Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Core Convallaria Blend Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Energetix

Core Convallaria Blend label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Core Convallaria Blend against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Core Convallaria Blend is a dietary supplement by Energetix with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for heart health and circulation, digestive problems (constipation, diarrhea), cholesterol support.Based on those ingredients, 1,291 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Arjuna, Khella, Lily of the Valley. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Core Convallaria Blend by Energetix

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Core Convallaria Blend by Energetix — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Core Convallaria Blend by Energetix

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 5 active ingredients.

Core Convallaria Blend contains five active herbal ingredients. The main ones are arjuna (terminalia), lily-of-the-valley (convallaria — the plant the product is named after), cactus (cereus), khella, and linden.

The liquid also contains ethanol and purified water as inactive ingredients. Lily-of-the-valley is the ingredient that gives this product its name, but it's also the most dangerous one because it holds cardiac glycosides — compounds your heart is very sensitive to.

The other herbs are traditionally used for heart and circulatory support, though the evidence for how well they actually work is not established in the data we hold.

Does it work?

Couldn't assess
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not assessable

The label doesn't state a purpose we can grade — see each ingredient's own graded uses on its monograph instead.

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.

The evidence we have doesn't establish that any of these ingredients work reliably for their intended uses. Arjuna is listed for obesity, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and angina, but all those ratings are insufficient evidence to rate.

Lily-of-the-valley and cactus show insufficient evidence for arrhythmia and heart failure. Khella shows insufficient evidence for psoriasis and vitiligo.

Linden has no effectiveness ratings on file. If you're considering this product for a specific condition, talk to your pharmacist or doctor about what the actual science supports.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Terminalia Lily-of-the-valley Cereus Khella Linden

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Lily-of-the-valley is unsafe to take by mouth without medical supervision — it's poisonous and can cause life-threatening heart problems including abnormal heart rhythms, headache, and visual disturbances. The safety data advises against it during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Arjuna is generally well tolerated short-term in studies, but long-term safety varies widely by product. Cactus, khella, and linden all have limited safety information.

Cactus may cause mouth burning, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Khella can cause nausea, dizziness, constipation, loss of appetite, headache, itching, insomnia, and (in some cases) raised liver enzymes and sun sensitivity.

Linden is generally well tolerated as a tea but has limited human safety data; one case of allergic reaction to linden pollen in tea has been reported.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Terminalia Lily-of-the-valley Cereus Khella Linden

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Lily-of-the-valley, Linden, Cereus, Terminalia, Khella.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,292 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check with your pharmacist or doctor if you take digoxin or any heart medication, corticosteroids, blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs, diabetes medications, any drug your liver metabolizes (nearly all common medications), lithium, or any drug that causes sun sensitivity. No interactions are documented for the inactive ingredients.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no assessable stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product contains lily-of-the-valley, a toxic plant that can cause serious heart problems — this alone makes it risky. The other four ingredients interact with a very large number of medications and affect how your liver clears drugs and how your heart works.

If you take any prescription or over-the-counter medication, do not start this product without checking every single drug against the interaction tool on this page and talking with your pharmacist or doctor.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 25, 2013.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Core Convallaria Blend, straight from the product label.

Brand Energetix
Barcode (UPC) 364578011159
Net contents 2 fl. Oz.; 59.1 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 25, 2013
DSLD ID 22731
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Core Convallaria Blend by Energetix, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
30 Drop(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
30 Drop(s)
UPC/BARCODE
364578011159
IngredientAmount% DV
Arjuna0 NP--
Lily of the Valley0 NP--
Cactus0 NP--
Khella0 NP--
Linden0 NP--

Other ingredients: Ethanol, purified Water

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Gluten-free.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

As a dietary supplement take 30 drops orally (in juice or water, if desired) twice daily, or as directed by your healthcare professional. Shake well.

General Statements

{recycle} Please recycle

- The Spagyric Difference -

CORE BOTANICAL

Made in Canada

LOT D1979 MFD DEC 2010

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Precautions

Tamper-proof. Do not use if safety seal is broken or missing.

Keep out of reach of children.

Storage

Store in cool, dry place out of direct sunlight.

General

r10-09

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Core Convallaria Blend by Energetix label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Core Convallaria Blend label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Core Convallaria Blend by Energetix

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size30 Drop(s) Dosage formLiquid Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Arjuna

Interacts with
933 drugs
0 NP per serving

Terminalia is a group of traditional Ayurvedic tree species (most notably Terminalia arjuna) used for heart, digestive, and general wellness purposes....

Arjuna monograph & interactions

Lily of the Valley

Interacts with
157 drugs
0 NP per serving

Lily-of-the-valley is a poisonous plant that contains powerful heart-affecting compounds called cardiac glycosides, similar to the drug digoxin. While...

Lily of the Valley monograph & interactions

Cactus

Interacts with
10 drugs
0 NP per serving

Cereus (often called night-blooming cereus) is a cactus traditionally used in folk and homeopathic medicine for heart-related complaints like palpitat...

Cactus monograph & interactions

Khella

Interacts with
618 drugs
0 NP per serving

Khella is a Mediterranean herb whose seeds contain compounds like khellin that may relax smooth muscle in the airways and blood vessels. While it has...

Khella monograph & interactions

Linden

Interacts with
1 drug
0 NP per serving

Linden (also called lime flower) is a traditional herbal tea long used to calm nerves, ease cold symptoms, and support restful sleep. Strong human evi...

Linden monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Ethanol, Purified Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Core Convallaria Blend by Energetix Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Core Convallaria Blend?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,291Drugs
26 Major 1,265 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Arjuna 933
Khella 618
Lily of the Valley 157
Cactus 10
Linden 1

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Core Convallaria Blend interact with 1,291 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

5 of the 5 ingredients in Core Convallaria Blend interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Arjuna Khella Lily of the Valley Cactus Linden

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Core Convallaria Blend with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Arjuna7 drug types · 933 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of Terminalia arjuna with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs may increase the risk of bleeding in some patients.
In vitro, Terminalia arjuna bark extract inhibits platelet aggregation, decreases platelet activation, and shows antithrombotic properties.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of Terminalia bellirica or Terminalia chebula with antidiabetes drugs could affect blood sugar control and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal and in vitro research shows that Terminalia bellirica and Terminalia chebula fruit and seed extract have hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Chlorzoxazone (Parafon Forte, Paraflex)

Theoretically, use of Terminalia chebula may increase the risk of adverse effects from chlorzoxazone.
Animal research shows that enteral administration of Terminalia chebula for 15 days prior to administration of chlorzoxazone increases blood levels of chlorzoxazone and decreases chlorzoxazone clearance. It is speculated that Terminalia chebula reduces the metabolism of chlorzoxazone by inhibiting cytochrome P450 2E1.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, use of Terminalia arjuna may increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Terminalia arjuna extract inhibits CYP2C9 enzymes and reduces CYP2C9 substrate metabolism.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, use of Terminalia arjuna may increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP2D6 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Terminalia arjuna extract inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes and reduces CYP2D6 substrate metabolism.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, use of Terminalia arjuna may increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Terminalia arjuna extract inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes and reduces CYP3A4 substrate metabolism.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Omeprazole (Prilosec)

Theoretically, use of Terminalia chebula may increase the risk of adverse effects from omeprazole.
Animal research shows that enteral administration of Terminalia chebula for 15 days prior to administration of omeprazole increases blood levels of omeprazole and decreases omeprazole clearance. It is speculated that Terminalia chebula reduces the metabolism of omeprazole by inhibiting cytochrome P450 2C19.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Arjuna full monograph & interactions

Khella3 drug types · 618 drugs

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, khella might decrease the effectiveness of cardiac glycosides like digoxin. The khella constituent visnadin has negative inotropic effects that might counter the effects of cardiac glycosides.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, khella might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs. Khella can increase liver transaminases. Some drugs that can adversely affect the liver include acetaminophen (Tylenol), amiodarone (Cordarone), carbamazepine (Tegretol), isoniazid (INH), methotrexate (Rheumatrex), methyldopa (Aldomet), and many others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Photosensitizing Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use might result in increased photosensitivity. Khella constituents can cause photosensitivity. Some drugs that cause photosensitivity include amitriptyline (Elavil), quinolones (Ciprofloxacin, others), sulfa drugs (Septra, Bactrim, others), and tetracycline.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Khella full monograph & interactions

Lily of the Valley8 drug types · 157 drugs

Corticosteroids

Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Lily-of-the-valley contains cardiac glycosides. Concomitant, long-term corticosteroid use can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity due to potassium depletion and electrolyte imbalance.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Using lily-of-the-valley with digoxin can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Lily-of-the-valley contains cardiac glycosides. Use of the cardiac glycoside digoxin and lily-of-the-valley concomitantly increases the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.

Likelihood Likely Evidence D
Quinine

Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with quinine can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Quinine may reduce the clearance of oral digoxin. Theoretically, concomitant use of quinine with lily-of-the-valley might reduce the clearance of cardiac glycosides found in lily-of-the-valley and increase the risk of toxicity.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with diuretics can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Lily-of-the-valley contains cardiac glycosides. Concomitant use of potassium depleting diuretics and lily-of-the-valley can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity due to potassium depletion and electrolyte imbalance.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, lily-of-the-valley can increase levels of lithium and increase toxicity.
Lily-of-the-valley is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, lily-of-the-valley might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Macrolide Antibiotics

Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with macrolide antibiotics can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Macrolide antibiotics appear to increase the gastrointestinal absorption of oral digoxin. Theoretically, concomitant use of macrolide antibiotics might increase the absorption of the cardiac glycosides found in lily-of-the-valley.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Stimulant Laxatives

Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with stimulant laxatives can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Lily-of-the-valley contains cardiac glycosides. The overuse of stimulant laxatives can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity with lily-of-the-valley due to potassium depletion.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with tetracycline antibiotics might increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Tetracycline antibiotics appear to increase the gastrointestinal absorption of oral digoxin, a cardiac glycoside. Theoretically, concomitant use of tetracycline antibiotics might increase the absorption of the cardiac glycosides found in lily-of-the-valley.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lily of the Valley full monograph & interactions

Cactus2 drug types · 10 drugs

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Cereus may potentiate the actions of cardiac glycosides and may enhance the effect of other cardiac drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)

Theoretically, excessive doses of cereus may interact with MAOIs, because of the tyramine content.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cactus full monograph & interactions

Linden1 drug type · 1 drug

Lithium

Theoretically, due to its potential diuretic effects, linden might increase the effects and adverse effects of lithium.
Linden is thought to have diuretic properties. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Linden full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Core Convallaria Blend, from the product label.

Energetix

See all Energetix products
Name
Energetix
Street Address
209 W. Deerfield Lane
City
Dahlonega
State
GA
ZipCode
30533
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Core Convallaria Blend by Energetix: Common Questions

Does Core Convallaria Blend by Energetix interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Core Convallaria Blend has a known interaction with 1,291 medications, including 26 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Core Convallaria Blend contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
No. Lily-of-the-valley is rated unsafe and toxic in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Khella is likely unsafe in pregnancy. Arjuna, cactus, and linden don't have enough safety information, so they should be avoided as well. Talk with your doctor before taking any herbal product while pregnant or nursing.
What exactly is lily-of-the-valley, and why is it in here?
Lily-of-the-valley is a plant that contains cardiac glycosides — compounds that affect your heart. It's in this blend because it's traditionally been used for heart and circulatory support, but it's also poisonous and can cause dangerous heart rhythm problems, even in small amounts. The fact that it's the product's namesake doesn't make it safe.
What are cardiac glycosides, and why do they matter?
Cardiac glycosides are plant compounds that affect how your heart beats and contracts. Your heart is very sensitive to them. If the level gets too high — which can happen when you use lily-of-the-valley with certain medications — you can develop heart rhythm problems, nausea, visual disturbances, and life-threatening toxicity.
Will cactus, khella, or linden hurt my heart like lily-of-the-valley does?
Cactus and khella both can interact with digoxin and other heart medications and potentially worsen heart rhythm issues, though not in the same way as lily-of-the-valley. Linden doesn't have known heart interactions, but safety data on it is very limited. All three should be checked against your current medications.
What side effects might I notice if I take this?
With lily-of-the-valley, the most serious are heart rhythm abnormalities, headache, and visual color disturbances. Cactus may cause mouth burning, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Khella can cause nausea, dizziness, constipation, loss of appetite, headache, itching, and sun sensitivity with prolonged or high-dose use. Linden rarely causes an allergic reaction.
Does this product have any fillers or other inactive ingredients I should know about?
It contains ethanol (alcohol) and purified water as inactive ingredients. If you need to avoid alcohol, this product is not suitable for you.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Core Convallaria Blend label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Core Convallaria Blend’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Terminalia

Interacts with 933 drugs

Terminalia is a group of traditional Ayurvedic tree species (most notably Terminalia arjuna) used for heart, digestive, and general wellness purposes. Some small studies suggest possible ben...

Read the full Terminalia monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lily-of-the-valley

Interacts with 157 drugs

Lily-of-the-valley is a poisonous plant that contains powerful heart-affecting compounds called cardiac glycosides, similar to the drug digoxin. While it was used historically for heart cond...

Read the full Lily-of-the-valley monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Cereus

Interacts with 10 drugs

Cereus (often called night-blooming cereus) is a cactus traditionally used in folk and homeopathic medicine for heart-related complaints like palpitations. High-quality human evidence suppor...

Read the full Cereus monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Khella

Interacts with 618 drugs

Khella is a Mediterranean herb whose seeds contain compounds like khellin that may relax smooth muscle in the airways and blood vessels. While it has a long history of traditional use for br...

Read the full Khella monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Linden

Interacts with 1 drug

Linden (also called lime flower) is a traditional herbal tea long used to calm nerves, ease cold symptoms, and support restful sleep. Strong human evidence for these uses is lacking, but the...

Read the full Linden monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Core Convallaria Blend's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 31 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Terminalia 9 references
  1. Sabu, M. C. and Kuttan, R. Anti-diabetic activity of medicinal plants and its relationship with their antioxidant property. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002;81(2):155-160. PubMed
  2. Rao, N. K. and Nammi, S. Antidiabetic and renoprotective effects of the chloroform extract of Terminalia chebula Retz. seeds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. BMC.Complement Altern.Med 2006;6:17. PubMed
  3. Murali, Y. K., Anand, P., Tandon, V., Singh, R., Chandra, R., and Murthy, P. S. Long-term effects of Terminalia chebula Retz. on hyperglycemia and associated hyperlipidemia, tissue glycogen content and in vitro release of insulin in streptozotocin induced
  4. Senthilkumar, G. P. and Subramanian, S. Evaluation of antioxidant potential of Terminalia chebula fruits studies in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharmaceutical Biology (Netherlands) 2007;45:511-518.
  5. Malik N, Dhawan V, Bahl A, Kaul D. Inihbitory effects of Terminalia arjuna on platelet activation in vitro in healthy subjects and patients with coronary artery disease. Platelets. 2009;20(3):183-1190.
  6. Varghese A, Savai J, Pandita N, Gaud RS. In vitro modulatory effects of Terminalia arjuna, arjunic acid, arjunetin, and arjungenin on CYP3A4, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9 enzyme activity in human liver microsomes. Toxicology Reports. 2015(2):806-16. PubMed
  7. Wu G, Dong Z, Dong J, et al. Effects of mongolian medicine Terminalia chebula Retz. on 6 CYP450 enzymes in rats. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2020;13(12):3128-3138.
  8. Das A, Naveen J, Sreerama YN, Gnanesh Kumar BS, Baskaran V. Low-glycemic foods with wheat, barley and herbs (Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellerica and Emblica officinalis) inhibit a-amylase, a-glucosidase and DPP-IV activity in high fat and low dose st
  9. Eltimamy M, Elshamarka M, Aboelsaad M, Sayed M, Moawad H. Effects of alcoholic extract of Terminalia Chebula dried fruit on blood biochemical profile in diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022;21(1):159-170. PubMed

See these in context on the Terminalia monograph →

Lily-of-the-valley 7 references
  1. Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
  2. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  3. Ellenhorn MJ, et al. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnoses and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1997.
  4. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  5. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  6. Burnham TH, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons, Updated Monthly. Facts and Comparisons, St. Louis, MO.
  7. Alexandre J, Foucault A, Coutance G, et al. Digitalis intoxication induced by an acute accidental poisoning by lily of the valley. Circulation 2012 Feb 28;125(8):1053-5. PubMed

See these in context on the Lily-of-the-valley monograph →

Cereus 3 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  3. Fetrow CW, Avila JR. Professional's Handbook of Complementary & Alternative Medicines. 1st ed. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse Corp., 1999.

See these in context on the Cereus monograph →

Khella 10 references
  1. Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
  2. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  3. Abdel-Fattah A, Aboul-Enein MN, Wassel GM, El-Menshawi BS. An approach to the treatment of vitiligo by khellin. Dermatologica 1982;165:136-40. PubMed
  4. Duarte J, Torres AI, Zarzuelo A. Cardiovascular effects of visnagin on rats. Planta Med 2000;66:35-9. PubMed
  5. Abdel-Fattah A, Aboul-Enein MN, Wassel G, El-Menshawi B. Preliminary report on the therapeutic effect of khellin in psoriasis. Dermatologica 1983;167:109-10. PubMed
  6. Ossenkoppele PM, van der Sluis WG, van Vloten WA. [Phototoxic dermatitis following the use of Ammi majus fruit for vitiligo]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1991;135:478-80.
  7. Harvengt C, Desager JP. HDL-cholesterol increase in normolipaemic subjects on khellin: a pilot study. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1983;3:363-6.
  8. Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/.
  9. de Leeuw J, van der BN, Maierhofer G, et al. A case study to evaluate the treatment of vitiligo with khellin encapsulated in L-phenylalanin stabilized phosphatidylcholine liposomes in combination with ultraviolet light therapy. Eur J Dermatol 2003;13(5):
  10. Orecchia G, Perfetti L. Photochemotherapy with topical khellin and sunlight in vitiligo. Dermatology 1992;184(2):120-123. PubMed

See these in context on the Khella monograph →

Linden 2 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.

See these in context on the Linden monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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