Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/25mL Injection, Powder, For Solution
Other active recalls for Cyclophosphamide (different manufacturers) — 1 · tap to view
🆔 Identity & classification
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🏷️ RxNorm drug class
This medicine belongs to the Alkylating Drug class.
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🏭 Manufacturer & labeler
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🩺 Clinical
- Cyclophosphamide is a chemotherapy drug used to treat a wide range of cancers — including various lymphomas, leukemias, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, neuroblastoma, and others. It...
- What exactly is cyclophosphamide used for?
- That's one of the most important things to know about cyclophosphamide. As your body breaks the drug down, one of the byproducts — a substance called acrolein — can irritate and da...
- Why do I have to drink so much water when I take this?
Patient education
Supplement & herbal interactions
Some supplements/herbs that may interact with Cyclophosphamide — tap one for details:
Cyclophosphamide may be associated with lower levels of 1 nutrient — worth a chat with your pharmacist, not a cause for alarm.
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🧪 Inactive Ingredients / Excipients
Inactive ingredients, also called excipients, are components of the drug product other than the active ingredient. They may include fillers, dyes, coatings, preservatives, flavors, or other formulation ingredients.
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IACT rows and label-wide narrative are kept separate; availability and product-level specificity depend on the submitted label.Inactive ingredient FAQ
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💲 Pricing
A drug doesn't have one price. Each row is a different public payment system, and none is what you'd pay at the counter — that depends on your insurance. The ⓘ on each row explains what it measures.
| Price system | Per mL | Per package |
|---|---|---|
| Retail pharmacies payNADAC · weekly | Not in the retail survey — common for institutional, discontinued, or low-volume packs. | |
| Medicaid paysCMS SDUD · 12 mo | $136.64 | $3,416.06 / 25 ml |
| Medicare drug plans payPart D · quarterly | No Part D plan price is available for this NDC in our data. | |
| Medicare Part B allowsASP · J9075 | $0.575 / J9075 unit | — |
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🧾 Billing & reimbursement
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🔁 Therapeutic equivalents
| Product | Labeler | Pack | NADAC/unit | TE | Status | Price vs. this |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/25mL 00781-3233-94 | Sandoz | 1 vial | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/25mL 10019-0935-01 | Baxter | 1 vial | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/25mL 10019-0938-01 | Baxter | 1 vial | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/25mL 10019-0943-01 | Baxter | 1 vial | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/25mL 10019-0955-01 | Baxter | 1 vial | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/25mL 14335-0470-10 | Hainan | 1 vial | — | — | FDA listed | — |
| Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/25mLthis 16714-0859-01 | NorthStar | 1 vial | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/25mL 25021-0247-50 | Sagent | 1 vial | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/25mL 39822-0250-01 | XGen | 1 vial | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/25mL 42806-0901-26 | Epic | 1 vial | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/25mL 65219-0135-20 | Fresenius | 1 vial | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/25mL 68001-0442-26 | BluePoint | 1 vial | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/25mL 68001-0694-27 | BluePoint | 1 vial | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/25mL 70121-1238-01 | Amneal | 1 vial | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/25mL 70436-0105-80 | Slate | 1 vial | — | — | FDA listed | — |
| Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/25mL 72572-0087-01 | Civica, | 1 vial | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/25mL 83634-0205-50 | Avenacy, | 1 vial | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/25mL 83703-0549-01 | Bamboo | 1 vial | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
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⏳ Availability & generic status
This product is an FDA-approved generic. Other versions of the same drug are listed under Therapeutic equivalents, least expensive first.
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🗺️ Medicaid utilization & spend
📊 Medicare Part D spend CMS · PART D · 2026 (Q1)
🔬 Reported adverse events (FAERS)
Top reported reactions
Reporter sex
Serious outcomes
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📦 Packaging — all sizes for this product
| Package NDC | Description | Marketing start | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16714-0859-01 You're viewing this | 1 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE in 1 CARTON (16714-859-01) / 25 mL in 1 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE | 2019-01-08 | Active |
🧭 About this NDC listing & data coverage
What data is (and isn’t) available for this NDC — tap to expand
| NDC identity (package / product / labeler codes) | ✓ Available |
| Labeler | ✓ Available |
| Product & package description | ✓ Available |
| Marketing category & status | ✓ Available |
| Active ingredient / dosage form / route | ✓ Available |
| FDA label (SPL via DailyMed) | ✓ Available |
| Package photos | ✓ Available |
| Inactive ingredients (structured) | — Not published for this NDC The labeler did not submit a structured excipient list, or no SPL is available. |
| NADAC pharmacy acquisition price (CMS) | — Not published for this NDC CMS publishes NADAC only for NDCs reported in its retail-pharmacy survey. |
| Orange Book / therapeutic-equivalence data | ✓ Available |
| HCPCS J-code billing crosswalk | ✓ Available |
| Medicaid utilization (CMS SDUD) | ✓ Available |
Questions about this listing
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📄 Full prescribing information FDA SPL
🎯 Indications and Usage ▾
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating drug indicated for treatment of: Malignant Diseases: malignant lymphomas: Hodgkin's disease, lymphocytic lymphoma, mixed-cell type lymphoma, histiocytic lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma; multiple myeloma, leukemias, mycosis fungoides, neuroblastoma, adenocarcinoma of ovary, retinoblastoma, breast carcinoma ( 1.1 ) Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome in Pediatric Patients: biopsy proven minimal change nephrotic syndrome patients who failed to adequately respond to or are unable to tolerate adrenocorticosteroid therapy ( 1.2 ) Limitations of Use: The safety and effectiveness for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome in adults or other renal disease has not been established.
1.1Malignant Diseases Cyclophosphamide is indicated for the treatment of: malignant lymphomas (Stages III and IV of the Ann Arbor staging system), Hodgkin's disease, lymphocytic lymphoma (nodular or diffuse), mixed-cell type lymphoma, histiocytic lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma multiple myeloma leukemias: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia (it is usually ineffective in acute blastic crisis), acute myelogenous and monocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic (stem-cell) leukemia (cyclophosphamide given during remission is effective in prolonging its duration) mycosis fungoides (advanced disease) neuroblastoma (disseminated disease) adenocarcinoma of the ovary retinoblastoma carcinoma of the breast Cyclophosphamide, although effective alone in susceptible malignancies, is more frequently used concurrently or sequentially with other antineoplastic drugs.
1.2Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome in Pediatric Patients Cyclophosphamide is indicated for the treatment of biopsy proven minimal change nephrotic syndrome in pediatrics patients who failed to adequately respond to or are unable to tolerate adrenocorticosteroid therapy. Limitations of Use : The safety and effectiveness for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome in adults or other renal disease has not been established.
⏱️ Dosage and Administration ▾
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION During or immediately after the administration, adequate amounts of fluid should be ingested or infused to force diuresis in order to reduce the risk of urinary tract toxicity. Therefore, cyclophosphamide should be administered in the morning. Malignant Diseases: Adult and Pediatric Patients ( 2.1 ) Intravenous: Initial course for patients with no hematologic deficiency: 40 mg per kg to 50 mg per kg in divided doses over 2 to 5 days.
Other regimens include 10 mg per kg to 15 mg per kg given every 7 to 10 days or 3 mg per kg to 5 mg per kg twice weekly. Oral: Usually 1 mg per kg per day to 5 mg per kg per day for both initial and maintenance dosing. Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome in Pediatric Patients ( 2.2 ) Recommended oral dose: 2 mg per kg daily for 8 to 12 weeks (maximum cumulative dose 168 mg per kg).
Treatment beyond 90 days increases the probability of sterility in males.
2.1Dosing for Malignant Diseases Adults and Pediatric Patients Intravenous When used as the only oncolytic drug therapy, the initial course of cyclophosphamide for patients with no hematologic deficiency usually consists of 40 mg per kg to 50 mg per kg given intravenously in divided doses over a period of 2 to 5 days. Other intravenous regimens include 10 mg per kg to 15 mg per kg given every 7 to 10 days or 3 mg per kg to 5 mg per kg twice weekly. Oral Oral cyclophosphamide dosing is usually in the range of 1 mg per kg per day to 5 mg per kg per day for both initial and maintenance dosing.
Many other regimens of intravenous and oral cyclophosphamide have been reported. Dosages must be adjusted in accord with evidence of antitumor activity and/ or leukopenia. The total leukocyte count is a good, objective guide for regulating dosage.
When cyclophosphamide is included in combined cytotoxic regimens, it may be necessary to reduce the dose of cyclophosphamide as well as that of the other drugs.
2.2Dosing for Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome in Pediatric Patients An oral dose of 2 mg per kg daily for 8 to 12 weeks (maximum cumulative dose 168 mg per kg) is recommended. Treatment beyond 90 days increases the probability of sterility in males [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4 )].
2.3Preparation, Handling and Administration Handle and dispose of cyclophosphamide in a manner consistent with other cytotoxic drugs. 1 Caution should be exercised when handling and preparing Cyclophosphamide for Injection, USP. To minimize the risk of dermal exposure, always wear gloves when handling vials containing Cyclophosphamide for Injection, USP.
Cyclophosphamide for Injection, USP Intravenous Administration Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. Do not use cyclophosphamide vials if there are signs of melting. Melted cyclophosphamide is a clear or yellowish viscous liquid usually found as a connected phase or in droplets in the affected vials.
Cyclophosphamide does not contain any antimicrobial preservative and thus care must be taken to assure the sterility of prepared solutions. Use aseptic technique. For Direct Intravenous Injection Reconstitute Cyclophosphamide with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP only, using the volumes listed below in Table 1.
Shake the vial vigorously to dissolve the drug completely. Do not use Sterile Water for Injection, USP because it results in a hypotonic solution and should not be injected directly. Table 1: Reconstitution for Direct Intravenous Injection Strength Volume of 0.9% Sodium Chloride Cyclophosphamide Concentration 500 mg 25 mL 20 mg per mL 1 g 50 mL 2 g 100 mL For Intravenous Infusion Reconstitution of Cyclophosphamide: Reconstitute Cyclophosphamide using 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP or Sterile Water for Injection, USP with the volume of diluent listed below in Table 2.
Add the diluent to the vial and shake it vigorously to dissolve the drug completely. Table 2: Rec…
💊 Dosage Forms and Strengths ▾
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Cyclophosphamide for Injection, USP is a sterile white powder available in 500 mg 1 g 2 g Injection, sterile white powder: 500 mg,1 g, and 2 g ( 3 )
⛔ Contraindications ▾
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Hypersensitivity Cyclophosphamide is contraindicated in patients who have a history of severe hypersensitivity reactions to it, any of its metabolites, or to other components of the product. Anaphylactic reactions including death have been reported with cyclophosphamide. Possible cross-sensitivity with other alkylating agents can occur.
Urinary Outflow Obstruction Cyclophosphamide is contraindicated in patients with urinary outflow obstruction [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. Hypersensitivity to cyclophosphamide ( 4 ) Urinary outflow obstruction ( 4 )
⚠️ Warnings and Cautions ▾
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Myelosuppression, Immunosuppression, Bone Marrow Failure and Infections - Severe immunosuppression may lead to serious and sometimes fatal infections. Close hematological monitoring is required. ( 5.1 ) Urinary Tract and Renal Toxicity - Hemorrhagic cystitis, pyelitis, ureteritis, and hematuria can occur.
Exclude or correct any urinary tract obstructions prior to treatment. ( 5.2 ) Cardiotoxicity - Myocarditis, myopericarditis, pericardial effusion, arrhythmias and congestive heart failure, which may be fatal, have been reported. Monitor patients, especially those with risk factors for cardiotoxicity or pre-existing cardiac disease.
( 5.3 ) Pulmonary Toxicity - Pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease leading to respiratory failure may occur. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of pulmonary toxicity. ( 5.4 ) Secondary malignancies ( 5.5 ) Veno-occlusive Liver Disease - Fatal outcome can occur.
( 5.6 ) Embryo-Fetal Toxicity - Can cause fetal harm. Advise female patients of reproductive potential to avoid pregnancy. ( 5.7 , 8.1 , 8.6 )
5.1Myelosuppression, Immunosuppression, Bone Marrow Failure and Infections Cyclophosphamide can cause myelosuppression (leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia), bone marrow failure, and severe immunosuppression which may lead to serious and sometimes fatal infections, including sepsis and septic shock. Latent infections can be reactivated [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 )]. Antimicrobial prophylaxis may be indicated in certain cases of neutropenia at the discretion of the managing physician.
In case of neutropenic fever, antibiotic therapy is indicated. Antimycotics and/or antivirals may also be indicated. Monitoring of complete blood counts is essential during cyclophosphamide treatment so that the dose can be adjusted, if needed.
Cyclophosphamide should not be administered to patients with neutrophils ≤1,500/mm 3 and platelets <50,000/mm 3 . Cyclophosphamide treatment may not be indicated, or should be interrupted, or the dose reduced, in patients who have or who develop a serious infection. G-CSF may be administered to reduce the risks of neutropenia complications associated with cyclophosphamide use.
Primary and secondary prophylaxis with G-CSF should be considered in all patients considered to be at increased risk for neutropenia complications. The nadirs of the reduction in leukocyte count and thrombocyte count are usually reached in weeks 1 and 2 of treatment. Peripheral blood cell counts are expected to normalize after approximately 20 days.
Bone marrow failure has been reported. Severe myelosuppression may be expected particularly in patients pretreated with and/or receiving concomitant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.
5.2Urinary Tract and Renal Toxicity Hemorrhagic cystitis, pyelitis, ureteritis, and hematuria have been reported with cyclophosphamide. Medical and/ or surgical supportive treatment may be required to treat protracted cases of severe hemorrhagic cystitis. Discontinue cyclophosphamide therapy in case of severe hemorrhagic cystitis.
Urotoxicity (bladder ulceration, necrosis, fibrosis, contracture and secondary cancer) may require interruption of cyclophosphamide treatment or cystectomy. Urotoxicity can be fatal. Urotoxicity can occur with short-term or long-term use of cyclophosphamide.
Before starting treatment, exclude or correct any urinary tract obstructions [see Contraindications ( 4 )]. Urinary sediment should be checked regularly for the presence of erythrocytes and other signs of urotoxicity and/or nephrotoxicity. Cyclophosphamide should be used with caution, if at all, in patients with active urinary tract infections.
Aggressive hydration with forced diuresis and frequent bladder emptying can reduce the frequency and severity of bladder toxicity. Mesna has been used to prevent severe bladder toxicity.
5.3Cardiotoxicity Myocarditis, myopericarditis, pericardial effusion including cardiac ta…
🤒 Adverse Reactions ▾
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling. Hypersensitivity [see Contraindications ( 4 ) ] Myelosuppression, Immunosuppression, Bone Marrow Failure, and Infections [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) ] Urinary Tract and Renal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ) ] Cardiotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 ) ] Pulmonary Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 ) ] Secondary Malignancies [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 ) ] Veno-occlusive Liver Disease [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 ) ] Embryo-Fetal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 ) ] Reproductive System Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4 and 8.6 ) ] Impaired Wound Healing [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 ) ] Hyponatremia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.10 ) ] Adverse reactions reported most often include neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, fever, alopecia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Northstar Rx LLC at 1-800-206-7821 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
6.1Common Adverse Reactions Hematopoietic system: Neutropenia occurs in patients treated with cyclophosphamide. The degree of neutropenia is particularly important because it correlates with a reduction in resistance to infections. Fever without documented infection has been reported in neutropenic patients.
Gastrointestinal system: Nausea and vomiting occur with cyclophosphamide therapy. Anorexia and, less frequently, abdominal discomfort or pain and diarrhea may occur. There are isolated reports of hemorrhagic colitis, oral mucosal ulceration and jaundice occurring during therapy.
Skin and its structures: Alopecia occurs in patients treated with cyclophosphamide. Skin rash occurs occasionally in patients receiving the drug. Pigmentation of the skin and changes in nails can occur.
6.2Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified from clinical trials or post-marketing surveillance. Because they are reported from a population from unknown size, precise estimates of frequency cannot be made. Cardiac: cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, cardiogenic shock, pericardial effusion (progressing to cardiac tamponade), myocardial hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, cardiac failure (including fatal outcomes), cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, pericarditis, carditis, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia, bradycardia, tachycardia, palpitations, QT prolongation.
Congenital, Familial and Genetic: intra-uterine death, fetal malformation, fetal growth retardation, fetal toxicity (including myelosuppression, gastroenteritis). Ear and Labyrinth: deafness, hearing impaired, tinnitus. Endocrine: water intoxication.
Eye: visual impairment, conjunctivitis, lacrimation. Gastrointestinal: gastrointestinal hemorrhage, acute pancreatitis, colitis, enteritis, cecitis, stomatitis, constipation, parotid gland inflammation. General Disorders and Administrative Site Conditions: multiorgan failure, general physical deterioration, influenza-like illness, injection/infusion site reactions (thrombosis, necrosis, phlebitis, inflammation, pain, swelling, erythema), pyrexia, edema, chest pain, mucosal inflammation, asthenia, pain, chills, fatigue, malaise, headache.
Hematologic: myelosuppression, bone marrow failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation and hemolytic uremic syndrome (with thrombotic microangiopathy). Hepatic: veno-occlusive liver disease, cholestatic hepatitis, cytolytic hepatitis, hepatitis, cholestasis; hepatotoxicity with hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, hepatomegaly, blood bilirubin increased, hepatic function abnormal, hepatic enzymes increased. Immune: immunosuppression, anaphylactic shock and hypersensitivity reaction.
Infections: The following manifestations have been associated with myelosu…
🔄 Drug Interactions ▾
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Cyclophosphamide is a pro-drug that is activated by cytochrome P450s [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )]. An increase of the concentration of cytotoxic metabolites may occur with: Protease inhibitors: Concomitant use of protease inhibitors may increase the concentration of cytotoxic metabolites. Use of protease inhibitor-based regimens was found to be associated with a higher incidence of infections and neutropenia in patients receiving cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide (CDE) than use of a Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-based regimen.
Combined or sequential use of cyclophosphamide and other agents with similar toxicities can potentiate toxicities. Increased hematotoxicity and/or immunosuppression may result from a combined effect of cyclophosphamide and, for example: ACE inhibitors: ACE inhibitors can cause leukopenia. Natalizumab Paclitaxel: Increased hematotoxicity has been reported when cyclophosphamide was administered after paclitaxel infusion.
Thiazide diuretics Zidovudine Increased cardiotoxicity may result from a combined effect of cyclophosphamide and, for example: Anthracyclines Cytarabine Pentostatin Radiation therapy of the cardiac region Trastuzumab Increased pulmonary toxicity may result from a combined effect of cyclophosphamide and, for example: Amiodarone G-CSF, GM-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor): Reports suggest an increased risk of pulmonary toxicity in patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy that includes cyclophosphamide and G-CSF or GMCSF.
Increased nephrotoxicity may result from a combined effect of cyclophosphamide and, for example: Amphotericin B Indomethacin: Acute water intoxication has been reported with concomitant use of indomethacin Increase in other toxicities: Azathioprine: Increased risk of hepatotoxicity (liver necrosis) Busulfan: Increased incidence of hepatic veno-occlusive disease and mucositis has been reported. Protease inhibitors: Increased incidence of mucositis Increased risk of hemorrhagic cystitis may result from a combined effect of cyclophosphamide and past or concomitant radiation treatment.
Etanercept: In patients with Wegener's granulomatosis, the addition of etanercept to standard treatment, including cyclophosphamide, was associated with a higher incidence of non-cutaneous malignant solid tumors. Metronidazole: Acute encephalopathy has been reported in a patient receiving cyclophosphamide and metronidazole. Causal association is unclear.
In an animal study, the combination of cyclophosphamide with metronidazole was associated with increased cyclophosphamide toxicity. Tamoxifen: Concomitant use of tamoxifen and chemotherapy may increase the risk of thromboembolic complications. Coumarins: Both increased and decreased warfarin effect have been reported in patients receiving warfarin and cyclophosphamide.
Cyclosporine: Lower serum concentrations of cyclosporine have been observed in patients receiving a combination of cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine than in patients receiving only cyclosporine. This interaction may result in an increased incidence of graft-versus-host disease. Depolarizing muscle relaxants: Cyclophosphamide treatment causes a marked and persistent inhibition of cholinesterase activity.
Prolonged apnea may occur with concurrent depolarizing muscle relaxants (e.g., succinylcholine). If a patient has been treated with cyclophosphamide within 10 days of general anesthesia, alert the anesthesiologist.
👥 Use in Specific Populations ▾
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Nursing Mothers: Discontinue drug or nursing. ( 8.3 ) Females and males of reproductive potential: Counsel patients on pregnancy prevention and planning.( 8.6 ) Renal Patients: Monitor for toxicity in patients with moderate and severe renal impairment. ( 8.7 , 12.3 )
8.1Pregnancy Pregnancy Category D Risk Summary Cyclophosphamide can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman based on its mechanism of action and published reports of effects in pregnant patients or animals. Exposure to cyclophosphamide during pregnancy may cause fetal malformations, miscarriage, fetal growth retardation, and toxic effects in the newborn. Cyclophosphamide is teratogenic and embryo-fetal toxic in mice, rats, rabbits and monkeys.
If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, apprise the patient of the potential hazard to a fetus. Human Data Malformations of the skeleton, palate, limbs and eyes as well as miscarriage have been reported after exposure to cyclophosphamide in the first trimester. Fetal growth retardation and toxic effects manifesting in the newborn, including leukopenia, anemia, pancytopenia, severe bone marrow hypoplasia, and gastroenteritis have been reported after exposure to cyclophosphamide.
Animal Data Administration of cyclophosphamide to pregnant mice, rats, rabbits and monkeys during the period of organogenesis at doses at or below the dose in patients based on body surface area resulted in various malformations, which included neural tube defects, limb and digit defects and other skeletal anomalies, cleft lip and palate, and reduced skeletal ossification.
8.3Nursing Mothers Cyclophosphamide is present in breast milk. Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, low hemoglobin, and diarrhea have been reported in infants breast fed by women treated with cyclophosphamide. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from cyclophosphamide, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
8.4Pediatric Use Pre-pubescent girls treated with cyclophosphamide generally develop secondary sexual characteristics normally and have regular menses. Ovarian fibrosis with apparently complete loss of germ cells after prolonged cyclophosphamide treatment in late pre-pubescence has been reported. Girls treated with cyclophosphamide who have retained ovarian function after completing treatment are at increased risk of developing premature menopause.
Pre-pubescent boys treated with cyclophosphamide develop secondary sexual characteristics normally, but may have oligospermia or azoospermia and increased gonadotropin secretion. Some degree of testicular atrophy may occur. Cyclophosphamide-induced azoospermia is reversible in some patients, though the reversibility may not occur for several years after cessation of therapy.
8.5Geriatric Use There is insufficient data from clinical studies of cyclophosphamide available for patients 65 years of age and older to determine whether they respond differently than younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac functioning, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
8.6Females and Males of Reproductive Potential Contraception Pregnancy should be avoided during treatment with cyclophosphamide because of the risk of fetal harm [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )]. Female patients of reproductive potential should use highly effective contraception during and for up to 1 year after completion of treatment. Male patients who are sexually active with female partners who are or may become pregnant should use a condom during and for at least 4 months after treatment.
Infertility Females Amenorrhea, transient or permanent, associated…
🤰 Pregnancy ▾
8.1Pregnancy Pregnancy Category D Risk Summary Cyclophosphamide can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman based on its mechanism of action and published reports of effects in pregnant patients or animals. Exposure to cyclophosphamide during pregnancy may cause fetal malformations, miscarriage, fetal growth retardation, and toxic effects in the newborn. Cyclophosphamide is teratogenic and embryo-fetal toxic in mice, rats, rabbits and monkeys.
If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, apprise the patient of the potential hazard to a fetus. Human Data Malformations of the skeleton, palate, limbs and eyes as well as miscarriage have been reported after exposure to cyclophosphamide in the first trimester. Fetal growth retardation and toxic effects manifesting in the newborn, including leukopenia, anemia, pancytopenia, severe bone marrow hypoplasia, and gastroenteritis have been reported after exposure to cyclophosphamide.
Animal Data Administration of cyclophosphamide to pregnant mice, rats, rabbits and monkeys during the period of organogenesis at doses at or below the dose in patients based on body surface area resulted in various malformations, which included neural tube defects, limb and digit defects and other skeletal anomalies, cleft lip and palate, and reduced skeletal ossification.
🧒 Pediatric Use ▾
8.4Pediatric Use Pre-pubescent girls treated with cyclophosphamide generally develop secondary sexual characteristics normally and have regular menses. Ovarian fibrosis with apparently complete loss of germ cells after prolonged cyclophosphamide treatment in late pre-pubescence has been reported. Girls treated with cyclophosphamide who have retained ovarian function after completing treatment are at increased risk of developing premature menopause.
Pre-pubescent boys treated with cyclophosphamide develop secondary sexual characteristics normally, but may have oligospermia or azoospermia and increased gonadotropin secretion. Some degree of testicular atrophy may occur. Cyclophosphamide-induced azoospermia is reversible in some patients, though the reversibility may not occur for several years after cessation of therapy.
🧓 Geriatric Use ▾
8.5Geriatric Use There is insufficient data from clinical studies of cyclophosphamide available for patients 65 years of age and older to determine whether they respond differently than younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac functioning, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
🆘 Overdosage ▾
10 OVERDOSAGE No specific antidote for cyclophosphamide is known. Overdosage should be managed with supportive measures, including appropriate treatment for any concurrent infection, myelosuppression, or cardiac toxicity should it occur. Serious consequences of overdosage include manifestations of dose dependent toxicities such as myelosuppression, urotoxicity, cardiotoxicity (including cardiac failure), veno-occlusive hepatic disease, and stomatitis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.2 , 5.3 and 5.6 )].
Patients who received an overdose should be closely monitored for the development of toxicities, and hematologic toxicity in particular. Cyclophosphamide and its metabolites are dialyzable. Therefore, rapid hemodialysis is indicated when treating any suicidal or accidental overdose or intoxication.
Cystitis prophylaxis with mesna may be helpful in preventing or limiting urotoxic effects with cyclophosphamide overdose.
🧬 Clinical Pharmacology ▾
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1Mechanism of Action The mechanism of action is thought to involve cross-linking of tumor cell DNA.
12.2Pharmacodynamics Cyclophosphamide is biotransformed principally in the liver to active alkylating metabolites by a mixed function microsomal oxidase system. These metabolites interfere with the growth of susceptible rapidly proliferating malignant cells.
12.3Pharmacokinetics Following IV administration, elimination half-life (t 1/2 ) ranges from 3 to 12 hours with total body clearance (CL) values of 4 to
5.6L/h. Pharmacokinetics are linear over the dose range used clinically. When cyclophosphamide was administered at 4.0 g/m 2 over a 90 minutes infusion, saturable elimination in parallel with first-order renal elimination describe the kinetics of the drug.
Absorption After oral administration, peak concentrations of cyclophosphamide occurred at one hour. Area under the curve ratio for the drug after oral and IV administration (AUC po : AUC iv ) ranged from 0.87 to 0.96. Distribution Approximately 20% of cyclophosphamide is protein bound, with no dose dependent changes.
Some metabolites are protein bound to an extent greater than 60%. Volume of distribution approximates total body water (30 to 50 L). Metabolism The liver is the major site of cyclophosphamide activation.
Approximately 75% of the administered dose of cyclophosphamide is activated by hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450s including CYP2A6, 2B6, 3A4, 3A5, 2C9, 2C18 and 2C19, with 2B6 displaying the highest 4-hydroxylase activity. Cyclophosphamide is activated to form 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, which is in equilibrium with its ring-open tautomer aldophosphamide. 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide and aldophosphamide can undergo oxidation by aldehyde dehydrogenases to form the inactive metabolites 4-ketocyclophosphamide and carboxyphosphamide, respectively.
Aldophosphamide can undergo β-elimination to form active metabolites phosphoramide mustard and acrolein. This spontaneous conversion can be catalyzed by albumin and other proteins. Less than 5% of cyclophosphamide may be directly detoxified by side chain oxidation, leading to the formation of inactive metabolites 2-dechloroethylcyclophosphamide.
At high doses, the fraction of parent compound cleared by 4-hydroxylation is reduced resulting in non-linear elimination of cyclophosphamide in patients. Cyclophosphamide appears to induce its own metabolism. Auto-induction results in an increase in the total clearance, increased formation of 4-hydroxyl metabolites and shortened t 1/2 values following repeated administration at 12- to 24-hour interval.
Elimination Cyclophosphamide is primarily excreted as metabolites. 10 to 20% is excreted unchanged in the urine and 4% is excreted in the bile following IV administration. Special Populations Renal Impairment The pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide were determined following one-hour intravenous infusion to renally impaired patients.
The results demonstrated that the systemic exposure to cyclophosphamide increased as the renal function decreased. Mean dose-corrected AUC increased by 38% in the moderate renal group,(Creatinine clearance (CrCl of 25 to 50 mL/min), by 64% in the severe renal group (CrCl of 10 to 24 mL/min) and by 23% in the hemodialysis group (CrCl of <10 mL/min) compared to the control group. The increase in exposure was significant in the severe group (p>0.05); thus, patients with severe renal impairment should be closely monitored for toxicity [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.7 )] .
The dialyzability of cyclophosphamide was investigated in four patients on long-term hemodialysis. Dialysis clearance calculated by arterial-venous difference and actual drug recovery in dialysate averaged 104 mL/min, which is in the range of the metabolic clearance of 95 mL/min for the drug. A mean of 37% of the administered dose of cyclophosphamide was removed during hemodialysis.
The elimination half-life (t 1/2 ) was 3.3 hours in patients during hemo…
🧬 Mechanism of Action ▾
12.1Mechanism of Action The mechanism of action is thought to involve cross-linking of tumor cell DNA.
📦 How Supplied / Storage and Handling ▾
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Cyclophosphamide for Injection, USP is a sterile white powder containing cyclophosphamide and is supplied in vials for single dose use. Cyclophosphamide for Injection, USP NDC 16714-859-01 500 mg vial, carton of 1 NDC 16714-857-01 1 g vial, carton of 1 NDC 16714-858-01 2 g vial, carton of 1 Store vials at or below 25°C (77°F). During transport or storage of cyclophosphamide vials, temperature influences can lead to melting of the active ingredient, cyclophosphamide. [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.3 )] .
Cyclophosphamide is an antineoplastic product. Follow special handling and disposal procedures. 1
📋 Description ▾
11 DESCRIPTION Cyclophosphamide is a synthetic antineoplastic drug chemically related to the nitrogen mustards. The chemical name for cyclophosphamide is 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino] tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide monohydrate, and has the following structural formula: Cyclophosphamide is a white crystalline powder with the molecular formula C 7 H 15 Cl 2 N 2 O 2 P•H 2 O and a molecular weight of 279.1. Cyclophosphamide is soluble in water, saline, or ethanol.
Cyclophosphamide for Injection, USP is for intravenous or oral use, it has no inactive ingredients. When reconstituted in water Cyclophosphamide for Injection, USP has a pH range of 3.0 to 9.0. Cyclophosphamide for Injection, USP is a sterile white powder available as 500 mg, 1 g, and 2 g strength vials.
500 mg vial contains 534.5 mg cyclophosphamide monohydrate equivalent to 500 mg cyclophosphamide 1 g vial contains 1069.0 mg cyclophosphamide monohydrate equivalent to 1 g cyclophosphamide 2 g vial contains 2138.0 mg cyclophosphamide monohydrate equivalent to 2 g cyclophosphamide structure
💬 Information for Patients ▾
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise the patient of the following: Inform patients of the possibility of myelosuppression, immunosuppression, and infections. Explain the need for routine blood cell counts. Instruct patients to monitor their temperature frequently and immediately report any occurrence of fever [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] .
Advise the patient to report urinary symptoms (patients should report if their urine has turned a pink or red color) and the need for increasing fluid intake and frequent voiding [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] . Advise patients to contact a healthcare professional immediately for any of the following: new onset or worsening shortness of breath, cough, swelling of the ankles/legs, palpitations, weight gain of more than 5 pounds in 24 hours, dizziness or loss of consciousness [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] .
Warn patients of the possibility of developing non-infectious pneumonitis. Advise patients to report promptly any new or worsening respiratory symptoms [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] . Advise female patients of reproductive potential to use highly effective contraception during treatment and for up to 1year after completion of therapy.
There is a potential for harm to a fetus if a patient becomes pregnant during this period. Patients should immediately contact their healthcare provider if they become pregnant or if pregnancy is suspected during this period [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] . Advise male patients who are sexually active with a female partner who is or may become pregnant to use condoms during treatment and for up to 4 months after completion of therapy.
There is a potential for harm to a fetus if a patient fathers a child during this period. Patients should immediately contact their healthcare provider if their female partner becomes pregnant or if pregnancy is suspected during this period [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] . Advise nursing mothers treated with cyclophosphamide to discontinue nursing or discontinue cyclophosphamide, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.3 )] .
Explain to patients that side effects such as nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, impaired wound healing, amenorrhea, premature menopause, sterility and hair loss may be associated with cyclophosphamide administration. Other undesirable effects (including, e.g., dizziness, blurred vision, visual impairment) could affect the ability to drive or use machines [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 and 6.2 )] .