Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Vital Nutrients

Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored is a dietary supplement by Vital Nutrients with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for memory and cognitive support, age-related cognitive decline, attention and focus (adhd).Based on those ingredients, 358 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Phosphatidylserine, Acetyl-L-Carnitine, Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored by Vital Nutrients

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored by Vital Nutrients — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored by Vital Nutrients

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This powder contains three active ingredients aimed at brain function. Phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid (a type of fat) that supports cell membranes in the brain.

Acetyl-L-carnitine is an amino acid derivative that plays a role in cellular energy production. Alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC) is a choline compound that supports acetylcholine, a key brain chemical.

The product also contains glutamine and natural lemon flavor as inactive ingredients.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Memory and cognitive support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease, Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Cognitive function, Dementia, Vascular dementia — and 3 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Acetyl-l-carnitine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Age-related cognitive decline (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Acetyl-l-carnitine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Alzheimer disease.
  • Also on file: Phosphatidylserine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease.

The evidence here is mixed. Phosphatidylserine is possibly effective for age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer disease, but the data on athletic performance, ADHD, general cognitive function, and other dementias isn't established.

Acetyl-L-carnitine is possibly effective for age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease, alcohol use disorder, diabetic nerve pain, and depression. Alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine is possibly effective for Alzheimer disease, but evidence for brain tumors, general cognitive function, stroke, and vascular dementia (narrowed blood vessels in the brain) isn't established.

For many of the conditions people buy brain powders for, the evidence in our data is insufficient to say whether this product works.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Phosphatidylserine Acetyl-l-carnitine Alpha-gpc

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

All three ingredients are generally well tolerated in short-term studies, but long-term safety isn't fully established. Side effects from phosphatidylserine and acetyl-L-carnitine can include headache, insomnia, nausea, and gastrointestinal upset like flatulence.

Acetyl-L-carnitine may also cause agitation, dry mouth, reduced appetite, or a fishy odor to urine and sweat. Alpha-GPC is rarely associated with dizziness, excitation, headache, insomnia, nausea, and heartburn—and importantly, oral use for at least two months has been rarely linked to an elevated stroke risk compared to non-use or shorter use.

During pregnancy, phosphatidylserine and acetyl-L-carnitine safety data advises against use. For alpha-GPC in pregnancy, and for all three ingredients while breastfeeding, there isn't enough information to know either way—talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Phosphatidylserine Acetyl-l-carnitine Alpha-gpc

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Acetyl-l-carnitine, Phosphatidylserine, Alpha-gpc.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs.
  • For scale: 358 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your pharmacist or doctor if you take anticholinergic drugs or cholinergic drugs (phosphatidylserine may interfere with both), blood thinners like warfarin or acenocoumarol (acetyl-L-carnitine may increase bleeding risk), thyroid hormone replacement (acetyl-L-carnitine may reduce effectiveness), serotonergic drugs such as antidepressants (acetyl-L-carnitine may increase serotonin-related side effects), or scopolamine motion sickness patches (alpha-GPC may decrease effectiveness). These are Moderate or Minor interactions—serious enough to warrant a conversation before you start.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may help with age-related cognitive decline or Alzheimer disease, but evidence for other brain-related conditions is limited. If you take anticholinergic or cholinergic drugs, blood thinners, thyroid medication, serotonergic drugs (like antidepressants), or scopolamine patches, check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting—these interactions could affect how your medications work.

Long-term safety and pregnancy/breastfeeding safety aren't fully known, so discuss those with your healthcare provider too.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 21, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored, straight from the product label.

Brand Vital Nutrients
Barcode (UPC) 693465464113
Net contents 180 Gram(s); 6.3 Ounce(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Dec 21, 2024
DSLD ID 305185
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored by Vital Nutrients, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
5 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
10 Gram(s)
Servings per container
36
UPC/BARCODE
693465464113
IngredientAmount% DV
Phosphatidylserine150 mg--
Acetyl-L-Carnitine850 mg--
Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine600 mg--

Other ingredients: Glutamine, natural Lemon flavor

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Storage

Store sealed in a cool dry place

Precautions

Keep out of reach of children.

Use only if safety seal is intact

Warning: If pregnant, consult your physician before taking.

Inner seal may lift off when cap is removed. Seal integrity is maintained until cap is removed.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Recommendations: Mix 1 to 2 teaspoons in 8-10 ounces of your favorite beverage daily, or as directed by your healthcare professional.

Formulation

Excludes Coatings, binders, gluten (wheat, rye, barley), milk/dairy (casein, whey), soy protein, egg protein, sugar. Verified by independent testing.

Product contains natural ingredients; color variations and clumping of powder may occur which is normal.

Raw materials and finished products are independently tested by U.S. labs. Learn more at vitalnutrients.net

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored by Vital Nutrients label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored by Vital Nutrients

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size5 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container36 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Phosphatidylserine

Interacts with
219 drugs
150 mg per serving

Phosphatidylserine is a natural fat-like compound found in cell membranes, especially in the brain, and it is sold mainly to support memory and thinki...

Phosphatidylserine monograph & interactions

Acetyl-L-Carnitine

Interacts with
203 drugs
850 mg per serving Form: Acetyl-L-Carnitine Hydrochloride

Acetyl-L-carnitine is a form of the amino acid carnitine that the body uses to help produce energy in cells. It is most studied for nerve pain and mem...

Acetyl-L-Carnitine monograph & interactions

Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine

Interacts with
16 drugs
600 mg per serving Form: L-Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine

Alpha-GPC is a choline-containing compound used mainly for memory, brain health, and as a choline source. There is some evidence it may help cognition...

Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Glutamine, Natural Lemon flavor. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored by Vital Nutrients Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
358Drugs
358 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Phosphatidylserine 219
Acetyl-L-Carnitine 203
Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine 16

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored interact with 358 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 3 ingredients in Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Phosphatidylserine Acetyl-L-Carnitine Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Phosphatidylserine2 drug types · 219 drugs

Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, phosphatidylserine might decrease the effectiveness anticholinergic drugs.
Phosphatidylserine is thought to increase acetylcholine levels, which could theoretically interfere with the activity of anticholinergic agents.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, phosphatidylserine might have additive effects with cholinergic drugs.
Phosphatidylserine is thought to increase acetylcholine levels, which could theoretically lead to additive cholinergic effects when used with cholinergic drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Phosphatidylserine full monograph & interactions

Acetyl-L-Carnitine4 drug types · 203 drugs

Acenocoumarol (Sintrom)

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
L-carnitine, the parent compound of acetyl-L-carnitine, might enhance the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, an oral anticoagulant that is similar to warfarin, but shorter-acting. There are at least two case reports of INR elevation when L-carnitine was taken with acenocoumarol. In one case, a 33-year-old male with a previously stable INR had an elevated INR of 4.65 after L-carnitine was started and continued for 10 weeks. INR normalized after discontinuation of the L-carnitine-containing product. It is unclear if such an interaction would also occur with acetyl-L-carnitine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders, when taken with serotonergic drugs.
Animal research shows that acetyl-L-carnitine can increase levels of serotonin in the brain.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
L-carnitine appears to act as a peripheral thyroid hormone antagonist by inhibiting entry of thyroid hormone into the nucleus of cells. Taking L-carnitine also seems to diminish some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism. It is unclear if such an interaction would occur with acetyl-L-carnitine.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
L-carnitine, the parent compound of acetyl-L-carnitine, might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, a shorter-acting oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin. There is not enough information to know whether this interaction occurs with acetyl-L-carnitine and warfarin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Acetyl-L-Carnitine full monograph & interactions

Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine1 drug type · 16 drugs

Scopolamine (Transderm Scop)

Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
A small clinical study shows that alpha-GPC can partially counteract the attention and memory impairment effects caused by scopolamine given intramuscularly. Whether alpha-GPC can decrease the beneficial anti-motion sickness effects of the scopolamine patch (Transderm Scop) is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored, from the product label.

Vital Nutrients

See all Vital Nutrients products
Name
Vital Nutrients
Street Address
45 Kenneth Dooley Dr
City
Middletown
State
CT
ZipCode
06457
Web Address
vitalnutrients.net
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored by Vital Nutrients: Common Questions

Does Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored by Vital Nutrients interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored has a known interaction with 358 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Phosphatidylserine and acetyl-L-carnitine safety data advises against use during pregnancy. For all three ingredients while breastfeeding, there isn't enough safety information to know either way. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you in pregnancy or while nursing.
What are the most common side effects?
Headache, insomnia, nausea, and gastrointestinal upset (like flatulence or heartburn) are the most common. Acetyl-L-carnitine may also cause agitation, dry mouth, or reduced appetite. These side effects are generally mild, but if you have insomnia or stomach trouble, start low and go slow, or talk with your pharmacist.
Does this product actually work for brain health?
Phosphatidylserine and acetyl-L-carnitine are possibly effective for age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer disease. Alpha-GPC is possibly effective for Alzheimer disease. For other brain-related conditions like ADHD or general memory, the evidence we have isn't established enough to say. Results vary by person.
Is this safe to take long-term?
Long-term safety for all three ingredients hasn't been fully studied. The data shows they're generally well tolerated short-term, but we don't have enough information on what happens with years of use. Ask your pharmacist or doctor about your specific situation.
What's the difference between these three brain ingredients?
Phosphatidylserine supports the brain cell membranes. Acetyl-L-carnitine helps cells make energy. Alpha-GPC boosts acetylcholine, a chemical messenger in the brain. Together they aim to support cognitive function, but they work through different pathways.
Are there fillers or other junk in this powder?
The inactive ingredients are glutamine and natural lemon flavor. Those are the only non-active ingredients listed—no added excipients beyond what's needed for the flavor and form.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Phosphatidylserine

Interacts with 219 drugs

Phosphatidylserine is a natural fat-like compound found in cell membranes, especially in the brain, and it is sold mainly to support memory and thinking. Some research suggests possible bene...

Read the full Phosphatidylserine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Acetyl-l-carnitine

Interacts with 203 drugs

Acetyl-L-carnitine is a form of the amino acid carnitine that the body uses to help produce energy in cells. It is most studied for nerve pain and memory-related conditions, though the evide...

Read the full Acetyl-l-carnitine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Alpha-gpc

Interacts with 16 drugs

Alpha-GPC is a choline-containing compound used mainly for memory, brain health, and as a choline source. There is some evidence it may help cognition in people with dementia, but evidence i...

Read the full Alpha-gpc monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Vital Brain Powder Lemon Flavored's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 35 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Phosphatidylserine 9 references
  1. Crook T, Petrie W, Wells C, Massari DC. Effects of phosphatidylserine in Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacol Bull 1992;28:61-6.
  2. Pepping J. Phosphatidylserine. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 1999;56:2038,2043-4.
  3. Kidd PM. Phosphatidylserine; Membrane nutrient for memory. A clinical and mechanistic assessment. Altern Med Rev 1996;1:70-84.
  4. Kim HY, Akbar M, Lau A, et al. Inhibition of neuronal apoptosis by docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3). Role of phosphatidylserine in antiapoptotic effect. J Biol Chem 2000;275:35215-23.. PubMed
  5. Zanotti A, Valzelli L, Toffano G. Chronic phosphatidylserine treatment improves spatial memory and passive avoidance in aged rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1989;99:316-21.. PubMed
  6. Schreiber S, Kampf-Sherf O, Gorfine M, et al. An open trial of plant-source derived phosphatydilserine for treatment of age-related cognitive decline. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 2000;37:302-7.
  7. Pepping, J. Phosphatidylserine. Am J Health Syst.Pharm. 10-15-1999;56(20):2038, 2043-2038, 2044.
  8. Monteverde, A., Gnemmi, P., Rossi, F., Monteverde, A., and Finali, G. C. Selegiline in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer-type dementia. Clin.Ther 1990;12(4):315-322.
  9. Vakhapova V, Cohen T, Richter Y, Herzog Y, Kam Y, Korczyn AD. Phosphatidylserine containing omega-3 Fatty acids may improve memory abilities in nondemented elderly individuals with memory complaints: results from an open-label extension study. Dement Geri PubMed

See these in context on the Phosphatidylserine monograph →

Acetyl-l-carnitine 22 references
  1. Thal LJ, Carta A, Clarke WR, et al. A 1-year multicenter placebo-controlled study of acetyl-L-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1996;47:705-11. PubMed
  2. Sano M, Bell K, Cote L, et al. Double-blind parallel design pilot study of acetyl levocarnitine in patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Arch Neurol 1992;49:1137-41. PubMed
  3. Spagnoli A, Lucca U, Menasce G, et al. Long-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1991;41:1726-32. PubMed
  4. Brooks JO 3rd, Yesavage JA, Carta A, Bravi D. Acetyl L-carnitine slows decline in younger patients with Alzheimer's disease: a reanalysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study using the trilinear approach. Int Psychoger 1998;10:193-203. PubMed
  5. Pettegrew JW, Klunk WE, Panchalingam K, et al. Clinical and neurochemical effects of acetyl-L-carnitine in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 1995;16:1-4. PubMed
  6. Rai G, Wright G, Scott L, et al. Double-blind, placebo controlled study of acetyl-l-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Curr Med Res Opin 1990;11:638-47. PubMed
  7. Benvenga S, Ruggeri RM, Russo A, et al. Usefulness of L-carnitine, a naturally occurring peripheral antagonist of thyroid hormone action, in iatrogenic hyperthyroidism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Meta
  8. Montgomery SA, Thal LJ, Amrein R. Meta-analysis of double blind randomized controlled clinical trials of acetyl-L-carnitine versus placebo in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2003;18:61-71.. PubMed
  9. Martinez E, Domingo P, Roca-Cusachs A. Potentiation of acenocoumarol action by L-carnitine. J Intern Med 1993;233:94.
  10. Hudson S, Tabet N. Acetyl-L-carnitine for dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;2:CD003158.. PubMed
  11. Bachmann HU, Hoffmann A. Interaction of food supplement L-carnitine with oral anticoagulant acenocoumarol. Swiss Med Wkly 2004;134:385. PubMed
  12. De Grandis D, Minardi C. Acetyl-L-carnitine (levacecarnine) in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. A long-term, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Drugs R D 2002;3:223-31. PubMed
  13. 12761 Benvenga S, Amato A, Calvani M, Trimarchi F. Effects of carnitine on thyroid hormone action. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1033:158-67. PubMed
  14. Sima AAF, Calvani M, Mehra M, et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine improves pain, nerve regeneration, and vibratory perception in patients with chronic diabetic neuropathy: An analysis of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Diabetes Care 2005;28:89-94.
  15. Youle, M. and Osio, M. A double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multicentre study of acetyl L-carnitine in the symptomatic treatment of antiretroviral toxic neuropathy in patients with HIV-1 infection. HIV.Med. 2007;8(4):241-250.
  16. Brennan BP, Jensen JE, Hudson JI, Coit CE, Beaulieu A, Pope HG Jr, Renshaw PF, Cohen BM. A placebo-controlled trial of acetyl-L-carnitine and a-lipoic acid in the treatment of bipolar depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013 Oct;33(5):627-35.
  17. Ledinek AH, Sajko MC, Rot U. Evaluating the effects of amantadin, modafinil and acetyl-L-carnitine on fatigue in multiple sclerosis--result of a pilot randomized, blind study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2013 Dec;115 Suppl 1:S86-9. PubMed
  18. Martinotti G, Andreoli S, Reina D, Di Nicola M, Ortolani I, Tedeschi D, Fanella F, Pozzi G, Iannoni E, D'Iddio S, Prof LJ. Acetyl-l-Carnitine in the treatment of anhedonia, melancholic and negative symptoms in alcohol dependent subjects. Prog Neuropsychop PubMed
  19. Baek SM, Zheng R, Seo EJ, Hwang DY, Kim BH. Pharmacokinetic comparisons of two acetyl-L-carnitine formulations in healthy Korean volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2015;53(11):980-6. PubMed
  20. Goodison G, Overeem K, de Monte V, Siskind D. Mania associated with self-prescribed acetyl-l-carnitine in a man with bipolar I disorder. Australas Psychiatry. 2017;25(1):13-4.
  21. Bruno A, Pandolfo G, Crucitti M, Lorusso S, Zoccali RA, Muscatello MR. Acetyl-L-Carnitine Augmentation of Clozapine in Partial-Responder Schizophrenia: A 12-Week, Open-Label Uncontrolled Preliminary Study. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2016;39(6):277-80. PubMed
  22. Veronese N, Stubbs B, Solmi M, Ajnakina O, Carvalho AF, Maggi S. Acetyl-L-Carnitine Supplementation and the Treatment of Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Psychosom Med. 2018;80(2):154-9. PubMed

See these in context on the Acetyl-l-carnitine monograph →

Alpha-gpc 4 references
  1. Di Perri R, Coppola G, Ambrosio LA, et al. A multicentre trial to the evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine versus cytosine diphosphocholine in patients with vascular dementia. J Int Med Res 1991;19:330-41.
  2. Barbagallo Sangiorgi G, Barbagallo M, Giordano M, et al. Alpha-glycerophosphocholine in the mental recovery of cerebral ischemic attacks: An Italian multicenter clinical trial. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994;717:253-69. PubMed
  3. Canal N, Franceschi M, Alberoni M, et al. Effect of L-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine on amnesia caused by scopolamine. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1991;29:103-7.
  4. Lee G, Choi S, Chang J, et al. Association of L-a glycerylphosphorylcholine with subsequent stroke risk after 10 Years. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4(11):e2136008.

See these in context on the Alpha-gpc monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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