Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 3 of 9 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Antarctic Krill Oil Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Purity Labs

Antarctic Krill Oil label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Antarctic Krill Oil against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Antarctic Krill Oil is a dietary supplement by Purity Labs with 9 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for heart and cholesterol support, high triglycerides, joint pain and inflammation.Based on those ingredients, 1,051 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Astaxanthin, Beta-Carotene, Krill Oil. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Antarctic Krill Oil by Purity Labs

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Antarctic Krill Oil by Purity Labs — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Antarctic Krill Oil by Purity Labs

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 9 of its 9 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Purity Labs Antarctic Krill Oil contains 9 ingredients total. The active players are krill oil (the main ingredient, a source of omega-3 fatty acids), astaxanthin (an antioxidant from the krill), beta-carotene (a form of vitamin A), and several omega-fatty acid compounds — eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, total omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and phospholipids.

The softgel itself is made with gelatin, glycerol, and water.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Heart, cholesterol, and joint health support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Hyperlipidemia, Hypertriglyceridemia, Osteoarthritis, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Inflammation — and 2 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Vitamin A is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Osteoarthritis (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Astaxanthin is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Hyperlipidemia, Osteoarthritis.
  • Also on file: Krill Oil is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Hyperlipidemia, Hypertriglyceridemia.

Evidence for krill oil is strongest for dry eye — it's rated possibly effective for that. For aging skin, Alzheimer's disease, cancer prevention, high cholesterol, and cognitive function, the evidence just isn't there yet; we don't have reliable data to rate those claims.

Beta-carotene (vitamin A) is effective for vitamin A deficiency, possibly effective for oral leukoplakia, aging skin, measles, ulcerative colitis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Astaxanthin has insufficient evidence for age-related cognitive decline, age-related macular degeneration, aging skin, Alzheimer's disease, athletic performance, and carpal tunnel syndrome.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Krill Oil Astaxanthin Vitamin A

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Krill oil is generally well tolerated at doses up to 4 grams daily. The most common side effects are bloating, decreased appetite, diarrhea, fishy burps, flatulence, heartburn, nausea, and stomach discomfort — though these tend to be milder with krill oil than with fish oil.

Headache, tiredness, and dizziness have been reported rarely. Avoid krill oil if you have a shellfish allergy; use caution if you have a bleeding disorder.

Astaxanthin is generally well tolerated in studies, though long-term safety data are limited. Most common side effects are abdominal pain, diarrhea, and red-colored stools.

Beta-carotene is generally safe at recommended amounts, but high doses are toxic because it accumulates in your body. There isn't enough safety data for any of these three during pregnancy or breastfeeding — talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using if you're pregnant or nursing.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Krill Oil Astaxanthin Vitamin A

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Vitamin A, Astaxanthin, Krill Oil.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,052 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check before taking if you use retinoids (like isotretinoin), blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel), diabetes medications, tetracycline antibiotics, or drugs processed through your liver's CYP3A4 or CYP2B6 pathways. These are the major and moderate interactions we have data on.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product might help with dry eyes, but evidence for other uses is weak or absent. If you take blood thinners, diabetes medications, retinoids, or certain antibiotics, check with us first.

Pregnant or breastfeeding? Talk to your doctor before starting.

Most people tolerate it well, but stomach upset and fishy burps are common.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 9 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 20, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Antarctic Krill Oil, straight from the product label.

Brand Purity Labs
Barcode (UPC) X000OKDJD7
Net contents 60 Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 20, 2024
DSLD ID 313927
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Antarctic Krill Oil by Purity Labs, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
X000OKDJD7
IngredientAmount% DV
Eicosapentaenoic Acid120 mg, 60 mg--
Docosahexaenoic Acid80 mg, 40 mg--
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids240 mg, 120 mg--
Total Omega-6 Fatty Acids80 mg, 40 mg--
Krill Oil2000 mg, 1000 mg--
Astaxanthin800 mcg, 400 mcg--
Phospholipids400 mg, 200 mg--
Total Omega360 mg, 180 mg--
Beta-Carotene24 IU, 12 IU4%, 2%

Other ingredients: Gelatin, Glycerol, Water

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: As a dietary supplement, adults take two (2) softgels daily with an 8 oz. glass of water, or as directed by a healthcare professional.

Precautions

Warning: Do not exceed recommended dose. Discontinue use and consult your doctor if any adverse reactions occur. Do not use if safety seal is damaged or missing.

If you are pregnant or nursing, under the age of 18, taking any medications, have any known medical conditions, or have an allergy to shellfish, consult a physician before use.

If you are pregnant or nursing, under the age of 18, taking any medications, have any known medical conditions, or have an allergy to shellfish, consult a physician before use. Keep out of reach of children.

If you are pregnant or nursing, under the age of 18, taking any medications, have any known medical conditions, or have an allergy to shellfish, consult a physician before use.

Contains: Crustaceans shellfish (krill)

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Seals/Symbols

Friend Of The Sea MSO Freshness Guaranteed Multi stage oil extraction GMP Certified Facility Manufactured in the USA 365 day money back 100% guaranteed 3rd party verified

Formula

2,000 mg of K REAL Krill Oil 800mcg Astaxanthin & 400mg Phospholipids per serving Rich in EPA, DHA & Omega-3 fatty acids K REAL

Formulation

Certified sustainable & traceable The Antarctic Krill in this product comes from a fishery that has been independently certified to the MSC's standards for a well-managed and sustainable fishery. www.msc.org

No preservatives or artificial colors. Free of trans-fats, sugar, lactose, soy, sodium, and magnesium stearate. Gluten & GMO-free.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

General Statements

We believe in transparency Scan this QR code to see more product details.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Copyright Purity Labs. All Rights Reserved.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Antarctic Krill Oil by Purity Labs label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Antarctic Krill Oil label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Antarctic Krill Oil by Purity Labs

These are the 9 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid

120 mg per serving

Docosahexaenoic Acid

80 mg per serving

Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids

240 mg per serving

Total Omega-6 Fatty Acids

80 mg per serving

Krill Oil

Interacts with
208 drugs
2000 mg per serving

Krill oil is a source of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) bound to phospholipids, which may help absorption. It is most studied for lowering triglyce...

Krill Oil monograph & interactions

Astaxanthin

Interacts with
671 drugs
800 mcg per serving

Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise...

Astaxanthin monograph & interactions

Phospholipids

400 mg per serving

Total Omega

360 mg per serving

Beta-Carotene

Interacts with
387 drugs
24 IU per serving Form: Vitamin A

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplemen...

Beta-Carotene monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin, Glycerol, Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Antarctic Krill Oil by Purity Labs Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Antarctic Krill Oil?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,051Drugs
9 Major 1,042 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Astaxanthin 671
Beta-Carotene 387
Krill Oil 208

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Antarctic Krill Oil interact with 1,051 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 9 ingredients in Antarctic Krill Oil interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Astaxanthin Beta-Carotene Krill Oil

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Antarctic Krill Oil with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Astaxanthin2 drug types · 671 drugs

Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates

Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that astaxanthin induces cytochrome CYP2B6 enzyme activity in human hepatocytes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that astaxanthin induces CYP3A4 enzyme activity in human hepatocytes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Astaxanthin full monograph & interactions

Beta-Carotene4 drug types · 387 drugs

Retinoids

Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Retinoids, which are vitamin A derivatives, could have additive toxic effects when taken with vitamin A supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
The tolerable upper intake level (UL) is the highest level of intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects. Doses of vitamin A above the UL can cause hepatotoxicity, ranging from elevated liver enzymes to liver failure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence C
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, taking tetracycline antibiotics with high doses of vitamin A can increase the risk of pseudotumor cerebri.
Benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) can occur with tetracyclines and with acute or chronic vitamin A toxicity. Case reports suggest that taking tetracyclines and vitamin A concurrently can increase the risk of this condition. Avoid high doses of vitamin A in people taking tetracyclines chronically.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, high doses of vitamin A could increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Vitamin A toxicity is associated with hemorrhage and hypoprothrombinemia, possibly due to vitamin K antagonism. Advise patients taking warfarin to avoid doses of vitamin A above the tolerable upper intake level of 10,000 IU/day for adults.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Beta-Carotene full monograph & interactions

Krill Oil2 drug types · 208 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, krill oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Taking high doses of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil can modestly decrease platelet aggregation. Since krill oil also contains these fatty acids, taking high doses of krill oil might also inhibit platelet aggregation. Theoretically, taking high doses of krill oil with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bleeding. However, the omega-3 content of krill oil is much lower than that of fish oil.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking krill oil with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some research in animals and humans shows that krill oil might lower blood glucose levels. However, a small study shows that taking krill oil does not reduce blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, most of whom were taking antidiabetes drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Krill Oil full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Antarctic Krill Oil, from the product label.

Purity Labs

See all Purity Labs products
Name
Purity Labs
Street Address
3001 Red Hill Building 1 Suite 206
City
Costa Mesa
State
CA
ZipCode
92626
Phone Number
888-600-0522
Web Address
MyPurityLabs.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Antarctic Krill Oil by Purity Labs: Common Questions

Does Antarctic Krill Oil by Purity Labs interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Antarctic Krill Oil has a known interaction with 1,051 medications, including 9 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Antarctic Krill Oil contains 9 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this make me bleed more if I'm on a blood thinner?
Possibly. Krill oil's omega-3 fatty acids can modestly thin the blood further, so there's a theoretical risk of increased bleeding if you're on warfarin or similar drugs. That's a reason to check with us before you add it to your routine.
What's the most common side effect I should expect?
Stomach upset — bloating, nausea, diarrhea, and heartburn are the most common. Fishy burps are also pretty typical. These usually happen with doses up to 4 grams daily, and krill oil side effects tend to be gentler than those from plain fish oil.
Is this safe during pregnancy?
There isn't enough safety data for us to say. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about whether it's right for you right now.
Does it actually work for dry eyes?
The evidence says krill oil is possibly effective for dry eye — so there's some science behind it, but it's not rock-solid yet. Worth trying if your eye doctor approves.
I'm on a diabetes medication. Can I take this?
Krill oil might lower blood glucose levels in theory, which could increase low blood sugar risk. A small study showed it didn't affect glucose in type 2 diabetes patients, but we'd rather you check with us first so we can look at your specific dose and medication.
What's astaxanthin in here for?
It's an antioxidant that comes from the krill. Evidence for what it does for you isn't strong enough yet — aging skin, brain health, and athletic performance are all areas where we just don't have reliable data.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Antarctic Krill Oil is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Antarctic Krill Oil label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Antarctic Krill Oil’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Krill Oil

Interacts with 208 drugs

Krill oil is a source of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) bound to phospholipids, which may help absorption. It is most studied for lowering triglycerides and supporting heart health, but t...

Read the full Krill Oil monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Astaxanthin

Interacts with 671 drugs

Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise benefits. Early human studies are promis...

Read the full Astaxanthin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin A

Interacts with 387 drugs

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplements are mainly useful for correcting a tr...

Read the full Vitamin A monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Antarctic Krill Oil's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 47 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Krill Oil 13 references
  1. Leaf A. On the reanalysis of the GISSI-Prevenzione. Circulation 2002;105:1874-5. PubMed
  2. Connor WE. n-3 Fatty acids from fish and fish oil: panacea or nostrum? Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74;415-6. PubMed
  3. Calder PC. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation and immunity: pouring oil on troubled waters or another fishy tale? Nutr Res 2001;21:309-41. DOI
  4. Bunea R, El Farrah K, Deutsch L. Evaluation of the effects of Neptune Krill Oil on the clinical course of hyperlipidemia. Altern Med Rev 2004;9:420-8.
  5. Sampalis F, Bunea R, Pelland MF, et al. Evaluation of the effects of Neptune Krill Oil on the management of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea. Altern Med Rev 2003;8:171-9.
  6. Harris WS, Miller M, Tighe AP, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk: clinical and mechanistic perspectives. Atherosclerosis 2008;197:12-24. PubMed
  7. Tandy S, Chung RW, Wat E, et al. Dietary krill oil supplementation reduces hepatic steatosis, glycemia, and hypercholesterolemia in high-fat-fed mice. J Agric Food Chem 10-14-2009;57:9339-45. PubMed
  8. Maki, K. C., Reeves, M. S., Farmer, M., Griinari, M., Berge, K., Vik, H., Hubacher, R., and Rains, T. M. Krill oil supplementation increases plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in overweight and obese men and women. Nutr.R PubMed
  9. Albert BB, Derraik JG, Brennan CM, et al. Supplementation with a blend of krill and salmon oil is associated with increased metabolic risk in overweight men. Am J Clin Nutr 2015;102(1):49-57.
  10. Berge K, Musa-Veloso K, Harwood M, Hoem N, Burri L. Krill oil supplementation lowers serum triglycerides without increasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults with borderline high or high triglyceride levels. Nutr Res 2014;34(2):126-33. PubMed
  11. Lobraico JM, DiLello LC, Butler AD, Cordisco ME, Petrini JR, Ahmadi R. Effects of krill oil on endothelial function and other cardiovascular risk factors in participants with type 2 diabetes, a randomized controlled trial. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2015 PubMed
  12. van der Wurff ISM, von Schacky C, Bergeland T, Zeegers MP, Kirschner PA, de Groot RHM. Krill oil supplementation's effect on school grades in typically developing adolescents. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023;191:102553. PubMed
  13. van der Wurff ISM, von Schacky C, Bergeland T, et al. Effect of 1 year krill oil supplementation on cognitive achievement of Dutch adolescents: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 2019;11(6):1230. PubMed

See these in context on the Krill Oil monograph →

Astaxanthin 3 references
  1. Kupcinskas L, Lafolie P, Lignell A, et al. Efficacy of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin in the treatment of functional dyspepsia in patients with or without Helicobacter pylori infection: A prospective, randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled
  2. Kistler, A., Liechti, H., Pichard, L., Wolz, E., Oesterhelt, G., Hayes, A., and Maurel, P. Metabolism and CYP-inducer properties of astaxanthin in man and primary human hepatocytes. Arch.Toxicol. 2002;75(11-12):665-675. PubMed
  3. Choi HD, Youn YK, Shin WG. Positive effects of astaxanthin on lipid profiles and oxidative stress in overweight subjects. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2011;66:363-369. PubMed

See these in context on the Astaxanthin monograph →

Vitamin A 31 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Griffiths JK. The vitamin A paradox. J Pediatr 2000;137:604-7.. PubMed
  3. Hardman JG, Limbird LL, Molinoff PB, eds. Goodman and Gillman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996.
  4. Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
  5. FDA Talk Paper. Vitamin A and birth defects (T95-56). Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. October 6, 1995.
  6. Russell RM. The vitamin A spectrum: from deficiency to toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:878-84. PubMed
  7. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  8. Feskanich D, Singh V, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Vitamin A intake and hip fractures among postmenopausal women. JAMA 2002;287:47-54. PubMed
  9. Melhus H, Michaelsson K, Kindmark A, et al. Excessive dietary intake of vitamin A is associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased risk for hip fracture. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:770-8. PubMed
  10. Michaelsson K, Lithell H, Vessby B, Melhus H. Serum retinol levels and the risk of fracture. N Engl J Med 2003;348:287-94.. PubMed
  11. Botterweck AA, van den Brandt PA, Goldbohm RA. Vitamins, carotenoids, dietary fiber, and the risk of gastric carcinoma: results from a prospective study after 6.3 years of follow-up. Cancer 2000;88:737-48.. DOI
  12. Meyskens FL Jr, Graham V, Chvapil M, et al. A phase I trial of beta-all-trans-retinoic acid delivered via a collagen sponge and a cervical cap for mild or moderate intraepithelial cervical neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst 1983;71:921-5..
  13. Hathcock JN, Hattan DG, Jenkins MY, et al. Evaluation of vitamin A toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:183-202.. PubMed
  14. Walters BN, Gubbay SS. Tetracycline and benign intracranial hypertension: report of five cases. Br Med J 1981;282:19-20.. PubMed
  15. Pearson MG, Littlewood SM, Bowden AN. Tetracycline and benign intracranial hypertension (letter). Br Med J 1981;282:568-9.. PubMed
  16. Azais-Braesco V, Pascal G. Vitamin A in pregnancy: requirements and safety limits. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1325S-33S. PubMed
  17. Smedts HP, de Vries JH, Rakhshandehroo M, et al. High maternal vitamin E intake by diet or supplements is associated with congenital heart defects in the offspring. BJOG 2009;116:416-23. PubMed
  18. Grotto, I., Mimouni, M., Gdalevich, M., and Mimouni, D. Vitamin A supplementation and childhood morbidity from diarrhea and respiratory infections: a meta-analysis. J Pediatr 2003;142(3):297-304. PubMed
  19. Mahalanabis, D., Lahiri, M., Paul, D., Gupta, S., Gupta, A., Wahed, M. A., and Khaled, M. A. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of treatment with zinc or vitamin A in infants and young children with severe acute l
  20. Long, K. Z., Montoya, Y., Hertzmark, E., Santos, J. I., and Rosado, J. L. A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial of the effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on diarrheal disease and respiratory tract infections in children in Mexico City, Mex
  21. Fritz, H., Kennedy, D., Fergusson, D., Fernandes, R., Doucette, S., Cooley, K., Seely, A., Sagar, S., Wong, R., and Seely, D. Vitamin A and retinoid derivatives for lung cancer: a systematic review and meta analysis. PLoS.One. 2011;6(6):e21107. PubMed
  22. Mayo-Wilson, E., Imdad, A., Herzer, K., Yakoob, M. Y., and Bhutta, Z. A. Vitamin A supplements for preventing mortality, illness, and blindness in children aged under 5: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2011;343:d5094. PubMed
  23. Mazumder S, Taneja S, Bhatia K, Yoshida S, Kaur J, Dube B, Toteja GS, Bahl R, Fontaine O, Martines J, Bhandari N; Neovita India Study Group. Efficacy of early neonatal supplementation with vitamin A to reduce mortality in infancy in Haryana, India (Neovit
  24. Baineni R, Gulati R, Delhi CK. Vitamin A toxicity presenting as bone pain. Arch Dis Child. 2017;102(6):556-8. PubMed
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See these in context on the Vitamin A monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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