Atovaquone 750 mg/5mL Suspension
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🆔 Identity & classification
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🏷️ RxNorm drug class
This medicine belongs to the Antimalarial class.
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🏭 Manufacturer & labeler
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🩺 Clinical
- Yes, it really matters — this is one of the most important things to know about atovaquone. Without food, your body absorbs roughly half as much of the medicine, which can mean blo...
- Why do I have to take this medicine with food? Is it really that important?
- PCP (Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia) is a serious lung infection caused by a fungal organism. It mainly affects people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS....
- What is PCP, and why am I being prescribed this instead of a more common antibiotic?
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Supplement & herbal interactions
Some supplements/herbs that may interact with Atovaquone — tap one for details:
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💊 What it looks like
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🧪 Inactive Ingredients / Excipients
Inactive ingredients, also called excipients, are components of the drug product other than the active ingredient. They may include fillers, dyes, coatings, preservatives, flavors, or other formulation ingredients.
💡 Tap an ingredient (hover on desktop) to see what it is and why it’s used.
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UNII LKG8494WBH
Benzyl alcohol is a clear liquid used as a preservative and solvent in medicines. It helps prevent bacterial and fungal growth and dissolves other ingredients to create uniform liquid formulations.
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UNII QTT17582CB
A strong acid used to adjust and maintain the proper pH level in liquid medicines, ensuring stability and preventing breakdown of active ingredients.
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UNII LQA7B6G8JG
A synthetic polymer made by combining water-soluble compounds. It acts as a surfactant and solubilizer to help mix oil and water-based ingredients, improving the medicine's texture and how active ingredients dissolve.
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UNII SB8ZUX40TY
Saccharin sodium is an artificial sweetener made from saccharin salt. It's added to medicines to improve taste, especially in liquid formulations for children or bitter drugs.
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UNII 55X04QC32I
A strong alkaline chemical used to adjust and maintain the pH balance of liquid medicines. It helps keep the medicine stable and ensures it stays effective during storage.
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UNII 059QF0KO0R
Water is a liquid solvent that dissolves and mixes ingredients together in liquid medicines, syrups, and injections. It helps distribute the active drug evenly throughout the product.
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UNII TTV12P4NEE
Xanthan gum is a thickening and stabilizing ingredient made from fermented corn or other sugars. It's added to medicines to improve texture, prevent separation of liquids and solids, and help the product stay consistent.
7 inactive ingredients listed in the exact product block matched to this NDC.
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ingredient classCode="IACT" elements from the exact product block matched by this NDC. Label-section narrative from DailyMed / the openFDA label index is shown separately when available.Inactive ingredient FAQ
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💲 Pricing
A drug doesn't have one price. Each row is a different public payment system, and none is what you'd pay at the counter — that depends on your insurance. The ⓘ on each row explains what it measures.
| Price system | Per mL | Per package |
|---|---|---|
| Retail pharmacies payNADAC · weekly | $0.756 | $158.78 / 210 ml |
| Medicaid paysCMS SDUD · 12 mo | No recent Medicaid claims on file for this NDC — rare and low-volume NDCs are suppressed in the public data. | |
| Medicare drug plans payPart D · Q2 2026 | $1.30 | $273.53 / 210 ml |
Where does this data come from?
🔁 Therapeutic equivalents
| Product | Labeler | Pack | NADAC/unit | TE | Status | Price vs. this |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atovaquone 750 mg/5mL 70748-0299-01 | Lupin | 1 bottle | $0.719 | AB | Availability likely | save 5% |
| Atovaquone 750 mg/5mL 00121-0956-08 | PAI | 1 bottle | $0.756 | AB | Availability likely | — |
| Atovaquone Oral Suspension 750 mg/5mL 10702-0223-21 | KVK-Tech, | 1 bottle | $0.756 | AB | Availability likely | — |
| Atovaquone 750 mg/5mL 31722-0629-21 | Camber | 1 bottle | $0.756 | AB | Availability likely | — |
| Atovaquone 750 mg/5mL 60687-0534-78 | American | 6 cups | $0.756 | AB | Availability likely | — |
| Atovaquone 750 mg/5mL 62135-0528-09 | Chartwell | 210 ml | $0.756 | AB | Availability likely | — |
| Atovaquone 750 mg/5mL 65162-0693-88 | Amneal | 1 bottle | $0.756 | AB | Availability likely | — |
| atovaquone 750 mg/5mL 68462-0421-21 | Glenmark | 210 ml | $0.756 | AB | Availability likely | — |
| Atovaquone 750 mg/5mL 69452-0252-87 | Bionpharma | 1 bottle | $0.756 | AB | Availability likely | — |
| Atovaquone 750 mg/5mL 72603-0248-01 | NorthStar | 1 bottle | $0.756 | AB | Availability likely | — |
| Atovaquone 750 mg/5mLthis 81033-0104-42 | Kesin | 42 cups | $0.756 | AB | Availability likely | — |
| Atovaquone 750 mg/5mL 00121-1016-18 | PAI | 6 cups | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
| Mepron 750 mg/5mL 00173-0547-00 | GlaxoSmithKline | 42 pouches | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
| Mepron 750 mg/5mL 00173-0665-18 | GlaxoSmithKline | 210 ml | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
| Atovaquone 750 mg/5mL 00904-7459-25 | Major | 6 cups | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
| Atovaquone 750 mg/5mL 17856-0631-01 | ATLANTIC | 72 cups | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
| Atovaquone 750 mg/5mL 17856-8631-01 | ATLANTIC | 50 cups | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
| Atovaquone 750 mg/5mL 42239-0001-08 | Abon | 1 bottle | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
| Atovaquone 750 mg/5mL 50268-0119-12 | AvPAK | 20 cups | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
| Atovaquone 750 mg/5mL 51407-0642-87 | Golden | 1 bottle | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
| Atovaquone 750 mg/5mL 68999-0528-24 | Chartwell | 10 cups | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
| Atovaquone 750 mg/5mL 73141-0104-42 | A2A | 42 cups | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
| Atovaquone 750 mg/5mL 73190-0098-21 | AvKARE | 1 bottle | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
| Atovaquone Oral Suspension 750 mg/5mL 81033-0105-22 | Kesin | 20 cups | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
Where does this data come from?
⏳ Availability & generic status
This product is an FDA-approved generic. Other versions of the same drug are listed under Therapeutic equivalents, least expensive first.
Where does this data come from?
📊 Medicare Part D spend CMS · PART D · 2026 (Q1)
📦 Packaging — all sizes for this product
| Package NDC | Description | Per unit | Per pack | Marketing start | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 81033-0104-22 | 20 CUP, UNIT-DOSE in 1 CARTON (81033-104-22) / 5 mL in 1 CUP, UNIT-DOSE (81033-104-05) | — | — | 2025-09-15 | Active |
| 81033-0104-42 You're viewing this | 42 CUP, UNIT-DOSE in 1 CARTON (81033-104-42) / 5 mL in 1 CUP, UNIT-DOSE (81033-104-05) | $0.7561 / mL | $158.77 | 2024-06-17 | Active |
| 81033-0104-50 | 50 CUP, UNIT-DOSE in 1 CARTON (81033-104-50) / 5 mL in 1 CUP, UNIT-DOSE (81033-104-05) | — | — | 2024-06-17 | Active |
Pack size FAQ
What quantity is in NDC 81033-0104-42?
What NDC number is used to bill for this package of Atovaquone 750 mg/5mL Suspension?
Prices are the latest CMS NADAC pharmacy acquisition cost per NDC; per-pack figures are per-unit × pack quantity, shown only when the pack is denominated in the same measure NADAC prices.
📄 Full prescribing information FDA SPL
🎯 Indications and Usage ▾
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ------------------- INDICATIONS AND USAGE -------------------- Atovaquone oral suspension is a quinone antimicrobial drug indicated for: Prevention of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in adults and adolescents aged 13 years and older who cannot tolerate trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). ( 1.1) Treatment of mild-to-moderate PCP in adults and adolescents aged 13 years and older who cannot tolerate TMP-SMX . (1.2) Limitations of Use (1.3): Treatment of severe PCP (alveolar arterial oxygen diffusion gradient [(A-a)DO 2 ] > 45 mm Hg) with atovaquone has not been studied.
The efficacy of atovaquone in subjects who are failing therapy with TMP-SMX has also not been studied.
1.1Prevention of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Atovaquone oral suspension is indicated for the prevention of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in adults and adolescents (aged 13 years and older) who cannot tolerate trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX).
1.2Treatment of Mild-to-Moderate Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Atovaquone oral suspension is indicated for the acute oral treatment of mild-to-moderate PCP in adults and adolescents (aged 13 years and older) who cannot tolerate TMP-SMX.
1.3Limitations of Use Clinical experience with atovaquone for the treatment of PCP has been limited to subjects with mild-to-moderate PCP (alveolar-arterial oxygen diffusion gradient [(A-a)DO 2 ] ≤ 45 mm Hg). Treatment of more severe episodes of PCP with atovaquone has not been studied. The efficacy of atovaquone in subjects who are failing therapy with TMP-SMX has also not been studied.
⏱️ Dosage and Administration ▾
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
2.1Dosage for the Prevention of P. jirovecii Pneumonia The recommended oral dosage is 1,500 mg (10 mL) once daily administered with food.
2.2Dosage for the Treatment of Mild-to-Moderate P. jirovecii Pneumonia The recommended oral dosage is 750 mg (5 mL) twice daily (total daily dose = 1,500 mg) administered with food for 21 days.
2.3Important Administration Instructions Administer atovaquone oral suspension with food to avoid low plasma atovaquone concentrations that may limit response to therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (Section 5.1), Clinical Pharmacology (Section 12.3)]. Shake gently before administering the recommended dosage. --------------- DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION -------------- Prevention of PCP: 1,500 mg (10 mL) once daily with food (2.1) Treatment of PCP: 750 mg (5 mL) twice daily with food for 21 days (2.2) Supplied in unit dose cups: Shake gently before use.
(2.3)
2.1Dosage for the Prevention of P. jirovecii Pneumonia The recommended oral dosage is 1,500 mg (10 mL) once daily administered with food.
2.2Dosage for the Treatment of Mild-to-Moderate P. jirovecii Pneumonia The recommended oral dosage is 750 mg (5 mL) twice daily (total daily dose = 1,500 mg) administered with food for 21 days.
2.3Important Administration Instructions Administer atovaquone oral suspension with food to avoid low plasma atovaquone concentrations that may limit response to therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1), Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3)]. Shake bottle gently before administering the recommended dosage.
💊 Dosage Forms and Strengths ▾
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Atovaquone oral suspension, USP is an opaque yellow, artificial mixed berry-flavored, oral suspension containing 750 mg of atovaquone USP in 5 mL. Atovaquone oral suspension, USP is supplied in 5 mL unit dose cups. --------------- DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS ------------- Oral suspension: 750 mg per 5 mL (3)
⛔ Contraindications ▾
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Atovaquone oral suspension is contraindicated in patients who develop or have a history of hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., angioedema, bronchospasm, throat tightness, urticaria) to atovaquone or any of the components of atovaquone oral suspension. ---------------------- CONTRAINDICATIONS ----------------------- Known serious allergic/hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., angioedema, bronchospasm, throat tightness, urticaria) to atovaquone or any of the components of atovaquone oral suspension.
(4)
⚠️ Warnings and Cautions ▾
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1Risk of Limited Oral Absorption Absorption of orally administered atovaquone oral suspension is limited but can be significantly increased when the drug is taken with food. Failure to administer atovaquone oral suspension with food may result in lower plasma atovaquone concentrations and may limit response to therapy. Consider therapy with other agents in patients who have difficulty taking atovaquone oral suspension with food or in patients who have gastrointestinal disorders that may limit absorption of oral medications [see Clinical Pharmacology (Section 12.3)].
5.2Hepatotoxicity Cases of cholestatic hepatitis, elevated liver enzymes, and fatal liver failure have been reported in patients treated with atovaquone [see Adverse Reactions (Section 6.2)]. If treating patients with severe hepatic impairment, closely monitor patients following administration of atovaquone oral suspension. -------------- WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ----------------- Failure to administer atovaquone oral suspension with food may result in lower plasma atovaquone concentrations and may limit response to therapy.
Patients with gastrointestinal disorders may have limited absorption resulting in suboptimal atovaquone concentrations. (5.1) Hepatotoxicity: Elevated liver chemistry tests and cases of hepatitis and fatal liver failure have been reported. (5.2)
5.1Risk of Limited Oral Absorption Absorption of orally administered atovaquone oral suspension is limited but can be significantly increased when the drug is taken with food. Failure to administer atovaquone oral suspension with food may result in lower plasma atovaquone concentrations and may limit response to therapy. Consider therapy with other agents in patients who have difficulty taking atovaquone oral suspension with food or in patients who have gastrointestinal disorders that may limit absorption of oral medications [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
5.2Hepatotoxicity Cases of cholestatic hepatitis, elevated liver enzymes, and fatal liver failure have been reported in patients treated with atovaquone [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. If treating patients with severe hepatic impairment, closely monitor patients following administration of atovaquone oral suspension.
🤒 Adverse Reactions ▾
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS 6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reaction is discussed in another section of the labeling: Hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (Section 5.2)].
6.1Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared with rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Additionally, because many subjects who participated in clinical trials with atovaquone had complications of advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, it was often difficult to distinguish adverse reactions caused by atovaquone from those caused by underlying medical conditions.
PCP Prevention Trials In two clinical trials, atovaquone oral suspension was compared with dapsone or aerosolized pentamidine in HIV-1-infected adolescent (13 to 18 years) and adult subjects at risk of PCP (CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 or a prior episode of PCP) and unable to tolerate TMP-SMX. Dapsone Comparative Trial: In the dapsone comparative trial (n = 1,057), the majority of subjects were white (64%), male (88%), and receiving prophylaxis for PCP at randomization (73%); the mean age was 38 years. Subjects received atovaquone oral suspension 1,500 mg once daily (n = 536) or dapsone 100 mg once daily (n = 521); median durations of exposure were 6.7 and 6.5 months, respectively.
Adverse reaction data were collected only for adverse reactions requiring discontinuation of treatment, which occurred at similar frequencies in subjects treated with atovaquone oral suspension or dapsone (Table 1). Among subjects taking neither dapsone nor atovaquone at enrollment (n = 487), adverse reactions requiring discontinuation of treatment occurred in 43% of subjects treated with dapsone and 20% of subjects treated with atovaquone oral suspension. Gastrointestinal adverse reactions (nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting) were more frequently reported in subjects treated with atovaquone oral suspension (Table 1).
Table 1. Percentage (> 2%) of Subjects with Selected Adverse Reactions Requiring Discontinuation of Treatment in the Dapsone Comparative PCP Prevention Trial Adverse Reaction All Subjects Atovaquone Oral Suspension 1,500 mg/day (n = 536) % Dapsone 100 mg/day (n = 521) % Rash 6.3
8.8Nausea 4.1
0.6Diarrhea 3.2
0.2Vomiting 2.2
0.6Aerosolized Pentamidine Comparative Trial: In the aerosolized pentamidine comparative trial (n = 549), the majority of subjects were white (79%), male (92%), and were primary prophylaxis patients at enrollment (58%); the mean age was 38 years. Subjects received atovaquone oral suspension once daily at a dose of 750 mg (n = 188) or 1,500 mg (n = 175) or received aerosolized pentamidine 300 mg every 4 weeks (n = 186); the median durations of exposure were 6.2, 6, and 7.8 months, respectively. Table 2 summarizes the clinical adverse reactions reported by ≥ 20% of the subjects receiving either the 1,500 mg dose of atovaquone oral suspension or aerosolized pentamidine.
Rash occurred more often in subjects treated with atovaquone oral suspension (46%) than in subjects treated with aerosolized pentamidine (28%). Treatment-limiting adverse reactions occurred in 25% of subjects treated with atovaquone oral suspension 1,500 mg once daily and in 7% of subjects treated with aerosolized pentamidine. The most frequent adverse reactions requiring discontinuation of dosing in the group receiving atovaquone oral suspension 1,500 mg once daily were rash (6%), diarrhea (4%), and nausea (3%).
The most frequent adverse reaction requiring discontinuation of dosing in the group receiving aerosolized pentamidine was bronchospasm (2%). Table 2. Percentage (≥ 20%) of Subjects with Selected Adverse Reactions in the Aerosolized Pentamidine Comparative PCP Prevention Trial Adverse Reaction Atovaquone Oral Suspension 1,500 mg/day (n = 175) % Aerosolized Pentamidine (n = 186) % Diarrhea 42 35…
🔄 Drug Interactions ▾
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
7.1Rifampin/Rifabutin Concomitant administration of rifampin or rifabutin and atovaquone oral suspension is known to reduce atovaquone concentrations [see Clinical Pharmacology (Section 12.3)]. Concomitant administration of atovaquone oral suspension and rifampin or rifabutin is not recommended.
7.2Tetracycline Concomitant administration of tetracycline and atovaquone oral suspension has been associated with a reduction in plasma concen- trations of atovaquone [see Clinical Pharmacology (Section 12.3)] . Caution should be used when prescribing tetracycline concomitant- ly with atovaquone oral suspension. Monitor patients for potential loss of efficacy of atovaquone if coadministration is necessary.
7.3Metoclopramide Metoclopramide may reduce the bioavailability of atovaquone and should be used only if other antiemetics are not available [see Clinical Pharmacology (Section 12.3)].
7.4Indinavir Concomitant administration of atovaquone and indinavir did not result in any change in the steady-state AUC and C max of indinavir but resulted in a decrease in the C trough of indinavir [see Clinical Pharmacology (Section 12.3)]. Caution should be exercised when prescribing atovaquone oral suspension with indinavir due to the decrease in trough concentrations of indinavir. Monitor patients for potential loss of efficacy of indinavir if coadministration with atovaquone oral suspension is necessary. -------------------- DRUG INTERACTIONS ------------------------ Concomitant administration of rifampin or rifabutin reduces atovaquone concentrations; concomitant use with atovaquone oral suspension is not recommended.
(7.1) Concomitant administration of tetracycline reduces atovaquone concentrations; use caution when co-administering. Monitor patients for potential loss of efficacy of atovaquone if co-administration of tetracycline is necessary. (7.2) Concomitant administration with metoclopramide reduces atovaquone concentrations; administer concomitantly only if other antiemetics are not available.
(7.3) Concomitant administration of indinavir reduces indinavir trough concentrations; use caution when co-administering. Monitor patients for potential loss of efficacy of indinavir if co-administration is necessary. (7.4)
7.1Rifampin/Rifabutin Concomitant administration of rifampin or rifabutin and atovaquone oral suspension is known to reduce atovaquone concentrations [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )]. Concomitant administration of atovaquone oral suspension and rifampin or rifabutin is not recommended.
7.2Tetracycline Concomitant administration of tetracycline and atovaquone oral suspension has been associated with a reduction in plasma concentrations of atovaquone [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )]. Caution should be used when prescribing tetracycline concomitantly with atovaquone oral suspension. Monitor patients for potential loss of efficacy of atovaquone if co-administration is necessary.
7.3Metoclopramide Metoclopramide may reduce the bioavailability of atovaquone and should be used only if other antiemetics are not available [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
7.4Indinavir Concomitant administration of atovaquone and indinavir did not result in any change in the steady-state AUC and C max of indinavir but resulted in a decrease in the C trough of indinavir [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3)]. Caution should be exercised when prescribing atovaquone oral suspension with indinavir due to the decrease in trough concentrations of indinavir. Monitor patients for potential loss of efficacy of indinavir if co-administration with atovaquone oral suspension is necessary.
👥 Use in Specific Populations ▾
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
8.1Pregnancy Risk Summary Available data from post marketing experience with use of atovaquone in pregnant women are insufficient to identify a drug-associated risk for major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Pregnant women with HIV who are infected with PCP are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (see Clinical Considerations) . Atovaquone given orally by gavage to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis did not cause fetal malformations at plasma concentrations up to 3 times and 0.5 times, respectively, the estimated human exposure based on steady-state plasma concentrations (see Data) .
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.
Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk: Pregnant women with HIV who are infected with PCP are at increased risk of severe illness and maternal death associated with PCP compared with non-pregnant women. Data Animal Data: Atovaquone administered in oral doses of 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg/day to pregnant rats during organogenesis (Gesta- tion Day [GD] 6 to GD15) did not cause maternal or embryo-fetal toxicity at doses up to 1,000 mg/kg/day corresponding to maternal plasma concentrations approximately 3 times the estimated human exposure during the treatment of PCP based on steady-state plasma concentrations.
In pregnant rabbits, atovaquone administered in oral doses of 300 mg, 600 mg, and 1,200 mg/kg/day during organogenesis (GD6 to GD18) caused decreased fetal body length at a maternally toxic dose of 1,200 mg/kg/day corresponding to a plasma concentration that is approximately 0.5 times the estimated human exposure based on steady-state plasma concentrations. In a pre- and post-natal study in rats, atovaquone administered in oral doses of 250 mg, 500 mg, and 1,000 mg/kg/day from GD15 until Lactation Day (LD) 20 did not impair the growth or developmental effects in first generation offspring at doses up to 1,000 mg/kg/ day corresponding to approximately 3 times the estimated human exposure based on steady-state plasma concentrations during the treatment of PCP.
Atovaquone crossed the placenta and was present in fetal rat and rabbit tissue.
8.2Lactation Risk Summary The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that HIV-1-infected mothers not breastfeed their infants to avoid risking postnatal transmission of HIV-1. There are no data on the presence of atovaquone in human milk, the effects on the breastfed child, or the effects on milk production. Atovaquone was detected in rat milk when lactating rats were administered oral atovaquone (see Data).
When a drug is present in animal milk, it is likely the drug will be present in human milk. Because of the potential for HIV-1 transmission to HIV-negative infants, instruct mothers with HIV-1 not to breastfeed if they are taking atovaquone oral suspension for the prevention or treatment of PCP. Data In a rat study with doses of 10 mg and 250 mg/kg given orally by gavage on postpartum Day 11, atovaquone concentrations in the milk were 30% of the concurrent atovaquone concentrations in the maternal plasma at both doses.
The concentration of drug in animal milk does not necessarily predict the concentration of drug in human milk.
8.4Pediatric Use Evidence of safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients (aged 12 years and younger) has not been established. In a trial of atovaquone oral suspension administered once daily with food for 12 days to 27 HIV-1-infected, asymptomatic infants and children aged between 1- month and 13 years, the pharmacokinetics of atovaquone were age-depe…
🤰 Pregnancy ▾
8.1Pregnancy Risk Summary Available data from postmarketing experience with use of atovaquone in pregnant women are insufficient to identify a drug-associated risk for major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Pregnant women with HIV who are infected with PCP are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (see Clinical Considerations) . Atovaquone given orally by gavage to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis did not cause fetal malformations at plasma concentrations up to 3 times and 0.5 times, respectively, the estimated human exposure based on steady-state plasma concentrations (see Data) .
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.
Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk: Pregnant women with HIV who are infected with PCP are at increased risk of severe illness and maternal death associated with PCP compared with non-pregnant women. Data Animal Data: Atovaquone administered in oral doses of 250 mg, 500 mg, and 1,000 mg/kg/day to pregnant rats during organogenesis (Gestation Day [GD] 6 to GD15) did not cause maternal or embryo-fetal toxicity at doses up to 1,000 mg/kg/day corresponding to maternal plasma concentrations approximately 3 times the estimated human exposure during the treatment of PCP based on steady-state plasma concentrations.
In pregnant rabbits, atovaquone administered in oral doses of 300 mg, 600 mg, and 1,200 mg/kg/day during organogenesis (GD6 to GD18) caused decreased fetal body length at a maternally toxic dose of 1,200 mg/kg/day corresponding to a plasma concentration that is approximately 0.5 times the estimated human exposure based on steady-state plasma concentrations. In a pre-and post-natal study in rats, atovaquone administered in oral doses of 250 mg, 500 mg, and 1,000 mg/kg/day from GD15 until Lactation Day (LD) 20 did not impair the growth or developmental effects in first generation offspring at doses up to 1,000 mg/kg/day corresponding to approximately 3 times the estimated human exposure based on steady-state plasma concentrations during the treatment of PCP.
Atovaquone crossed the placenta and was present in fetal rat and rabbit tissue.
🧒 Pediatric Use ▾
8.4Pediatric Use Evidence of safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients (aged 12 years and younger) has not been established. In a trial of atovaquone oral suspension administered once daily with food for 12 days to 27 HIV-1–infected, asymptomatic infants and children aged between 1-month and 13 years, the pharmacokinetics of atovaquone were age-dependent. The average steady-state plasma atovaquone concentrations in the 24 subjects with available concentration data are shown in Table 5.
Table 5. Average Steady-State Plasma Atovaquone Concentrations in Pediatric Subjects Age Dose of Atovaquone Oral Suspension 10 mg/kg 30 mg/kg 45 mg/kg Average C ss in mcg/mL (mean ± SD) 1 month to 3 months 5.9 (n = 1) 27.8 ± 5.8 (n = 4) _ > 3 months to 24 months 5.7 ± 5.1 (n = 4) 9.8 ± 3.2 (n = 4) 15.4 ± 6.6 (n = 4) > 2 years to 13 years 16.8 ± 6.4 (n = 4) 37.1 ± 10.9 (n = 3) _ C ss = Concentration at steady state.
🧓 Geriatric Use ▾
8.5Geriatric Use Clinical trials of atovaquone did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 years and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.
🆘 Overdosage ▾
10 OVERDOSAGE 10 OVERDOSAGE Overdoses up to 31,500 mg of atovaquone have been reported. In one such patient who also took an unspecified dose of dapsone, methemoglobinemia occurred. Rash has also been reported after overdose. There is no known antidote for atovaquone, and it is currently unknown if atovaquone is dialyzable.
🧬 Clinical Pharmacology ▾
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12. 1 Mechanism of Action Atovaquone is a quinone antimicrobial drug [see Microbiology (Section 12.4)] .
12.2Pharmacodynamics Relationship between Plasma Atovaquone Concentrations and Clinical Outcome In a comparative clinical trial, HIV/AIDS subjects received atovaquone tablets 750 mg 3 times daily or TMP-SMX for treatment of mild-to-moderate PCP for 21 days [see Clinical Studies (Section 14.2)] ; the relationship between atovaquone plasma concentrations and successful treatment outcome from 113 of these subjects for whom both steady-state drug concentrations and outcome data were available is shown in Table 6. Table 6.
Relationship between Plasma Atovaquone Concentrations and Successful Treatment Outcome Steady-State Plasma Atovaquone Concentrations (mcg/mL) Successful Treatment a No. of Successes / No. in Group (%) 0 to < 5 0/6 (0%) 5 to < 10 18/26 (69%) 10 to < 15 30/38 (79%) 15 to < 20 18/19 (95%) ≥ 20 24/24 (100%) a Successful treatment outcome was defined as improvement in clinical and respiratory measures persisting at least 4 weeks after cessation of therapy. Improvement in clinical and respiratory measures was assessed using a composite of parameters that included oral body temperature, respiratory rate, and severity scores for cough, dyspnea, and chest pain/tightness.
Cardiac Effects The effect of atovaquone oral suspension on the QT interval is unknown in humans.
12.3Pharmacokinetics Plasma atovaquone concentrations do not increase proportionally with dose following ascending repeat-dose administration of atovaquone oral suspension in healthy subjects. When atovaquone oral suspension was administered with food at dosage regimens of 500 mg once daily, 750 mg once daily, and 1,000 mg once daily, mean (±SD) steady-state plasma atovaquone concentrations were 11.7 ± 4.8, 12.5 ± 5.8, and 13.5 ± 5.1 mcg/mL, respectively. The corresponding mean (±SD) C max concentrations were 15.1 ± 6.1, 15.3 ± 7.6, and 16.8 ± 6.4 mcg/mL.
Absorption Atovaquone is a highly lipophilic compound with low aqueous solubility. The mean (±SD) absolute bioavailability of atovaquone from a 750 mg dose of atovaquone oral suspension administered under fed conditions in 9 HIV-1-infected (CD4 > 100 cells/mm 3 ) volunteers was 47% ± 15%. Effect of Food: Administering atovaquone oral suspension with food enhances atovaquone bioavailability.
Sixteen healthy subjects received a single 750 mg dose of atovaquone oral suspension after an overnight fast and following a meal (23 g fat: 610 kCal). The mean (±SD) atovaquone AUC under fasting and fed conditions were 324 ± 115 and 801 ± 320 h●mcg/mL, respectively, representing a 2.6 ± 1-fold increase. Distribution Following IV administration of atovaquone, the mean (±SD) volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was 0.60 ±
0.17L/kg (n = 9). Atovaquone is extensively bound to plasma proteins (99.9%) over the concentration range of 1 to 90 mcg/mL. In 3 HIV-1-infected children who received 750 mg atovaquone as the tablet formulation 4 times daily for 2 weeks, the cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of atovaquone were 0.04, 0.14, and 0.26 mcg/mL, representing less than 1% of the plasma concentration.
Elimination The mean (±SD) half-life of atovaquone was 62.5 ± 35.3 hours after IV administration and ranged from 67.0 ± 33.4 to 77.6 ± 23.1 hours following administration of atovaquone oral suspension. Metabolism: The metabolism of atovaquone is unknown. Excretion: Following oral administration of 14C-labelled atovaquone to healthy subjects, greater than 94% of the dose was recovered as unchanged atovaquone in the feces over 21 days.
Specific Populations Patients with Hepatic or Renal Impairment: The pharmacokinetics of atovaquone have not been studied in patients with hepatic or renal impairment. HIV-Infected Subjects: When atovaquone oral suspension was administered to 5 HIV-1–infected subjects at a dose of 750 mg twice daily, the mean (±SD) steady-state plasma atova…
🧬 Mechanism of Action ▾
12.1Mechanism of Action Atovaquone is a quinone antimicrobial drug [see Microbiology ( 12.4)].
📦 How Supplied / Storage and Handling ▾
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Atovaquone oral suspension, USP 750 mg/5 mL is an opaque yellow, artificial mixed berry-flavored, oral suspension. It is supplied in the following: NDC 81033-104-05: 5 mL unit-dose cup NDC 81033-104-42: Carton containing 42 unit-dose cups of 5 mL each NDC 81033-104-22: Carton containing 20 unit-dose cups of 5 mL each Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Do not freeze.
📋 Description ▾
11 DESCRIPTION 11 DESCRIPTION Atovaquone oral suspension, USP is a quinone antimicrobial drug. The chemical name of atovaquone is trans -2-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl]-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione. Atovaquone, USP is a yellow colored powder that is freely soluble in tetrahydrofuran, soluble in chloroform and sparingly soluble in acetone.
It has a molecular weight of 366.84 and the molecular formula C 22 H 19 ClO 3 . The compound has the following structural formula: Atovaquone oral suspension, USP is a formulation of micro-fine particles of atovaquone, USP. Each 5 mL of atovaquone oral suspension, USP contains 750 mg of atovaquone, USP and the inactive ingredients artificial mixed berry-flavor, benzyl alcohol, hydrochloric acid, poloxamer 188 micronized, purified water, saccharin sodium, sodium hydroxide, and xanthan gum.
Structure
💬 Information for Patients ▾
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION 17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Administration Instructions Instruct patients to: • Ensure the prescribed dose of atovaquone oral suspension is taken as directed. • Take their daily doses of atovaquone oral suspension with food, as food will significantly improve the absorption of the drug. • Shake atovaquone oral suspension gently before use each time. Lactation Instruct mothers with HIV-1 infection not to breastfeed because HIV-1 can be passed to the baby in the breast milk [see Use in Specific Populations (Section 8.2)].
Packaged by: Kesin Pharma Oldsmar, FL 34677 PI 01 Revised: 10/2024 Kesin Pharma Logo