):615-618. PubMed
  4. Lyon MR, Kapoor MP, Juneja LR. The effects of L-theanine (Suntheanine®) on objective sleep quality in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Altern Med Rev. 2011;16(4):348-
  5. Hidese S, Ota M, Wakabayashi C, et al. Effects of chronic l-theanine administration in patients with major depressive disorder: an open-label study. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2017;29(2):72-9.
  6. Tsuchiya T, Honda H, Oikawa M, et al. Oral administration of the amino acids cystine and theanine attenuates the adverse events of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Int J Clin Oncol 2016;21(6):1085-90. PubMed

See these in context on the Theanine monograph →

Creatine 86 references
  1. Koshy KM, Griswold E, Schneeberger EE. Interstitial nephritis in a patient taking creatine. N Engl J Med 1999;340:814-5. PubMed
  2. Vahedi K, Domingo V, Amarenco P, Bousser MG. Ischemic stroke in a sportsman who consumed MaHuang extract and creatine monohydrate for bodybuilding. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2000;68:112-3.
  3. Greenhaff P. Renal dysfunction accompanying oral creatine supplements. Lancet 1998;352:233-4. PubMed
  4. Vandenberghe K, Goris M, Van Hecke P, et al. Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training (abstract). J Appl Physiol 1997;83:2055-63. PubMed
  5. Hultman E, Soderlund K, Timmons JA, et al. Muscle creatine loading in men. J Appl Physiol 1996;81:232-7. PubMed
  6. Pritchard NR, Kalra PA. Renal dysfunction accompanying oral creatine supplements. Lancet 1998;351:1252-3. PubMed
  7. Poortmans JR, Auquier H, Renaut V, et al. Effect of short-term creatine supplementation on renal responses in men (abstract). Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1997;76:566-7. PubMed
  8. Poortmans JR, Francaux M. Long-term oral creatine supplementation does not impair renal function in healthy athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999;31:1108-10. PubMed
  9. Mihic S, MacDonald JR, McKenzie S, Tarnopolsky MA. Acute creatine loading increases fat-free mass, but does not affect blood pressure, plasma creatinine, or CK activity in men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32:291-6. PubMed
  10. Rawson ES, Wehnert ML, Clarkson PM. Effects of 30 days of creatine ingestion in older men. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1999;80:139-44. PubMed
  11. Earnest CP, Almada AL, Mitchell TL. High-performance capillary electrophoresis-pure creatine monohydrate reduces blood lipids in men and women. Clin Sci (Colch) 1996;91:113-8. PubMed
  12. Juhn MS. Oral creatine supplementation. Separating fact from hype. Phys Sportsmed 1999;27:47-50,53-54,56,61,89. PubMed
  13. Juhn MS, O'Kane JW, Vinci DM. Oral creatine supplementation in male collegiate athletes: a survey of dosing habits and side effects. J Am Diet Assoc 1999;99:593-5.
  14. Green AL, Hultman E, Macdonald IA, et al. Carbohydrate ingestion augments skeletal muscle creatine accumulation during creatine supplementation in humans. Am J Physiol 1996;271:E821-6. PubMed
  15. Balsom PD, Soderlund K, Sjodin B, Ekblom B. Skeletal muscle metabolism during short duration high-intensity exercise: influence of creatine supplementation. Acta Physiol Scand 1995;154:303-10. PubMed
  16. Snow RJ, McKenna MJ, Selig SE, et al. Effect of creatine supplementation on sprint exercise performance and muscle metabolism. (abstract) J Appl Physiol 1998;84:1667-73. PubMed
  17. McNaughton LR, Dalton B, Tarr J. The effects of creatine supplementation on high-intensity exercise performance in elite performers. (abstract) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1998;78:236-40. PubMed
  18. Groeneveld GJ, Veldink JH, van der Tweel I, et al. A randomized sequential trial of creatine in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2003;53:437-45. . PubMed
  19. Robinson SJ. Acute quadriceps compartment syndrome and rhabdomyolysis in a weight lifter using high-dose creatine supplementation. J Am Board Fam Pract 2000;13:134-7. PubMed
  20. Kammer RT. Lone atrial fibrillation associated with creatine monohydrate supplementation. Pharmacotherapy 2005;25:762-4. PubMed
  21. Gualano B, Ugrinowitsch C, Novaes RB, et al. Effects of creatine supplementation on renal function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008;103:33-40. PubMed
  22. Pfeffer, G., Majamaa, K., Turnbull, D. M., Thorburn, D., and Chinnery, P. F. Treatment for mitochondrial disorders. Cochrane Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;4:CD004426. PubMed
  23. Boos, C. J., White, S. H., Bland, S. A., and McAllister, P. D. Dietary supplements and military operations: caution is advised. J R.Army Med Corps 2010;156(1):41-43. PubMed
  24. Kreider, R. B. Dietary supplements and the promotion of muscle growth with resistance exercise. Sports Med 1999;27(2):97-110. PubMed
  25. Juhn, M. S., O'Kane, J. W., and Vinci, D. M. Oral creatine supplementation in male collegiate athletes: a survey of dosing habits and side effects. J Am.Diet.Assoc 1999;99(5):593-595.
  26. Volek, J. S., Duncan, N. D., Mazzetti, S. A., Putukian, M., Gomez, A. L., and Kraemer, W. J. No effect of heavy resistance training and creatine supplementation on blood lipids. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2000;10(2):144-156. PubMed
  27. Robinson, T. M., Sewell, D. A., Casey, A., Steenge, G., and Greenhaff, P. L. Dietary creatine supplementation does not affect some haematological indices, or indices of muscle damage and hepatic and renal function. Br.J Sports Med 2000;34(4):284-288. PubMed
  28. Tarnopolsky, M. A. Potential benefits of creatine monohydrate supplementation in the elderly. Curr.Opin.Clin Nutr.Metab Care 2000;3(6):497-502. PubMed
  29. Tarnopolsky, M. A. and MacLennan, D. P. Creatine monohydrate supplementation enhances high-intensity exercise performance in males and females. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2000;10(4):452-463. PubMed
  30. Arciero, P. J., Hannibal, N. S., III, Nindl, B. C., Gentile, C. L., Hamed, J., and Vukovich, M. D. Comparison of creatine ingestion and resistance training on energy expenditure and limb blood flow. Metabolism 2001;50(12):1429-1434. PubMed
  31. Chrusch, M. J., Chilibeck, P. D., Chad, K. E., Davison, K. S., and Burke, D. G. Creatine supplementation combined with resistance training in older men. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. 2001;33(12):2111-2117. PubMed
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