Test 7 PCT Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Image Sports
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Test 7 PCT against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Test 7 PCT is a dietary supplement by Image Sports with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for heart and cholesterol support, skin moisturizing, menstrual cramps.Based on those ingredients, 1,063 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Ginger, Clove, Safflower. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Test 7 PCT by Image Sports
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Test 7 PCT by Image Sports — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Test 7 PCT by Image Sports
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Test 7 PCT is a four-ingredient capsule featuring safflower, curculigo, clove, and ginger as its active components, plus a proprietary blend labeled ULTRA CONCENTRATED TEST BOOSTING / PCT MATRIX. The inactive ingredients are gelatin (capsule shell), microcrystalline cellulose, capsicum annuum, magnesium stearate, FD&C Blue No.
1, and titanium dioxide.
Does it work?
Leans against
The evidence for this product's active ingredients is mixed and mostly insufficient. Safflower shows insufficient reliable evidence for unstable angina, coronary heart disease, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, and diabetic nephropathy.
Clove is possibly effective for ventilator-associated pneumonia but has insufficient evidence for cough, acute pain, and dyspepsia. Ginger is possibly effective for pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting and dysmenorrhea, and possibly effective for osteoarthritis, but possibly ineffective for exercise-induced muscle soreness and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
We hold no effectiveness data for curculigo or the proprietary blend.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Safflower oil in food amounts is generally well tolerated, but concentrated extracts and high-dose supplements have less safety data; serious liver failure has been reported in at least seven case reports, though the exact doses and duration that caused it are unclear. Safflower should be avoided in medicinal amounts during pregnancy, and there isn't enough data on medicinal safflower while breastfeeding.
Clove as a food spice is safe, but concentrated clove oil and supplements can be irritating or toxic in large amounts; doses of only 5–10 mL of clove oil can be toxic in children, and rare serious adverse effects include liver failure. Ginger is generally well tolerated in typical food and supplement amounts, though doses above 5 grams daily increase the risk of side effects; common adverse effects include abdominal discomfort, burping, diarrhea, heartburn, and mouth irritation.
Ginger is likely safe in pregnancy and lactation, though you should check with your doctor first and keep amounts moderate.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking this product, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take any blood thinners (anticoagulants) or antiplatelet drugs — safflower, ginger, and clove all carry moderate risk of increased bleeding. If you're on diabetes medication (insulin or oral drugs), alert your provider, as safflower, clove, and ginger may lower blood sugar further.
Tell your pharmacist about any cancer medications or heart drugs metabolized by your liver (CYP3A4), as clove and ginger may raise their levels. Finally, if you take losartan or any drug that depends on the P-glycoprotein transporter, mention this product when you refill, as ginger may affect how your body absorbs or clears them.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with graded evidence leaning against its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This product combines three herbal ingredients with known effects on blood clotting and blood sugar, making it important to review your current medications — especially blood thinners, diabetes drugs, and heart medications — before starting. If you take any prescription medication, use the checker on this page with your exact drug names, then talk to your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you.
Ginger and safflower can raise bleeding risk, and all three ingredients may alter how antidiabetes drugs work, so professional guidance is essential.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 3 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 25, 2014.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Test 7 PCT, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Image Sports |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 859123003883 |
| Net contents | 28 Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Mar 25, 2014 |
| DSLD ID | 31185 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Test 7 PCT by Image Sports, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Safflower | 0 Not Present | -- |
| Curculigo | 0 Not Present | -- |
| Clove | 0 Not Present | -- |
| ULTRA CONCENTRATED TEST BOOSTING / PCT MATRIX(TM) | 450 mg | -- |
| Ginger | 0 Not Present | -- |
Other ingredients: Gelatin, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Capsicum annuum, Magnesium Stearate, FD&C Blue No. 1, Titanium Dioxide
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements
LIMITED EDITION INCLUDES: 1 MONTH SUPPLY 7 DAY FAST TRACK PLAN FREE TRAINING T-SHIRT SEE BACK SIDE FOR DETAILS >>
For use in conjunction with: MASS / MUSCLE BUILDING PROGRAMS* – STRENGTH TRAINING*
HIGH SPEED 3-IN-1 REGIMEN
When combined with a proper exercise and nutrition regimen. Statements based on early-stage independent 3rd party in vivo and / or in vitro model scientific research data findings.
FREE T-SHIRT INSIDE! XL SIZE ONLY
THE ULTIMATE 1 MONTH PROTOCOL FOR MUSCLE BUILDING PROGRAMS*
Please read entire label before use.
Seals/Symbols
i IMAGESPORTS
TEST 7 PCT(TM)
General
Rev. 01-003-BIG002 06/13
FDA Statement of Identity
DIETARY SUPPLEMENT
FDA Disclaimer Statement
THESE STATEMENTS HAVE NOT BEEN EVALUATED BY THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION. THIS PRODUCT IS NOT INTENDED TO DIAGNOSE, TREAT, CURE, OR PREVENT ANY DISEASE.
Brand IP Statement(s)
The B.I.G(TM) Kit is a High Speed, 3-IN-1, regimen designed to support the proper foundation for building muscle.* This is the ultimate supplement combination, and IMAGE SPORTS has it down - lock and key.* MUSCLE AGENT(TM), ALARM ULTRA(TM) and TEST 7 PCT(TM) are intended to work in synergy in this mind-blowing muscular initiative.*
MUSCLE AGENT(TM), ALARM ULTRA(TM) and TEST 7 PCT(TM) are intended to work in synergy in this mind-blowing muscular initiative.*
TEST 7 PCT(TM) Scientific data suggest ingredients in TEST 7 PCT(TM) may possess specific, dual-acting testosterone enhancing and estrogenic regulating properties.*
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested Use: Take one (1) capsule daily (in the morning) at the same time each day, or as directed by a qualified healthcare practitioner. Best if taken on a full stomach. For best results take four to eight (4-8) consecutive weeks (1-2 Cycles). An eight (8) week break between cycles is recommended.
STACKING PROTOCOL WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 TEST 7 PCT(TM) 1 CAPSULE PER DAY 1 CAPSULE PER DAY 1 CAPSULE PER DAY 1 CAPSULE PER DAY
Precautions
Do not exceed recommended dose. Do not take for more than eight (8) consecutive weeks.
KEEP THIS PRODUCT AND ALL SUPPLEMENTS OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.
Do not take for more than eight (8) consecutive weeks.
This product should not be taken by pregnant or lactating women. Get the consent of a licensed physician before using this product, especially if you are taking medication, have a medical condition, or thinking about becoming pregnant.
Warnings: Not intended for use by persons under age 18.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Test 7 PCT by Image Sports label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Test 7 PCT by Image Sports
These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container28 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Other (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Capsicum annuum, Magnesium Stearate, FD&C Blue No. 1, Titanium Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Test 7 PCT by Image Sports Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Image Sports Test 7 PCT contains safflower, clove, and ginger — three ingredients with documented interactions, primarily affecting blood thinners, diabetes medications, and how your body processes certain drugs.
The most serious interaction is moderate: safflower oil may increase bleeding risk when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs (blood thinners) and warfarin specifically, with one case report documenting elevated bleeding markers after high-dose safflower extract.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Beyond blood thinners, all three active ingredients may interact with antidiabetes drugs — safflower and clove theoretically by altering blood sugar, ginger by potentially lowering it further — so if you take insulin or oral diabetes medication, dosing adjustments may be needed. Clove's main constituent, eugenol, may increase blood levels of several types of drugs your liver processes (those metabolized by CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9), an effect seen in the laboratory but not yet confirmed in humans.
Ginger adds further moderate interactions: it may boost losartan levels and blood-pressure-lowering effects, inhibit the CYP3A4 enzyme (potentially raising levels of cancer drugs and other medications), and increase absorption of certain drug transporters.
Clove also carries a minor interaction with topical ibuprofen (increased absorption) and antiplatelet drugs, while ginger may increase bleeding risk with warfarin-like drugs and nifedipine. Altogether, these interactions span 1,064 individual medications.
We could not check curculigo, so we hold no data on its interactions. Use the medication checker below with your exact prescriptions before starting this product.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Test 7 PCT?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Test 7 PCT interact with 1,063 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
3 of the 4 ingredients in Test 7 PCT interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Ginger Clove Safflower
Acetaminophen, OrphenadrineOrfenagesic
How Acetaminophen, Orphenadrine interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CloveCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove + Acetaminophen, Orphenadrine interactionGingerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2b6 (cyp2b6) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Acetaminophen, Orphenadrine interactionAcetaminophen, OxycodonePercocet, Roxicet, Tylox, Xartemis XR
How Acetaminophen, Oxycodone interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CloveCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Clove + Acetaminophen, Oxycodone interactionGingerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Acetaminophen, Oxycodone interactionAcetaminophen, Pamabrom, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength PMS, Pamprin, Pamprin ES
How Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CloveCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove + Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interactionGingerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, PentazocineTalacen
How Acetaminophen, Pentazocine interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CloveCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove + Acetaminophen, Pentazocine interactionGingerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Acetaminophen, Pentazocine interactionAcetaminophen, Phenylephrine, ChlorpheniramineSuper Cold Tabs
How Acetaminophen, Phenylephrine, Chlorpheniramine interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CloveCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove + Acetaminophen, Phenylephrine, Chlorpheniramine interactionGingerCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Acetaminophen, Phenylephrine, Chlorpheniramine interactionAcetaminophen, PhenylpropanolamineTetra Caps
How Acetaminophen, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CloveCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove + Acetaminophen, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGingerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Acetaminophen, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, Phenylpropanolamine, PhenyltoloxamineSinubid
How Acetaminophen, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CloveCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove + Acetaminophen, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionGingerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Acetaminophen, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionAcetaminophen, PhenyltoloxaminePercogesic, Relagesic
How Acetaminophen, Phenyltoloxamine interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CloveCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove + Acetaminophen, Phenyltoloxamine interactionGingerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Acetaminophen, Phenyltoloxamine interactionAcetaminophen, Phenyltoloxamine, SalicylamideLobac
How Acetaminophen, Phenyltoloxamine, Salicylamide interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CloveCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove + Acetaminophen, Phenyltoloxamine, Salicylamide interactionGingerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Acetaminophen, Phenyltoloxamine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, PropoxypheneDarvocet-N 100, Darvocet-N 50, E-Lor, Wygesic
How Acetaminophen, Propoxyphene interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CloveCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove + Acetaminophen, Propoxyphene interactionGingerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Acetaminophen, Propoxyphene interactionAcetaminophen, PseudoephedrineChildren's Tylenol Sinus, Dristan N.D., Non-Aspirin Sinus, Ornex, Ornex-Max, Sinutab +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CloveCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove + Acetaminophen, Pseudoephedrine interactionGingerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Acetaminophen, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, Pseudoephedrine, TriprolidineActifed Plus ES
How Acetaminophen, Pseudoephedrine, Triprolidine interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CloveCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove + Acetaminophen, Pseudoephedrine, Triprolidine interactionGingerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Acetaminophen, Pseudoephedrine, Triprolidine interactionAcetohexamideDymelor
How Acetohexamide interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CloveAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove extracts with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Clove + Acetohexamide interactionGingerAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ginger with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Ginger + Acetohexamide interactionSafflowerAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, safflower oil might alter the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Safflower + Acetohexamide interactionAcetylsalicylic AcidEntrophen
How Acetylsalicylic Acid interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SafflowerAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of safflower oil might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Safflower + Acetylsalicylic Acid interactionGingerAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Ginger + Acetylsalicylic Acid interactionCloveAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, clove oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Clove + Acetylsalicylic Acid interactionAdagrasibKrazati
How Adagrasib interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CloveCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove + Adagrasib interactionGingerCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Adagrasib interactionAerosphere Budesonide, Formoterol Fumarate, GlycopyrrolateBreztri
How Aerosphere Budesonide, Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CloveCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Read the full Clove + Aerosphere Budesonide, Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate interactionGingerCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Aerosphere Budesonide, Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate interactionAfatinib DimaleateGilotrif
How Afatinib Dimaleate interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GingerP-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase the absorption and blood levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Afatinib Dimaleate interactionAgomelatineValdoxan
How Agomelatine interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CloveCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove + Agomelatine interactionGingerCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Agomelatine interactionAlbiglutideTanzeum
How Albiglutide interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GingerAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ginger with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Ginger + Albiglutide interactionCloveAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove extracts with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Clove + Albiglutide interactionSafflowerAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, safflower oil might alter the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Safflower + Albiglutide interactionAlfentanilAlfenta
How Alfentanil interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GingerCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Alfentanil interactionCloveCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove + Alfentanil interactionAlfuzosinUroxatral
How Alfuzosin interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CloveCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove + Alfuzosin interactionGingerCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Alfuzosin interactionAliskirenTekturna
How Aliskiren interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GingerCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Aliskiren interactionCloveCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove + Aliskiren interactionAlmotriptanAlmogran, Axert
How Almotriptan interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CloveCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove + Almotriptan interactionGingerCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Almotriptan interactionAlogliptinNesina
How Alogliptin interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GingerAntidiabetes Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ginger with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Ginger + Alogliptin interactionSafflowerAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, safflower oil might alter the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Safflower + Alogliptin interactionCloveAntidiabetes Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove extracts with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Clove + Alogliptin interactionAlogliptin, MetforminKazano
How Alogliptin, Metformin interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GingerAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ginger with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Ginger + Alogliptin, Metformin interactionSafflowerAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, safflower oil might alter the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Safflower + Alogliptin, Metformin interactionCloveAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove extracts with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Clove + Alogliptin, Metformin interactionAlogliptin, PioglitazoneOseni
How Alogliptin, Pioglitazone interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CloveAntidiabetes Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove extracts with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Clove + Alogliptin, Pioglitazone interactionSafflowerAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, safflower oil might alter the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Safflower + Alogliptin, Pioglitazone interactionGingerCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Antidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Alogliptin, Pioglitazone interactionAlpelisibPiqray
How Alpelisib interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GingerCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Alpelisib interactionCloveCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove + Alpelisib interactionAlprazolamNiravam, Xanax
How Alprazolam interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GingerCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Alprazolam interactionCloveCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove + Alprazolam interactionAlteplase, TpaActilyse, Activase
How Alteplase, Tpa interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GingerAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Ginger + Alteplase, Tpa interactionSafflowerAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of safflower oil might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Safflower + Alteplase, Tpa interactionCloveAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, clove oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Clove + Alteplase, Tpa interactionAluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium HydroxideAscriptin Codeine #2
How Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium Hydroxide interacts with Test 7 PCT — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SafflowerAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of safflower oil might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Safflower + Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium Hydroxide interactionGingerAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Ginger + Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium Hydroxide interactionCloveCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Clove + Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium Hydroxide interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Test 7 PCT with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Ginger
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Ginger may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. However, research is conflicting.
Laboratory research suggests that ginger inhibits thromboxane synthetase and decreases platelet aggregation. However, this has not been demonstrated unequivocally in humans, with mixed results from clinical trials. Theoretically, excessive amounts of ginger might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking ginger with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal and human research suggests that ginger might increase insulin levels and/or decrease blood glucose levels.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research and some case reports suggest that ginger inhibits CYP3A4 activity. Three case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describe increased toxicity in patients taking ginger and cancer medications that are CYP3A4 substrates (imatinib, dabrafenib, and crizotinib). However, the causality of this interaction is unclear due to the presence of multiple interacting drugs and routes of administration.
Conversely, other in vitro research suggests that ginger induces CYP3A4 activity, leading to reduced levels of CYP3A4 substrates. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Losartan (Cozaar)
Theoretically, ginger might increase levels of losartan and the risk of hypotension.
In animal research, ginger increased the levels and hypotensive effects of a single dose of losartan. It is not clear if ginger alters the concentration or effects of losartan when taken continuously. Additionally, this interaction has not been shown in humans.
Nifedipine (Procardia)
Ginger may have antiplatelet effects and increase the risk of bleeding if used with nifedipine.
Clinical research shows that combined treatment with ginger 1 gram plus nifedipine 10 mg significantly inhibits platelet aggregation when compared to nifedipine or ginger alone.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Ginger might increase the absorption and blood levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
In vitro research and case reports suggest that ginger inhibits drug efflux by P-gp, potentially increasing absorption and serum levels of P-gp substrates. Two case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describe increased toxicity in patients taking ginger and cancer medications that are P-gp substrates (trametinib, crizotinib). However, the causality of this interaction is unclear due to the presence of multiple interacting drugs and routes of administration.
Phenprocoumon (Marcoumar, Others)
Ginger might increase the risk of bleeding with phenprocoumon.
Phenprocoumon, a warfarin-related anticoagulant, might increase the international normalized ratio (INR) when taken with ginger. There is one case report of a 76-year-old woman with a stable INR on phenprocoumon that increased to greater than 10 when she began consuming dried ginger and ginger tea.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Ginger might increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Laboratory research suggests that ginger might inhibit thromboxane synthetase and decrease platelet aggregation. In one case report, ginger increased the INR when taken with phenprocoumon, which has similar pharmacological effects as warfarin. In another case report, ginger increased the INR when taken with a combination of warfarin, hydrochlorothiazide, and acetaminophen. A longitudinal analysis suggests that taking ginger increases the risk of bleeding in patients taking warfarin for at least 4 months. However, research in healthy people suggests that ginger has no effect on INR, or the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of warfarin. Until more is known, monitor INRs closely in patients taking large amounts of ginger.
Calcium Channel Blockers
Theoretically, taking ginger with calcium channel blockers might increase the risk of hypotension.
Some animal and in vitro research suggests that ginger has hypotensive and calcium channel-blocking effects. Another animal study shows that concomitant administration of ginger and the calcium channel blocker amlodipine leads to greater reductions in blood pressure when compared with amlodipine alone.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Theoretically, when taken prior to cyclosporine, ginger might decrease cyclosporine levels.
In an animal model, ginger juice taken 2 hours prior to cyclosporine administration reduced the maximum concentration and area under the curve of cyclosporine by 51% and 40%, respectively. This effect was not observed when ginger juice and cyclosporine were administered at the same time.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ginger inhibits CYP1A2 activity. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP2B6 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ginger inhibits CYP2B6 activity. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ginger inhibits CYP2C9 activity. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Theoretically, ginger might increase levels of metronidazole.
In an animal model, ginger increased the absorption and plasma half-life of metronidazole. In addition, the elimination rate and clearance of metronidazole was significantly reduced.
Clove
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove extracts with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical and laboratory research suggest that polyphenol extracts from clove flower buds might lower blood glucose levels. Dosing adjustments for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents may be necessary when taken with clove. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP1A2 in a dose-dependent manner,. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, inhibits CYP2C9 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP2D6 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, clove oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Laboratory research suggests that eugenol, a constituent of clove, has antiplatelet activity. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Ibuprofen (Advil, Others)
Theoretically, topical application of clove oil with ibuprofen might increase the absorption and side effects of topical ibuprofen.
Laboratory research shows that topical application of clove oil increases the absorption of topical ibuprofen. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Safflower
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
High doses of safflower oil might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Small clinical studies show that taking safflower oil, approximately 55 grams daily for 2-3 weeks, decreases platelet aggregation. However, taking lower doses of safflower oil, such as 5 grams daily for 4 weeks, does not seem to affect platelet function. In one case report, a 74-year-old male stabilized on warfarin developed urinary tract bleeding and an elevated INR after taking a safflower extract 20 grams daily for 14 days.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, safflower oil might alter the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Some clinical research shows that taking safflower oil 10 grams daily for 3 weeks can increase fasting blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, clinical research in patients with metabolic syndrome with or without impaired glucose tolerance shows that taking safflower oil 8 grams daily for 12 weeks reduces fasting glucose levels by around 8 mg/dL. Some clinical research also shows that taking safflower oil 8 grams daily for 16 weeks does not affect fasting glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Warfarin
Theoretically, safflower oil might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin.
In one case report, a 74-year-old male stabilized on warfarin developed urinary tract bleeding and an elevated INR after taking a safflower extract 20 grams daily for 14 days.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Test 7 PCT, from the product label.
Image Sports
See all Image Sports products- Name
- Image Sports
- City
- Fort Lauderdale
- State
- FL
- ZipCode
- 33301
Test 7 PCT by Image Sports: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Test 7 PCT’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Safflower
Interacts with 208 drugsSafflower is a thistle-like plant used mainly for its seed oil (a common cooking oil) and its colorful flowers. Safflower oil is a reasonable source of unsaturated fats, but strong proof tha...
Read the full Safflower monograph → Herb & supplement monographClove
Interacts with 977 drugsClove is a common cooking spice that is also used in traditional medicine, especially as a topical numbing agent for tooth pain thanks to its main compound, eugenol. Food amounts are general...
Read the full Clove monograph → Herb & supplement monographGinger
Interacts with 1,007 drugsGinger is a widely used culinary spice with a long history in traditional medicine, and it has the strongest evidence for helping with nausea and vomiting, including from motion sickness, pr...
Read the full Ginger monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Test 7 PCT's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 104 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Safflower 14 references
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Borkman M, Chisholm DJ, Furler SM, et al. Effects of fish oil supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM. Diabetes 1989;38:1314-9.. PubMed
- Amato, P. and Quercia, R. A. A historical perspective and review of the safety of lipid emulsion in pregnancy. Nutr Clin Pract. 1991;6(5):189-192. PubMed
- Demke, D. M., Peters, G. R., Linet, O. I., Metzler, C. M., and Klott, K. A. Effects of a fish oil concentrate in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 1988;70(1-2):73-80. PubMed
- Kaji, K., Yoshida, S., Nagata, N., Yamashita, T., Mizukoshi, E., Honda, M., Kojima, Y., and Kaneko, S. An open-label study of administration of EH0202, a health-food additive, to patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol. 2004;39(9):873-878. PubMed
- Kwon, J. S., Snook, J. T., Wardlaw, G. M., and Hwang, D. H. Effects of diets high in saturated fatty acids, canola oil, or safflower oil on platelet function, thromboxane B2 formation, and fatty acid composition of platelet phospholipids. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. PubMed
- Lloyd-Still, J. D., Simon, S. H., Wessel, H. U., and Gibson, L. E. Negative effects of oral fatty acid supplementation on sweat chloride in cystic fibrosis. Pediatrics 1979;64(1):50-52. DOI
- Challen, A. D., Branch, W. J., and Cummings, J. H. The effect of aspirin and linoleic acid on platelet aggregation, platelet fatty acid composition and haemostasis in man. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 1983;37(3):197-208.
- Asp ML, Collene AL, Norris LE, Cole RM, Stout MB, Tang SY, Hsu JC, Belury MA. Time-dependent effects of safflower oil to improve glycemia, inflammation and blood lipids in obese, post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-masked, cro
- Liu Y, Liu S, Shi Y, et al. Effects of safflower injection on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of warfarin in rats. Xenobiotica. 2017 Oct 25:1-6. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
- de Ataide EC, Reges Perales S, de Oliveira Peres MA, et al. Acute liver failure induced by Carthamus tinctorius oil: Case reports and literature review. Transplant Proc. 2018;50(2):476-477. PubMed
- Ruyvaran M, Zamani A, Mohamadian A, et al. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) oil could improve abdominal obesity, blood pressure, and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. PubMed
Clove 26 references
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
- Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. Contact Dermatitis 1996;35:157-62. PubMed
- Chen SJ, Wang MH, Chen IJ. Antiplatelet and calcium inhibitory properties of eugenol and sodium eugenol acetate. Gen Pharmacol 1996;27:629-33. PubMed
- Malson JL, Lee EM, Murty R, et al. Clove cigarette smoking: biochemical, physiological, and subjective effects. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003;74:739-45. PubMed
- Kirsch CM, Yenokida GG, Jensen WA, et al. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema due to the intravenous administration of clove oil. Thorax 1990;45:235-6. PubMed
- Pallares, D. E. Link between clove cigarettes and urticaria? Postgrad.Med 10-1-1999;106(4):153. PubMed
- Barnard, D. R. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. 1999;36(5):625-629. PubMed
- Sanchez-Perez, J. and Garcia-Diez, A. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from eugenol, oil of cinnamon and oil of cloves in a physiotherapist. Contact Dermatitis 1999;41(6):346-347. PubMed
- Andersen, K. E., Johansen, J. D., Bruze, M., Frosch, P. J., Goossens, A., Lepoittevin, J. P., Rastogi, S., White, I., and Menne, T. The time-dose-response relationship for elicitation of contact dermatitis in isoeugenol allergic individuals. Toxicol.Appl PubMed
- Alqareer, A., Alyahya, A., and Andersson, L. The effect of clove and benzocaine versus placebo as topical anesthetics. J Dent 2006;34(10):747-750. PubMed
- Lane, B. W., Ellenhorn, M. J., Hulbert, T. V., and McCarron, M. Clove oil ingestion in an infant. Hum.Exp Toxicol. 1991;10(4):291-294. PubMed
- Quirce, S., Fernandez-Nieto, M., del, Pozo, V, Sastre, B., and Sastre, J. Occupational asthma and rhinitis caused by eugenol in a hairdresser. Allergy 2008;63(1):137-138. PubMed
- Srivastava, K. C. and Malhotra, N. Acetyl eugenol, a component of oil of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum L.) inhibits aggregation and alters arachidonic acid metabolism in human blood platelets. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 1991;42(1):73-81. PubMed
- Dyrbye, B. A., Dubois, L., Vink, R., and Horn, J. A patient with clove oil intoxication. Anaesth.Intensive Care 2012;40(2):365-366.
- Guidotti, T. L., Laing, L., and Prakash, U. B. Clove cigarettes. The basis for concern regarding health effects. West J Med 1989;151(2):220-228.
- Anonymous. Evaluation of the health hazard of clove cigarettes. Council on Scientific Affairs. JAMA 12-23-1988;260(24):3641-3644. DOI
- Romaguera, C., Alomar, A., Camarasa, J. M., Garcia, Bravo B., Garcia, Perez A., Grimalt, F., Guerra, P., Lopez, Gorretcher B., Pascual, A. M., Miranda, A., and . Contact dermatitis in children. Contact Dermatitis 1985;12(5):283-284. PubMed
- Hackett, P. H., Rodriguez, G., and Roach, R. C. Clove cigarettes and high-altitude pulmonary edema. JAMA 6-28-1985;253(24):3551-3552. DOI
- Isaacs, G. Permanent local anaesthesia and anhidrosis after clove oil spillage. Lancet 4-16-1983;1(8329):882. PubMed
- Saeed, S. A. and Gilani, A. H. Antithrombotic activity of clove oil. J Pak Med Assoc 1994;44(5):112-115.
- Hartnoll, G., Moore, D., and Douek, D. Near fatal ingestion of oil of cloves. Arch.Dis Child 1993;69(3):392-393. PubMed
- Srivastava, K. C. Antiplatelet principles from a food spice clove (Syzygium aromaticum L) [corrected]. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 1993;48(5):363-372.
- Jiang Q, Wu Y, Zhang H, et al. Development of essential oils as skin permeation enhancers: penetration enhancement effect and mechanism of action. Pharmaceutical Biol. 2017;55(1):1592-1600. PubMed
- Mohan R, Jose S, Mulakkal J, Karpinsky-Semper D, Swick AG, Krishnakumar IM. Water-soluble polyphenol-rich clove extract lowers pre- and post-prandial blood glucose levels in healthy and prediabetic volunteers: an open label pilot study. BMC Complement Alt PubMed
- Alharbi NFM, Ahad A, Bin Jardan YA, Al-Jenoobi FI. Effect of eugenol on cytochrome P450 1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 activity in human liver microsomes. Saudi Pharm J 2024;32(7):102118. PubMed
Ginger 64 references
- Fischer-Rasmussen W, Kjaer SK, Dahl C, Asping U. Ginger treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991;38:19-24. PubMed
- Jewell D, Young G. Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD000145. PubMed
- Vutyavanich T, Kraisarin T, Ruangsri R. Ginger for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2001;97:577-82. DOI
- Backon J. Ginger in preventing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy; a caveat due to its thromboxane synthetase activity and effect on testosterone binding. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991;42:163-4. PubMed
- Srivastava KC. Effect of onion and ginger consumption on platelet thromboxane production in humans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1989;35:183-5. PubMed
- Stewart JJ, Wood MJ, Wood CD, Mims ME. Effects of ginger on motion sickness susceptibility and gastric function. Pharmacology 1991;42:111-20. PubMed
- Smith C, Crowther C, Willson K, et al. A randomized controlled trial of ginger to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2004;103:639-45. PubMed
- Portnoi G, Chng LA, Karimi-Tabesh L, et al. Prospective comparative study of the safety and effectiveness of ginger for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;189:1374-7.. PubMed
- Wigler I, Grotto I, Caspi D, Yaron M. The effects of Zintona EC (a ginger extract) on symptomatic gonarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2003;11:783-9. PubMed
- Ghayur MN, Gilani AH. Ginger lowers blood pressure through blockade of voltage-dependent calcium channels. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2005;45:74-80. PubMed
- Thomson M, Al-Qattan KK, Al-Sawan SM, et al. The use of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) as a potential anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic agent. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2002;67:475-8. PubMed
- Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. Contact Dermatitis 1996;35:157-62. PubMed
- Akhani SP, Vishwakarma SL, Goyal RK. Anti-diabetic activity of Zingiber officinale in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2004;56:101-5.
- Kruth P, Brosi E, Fux R, et al. Ginger-associated overanticoagulation by phenprocoumon. Ann Pharmacother 2004;38:257-60. PubMed
- Jiang X, Williams KM, Liauw WS, et al. Effect of ginkgo and ginger on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005;59:425-32. PubMed
- Borrelli F, Capasso R, Aviello G, et al. Effectiveness and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:849-56. PubMed
- Smith C, Crowther C, Wilson K et al. A randomized controlled trial of ginger to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2004;103:639-45. PubMed
- Jiang X, Blair EY, McLachlan AJ. Investigation of the effects of herbal medicines on warfarin response in healthy subjects: a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling approach. J Clin Pharmacol 2006;46:1370-8. PubMed
- Chittumma P, Kaewkiattikun K, Wiriyasiriwach B. Comparison of the effectiveness of ginger and vitamin B6 for treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai 2007;90:15-20.
- Ozgoli G, Goli M, Moattar F. Comparison of effects of ginger, mefenamic acid, and ibuprofen on pain in women with primary dysmenorrhea. J Altern Complement Med 2009;15:129-32. PubMed
- Black CD, Herring MP, Hurley DJ, O'Connor PJ. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reduces muscle pain caused by eccentric exercise. J Pain 2010;11:894-903. PubMed
- Heitmann K, Nordeng H, Holst L. Safety of ginger use in pregnancy: results from a large population-based cohort study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2012 Jun 17. PubMed
- Ryan JL, Heckler CE, Roscoe JA, et al. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reduces acute chemotherapy-induced nausea: a URCC CCOP study of 576 patients. Support Care Cancer. 2012;20:1479-89. PubMed
- Backon J. Ginger as an antiemetic: possible side effects due to its thromboxane synthetase activity. Anaesthesia. 1991;46(8):705-6.. PubMed
- Abebe W. Herbal medication: potential for adverse interactions with analgesic drugs. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2002;27:391-401. PubMed
- Argento A, Tiraferri E, Marzaloni M. [Oral anticoagulants and medicinal plants. An emerging interaction]. Ann Ital Med Int. 2000;15:139-43.
- Young HY, Liao JC, Chang YS, et al. Synergistic effect of ginger and nifedipine on human platelet aggregation: a study in hypertensive patients and normal volunteers. Am J Chin Med. 2006;34:545-51. PubMed
- Greenway FL, Liu Z, Martin CK, et al. Safety and efficacy of NT, an herbal supplement, in treating human obesity. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006;30:1737-41. PubMed
- Shalansky S, Lynd L, Richardson K, et al. Risk of warfarin-related bleeding events and supratherapeutic international normalized ratios associated with complementary and alternative medicine: a longitudinal analysis. Pharmacotherapy. 2007;27:1237-47. PubMed
- Lesho EP, Saullo L, Udvari-Nagy S. A 76-year-old woman with erratic anticoagulation. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004;71:651-6. PubMed
- Okonta JM, Uboh M, Obonga WO. Herb-Drug Interaction: A Case Study of Effect of Ginger on the Pharmacokinetic of Metronidazole in Rabbit. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (India) 2008;70(230):232. PubMed
- Chiang HM, Chao PD, Hsiu SL, et al. Ginger significantly decreased the oral bioavailability of cyclosporine in rats. Am J Chin Med. 2006;34:845-55. PubMed
- Bhandari U, Kanojia R, Pillai KK. Effect of ethanolic extract of Zingiber officinale on dyslipidaemia in diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;97:227-30. PubMed
- Ojewole JA. Analgesic, antiinflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects of ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale (Roscoe) rhizomes (Zingiberaceae) in mice and rats. Phytother Res. 2006;20:764-72.
- Al-Amin ZM, Thomson M, Al-Qattan KK, et al. Anti-diabetic and hypolipidaemic properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Br J Nutr. 2006;96:660-6.
- Islam MS, Choi H. Comparative effects of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) investigated in a type 2 diabetes model of rats. J Med Food. 2008;11:152-9.
- Cady RK, Goldstein J, Nett R, et al. A double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study of sublingual feverfew and ginger (LipiGesic M) in the treatment of migraine. Headache 2011;51:1078-86.
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