Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 2 of 4 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Phyto EFA Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Energetix

Phyto EFA label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Phyto EFA against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Phyto EFA is a dietary supplement by Energetix with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for brain and cognitive health, eye and vision health, fetal and infant development.Based on those ingredients, 375 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Algal Oil. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Phyto EFA by Energetix

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Phyto EFA by Energetix — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Phyto EFA by Energetix

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 3, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 6 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “Omega-3 Fatty Acids” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “Ahiflower seed oil” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (500 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Omega-9 Fatty Acids” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

Phyto EFA contains 6 active ingredients, all essential fatty acids your body needs but can't make on its own. You're getting oleic acid (an omega-9 fat), algal oil (which supplies omega-3s derived from algae instead of fish), and a mix of omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids from sources like ahiflower seed oil.

The product also contains inactive ingredients—tapioca, high oleic sunflower oil, palmitic acid, rosemary extract oil, mixed tocopherols, and ascorbyl palmitate—which help form the softgel and keep it fresh.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Vegan omega-3-6-9 supplement.
  • We looked for evidence on: Age-related cognitive decline, Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Alzheimer disease, Cognitive function, Cognitive impairment, Coronary heart disease (CHD) — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Oleic Acid is rated "Possibly Effective" for Coronary heart disease (CHD) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Oleic Acid is rated "Possibly Effective" for Hypercholesterolemia.
  • Also on file: Algal Oil is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Cognitive function.

The evidence on Phyto EFA's effectiveness is limited. Oleic acid is rated possibly effective for high cholesterol and heart disease, based on research showing that diets rich in this fat (like those heavy in olive oil) improve cholesterol profiles.

Algal oil is possibly effective for preventing preterm labor, but the evidence for other uses—fractures, cystic fibrosis, physical performance, mental sharpness—is either possibly ineffective or insufficient to rate. The data we hold doesn't establish that this particular blend works for any specific health goal.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) Algal Oil

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 1 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Oleic acid and algal oil are generally well tolerated by most healthy adults at typical supplement doses. Oleic acid from foods like olive oil is recognized as safe, though concentrated supplement doses haven't been well studied in pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Algal oil is likely safe in pregnancy under your healthcare provider's guidance—DHA supports fetal development—but talk with your provider before using it while breastfeeding. A small number of patients reported increased hair loss weeks after finishing algal oil, and there's theoretical concern that very high DHA intake might modestly raise LDL cholesterol ('bad' cholesterol) or increase prostate cancer risk, though more research is needed on the latter.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) Algal Oil

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Algal Oil, Oleic Acid.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 375 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Phyto EFA, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take blood pressure medications—algal oil may lower blood pressure further. Also confirm dosing if you're on diabetes medications (both oleic acid and algal oil may change their effect) or blood thinners—algal oil may increase bleeding risk, particularly at higher doses.

No interactions are documented for the other fatty acids in this product that we could check.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Phyto EFA is an omega-3 and omega-9 fatty acid supplement that may help with cholesterol and heart health, though the evidence is preliminary. If you take diabetes medications, blood pressure medications, or blood thinners, you need to check with your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product, since algal oil and oleic acid could affect how these drugs work.

Talk it over with your healthcare provider to see if it fits your situation.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 24, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Phyto EFA, straight from the product label.

Brand Energetix
Barcode (UPC) 364578131758
Net contents 120 Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 24, 2023
DSLD ID 297746
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Phyto EFA by Energetix, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
364578131758
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories10 Calorie(s)--
Gamma-Linolenic Acid22.5 mg--
Omega-3 Fatty Acids0 NP--
Total Fat1 Gram(s)1%
Linoleic Acid45 mg--
Alpha-Linolenic Acid210 mg--
Ahiflower seed oil500 mg--
Omega-9 Fatty Acids0 NP--
Stearidonic Acid85 mg--
Oleic Acid30 mg--
Omega 6 Fatty Acids0 NP--
Algal Oil500 mg--

Other ingredients: Tapioca, high Oleic Sunflower Oil, Palmitic Acid, Rosemary Extract Oil, mixed Tocopherols, Ascorbyl Palmitate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

As a dietary supplement, take 2 softgels once daily or as directed by a healthcare professional.

Precautions

Do not use if neck wrap is broken or missing.

If pregnant or breastfeeding, ask a healthcare professional before use.

Keep out of reach of children.

Storage

Store at room temperature out of direct sunlight.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Ahiflower is a licensed trademark of Technology Crops LLC

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formula

Vegan Omegas 3-6-9 Ahiflower and Algal Oil

General Statements

Questions? Comments? 800.990.7085 www.goenergetix.com

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Phyto EFA by Energetix label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Phyto EFA label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Phyto EFA by Energetix

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Ahiflower seed oil

500 mg per serving

Algal Oil

Interacts with
375 drugs
500 mg per serving Form: Schizochytrium sp.

Algal oil is a plant-based source of the omega-3 fats DHA and (in some products) EPA, making it a popular alternative to fish oil for vegetarians, veg...

Algal Oil monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Tapioca, High Oleic Sunflower Oil, Palmitic Acid, Rosemary Extract Oil, Mixed Tocopherols, Ascorbyl Palmitate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Phyto EFA by Energetix Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Phyto EFA?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
375Drugs
375 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Omega-3 Fatty Acids 375
Algal Oil 375

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Phyto EFA interact with 375 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 4 ingredients in Phyto EFA interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Algal Oil

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Phyto EFA with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids3 drug types · 375 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, DHA may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Although some clinical evidence suggests that DHA might reduce collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation and thromboxane release, most clinical evidence suggests that DHA alone does not affect blood clotting. However, theoretically, when given in combination with EPA as fish oil, concomitant use with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs (including aspirin) might increase risk of bleeding.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antidiabetes drugs might reduce the effects of these medications.
In people with type 2 diabetes, including those taking oral hypoglycemic medications, DHA seems to increase fasting blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Fish oils containing DHA can lower blood pressure and might have additive effects in patients treated with antihypertensives; use with caution.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Omega-3 Fatty Acids full monograph & interactions

Algal Oil3 drug types · 375 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking algal oil with antidiabetes drugs might interfere with the effects of antidiabetes drugs and reduce their effects.
Most algal oil contains docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Clinical research in people with type 2 diabetes, including those taking antidiabetes drugs, shows that taking DHA 4 grams daily for 6 weeks increases fasting blood glucose levels by about 18 mg/dL when compared with taking olive oil.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking algal oil with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Algal oil usually contains docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and/or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). There is evidence that fish oil, which also contains DHA and EPA, can modestly lower blood pressure and might have additive effects in patients treated with antihypertensive drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, algal oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
The risk of interaction is highest for algal oil containing high amounts (> 2 grams daily) of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), or EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). High doses of EPA or oils containing EPA and DHA can reduce platelet aggregation in humans. However, most algal oil contains very little EPA and larger amounts of DHA. While some conflicting evidence exist, most research shows that DHA alone does not affect blood clotting.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Algal Oil full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Phyto EFA, from the product label.

Energetix

See all Energetix products
Name
Energetix Corp.
City
Dahlonega
State
GA
ZipCode
30533
Phone Number
800.990.7085
Web Address
www.goenergetix.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Phyto EFA by Energetix: Common Questions

Does Phyto EFA by Energetix interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Phyto EFA has a known interaction with 375 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Phyto EFA contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take Phyto EFA if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
For pregnancy: oleic acid from foods is fine, but concentrated supplement doses aren't well studied—talk with your doctor. Algal oil is likely safe in pregnancy under medical guidance, as DHA supports your baby's development, but confirm the dose with your provider. For breastfeeding: oleic acid safety data is limited, and while algal oil DHA supports infant development, check with your healthcare provider first before using a supplement.
Does this product actually work for cholesterol or heart health?
Oleic acid—one of the ingredients here—is rated possibly effective for high cholesterol and heart disease based on research showing that diets rich in this fat improve cholesterol. Algal oil may help prevent preterm labor, but evidence for other uses is either weak or insufficient. This product's overall effectiveness for any specific condition hasn't been established in the data we hold.
What side effects might I experience?
Algal oil is generally well tolerated, though a small number of people reported increased hair loss after stopping it, and very high DHA doses may modestly raise LDL cholesterol. Theoretically, algal oil ingredients might cause itching, rash, or warmth in the hands, but this hasn't been well documented. Stop and talk to your pharmacist if you notice anything unusual.
Is this product safe for long-term use?
Oleic acid from foods is recognized as safe, but long-term safety of concentrated supplements isn't well studied. Algal oil is generally well tolerated by healthy adults at typical supplement doses. If you have any ongoing health conditions or take medications, check with your doctor or pharmacist before using it long-term.
What are these fatty acids actually for?
Oleic acid and the omega fatty acids (omega-3, omega-6, omega-9) are essential fats your body needs for cell membranes, brain health, and inflammation control, but can't make itself. Algal oil supplies omega-3s, including DHA, which supports brain and eye health. This product provides a mix of these fats, typically from plant and algal sources rather than fish oil.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Phyto EFA is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Phyto EFA label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Phyto EFA’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha)

Interacts with 375 drugs

DHA is an omega-3 fatty acid found in fatty fish and algae that is a building block for the brain, nervous system, and eyes. It is widely used and generally well tolerated, with the stronges...

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Algal Oil

Interacts with 375 drugs

Algal oil is a plant-based source of the omega-3 fats DHA and (in some products) EPA, making it a popular alternative to fish oil for vegetarians, vegans, and people who dislike fish. There...

Read the full Algal Oil monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Phyto EFA's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 111 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) 49 references
  1. Akedo I, Ishikawa H, Nakamura T, et al. Three cases with familial adenomatous polyposis diagnosed as having malignant lesions in the course of a long-term trial using docosahexanoic acid (DHA)-concentrated fish oil capsules (abstract). Jpn J Clin Oncol PubMed
  2. Prisco D, Paniccia R, Bandinelli B, et al. Effect of medium-term supplementation with a moderate dose of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood pressure in mild hypertensive patients. Thromb Res 1998;1:105-12.
  3. Grimsgaard S, Bonaa KH, Hansen JB, Nordoy A. Highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in humans have similar triacylglycerol-lowering effects but divergent effects on serum fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:649-59.
  4. Toft I, Bonaa KH, Ingebretsen OC, et al. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on glucose homeostasis and blood pressure in essential hypertension. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:911-8.
  5. Sacks FM, Hebert P, Appel LJ, et al. Short report: the effect of fish oil on blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in phase I of the trials of hypertension prevention. J Hypertens 1994;12:209-13.
  6. Vandongen R, Mori TA, Burke V, et al. Effects on blood pressure of omega 3 fats in subjects at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension 1993;22:371-9. PubMed
  7. FDA. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Letter regarding dietary supplement health claim for omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/95s0316/95s-0316-Rpt0272-38-Appendix-D-Reference
  8. Pedersen HS, Mulvad G, Seidelin KN, et al. N-3 fatty acids as a risk factor for haemorrhagic stroke. Lancet 1999;353:812-3. PubMed
  9. Ito Y, Suzuki K, Imai H, et al. Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on atrophic gastritis in a Japanese population. Cancer Lett 2001;163:171-8. PubMed
  10. Kris-Ehterton PM, Harris WS, Appel LJ, et al. Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2002;106:2747-57. PubMed
  11. Woodman RJ, Mori TA, Burke V, et al. Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on glycemic control, blood pressure, and serum lipids in type 2 diabetic patients with treated hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:1007-15.. PubMed
  12. Marangell LB, Martinez JM, Zboyan HA, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in the treatment of major depression. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:996-8.. PubMed
  13. Leng GC, Smith FB, Fowkes FG, et al. Relationship between plasma essential fatty acids and smoking, serum lipids, blood pressure and haemostatic and rheological factors. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994;51:101-8. PubMed
  14. Nelson GJ, Schmidt PS, Bartolini GL, et al. The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition, and blood coagulation in humans. Lipids 1997;32:1129-36. PubMed
  15. Wheaton DH, Hoffman DR, Locke KG, et al. Biological safety assessment of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in a randomized clinical trial for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:1269-78. PubMed
  16. Malcolm CA, McCulloch DL, Montgomery C, et al. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during pregnancy and visual evoked potential development in term infants: a double blind, prospective, randomised trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2003;88: DOI
  17. Sanjurjo P, Ruiz-Sanz JI, Jimeno P, et al. Supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid in the last trimester of pregnancy: maternal-fetal biochemical findings. J Perinat Med 2004;32:132-6.
  18. Montgomery C, Speake BK, Cameron A, et al. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and fetal accretion. Br J Nutr 2003;90:135-45. DOI
  19. Lauritzen L, Hoppe C, Straarup EM, Michaelsen KF. Maternal fish oil supplementation in lactation and growth during the first 2.5 years of life. Pediatr Res 2005;58:235-42. PubMed
  20. Hawkes JS, Bryan DL, Makrides M, et al. A randomized trial of supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid-rich tuna oil and its effects on the human milk cytokines interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:75
  21. Uauy R, Hoffman DR, Mena P, et al. Term infant studies of DHA and ARA supplementation on neurodevelopment: Results of randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr 2003;143:S17-25. PubMed
  22. Decsi, T., Campoy, C., and Koletzko, B. Effect of N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy: the Nuheal trial. Adv.Exp Med Biol 2005;569:109-113. PubMed
  23. Mori, T. A., Bao, D. Q., Burke, V., Puddey, I. B., and Beilin, L. J. Docosahexaenoic acid but not eicosapentaenoic acid lowers ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in humans. Hypertension 1999;34(2):253-260. PubMed
  24. Otto, S. J., van Houwelingen, A. C., and Hornstra, G. The effect of supplementation with docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid derived from single cell oils on plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids of pregnant women in the second trimester. Prostaglandins Le PubMed
  25. Helland, I. B., Saugstad, O. D., Smith, L., Saarem, K., Solvoll, K., Ganes, T., and Drevon, C. A. Similar effects on infants of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids supplementation to pregnant and lactating women. Pediatrics 2001;108(5):E82. PubMed
  26. Nestel, P., Shige, H., Pomeroy, S., Cehun, M., Abbey, M., and Raederstorff, D. The n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid increase systemic arterial compliance in humans. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2002;76(2):326-330. PubMed
  27. Woodman, R. J., Mori, T. A., Burke, V., Puddey, I. B., Barden, A., Watts, G. F., and Beilin, L. J. Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on platelet, fibrinolytic and vascular function in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients PubMed
  28. Jensen, C. L., Voigt, R. G., Prager, T. C., Zou, Y. L., Fraley, J. K., Rozelle, J. C., Turcich, M. R., Llorente, A. M., Anderson, R. E., and Heird, W. C. Effects of maternal docosahexaenoic acid intake on visual function and neurodevelopment in breastfed
  29. Theobald, H. E., Goodall, A. H., Sattar, N., Talbot, D. C., Chowienczyk, P. J., and Sanders, T. A. Low-dose docosahexaenoic acid lowers diastolic blood pressure in middle-aged men and women. J Nutr 2007;137(4):973-978.
  30. Mischoulon D, Best-Popescu C, Laposata M, et al. A double-blind dose-finding pilot study of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for major depressive disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008;18(9):639-645. PubMed
  31. Birch EE, Carlson SE, Hoffman DR, et al. The DIAMOND (DHA Intake And Measurement Of Neural Development) Study: a double-masked, randomized controlled clinical trial of the maturation of infant visual acuity as a function of the dietary level of docosahexa
  32. Carlson SE, Colombo J, Gajewski BJ, Gustafson KM, Mundy D, Yeast J, Georgieff MK, Markley LA, Kerling EH, Shaddy DJ. DHA supplementation and pregnancy outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Apr;97(4):808-15. PubMed
  33. Escamilla-Nuñez MC, Barraza-Villarreal A, Hernández-Cadena L, Navarro-Olivos E, Sly PD, Romieu I. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy and respiratory symptoms in children. Chest. 2014 Aug;146(2):373-82. PubMed
  34. Fu YQ, Zheng JS, Yang B, Li D. Effect of individual omega-3 fatty acids on the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Epidemiol. 2015;25(4):261-74. PubMed
  35. Imhoff-Kunsch B, Stein AD, Villalpando S, Martorell R, Ramakrishnan U. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation from mid-pregnancy to parturition influenced breast milk fatty acid concentrations at 1 month postpartum in Mexican women. J Nutr. 2011 Feb;141(2): PubMed
  36. Judge MP, Cong X, Harel O, Courville AB, Lammi-Keefe CJ. Maternal consumption of a DHA-containing functional food benefits infant sleep patterning: an early neurodevelopmental measure. Early Hum Dev. 2012 Jul;88(7):531-7. PubMed
  37. Mulder KA, King DJ, Innis SM. Omega-3 fatty acid deficiency in infants before birth identified using a randomized trial of maternal DHA supplementation in pregnancy. PLoS One. 2014 Jan 10;9(1):e83764. PubMed
  38. Richardson AJ, Burton JR, Sewell RP, Spreckelsen TF, Montgomery P. Docosahexaenoic acid for reading, cognition and behavior in children aged 7-9 years: a randomized, controlled trial (the DOLAB Study). PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e43909. PubMed
  39. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation 2012;25(4);3-4
  40. FDA announces qualified health claims for omega-3 fatty acids. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/Food/LabelingNutrition/ucm072756.htm. Accessed April 15 2019.
  41. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Section on Breastfeeding. Pediatrics. 2012;129(3):e827-41. PubMed
  42. Zhang Z, Fulgoni VL, Kris-Etherton PM, Mitmesser SH. Dietary Intakes of EPA and DHA Omega-3 Fatty Acids among US Childbearing-Age and Pregnant Women: An Analysis of NHANES 2001-2014. Nutrients. 2018;10(4). PubMed
  43. Montgomery P, Spreckelsen TF, Burton A, Burton JR, Richardson AJ. Docosahexaenoic acid for reading, working memory and behavior in UK children aged 7-9: A randomized controlled trial for replication (the DOLAB II study). PLoS One. 2018;13(2):e0192909. PubMed
  44. Marc I, Piedboeuf B, Lacaze-Masmonteil T, et al. Effect of maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on bronchopulmonary dysplasia-free survival in breastfed preterm infants: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020;324(2):157-167. PubMed
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See these in context on the Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) monograph →

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See these in context on the Algal Oil monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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