Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 8 of 13 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Apollon Nutrition

50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry label
See full label image
Powder Category: Amino Acid/protein
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking 50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry is a dietary supplement by Apollon Nutrition with 13 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 2,122 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Xanthan Gum, Beet powder, natural Strawberry flavor. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against 50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry by Apollon Nutrition

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with 50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry by Apollon Nutrition — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of 50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry by Apollon Nutrition

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 11 active ingredients.
  • “Whey Protein Isolate” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (14 Gram(s)) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Flavoring” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (5.80 Gram(s)) without saying how much of each component you get.

This powder contains 11 ingredients, of which several are active compounds with physiological roles. Sodium and potassium are electrolytes that regulate fluid balance, nerve signaling, and muscle function.

Calcium supports bone health, muscle contraction, and cell signaling. Whey protein isolate and micellar casein are complete proteins that provide amino acids for muscle repair and recovery.

Beet powder contributes nitrates and betalains, compounds studied for exercise performance and blood flow. The natural strawberry flavoring brings polyphenols with potential antioxidant effects.

Xanthan gum acts as a thickener and texture modifier. The inactive ingredients in this formula are noted as none, meaning the listed components serve functional purposes.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Build muscle and speed recovery.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Muscle strength, Muscle hypertrophy, Post-workout recovery — and 2 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Beet is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Beet is rated "Possibly Effective" for Exercise-induced muscle soreness.
  • Also on file: Beet is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Muscle strength, Exercise-induced muscle damage.

Calcium in this product is rated Effective for kidney failure, dyspepsia, hypocalcemia, and hyperkalemia, and Likely Effective for osteoporosis. Casein protein (from micellar casein) shows insufficient evidence for most uses listed—athletic performance, COPD, and diabetes—though it was rated Possibly Ineffective for infant development.

Beet powder is Possibly Effective for athletic performance and exercise-induced muscle soreness, but Possibly Ineffective for COPD and shows insufficient evidence for dyslipidemia and cognitive function. Xanthan gum is Possibly Effective for constipation and swallowing dysfunction but lacks reliable evidence for diabetes, dry eye, and Sjögren syndrome.

Strawberry flavoring shows insufficient evidence for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Sodium's effectiveness ratings include Likely Effective for cystic fibrosis and Possibly Effective for amphotericin B nephrotoxicity, but Insufficient Reliable Evidence for bipolar disorder and congestive heart failure.

Potassium has no effectiveness ratings in our data.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Potassium Calcium Whey Protein Casein Protein Strawberry Beet Xanthan Gum

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 7 of the 7 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 6 of 7.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 7 of 7.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Calcium is generally well tolerated at recommended doses; the safety notes confirm it's Likely Safe in pregnancy and lactation at appropriate amounts. However, high doses can rarely cause kidney stones or calciphylaxis, and some research links very high intakes (over 1,500–2,000 mg daily) to prostate cancer risk and cardiovascular concerns, though these findings remain debated.

Sodium is safe in normal dietary amounts but poses risks with excess intake—high sodium is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, kidney disease, and gastric cancer in population studies. The safety data advises caution with sodium supplementation.

Potassium from food is fine, but supplements can dangerously raise blood potassium levels, especially in people with kidney disease; the facts rate it Likely Safe in pregnancy and lactation at normal amounts. Casein protein is generally safe for dairy-tolerant people and rated safe in pregnancy and lactation, though rarely it can trigger allergic reactions (skin reactions, breathing difficulty, anaphylaxis) and may cause diarrhea, constipation, or vomiting.

Strawberry is safe in food amounts; concentrated supplements have not been well studied in pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Beet powder is safe as a food but lacks safety data for concentrated supplements; it can cause red or black stools (harmless), and rarely, hypocalcemia or kidney damage at large amounts.

Xanthan gum is safe in food amounts; large supplemental doses are not well studied during breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Potassium Calcium Whey Protein Casein Protein Strawberry Beet Xanthan Gum

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 6 of the 7 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Beet, Xanthan Gum, Strawberry, Calcium, Potassium, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; heart-rhythm medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 2,122 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your pharmacist if you take any of these: HIV medications (dolutegravir, elvitegravir, raltegravir), the antibiotic ceftriaxone, thyroid hormone (levothyroxine), blood pressure drugs or lithium (sodium may interfere), potassium-sparing diuretics or ACE inhibitors/ARBs (potassium risk), blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (strawberry), heart medications like diltiazem or sotalol (calcium), or any drug processed by liver enzymes CYP3A4 (beet). Xanthan gum can also slow absorption of oral medications taken within an hour of it.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This powder blends protein and electrolytes—useful for those seeking post-workout nutrition or mineral supplementation. However, it carries substantial medication interactions: if you take any blood pressure drugs, lithium, heart medications, blood thinners, HIV antiretrovirals, thyroid hormone, corticosteroids, or diuretics, check your exact prescriptions with your pharmacist or the tool on this page before starting.

People with kidney disease should be especially cautious with sodium and potassium. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before use, especially if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or managing any chronic condition.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 7 of 11 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 19, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about 50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry, straight from the product label.

Brand Apollon Nutrition
Barcode (UPC) 850862007071
Net contents 1.94 lb(s); 879 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD May 19, 2022
DSLD ID 265341
Product type Amino Acid/protein
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for 50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry by Apollon Nutrition, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
33.8 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
67.6 Gram(s)
Servings per container
26
UPC/BARCODE
850862007071
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories135 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates4 Gram(s)1%
Sugar1 Gram(s)--
Calories from Fat25 Calorie(s)--
Sodium95 mg4%
Potassium77 mg3%
Cholesterol8 mg3%
Calcium390 mg40%
Salt0 NP--
Whey Protein Isolate14 Gram(s)--
Sucralose0 NP--
Micellar Casein14 Gram(s)--
Flavoring5.8 Gram(s)--
natural Strawberry flavor0 NP--
Beet powder0 NP--
Total Fat3 Gram(s)5%
Saturated Fat2.5 Gram(s)14%
Protein24 Gram(s)48%
complete Protein12.5 Gram(s)--
Xanthan Gum0 NP--
Dairy Creamer0 NP--

Other ingredients: None

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: As a dietary supplement mix 1-2 scoops of Apollon Nutrition 50/50 Formula-X in 6-12 oz. of cold water within 30 minutes of your workout. Also take another serving before bedtime. You might want to consider taking a serving first thing in the morning and 30-45 minutes before your workout. Apollon Nutrition 50/50 Formula-X can be consumed between meals for added daily amount of protein or can be added to your meals i.e. oatmeal.

Precautions

Warning: Not intended for use by persons under the age of 18. Keep out of the reach of children.

If you are pregnant or breast feeding, consult your health care professional before using this product. People with known medical conditions and/or taking drugs should consult with a licensed physician prior to taking.

Allergens: Milk & soy (from lecithin).

Notice: This product is intended as a dietary supplement only. Do not use as a sole source of nutrition.

Formulation

Clean formulation No fillers No Additives No artificial colors

Build muscle Speed recovery 100% Transparency

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Apollon Nutrition and 50/50 Formula-X are trademarks of R&M Fitness, LLC. 2016. All rights reserved.

Formula

Whey Isolate Casein special blend

Wild Strawberry natural and artificial flavors

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Seals/Symbols

Made in USA of domestic and international ingredients

General Statements

Typical Amino Acid Profile per serving Essential Amino Acids (EAAs) Tryptophan 379 mg Valine 1543 mg Threonine 1459 mg Isoleucine 1543 mg Leucine 2511 mg Lysine 2385 mg Phenylalanine 1024 mg Methionine 633 mg Conditionally Essential Amino Acids (CAAs) Arginine 799 mg Cysteine 407 mg Tyrosine 1164 mg Histidine 589 mg Proline 2175 mg Glutamic Acid (Glutamine Precursor) 5203 mg Branch Amino Acids Nonessential Amino Acids (NAAs) Aspartic Acid 2244 mg Serine 1304 mg Glycine 561 mg Alanine 1010 mg

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry by Apollon Nutrition label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in 50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry by Apollon Nutrition

These are the 13 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size33.8 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container26 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sugar

1 Gram(s) per serving

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
95 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Potassium

Interacts with
62 drugs
77 mg per serving

Potassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanc...

Potassium monograph & interactions

Calcium

Interacts with
168 drugs
390 mg per serving

Calcium is an essential mineral your body needs for strong bones, nerve signaling, and muscle function, and supplements can help fill gaps when diet f...

Calcium monograph & interactions

Whey Protein Isolate

Interacts with
53 drugs
14 Gram(s) per serving

Whey protein is a high-quality, complete protein made from cow's milk that can help people meet protein needs and support muscle growth when combined...

Whey Protein Isolate monograph & interactions
  • › Complete Protein

Micellar Casein

No known
interactions
14 Gram(s) per serving

Casein is a slow-digesting protein from milk that supplies all the essential amino acids and is popular for muscle recovery, especially overnight. It...

Micellar Casein monograph & interactions

Flavoring

5.8 Gram(s) per serving

Protein

24 Gram(s) per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: None. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry by Apollon Nutrition Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against 50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
2,122Drugs
12 Major 1,003 Moderate 1,107 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Xanthan Gum 2,022
Beet powder 861
natural Strawberry flavor 316
Sodium 205
Calcium 168

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in 50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry interact with 2,122 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

7 of the 13 ingredients in 50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Xanthan Gum Beet powder natural Strawberry flavor Sodium Calcium Potassium Whey Protein Isolate

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in 50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Xanthan Gum1 drug type · 2,022 drugs

Oral Drugs

Theoretically, xanthan gum can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber qualities. Xanthan gum slows gastric emptying and has been used to control the release of drugs in tablet formulations. To avoid any alterations in drug absorption, xanthan gum should be taken 30-60 minutes after oral medications.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Xanthan Gum full monograph & interactions

Beet powder3 drug types · 861 drugs

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that betanin, the major pigment in beet, competitively inhibits CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner similarly to strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Beet and beetroot contain nitrates, which can cause vasodilation, potentially leading to lower blood pressure. However, a study published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition using concentrated beetroot juice found no significant impact on blood pressure or heart rate in different age groups. Other small clinical studies suggest that while beet consumption might transiently lower blood pressure due to vessel dilation, there's no consistent evidence of a lasting effect. Overall, the theoretical risk of reduced blood pressure due to beet's nitrate content exists, but studies generally indicate a low and temporary impact rather than a sustained decrease.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that beet induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Beet powder full monograph & interactions

natural Strawberry flavor2 drug types · 316 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

In vitro and animal research suggests that strawberry extract can inhibit platelet aggregation due to its phenolic content. Theoretically, strawberry might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Some anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

In vitro research suggests that strawberry extract can inhibit p-glycoprotein efflux. Theoretically, strawberry might inhibit p-glycoprotein mediated drug efflux and potentially increase levels of drugs that are substrates of p-glycoprotein. Until more is known, strawberry should be used cautiously in people taking p-glycoprotein substrates.
Drugs that might be affected include some chemotherapeutic agents (etoposide, paclitaxel, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine), antifungals (ketoconazole, itraconazole), protease inhibitors (amprenavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, saquinavir), H2 antagonists (cimetidine, ranitidine), some calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil), corticosteroids, erythromycin, cisapride (Propulsid), fexofenadine (Allegra), cyclosporine, loperamide (Imodium), quinidine, and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
natural Strawberry flavor full monograph & interactions

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions

Calcium18 drug types · 168 drugs

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Co-administration of intravenous calcium and ceftriaxone can result in precipitation of a ceftriaxone-calcium salt in the lungs and kidneys.
Avoid administering intravenous calcium in any form, such as parenteral nutrition or Lactated Ringers, within 48 hours of intravenous ceftriaxone. Case reports in neonates show that administering intravenous ceftriaxone and calcium can result in precipitation of a ceftriaxone-calcium salt in the lungs and kidneys. In several cases, neonates have died as a result of this interaction. So far there are no reports in adults; however, there is still concern that this interaction might occur in adults.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Dolutegravir (Tivicay)

Calcium seems to reduce levels of dolutegravir.
Advise patients to take dolutegravir either 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking calcium supplements. Pharmacokinetic research suggests that taking calcium carbonate 1200 mg concomitantly with dolutegravir 50 mg reduces plasma levels of dolutegravir by almost 40%. Calcium appears to decrease levels of dolutegravir through chelation.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Elvitegravir (Vitekta)

Calcium seems to reduce levels of elvitegravir.
Advise patients to take elvitegravir either 2 hours before or 2 hours after taking calcium supplements. Pharmacokinetic research suggests that taking calcium along with elvitegravir can reduce blood levels of elvitegravir through chelation.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Aluminum

Calcium citrate might increase aluminum absorption and toxicity. Other types of calcium do not increase aluminum absorption.
Calcium citrate can increase the absorption of aluminum when taken with aluminum hydroxide. The increase in aluminum levels may become toxic, particularly in individuals with kidney disease. However, the effect of calcium citrate on aluminum absorption is due to the citrate anion rather than calcium cation. Calcium acetate does not appear to increase aluminum absorption.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)

Calcium might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption when taken in a fasting state.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide and calcium can be taken together if taken with food. However, if taken on an empty stomach, bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should not be taken with, or 2 hours after, calcium containing products.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bisphosphonates

Calcium reduces the absorption of bisphosphonates.
Advise patients to take bisphosphonates at least 30 minutes before calcium, but preferably at a different time of day. Calcium supplements decrease absorption of bisphosphonates.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Calcipotriene (Dovonex)

Taking calcipotriene with calcium might increase the risk for hypercalcemia.
Calcipotriene is a vitamin D analog used topically for psoriasis. It can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to cause systemic effects, including hypercalcemia. Theoretically, combining calcipotriene with calcium supplements might increase the risk of hypercalcemia.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Using intravenous calcium with digoxin might increase the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias.
Hypercalcemia increases the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias with digoxin. However, one retrospective analysis of clinical data suggests that intravenous calcium does not increase the risk of dysrhythmias or mortality in patients receiving digoxin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Others)

Theoretically, calcium may reduce the therapeutic effects of diltiazem.
Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically, calcium might increase this risk of hypercalcemia and reduce the effectiveness of diltiazem.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)

Calcium seems to reduce the absorption and effectiveness of levothyroxine.
Advise patients to take levothyroxine and calcium supplements at least 4 hours apart. Calcium reduces levothyroxine absorption, probably by forming insoluble complexes. Calcium carbonate supplements reduce effectiveness of levothyroxine in patients with hypothyroidism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Lithium

Theoretically, concomitant use of calcium and lithium may increase this risk of hypercalcemia.
Clinical research suggests that long-term use of lithium may cause hypercalcemia in 10% to 60% of patients. Theoretically, concomitant use of lithium and calcium supplements may further increase this risk.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Quinolone Antibiotics

Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of quinolone antibiotics.
Advise patients to take oral quinolones at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after calcium supplements or calcium-fortified foods. Taking calcium at the same time as oral quinolones can reduce quinolone absorption. Calcium binds to quinolones in the gut.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Raltegravir (Isentress)

Calcium may reduce levels of raltegravir.
Pharmacokinetic research shows that taking a single dose of calcium carbonate 3000 mg along with raltegravir 400 mg twice daily modestly decreases the mean area under the curve of raltegravir, but the decrease does not necessitate a dose adjustment of raltegravir. However, a case of elevated HIV-1 RNA levels and documented resistance to raltegravir has been reported for a patient taking calcium carbonate 1 gram three times daily plus vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 400 IU three times daily in combination with raltegravir 400 mg twice daily for 11 months. It is thought that calcium reduced raltegravir levels by chelation, leading to treatment failure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Sotalol (Betapace)

Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of sotalol.
Advise patients to separate doses by at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after calcium. Calcium appears to reduce the absorption of sotalol, probably by forming insoluble complexes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics.
Advise patients to take oral tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after calcium supplements. Taking calcium at the same time as oral tetracyclines can reduce tetracycline absorption. Calcium binds to tetracyclines in the gut.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Thiazide Diuretics

Taking calcium along with thiazides might increase the risk of hypercalcemia and renal failure.
Thiazides reduce calcium excretion by the kidneys. Using thiazides along with moderately large amounts of calcium carbonate increases the risk of milk-alkali syndrome (hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, renal failure). Patients may need to have their serum calcium levels and/or parathyroid function monitored regularly.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Verapamil (Calan, Others)

Theoretically, calcium may reduce the therapeutic effects of verapamil.
Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically, use of calcium supplements may increase this risk of hypercalcemia and reduce the effectiveness of verapamil.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Calcium Channel Blockers

Intravenous calcium may decrease the effects of calcium channel blockers; oral calcium is unlikely to have this effect.
Intravenous calcium is used to decrease the effects of calcium channel blockers in the management of overdose. Intravenous calcium gluconate has been used before intravenous verapamil (Isoptin) to prevent or reduce the hypotensive effects without affecting the antiarrhythmic effects. But there is no evidence that dietary or supplemental calcium when taken orally interacts with calcium channel blockers.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Calcium full monograph & interactions

Potassium3 drug types · 62 drugs

Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Using ACEIs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ACEIs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Arbs)

Using ARBs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ARBs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Concomitant use increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Using potassium-sparing diuretics with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Potassium full monograph & interactions

Whey Protein Isolate4 drug types · 53 drugs

Levodopa

Theoretically, whey protein might decrease levodopa absorption.
Small clinical studies show that concomitant ingestion of protein or high doses of leucine or isoleucine (100 mg/kg) and levodopa can exacerbate tremor, rigidity, and the "on-off" syndrome in patients with Parkinson disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bisphosphonates

Theoretically, whey protein might reduce the absorption of bisphosphonates.
Whey protein contains minerals such as calcium that bind bisphosphonates in the gut. Advise patients to take bisphosphonates at least 30 minutes before whey protein, but preferably at a different time of day.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Quinolone Antibiotics

Theoretically, whey protein might decrease quinolone absorption.
Whey protein contains minerals, such as calcium, that can bind to quinolones in the gut. To avoid this interaction, advise patients to take oral quinolones at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after whey protein.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, whey protein might decrease tetracycline absorption.
Whey protein contains minerals, such as calcium, that bind to tetracyclines in the gut. To avoid this interaction, advise patients to take oral tetracyclines at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after whey protein.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Whey Protein Isolate full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for 50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry, from the product label.

Apollon Nutrition

See all Apollon Nutrition products
Name
Apollon Nutrition
Street Address
160 Talmadge Road
City
Edison
State
NJ
ZipCode
08817
Phone Number
732-985-8576
Web Address
ApollonNutrition.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry by Apollon Nutrition: Common Questions

Does 50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry by Apollon Nutrition interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, 50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry has a known interaction with 2,122 medications, including 12 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry contains 13 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
The safety data for this product in pregnancy and lactation is mixed and incomplete. Calcium is Likely Safe at recommended amounts in pregnancy and lactation. Sodium's pregnancy rating is mixed (Likely Safe and Possibly Unsafe listed separately), so avoid excess—and there's not enough data on concentrated supplements. Potassium is Likely Safe at normal amounts. Strawberry and beet supplements lack safety data for pregnancy and breastfeeding. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using this during pregnancy or while breastfeeding to make sure it's right for your individual situation.
What are the protein sources in this powder?
This formula contains whey protein isolate and micellar casein as its protein sources. Both are complete proteins that provide amino acids for muscle recovery and repair. Casein is a milk protein that digests more slowly than whey, which some people prefer. If you're allergic to dairy, this product is not suitable for you.
Will this cause side effects?
Most people tolerate the individual ingredients well. Common mild side effects may include digestive effects from the xanthan gum (flatulence, bloating) or casein protein (constipation or diarrhea). Beet powder may cause harmless red or black stools. Rarely, strawberry or casein can trigger allergic reactions. Start with a smaller amount to see how your body responds, and talk to your pharmacist if you have a history of dairy or strawberry allergies.
Does the sodium and potassium content make this suitable for athletes?
Yes, electrolytes like sodium and potassium are important for hydration and muscle function, especially during exercise. However, this product contains dietary amounts designed to supplement normal intake—not replace a balanced diet. If you have kidney disease, high blood pressure, or take medications that affect electrolyte levels, check with your doctor before use to ensure the amounts are appropriate for you.
What does the beet powder do?
Beet powder is included primarily for its nitrate and antioxidant content. Research shows it's Possibly Effective for athletic performance and exercise-induced muscle soreness—the nitrates may help with blood flow and oxygen delivery during exercise. It's generally well tolerated, though it can turn your urine and stool red or dark, which is harmless.
Is this safe if I have kidney disease?
This product contains sodium and potassium, both of which require careful monitoring if you have kidney disease since your kidneys may not regulate them normally. High levels of either electrolyte can be dangerous. Talk with your nephrologist or pharmacist before using this product—your kidney function and current medications will determine whether it's safe for you.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if 50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind 50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Potassium

Interacts with 62 drugs

Potassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables. P...

Read the full Potassium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Calcium

Interacts with 168 drugs

Calcium is an essential mineral your body needs for strong bones, nerve signaling, and muscle function, and supplements can help fill gaps when diet falls short. Most people do best getting...

Read the full Calcium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Whey Protein

Interacts with 53 drugs

Whey protein is a high-quality, complete protein made from cow's milk that can help people meet protein needs and support muscle growth when combined with exercise. It is generally safe for...

Read the full Whey Protein monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Casein Protein

Casein is a slow-digesting protein from milk that supplies all the essential amino acids and is popular for muscle recovery, especially overnight. It is generally safe for most people who to...

Read the full Casein Protein monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Strawberry

Interacts with 316 drugs

Strawberry is a popular, nutrient-rich fruit that supplies vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidant plant compounds. Eating strawberries as part of a balanced diet is healthy for most people, but c...

Read the full Strawberry monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Beet

Interacts with 861 drugs

Beet, especially beetroot juice, is a nitrate-rich food that may modestly lower blood pressure and slightly improve exercise performance in some people. It is generally safe as a food, but s...

Read the full Beet monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Xanthan Gum

Interacts with 2,022 drugs

Xanthan gum is a fermentation-made fiber widely used to thicken and stabilize foods and to thicken liquids for people with swallowing difficulties. It is generally recognized as safe in the...

Read the full Xanthan Gum monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

50/50 Formula-X Wild Strawberry's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 241 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
  32. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
  33. Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
  34. Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
  35. Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
  36. Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
  37. George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
  38. Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed

See these in context on the Sodium monograph →

Potassium 12 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Gennaro A. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. 19th ed. Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins, 1996.
  3. Whelton PK, He J, Cutler JA, et al. Effects of oral potassium on blood pressure. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. JAMA 1997;277:1624-32. PubMed
  4. Phillips, C. O., Kashani, A., Ko, D. K., Francis, G., and Krumholz, H. M. Adverse effects of combination angiotensin II receptor blockers plus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for left ventricular dysfunction: a quantitative review of data from ra DOI
  5. Altieri, P. I., Herrero, C., Suero, R., and Ortiz, A. Bleeding duodenal ulcer in a patient taking slow-releasing potassium tablets. Bol.Asoc.Med P.R. 1977;69(8):276.
  6. Raf, L. E. Enteric-coated potassium chloride tablets and ulcer of the small intestine. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 1967;(374):1-87.
  7. Potassium chloride oral solution [package insert]. Allentown, PA: Lehigh Valley Technologies, Inc.; 2014.
  8. Potassium chloride injection [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira Inc.; 2009.
  9. Patel RB, Tannenbaum S, Viana-Tejedor A, et al. Serum potassium levels, cardiac arrhythmias, and mortality following non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction or unstable angina: insights from MERLIN-TIMI 36. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2017 Feb;6(1):1 PubMed
  10. Malta D, Arcand J, Ravindran A, Floras V, Allard JP, Newton GE. Adequate intake of potassium does not cause hyperkalemia in hypertensive individuals taking medications that antagonize the renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Am J Clin Nutr 2016 Oct;104(4 PubMed
  11. Keskin M, Kaya A, Tatlisu MA, et al. The effect of serum potassium level on in-hospital and long-term mortality in ST elevation myocardial infarction. Int J cardiol. 2016 Oct 15;221:505-10.
  12. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad

See these in context on the Potassium monograph →

Calcium 62 references
  1. Shils M, Olson A, Shike M. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Febiger, 1994.
  2. Hernandez-Avila M, Gonzalez-Cossio T, Hernandez-Avila JE, et al. Dietary calcium supplements to lower blood lead levels in lactating women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Epidemiology 2003;14:206-12.. PubMed
  3. Thys-Jacobs S, Ceccarelli S, Bierman A, et al. Calcium supplementation in premenstrual syndrome: a randomized crossover trial. J Gen Intern Med 1989;4:183-9. PubMed
  4. Maton PN, Burton ME. Antacids revisited: a review of their clinical pharmacology and recommended therapeutic use. Drugs 1999;57:855-70.
  5. Clemens JD, Feinstein AR. Calcium carbonate and constipation: a historical review of medical mythopoeia. Gastroenterology 1977;72:957-61. DOI
  6. Saunders D, Sillery J, Chapman R. Effect of calcium carbonate and aluminum hydroxide on human intestinal function. Dig Dis Sci 1988;33:409-13. PubMed
  7. Friedman PA, Bushinsky DA. Diuretic effects on calcium metabolism. Semin Nephrol 1999;19:551-6.
  8. Koo WK, Walters JC, Esterlitz J, et al. Maternal calcium supplementation and fetal bone mineralization. Obstet Gynecol 1999;94:577-82. DOI
  9. Raman L, Rajalakshmi K, Krishnamachari KAVR, et al. Effect of calcium supplementation to undernourished mothers during pregnancy on the bone density of the neonates. Am J Clin Nutr 1978; 31:466-9. DOI
  10. Murry JJ, Healy MD. Drug-mineral interactions: a new responsibility for the hospital dietician. J Am Diet Assoc 1991;91:66-73.
  11. Chan JM, Giovannucci E, Andersson SO, et al. Dairy products, calcium, phosphorous, vitamin D, and risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1998;9:559-66.
  12. Butner LE, Fulco PP, Feldman G, et al. Calcium carbonate-induced hypothyroidism. Ann Intern Med 2000:132:595. PubMed
  13. Schneyer CR. Calcium carbonate and reduction of levothyroxine efficacy. JAMA 1998;279:750. PubMed
  14. Moser LR, Smythe MA, Tisdale JE. The use of calcium salts in the prevention and management of verapamil-induced hypotension. Ann Pharmacother 2000;34:622-9. PubMed
  15. Singh N, Singh PN, Hershman JM. Effect of calcium carbonate on the absorption of levothyroxine. JAMA 2000;283:2822-5. PubMed
  16. Kahela P, Anttila M, Tikkanen R, Sundquist H. Effect of food, food constituents and fluid volume on the bioavailability of sotalol. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1979;44:7-12.. PubMed
  17. Pletz MW, Petzold P, Allen A, et al. Effect of calcium carbonate on bioavailability of orally administered gemifloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47:2158-60.. PubMed
  18. Bar-Or D, Yoel G. Calcium and calciferol antagonize effect of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Br Med J 1981;282:1585-6.
  19. Decktor DL, Robinson M, Maton PN, et al. Effects of aluminum/magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate on esophageal and gastric pH in subjects with heartburn. Am J Ther 1995;2:546-52. PubMed
  20. Simoneau G. Absence of rebound effect with calcium carbonate. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 1996;21:351-7. PubMed
  21. Peters ML, Leonard M, Licata AA. Role of alendronate and risedronate in preventing and treating osteoporosis. Cleve Clin J Med 2001;68:945-51. PubMed
  22. Bourke JF, Mumford R, Whittaker P, et al. The effects of topical calcipotriol on systemic calcium homeostasis in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;37:929-34.
  23. Gueguen L, Pointillart A. The bioavailability of dietary calcium. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:119s-136s. PubMed
  24. Vella A, Gerber TC, Hayes DL, Reeder GS. Digoxin, hypercalcaemia, and cardiac conduction. Postgrad Med J 1999;75:554-6. PubMed
  25. Bania TC, Blaufeux B, Hughes S, et al. Calcium and digoxin vs. calcium alone for severe verapamil toxicity. Acad Emerg Med 2000;7:1089-96. PubMed
  26. Tseng M, Breslow RA, Graubard BI, Ziegler RG. Dairy, calcium, and vitamin D intakes and prostate cancer risk in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Epidemiologic Follow-up Study cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:1147-54. PubMed
  27. Weingarten MA, Zalmanovici A, Yaphe J. Dietary calcium supplementation for preventing colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(1):CD003548. PubMed
  28. Tavani A, Bertuccio P, Bosetti C, et al. Dietary intake of calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus and the risk of prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2005;48:27-33. PubMed
  29. Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. A prospective study of calcium intake and incident and fatal prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15:203-10. PubMed
  30. Rocephin (ceftriaxone) and calcium interaction. Pharmacist's Letter / Prescriber's Letter 2007;23(10):231005.
  31. Bolland MJ, Barber PA, Doughty RN, et al. Vascular events in healthy older women receiving calcium supplementation: randomised control trial. BMJ 2008;336:262-6.
  32. Bolland MJ, Avenell A, Baron JA, et al. Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis. BMJ 2010;341:c3691. PubMed
  33. Calcium supplementation and vascular events. Pharmacist's Letter / Prescriber's Letter 2008;24(3):240306.
  34. Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Institute of Medicine, November 30, 2010. Available at: http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2010/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-for-Calcium-and-Vitamin-D/Vitamin%20D%20and%20Calcium%202010%20Repo
  35. Coburn JW, Mischel MG, Goodman WG, et al. Calcium citrate markedly enhances aluminum absorption from aluminum hydroxide. Am J Kidney Dis. 1991;17(6):708-11. PubMed
  36. Bradley JS, Wassel RT, Lee L, et al. Intravenous ceftriaxone and calcium in the neonate: assessing the risk for cardiopulmonary adverse events. Pediatrics. 2009;123(4):e609-13. PubMed
  37. Kays MB, Overholser BR, Mueller BA, et al. Effects of sevelamer hydrochloride and calcium acetate on the oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(6):1253-9. PubMed
  38. Neuhofel, A. L., Wilton, J. H., Victory, J. M., Hejmanowsk, L. G., and Amsden, G. W. Lack of bioequivalence of ciprofloxacin when administered with calcium-fortified orange juice: a new twist on an old interaction. J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;42(4):461-466. DOI
  39. Dickinson, H. O., Nicolson, D. J., Cook, J. V., Campbell, F., Beyer, F. R., Ford, G. A., and Mason, J. Calcium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2006;(2):CD004639. PubMed
  40. Jones, B. J. and Twomey, P. J. Requesting patterns for serum calcium concentration in patients on long-term lithium therapy. Int J Clin Pract. 2009;63(1):170-172. PubMed
  41. Levine, M., Nikkanen, H., and Pallin, D. J. The effects of intravenous calcium in patients with digoxin toxicity. J Emerg.Med. 2011;40(1):41-46. PubMed
  42. Castelo-Branco, C., Ciria-Recasens, M., Cancelo-Hidalgo, M. J., Palacios, S., Haya-Palazuelos, J., Carbonell-Abello, J., Blanch-Rubio, J., Martinez-Zapata, M. J., Manasanch, J., and Perez-Edo, L. Efficacy of ossein-hydroxyapatite complex compared with ca
  43. Li K, Kaaks R, Linseisen J, Rohrmann S. Associations of dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation with myocardial infarction and stroke risk and overall cardiovascular mortality in the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation i
  44. Chung M, Tang AM, Fu Z. Calcium Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Oct 25. PubMed
  45. Nolan CR, Califano JR, Butzin CA. Influence of calcium acetate or calcium citrate on intestinal aluminum absorption. Kidney Int. 1990;38(5):937-41. PubMed
  46. Lewis JR, Radavelli-Bagatini S, Rejnmark L, et al. The effects of calcium supplementation on verified coronary heart disease hospitalization and death in postmenopausal women: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Bone Miner Res PubMed
  47. Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al. Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15. PubMed
  48. Lappe J, Watson P, Travers-Gustafson D, Recker R, Garland C, Gorham E, Baggerly K, McDonnell SL. Effect of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Cancer Incidence in Older Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017 Mar 28;317(12):1234-1243. PubMed
  49. Grove ML, Cook D. Calcium and heart attacks. Doesn't apply to most calcium prescriptions. BMJ. 2010;341:c5003. PubMed
  50. Insentress [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; 2014.
  51. Roberts JL, Kiser JJ, Hindman JT, Meditz AL. Virologic failure with a raltegravir-containing antiretroviral regimen and concomitant calcium administration. Pharmacotherapy 2011;31(10):298e-302e. DOI
  52. Vitekta [package insert]. Foster City, CA: Gilead Sciences, Inc.; 2014.
  53. Storan ER, O'Gorman SM, Murphy A, Laing M. Case Report of Calciphylaxis Secondary to Calcium and Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Supplementation. J Cutan Med Surg. 2017;21(2):162-163. DOI
  54. Jenkins DJA, Spence JD, Giovannucci EL, et al. Supplemental vitamins and minerals for CVD prevention and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;71(22):2570-84. PubMed
  55. Borkenhagen JF, Connor EL, Stafstrom CE. Neonatal hypocalcemic seizures due to excessive maternal calcium ingestion. Pediatr Neurol 2013;48(6):469-71. PubMed
  56. WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016 (http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/maternal_perinatal_health/ anc-positive-pregnancy-experience/en/).
  57. Aune D, Navarro Rosenblatt DA, Chan DS, et al. Dairy products, calcium, and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(1):87-117. PubMed
  58. Lan T, Park Y, Colditz GA, et al. Adolescent dairy product and calcium intake in relation to later prostate cancer risk and mortality in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Cancer Causes Control. 2020;31(10):891-904. PubMed
  59. Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu J, et al. Association of Vitamin D or Calcium Supplementation with Cardiovascular Outcomes and Mortality: A Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2021;25(2):263-270. PubMed
  60. Myung SK, Kim HB, Lee YJ, Choi YJ, Oh SW. Calcium Supplements and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2021;13(2):368. PubMed
  61. Hetaimish B. Neonatal Calcinosis Cutis After Treatment of Hypocalcemia with Calcium Gluconate: A Report of 2 Cases. Am J Case Rep 2024;25:e943397. PubMed
  62. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Biktarvy Prescribing Information. October 2024. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2024/210251Orig1s020lbl.pdf. Accessed July 16, 2025.

See these in context on the Calcium monograph →

Whey Protein 25 references
  1. Martindale W. Martindale the Extra Pharmacopoeia. Pharmaceutical Press, 1999.
  2. Maton PN, Burton ME. Antacids revisited: a review of their clinical pharmacology and recommended therapeutic use. Drugs 1999;57:855-70.
  3. Bell SJ. Whey protein concentrates with and without immunoglobulins: a review. J Med Food 2000;3:1-13. PubMed
  4. Nutt JG, Woodward WR, Hammerstad JP, et al. The "on-off" phenomenon in Parkinson's disease. Relation to levodopa absorption and transport. N Engl J Med 1984;310:483-8. PubMed
  5. Baruzzi A, Contin M, Riva R, et al. Influence of meal ingestion time on pharmacokinetics of orally administered levodopa in parkinsonian patients. Clin Neuropharmacol 1987;10:527-37. PubMed
  6. Juncos JL, Fabbrini G, Mouradian MM, et al. Dietary influences on the antiparkinsonian response to levodopa. Arch Neurol 1987;44:1003-5. PubMed
  7. Eriksson T, Granerus AK, Linde A, et al. "On-off" phenomenon in Parkinson's disease: relationship between dopa and other large neutral amino acids in plasma. Neurology 1988;38:1245-8. PubMed
  8. Semla TP, Beizer JL, Higbee MD. Geriatric Dosage Handbook. 4th ed. Hudson, OH: Lexicomp, 1998.
  9. Pletz MW, Petzold P, Allen A, et al. Effect of calcium carbonate on bioavailability of orally administered gemifloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47:2158-60.. PubMed
  10. Peters ML, Leonard M, Licata AA. Role of alendronate and risedronate in preventing and treating osteoporosis. Cleve Clin J Med 2001;68:945-51. PubMed
  11. Micke, P., Beeh, K. M., and Buhl, R. Effects of long-term supplementation with whey proteins on plasma glutathione levels of HIV-infected patients. Eur.J Nutr 2002;41(1):12-18. PubMed
  12. Chitapanarux, T., Tienboon, P., Pojchamarnwiputh, S., and Leelarungrayub, D. Open-labeled pilot study of cysteine-rich whey protein isolate supplementation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients. J Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 2009;24(6):1045-1050. PubMed
  13. Sataloff, R. T., Bittermann, T., Marks, L., Lurie, D., and Hawkshaw, M. The effects of glutathione enhancement on sensorineural hearing loss. Ear Nose Throat J 2010;89(9):422-433.
  14. Zhu, K., Meng, X., Kerr, D. A., Devine, A., Solah, V., Binns, C. W., and Prince, R. L. The effects of a two-year randomized, controlled trial of whey protein supplementation on bone structure, IGF-1, and urinary calcium excretion in older postmenopausal
  15. Bjorkman, M. P., Pilvi, T. K., Kekkonen, R. A., Korpela, R., and Tilvis, R. S. Similar effects of leucine rich and regular dairy products on muscle mass and functions of older polymyalgia rheumatica patients: a randomized crossover trial. J Nutr Health A
  16. Brun, A. C., Stordal, K., Johannesdottir, G. B., Bentsen, B. S., and Medhus, A. W. The effect of protein composition in liquid meals on gastric emptying rate in children with cerebral palsy. Clin.Nutr 2012;31(1):108-112. PubMed
  17. Gouni-Berthold, I., Schulte, D. M., Krone, W., Lapointe, J. F., Lemieux, P., Predel, H. G., and Berthold, H. K. The whey fermentation product malleable protein matrix decreases TAG concentrations in patients with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised plac
  18. Errichiello, L., Pezzella, M., Santulli, L., Striano, S., Zara, F., Minetti, C., Mainardi, P., and Striano, P. A proof-of-concept trial of the whey protein alfa-lactalbumin in chronic cortical myoclonus. Mov Disord. 2011;26(14):2573-2575. PubMed
  19. Carcillo, J. A., Dean, J. M., Holubkov, R., Berger, J., Meert, K. L., Anand, K. J., Zimmerman, J., Newth, C. J., Harrison, R., Burr, J., Willson, D. F., and Nicholson, C. The randomized comparative pediatric critical illness stress-induced immune suppres
  20. Chungchunlam, S. M., Moughan, P. J., Henare, S. J., and Ganesh, S. Effect of time of consumption of preloads on measures of satiety in healthy normal weight women. Appetite 2012;59(2):281-288. PubMed
  21. Rencuzogullari I, Börekçi A, Karakoyun S, et al. Coronary thrombosis in three coronary arteries due to whey protein. Am J Emerg Med. 2017;35(4):664.e3-664.e4. PubMed
  22. Silverberg NB. Whey protein precipitating moderate to severe acne flares in 5 teenaged athletes. Case Reports Cutis. 2012;90(2):70-2.
  23. Simonart T. Acne and whey protein supplementation among bodybuilders. Dermatology. 2012;225(3):256-8. PubMed
  24. Pontes TC, Costa Fernandes Filho GM, Pereira Trindade AS, Sobral Filho JF. Incidence of acne vulgaris in young adult users of protein-calorie supplements in the city of Jo&atilde;o Pessoa-PB. An Bras Dermatol. 2013;88(6):907-12.
  25. Adebamowo CA, Spiegelman D, Berkey CS, et al. Milk consumption and acne in teenaged boys. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008 May;58(5):787-93. PubMed

See these in context on the Whey Protein monograph →

Casein Protein 61 references
  1. Marchesini G, Dioguardi FS, Bianchi GP, et al. Long-term oral branched-chain amino acid treatment in chronic hepatic encephalopathy. A randomized double-blind casein-controlled trial. The Italian Multicenter Study Group. J Hepatol 1990;11:92-101. PubMed
  2. Potter SM, Baum JA, Teng H, et al. Soy protein and isoflavones: their effects on blood lipids and bone density in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1375S-9S. PubMed
  3. Nilausen K, Meinertz H. Variable lipemic response to dietary soy protein in healthy, normolipemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1380S-4S. PubMed
  4. Teixeira SR, Potter SM, Weigel R, et al. Effects of feeding 4 levels of soy protein for 3 and 6 wk on blood lipids and apolipoproteins in moderately hypercholesterolemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1077-84. PubMed
  5. Tonstad S, Smerud K, Hoie L. A comparison of the effects of 2 doses of soy protein or casein on serum lipids, serum lipoproteins, and plasma total homocysteine in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:78-84. PubMed
  6. Teede HJ, Dalais FS, Kotsopoulos D, et al. Dietary soy has both beneficial and potentially adverse cardiovascular effects: a placebo-controlled study in men and postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:3053-60. DOI
  7. Nilausen, K. and Meinertz, H. Lipoprotein(a) and dietary proteins: casein lowers lipoprotein(a) concentrations as compared with soy protein. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 1999;69(3):419-425. PubMed
  8. Meinertz, H., Nilausen, K., and Hilden, J. Alcohol-extracted, but not intact, dietary soy protein lowers lipoprotein(a) markedly. Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol. 2-1-2002;22(2):312-316. PubMed
  9. Dalais, F. S., Ebeling, P. R., Kotsopoulos, D., McGrath, B. P., and Teede, H. J. The effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on lipids and indices of bone resorption in postmenopausal women. Clin Endocrinol.(Oxf) 2003;58(6):704-709. PubMed
  10. Cuevas, A. M., Irribarra, V. L., Castillo, O. A., Yanez, M. D., and Germain, A. M. Isolated soy protein improves endothelial function in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women. Eur.J Clin.Nutr. 2003;57(8):889-894. PubMed
  11. Hermansen, K., Hansen, B., Jacobsen, R., Clausen, P., Dalgaard, M., Dinesen, B., Holst, J. J., Pedersen, E., and Astrup, A. Effects of soy supplementation on blood lipids and arterial function in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Eur.J Clin.Nutr. 2005;59(7 PubMed
  12. Meinertz, H., Nilausen, K., and Faergeman, O. Soy protein and casein in cholesterol-enriched diets: effects on plasma lipoproteins in normolipidemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;50(4):786-793. PubMed
  13. van Raaij, J. M., Katan, M. B., Hautvast, J. G., and Hermus, R. J. Effects of casein versus soy protein diets on serum cholesterol and lipoproteins in young healthy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 1981;34(7):1261-1271. PubMed
  14. van Raaij, J. M., Katan, M. B., West, C. E., and Hautvast, J. G. Influence of diets containing casein, soy isolate, and soy concentrate on serum cholesterol and lipoproteins in middle-aged volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 1982;35(5):925-934. PubMed
  15. Gooderham, M. H., Adlercreutz, H., Ojala, S. T., Wahala, K., and Holub, B. J. A soy protein isolate rich in genistein and daidzein and its effects on plasma isoflavone concentrations, platelet aggregation, blood lipids and fatty acid composition of plasm
  16. Baum, J. A., Teng, H., Erdman, J. W., Jr., Weigel, R. M., Klein, B. P., Persky, V. W., Freels, S., Surya, P., Bakhit, R. M., Ramos, E., Shay, N. F., and Potter, S. M. Long-term intake of soy protein improves blood lipid profiles and increases mononuclear
  17. Willoughby, D. S., Stout, J. R., and Wilborn, C. D. Effects of resistance training and protein plus amino acid supplementation on muscle anabolism, mass, and strength. Amino.Acids 2007;32(4):467-477. PubMed
  18. Claessens, M., van Baak, M. A., Monsheimer, S., and Saris, W. H. The effect of a low-fat, high-protein or high-carbohydrate ad libitum diet on weight loss maintenance and metabolic risk factors. Int J Obes.(Lond) 2009;33(3):296-304. PubMed
  19. Hoffman, J. R., Ratamess, N. A., Tranchina, C. P., Rashti, S. L., Kang, J., and Faigenbaum, A. D. Effect of a proprietary protein supplement on recovery indices following resistance exercise in strength/power athletes. Amino.Acids 2010;38(3):771-778. PubMed
  20. Pal, S. and Ellis, V. The chronic effects of whey proteins on blood pressure, vascular function, and inflammatory markers in overweight individuals. Obesity.(Silver.Spring) 2010;18(7):1354-1359. PubMed
  21. Pal, S., Ellis, V., and Dhaliwal, S. Effects of whey protein isolate on body composition, lipids, insulin and glucose in overweight and obese individuals. Br J Nutr 2010;104(5):716-723. PubMed
  22. Laviolette, L., Lands, L. C., Dauletbaev, N., Saey, D., Milot, J., Provencher, S., LeBlanc, P., and Maltais, F. Combined effect of dietary supplementation with pressurized whey and exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized,
  23. Brun, A. C., Stordal, K., Johannesdottir, G. B., Bentsen, B. S., and Medhus, A. W. The effect of protein composition in liquid meals on gastric emptying rate in children with cerebral palsy. Clin.Nutr 2012;31(1):108-112. PubMed
  24. Savage, K., Kritas, S., Schwarzer, A., Davidson, G., and Omari, T. Whey- vs casein-based enteral formula and gastrointestinal function in children with cerebral palsy. JPEN J Parenter.Enteral Nutr 2012;36(1 Suppl):118S-123S. PubMed
  25. Lorenzen, J., Frederiksen, R., Hoppe, C., Hvid, R., and Astrup, A. The effect of milk proteins on appetite regulation and diet-induced thermogenesis. Eur.J Clin.Nutr 2012;66(5):622-627. PubMed
  26. Khoshoo, V., Zembo, M., King, A., Dhar, M., Reifen, R., and Pencharz, P. Incidence of gastroesophageal reflux with whey- and casein-based formulas in infants and in children with severe neurological impairment. J Pediatr Gastroenterol.Nutr 1996;22(1):48- DOI
  27. Cepero, M. Influence of ingesting casein protein and whey carbohydrate beverages on recovery and performance of an endurance cycling test. Journal of Human Sport & Exercise 2010;5(2):158.
  28. Tarnopolsky MA, Parise G, Yardley NJ, et al. Creatine-dextrose and protein-dextrose induce similar strength gains during training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33(12):2044-52. PubMed
  29. Ormsbee MJ, Mandler WK, Thomas DD, et al. The effects of six weeks of supplementation with multi-ingredient performance supplements and resistance training on anabolic hormones, body composition, strength, and power in resistance-trained men. J Int Soc Sp PubMed
  30. Wilborn CD, Taylor LW, Outlaw J, et al. The effects of pre- and post-exercise whey vs. casein protein consumption on body composition and performance measures in collegiate female athletes. J Sports Sci Med 2013;12(1):74-9. DOI
  31. Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Tranchina CP, et al. Effect of protein-supplement timing on strength, power, and body-composition changes in resistance-trained men. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2009;19(2):172-85. PubMed
  32. Engelen MP, Rutten EP, De Castro CL, et al. Casein protein results in higher prandial and exercise induced whole body protein anabolism than whey protein in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Metabolism 2012;61(9):1289-300. PubMed
  33. Kearns PJ, Young H, Garcia G, et al. Accelerated improvement of alcoholic liver disease with enteral nutrition. Gastroenterology 1992;102(1):200-5. PubMed
  34. Christie ML, Sack DM, Pomposelli J, Horst D. Enriched branched-chain amino acid formula versus a casein-based supplement in the treatment of cirrhosis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1985;9(6):671-8. PubMed
  35. Hirsch S, Bunout D, de la Maza P, et al. Controlled trial on nutrition supplementation in outpatients with symptomatic alcoholic cirrhosis. JPEN Parenter Enteral Nutr 1993;17(2):119-24. PubMed
  36. Boulhosa RS, Oliveira LP, Jesus RP, et al. The impact of nutritional supplementation on quality of life in patients infected with hepatitis C virus. J Hum Nutr Diet 2013;26 Suppl 1:7-15.
  37. Bendtsen LQ, Lorenzen JK, Gomes S, et al. Effects of hydrolysed casein, intact casein and intact whey protein on energy expenditure and appetite regulation: a randomised, controlled, cross-over stuy. Br J Nutr 2014;112(8):1412-22.
  38. Wang MF, Yamamoto S, Chung HM, et al. Antihypercholesterolemic effect of undigested fraction of soybean protein in young female volunteers. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1995;41(2):187-95. PubMed
  39. Shige H, Ishikawa T, Higashi K, et al. Effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) and casein on the postprandial lipemia in normolipidemic men. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1998;44(1):113-27. PubMed
  40. Manders RJ, Hansen D, Zorenc AH, et al. Protein co-ingestion strongly increases postprandial insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes patients. J Med Food 2014;17(7):758-63. PubMed
  41. Jenkins DJ, Srichaikul K, Wong JM, et al. Supplemental barley protein and casein similarly affect serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic women and men. J Nutr 2010;140(9):1633-7. PubMed
  42. Figueroa A, Wong A, Kinsey A, et al. Effects of milk proteins and combined exercise training on aortic hemodynamics and arterial stiffness in young obese women with high blood pressure. Am J Hypertens 2014;27(3):338-44. PubMed
  43. Weisse K, Brandsch C, Zernsdorf B, et al. Lupin protein compared to casein lowers the LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol-ratio of hypercholesterolemic adults. Eur J Nutr 2010;49(2):65-71.
  44. Marsset-Baglieri A, Fromentin G, Airinei G, et al. Milk protein fractions moderately extend the duration of satiety compared with carbohydrates independently of their digestive kinetics in overweight subjects. Br J Nutr 2014;112(4):557-64. PubMed
  45. Pal S, Radavelli-Bagatini S, Hagger M, Ellis V. Comparative effects of whey and casein proteins on satiety in overweight and obese individuals: a randomized controlled trail. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014;68(9):980-6.
  46. Anderson JW, Fuller J, Patterson K, et al. Soy compared to casein meal replacement shakes with energy-restricted diets for obese women: randomized controlled trial. Metabolism 2007;56(2):280-8. PubMed
  47. Geerts BF, van Dongen MG, Flameling B, et al. Hydrolyzed casein decreases posprandial glucose concentrations in T2DM patients irrespective of leucine content. J Diet Suppl 2011;8(3):280-92.
  48. Docena GH, Fernandez R, Chirdo FG, Fossati CA. Identification of casein as the major allergenic and antigenic protein of cow's milk. Allergy 1996;51(6):412-6. PubMed
  49. Wal JM. Bovine milk allergenicity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004;93(5 Suppl 3):S2-11. PubMed
  50. Lam HY, van Hoffen E, Michelsen A, et al. Cow's milk allergy in adults is rare but severe: Both casein and whey proteins are involved. Clin Exp Allergy 2008;38(6):995-1002. PubMed
  51. Viall C, Porcelli K, Teran JC, et al. A double-blind clinical trial comparing the gastrointestinal side effects of two enteral feeding formulas. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1990;14(3):265-9. PubMed
  52. Lollo PC, Amaya-Farfan J, de Carvalho-Silva LB. Physiological and physical effects of different milk protein supplements in elite soccer players. J Hum Kinet 2011;30:49-57. PubMed
  53. Taitz LS, Scholey E. Are babies more satisfied by casein based formulas? Arch Dis Child 1989;64(4):619-21. PubMed
  54. Rajah R, Pettifor JM, Noormohamed M, et al. The effect of feeding four different formulae on stool weights in prolonged dehydrating infantile gastroenteritis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1988;7(2):203-7. DOI
  55. Cooper PA, Rothberg AD, Davies VA, Argent AC. Comparative growth and biochemical response of very low birthweight infants fed own mother's milk, a premature infant formula, or one of two standard formulas. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1985;4(5):786-94. DOI
  56. Gunn TR, Stunzer D. A comparative trial of casein or whey-predominant formulae in healthy infants. N Z Med J 1986;99(813):843-6.
  57. Harrison GG, Graver EJ, Vargas M, et al. Growth and adiposity of term infants fed whey-predominant or casein-predominant formulas or human milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1987;6(5):739-47. DOI
  58. Kashyap S, Okamoto E, Kanaya S, et al. Protein quality in feeding low birth weight infants: a comparison of whey-predominant versus casein-predominant formulas. Pediatrics 1987;79(5):748-55. DOI
  59. Bernbaum JC, Sasanow SR, Churella HR, Daft A. Growth and metabolic response of premature infants fed whey- or casein-dominant formulas after hospital discharge. J Pediatr 1989;115(4):652-6. PubMed
  60. Fok TF, So LY, Lee NN, et al. Late metabolic acidosis and poor weight gain in moderately pre-term babies fed with a casein-predominant formula: a continuing need for caution. Ann Trop Paediatr 1989;9(4):243-7. PubMed
  61. Ormsbee MJ, Saracino PG, Morrissey MC, Donaldson J, Rentería LI, McKune AJ. Pre-sleep protein supplementation after an acute bout of evening resistance exercise does not improve next day performance or recovery in resistance trained men. J Int Soc Sports PubMed

See these in context on the Casein Protein monograph →

Strawberry 18 references
  1. Grattan CE, Harman RR. Contact urticaria to strawberry. Contact Dermatitis 1985;13:191-2. . PubMed
  2. Dutta-Roy, A. K., Crosbie, L., and Gordon, M. J. Effects of tomato extract on human platelet aggregation in vitro. Platelets. 2001;12(4):218-227. PubMed
  3. Van Gelder, J., Deferme, S., Naesens, L., De Clercq, E., van den, Mooter G., Kinget, R., and Augustijns, P. Intestinal absorption enhancement of the ester prodrug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate through modulation of the biochemical barrier by defined este
  4. Deferme, S., Van Gelder, J., and Augustijns, P. Inhibitory effect of fruit extracts on P-glycoprotein-related efflux carriers: an in-vitro screening. J Pharm Pharmacol 2002;54(9):1213-1219.
  5. Naemura, A., Mitani, T., Ijiri, Y., Tamura, Y., Yamashita, T., Okimura, M., and Yamamoto, J. Anti-thrombotic effect of strawberries. Blood Coagul.Fibrinolysis 2005;16(7):501-509. PubMed
  6. Basu A, Betts NM, Nguyen A, Newman ED, Fu D, Lyons TJ. Freeze-dried strawberries lower serum cholesterol and lipid peroxidation in adults with abdominal adiposity and elevated serum lipids. J Nutr. 2014;144(6):830-7. PubMed
  7. Feresin RG, Johnson SA, Pourafshar S, et al. Impact of daily strawberry consumption on blood pressure and arterial stiffness in pre- and stage 1-hypertensive postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct. 2017;8(11):4139-4149. PubMed
  8. Moazen S, Amani R, Homayouni Rad A, Shahbazian H, Ahmadi K, Taha Jalali M. Effects of freeze-dried strawberry supplementation on metabolic biomarkers of atherosclerosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Ann Nutr PubMed
  9. Schell J, Scofield RH, Barrett JR, et al. Strawberries improve pain and inflammation in obese adults with radiographic evidence of knee osteoarthritis. Nutrients. 2017;9(9):949. PubMed
  10. Zunino SJ, Parelman MA, Freytag TL, et al. Effects of dietary strawberry powder on blood lipids and inflammatory markers in obese human subjects. Br J Nutr. 2012;108(5):900-9. PubMed
  11. Amani R, Moazen S, Shahbazian H, Ahmadi K, Jalali MT. Flavonoid-rich beverage effects on lipid profile and blood pressure in diabetic patients. World J Diabetes. 2014;5(6):962-8. PubMed
  12. Cabrera-Freitag P, Bermejo Becerro A, Abreu Ramírez MG, et al. Allergy to strawberry in children from the Mediterranean area: is it really allergy? J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2020;30(4):283-5. PubMed
  13. Hadi A, Askarpour M, Miraghajani M, Symonds ME, Sheikhi A, Ghaedi E. Effects of strawberry supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2019;10(11):6987-98. PubMed
  14. Gao Q, Qin LQ, Arafa A, Eshak ES, Dong JY. Effects of strawberry intervention on cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2020;124(3):241-6. PubMed
  15. Basu A, Izuora K, Hooyman A, Scofield HR, Ebersole JL. Dietary Strawberries Improve Serum Metabolites of Cardiometabolic Risks in Adults with Features of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24(3):2051. PubMed
  16. Huang L, Xiao D, Zhang X, et al. Strawberry Consumption, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, and Vascular Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Adults with Moderate Hypercholesterolemia. J Nutr 2021;151(6):1517-1526. PubMed
  17. Basu A, Izuora K, Betts NM, et al. Dietary Strawberries Improve Cardiometabolic Risks in Adults with Obesity and Elevated Serum LDL Cholesterol in a Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2021;13(5):1421. PubMed
  18. Wilken MR, Lambert MNT, Christensen CB, Jeppesen PB. Effects of Anthocyanin-rich Berries on the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Rev Diabet Stud 2022;18(1):42-57. PubMed

See these in context on the Strawberry monograph →

Beet 14 references
  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  2. Clifford T, Berntzen B, Davison GW, et al. Effects of beetroot juice on recovery of muscle function and performance between bouts of repeated sprint exercise. Nutrients 2016;8. pii: E506. PubMed
  3. Siervo M, Lara J, Ogbonmwan I, Mathers JC. Inorganic nitrate and beetroot juice supplementation reduces blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr 2013;143:818-26. PubMed
  4. Clifford T, Howatson G, West DJ, Stevenson EJ. Beetroot juice is more beneficial than sodium nitrate for attenuating muscle pain after strenuous eccentric-bias exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2017;42(11):1185-1191. PubMed
  5. Clifford T, Bell O, West DJ, Howatson G, Stevenson EJ. The effects of beetroot juice supplementation on indices of muscle damage following eccentric exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016;116(2):353-62. PubMed
  6. Wylie LJ, Kelly J, Bailey SJ, et al. Beetroot juice and exercise: pharmacodynamic and dose-response relationships. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2013;115(3):325-36. PubMed
  7. Garnacho-Casta&ntilde;o MV, Palau-Salv&agrave; G, Cuenca E, et al. Effects of a single dose of beetroot juice on cycling time trial performance at ventilatory thresholds intensity in male triathletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018;15(1):49. PubMed
  8. Rasica L, Porcelli S, Marzorati M, et al. Ergogenic effects of beetroot juice supplementation during severe-intensity exercise in obese adolescents. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2018;315(3):R453-R460. PubMed
  9. Henrohn D, Bj&ouml;rkstrand K, Lundberg JO, et al. Effects of oral supplementation with nitrate-rich beetroot juice in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension-results from BEET-PAH, an exploratory randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crosso
  10. Serra-Payá N, Garnacho-Castaño MV, Sánchez-Nuño S, et al. The relationship between resistance exercise performance and ventilatory efficiency after beetroot juice intake in well-trained athletes. Nutrients 2021;13(4):1094. PubMed
  11. Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
  12. Hemmatinafar M, Zaremoayedi L, Koushkie Jahromi M, et al. Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Female Volleyball Players. Nutrients 2023;15(17):3763. PubMed
  13. Lim SH, Bae S, Lee HS, Han HK, Choi CI. Effect of Betanin, the Major Pigment of Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), on the Activity of Recombinant Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023;16(9):1224. PubMed
  14. Oscherwitz M, Tamayo RM, Heudebert A, Centor R. A Case of Pseudo-Hematochezia from Beet Supplement Ingestion. Am J Med 2023;136(9):e177-e178. PubMed

See these in context on the Beet monograph →

Xanthan Gum 11 references
  1. Sargent EV, Adolph J, Clemmons MK, et al. Evaluation of flu-like symptoms in workers handling xanthan gum powder. Occup Med 1990;32:625-30. PubMed
  2. van der Reijden WA, van der Kwaak, Vissink A, et al. Treatment of xerostomia with polymer-based saliva substitutes in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:57-63.
  3. Osilesi O, Trout DL, Glover EE, et al. Use of xanthan gum in dietary management of diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;42: 597-603. PubMed
  4. Eastwood MA, Brydon WG, Anderson DM. The dietary effects of xanthan gum in man. Food Addit Contam 1987;4:17-26. PubMed
  5. Daly J, Tomlin J, Read NW. The effect of feeding xanthan gum on colonic function in man: correlation with in vitro determinants of bacterial breakdown. Br J Nutr 1993;69: 897-902.
  6. Llamas-Moreno JF, Baiza-Durán LM, Saucedo-Rodríguez LR, Alaníz-De la O JF. Efficacy and safety of chondroitin sulfate/xanthan gum versus polyethylene glycol/propylene glycol/hydroxypropyl guar in patients with dry eye. Clin Ophthalmol 2013;7:995-9. PubMed
  7. Pérez-Balbuena AL, Ochoa-Tabares JC, Belalcazar-Rey S, et al. Efficacy of a fixed combination of 0.09 % xanthan gum/0.1 % chondroitin sulfate preservative free vs polyethylene glycol/propylene glycol in subjects with dry eye disease: a multicenter randomi
  8. Vilardell N, Rofes L, Arreola V, Speyer R, Clavé P. A comparative study between modified starch and xanthan gum thickeners in post-stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia. Dysphagia 2016;31(2):169-79. doi: 10.1007/s00455-015-9672-8. PubMed
  9. Rofes L, Arreola V, Mukherjee R, Swanson J, Clav &eacute; P. The effects of a xanthan gum-based thickener on the swallowing function of patients with dysphagia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014;39(10):1169-79. doi: 10.1111/apt.12696. PubMed
  10. Aerts O, Clinck B, Schramme M, Lambert J. Contact allergy caused by Tinosorb M: let us not forget about xanthan gum. Contact Dermatitis 2015;72(2):121-3. doi: 10.1111/cod.12324.
  11. Beneke CE, Viljoen AM, Hamman JH. Polymeric plant-derived excipients in drug delivery. Molecules. 2009;14(7):2602-20. PubMed

See these in context on the Xanthan Gum monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Keep exploring
Supplement interaction checker › Check any supplement or product against your medications Drug–drug interactions › Check two or more of your medications against each other Browse medications A–Z › Every drug we've checked against herbs & supplements NDC & pricing lookup › Find a drug’s NDCs, packaging and costs Ask a pharmacist › Free, personal answer from our licensed team