Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 6 of 7 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Creatine X3 Fruit Punch Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Six Star

Creatine X3 Fruit Punch label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Creatine X3 Fruit Punch against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Creatine X3 Fruit Punch is a dietary supplement by Six Star with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 435 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sodium, Taurine. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Creatine X3 Fruit Punch by Six Star

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Creatine X3 Fruit Punch by Six Star — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Creatine X3 Fruit Punch by Six Star

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 9 active ingredients.
  • “Creatine Synthesis Amino Matrix” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (1,000 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “BCAA-Amino Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (2,500 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Muscle Building Creatine” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

Creatine X3 contains 9 active ingredients, mainly amino acids and creatine compounds designed to support muscle building. The primary ingredient is creatine monohydrate, a compound your muscles use for energy during exercise.

The product also contains a blend of branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine) and other amino acids including glycine, arginine, methionine, and taurine. Sodium is included, though at levels that warrant caution if you're on blood pressure or other medications.

The product also contains several inactive ingredients — fillers and sweeteners like maltodextrin, dextrose, citric acid, artificial flavors, and sucralose — that make up the powder base.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Ultimate muscle and recovery builder.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Muscle breakdown, Muscle strength, Muscular dystrophy, Physical performance — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Creatine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Creatine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Muscle strength.
  • Also on file: Creatine is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Muscle breakdown, Muscular dystrophy, Physical performance, Postoperative recovery.

Creatine monohydrate has the most evidence: it's rated possibly effective for muscle strength, athletic performance, sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss), and cerebral creatine deficiency syndromes. Taurine is possibly effective for hepatitis and congestive heart failure.

Glycine is possibly effective for schizophrenia. Methionine is possibly effective for preventing neural tube birth defects, though the facts don't indicate it's used for that purpose in this product.

L-arginine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and L-valine have no effectiveness ratings on file.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Creatine Glycine L-arginine Methionine Taurine

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 6 of the 6 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 6 of 6.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 6 of 6.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Creatine monohydrate is generally well tolerated in healthy adults but should be used carefully by anyone with kidney disease. Common side effects include water retention, muscle cramps, diarrhea, and dehydration.

Sodium is safe at normal dietary amounts but excess intake is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain — the product cautions to avoid sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice. Glycine is generally well tolerated at typical doses, though long-term safety data are limited; rare side effects include mild sedation, GI upset, and nausea.

L-arginine is often well tolerated short-term but can lower blood pressure and should only be used under medical supervision. Methionine is well tolerated in food amounts; high-dose supplements may cause dizziness, drowsiness, or vomiting.

Taurine is generally well tolerated short-term in healthy adults, with rare reports of constipation, diarrhea, or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Do not use this product during pregnancy or while breastfeeding without medical approval — safety data are insufficient or advise against it for creatine monohydrate.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Creatine Glycine L-arginine Methionine Taurine

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 6 matched ingredients can interact with medications — L-arginine, Taurine, Glycine, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 435 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

If you take blood pressure medications (antihypertensives), ACE inhibitors, or ARBs, check with your pharmacist first — sodium and L-arginine may lower your blood pressure further. Blood thinners (anticoagulants and antiplatelets), diabetes medications, potassium-sparing diuretics, lithium, corticosteroids, clozapine, or any sodium-containing drug also warrant a conversation.

The combination of ingredients here can affect how these medications work in your body.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This is a muscle-building supplement centered on creatine, best suited for healthy adults doing strength training who want to support muscle growth and athletic performance. If you take blood pressure medication, diabetes medication, lithium, blood thinners, clozapine, or potassium-sparing diuretics, check your exact medications with the tool below before starting — the sodium and amino acids here may affect how those drugs work.

Pregnant women and nursing mothers should avoid it. Talk to your pharmacist or doctor before adding this to your routine, especially if you have kidney disease or are on any prescriptions.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 6 of 9 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 20, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Creatine X3 Fruit Punch, straight from the product label.

Brand Six Star
Net contents 2.18 Pound(s); 990 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 20, 2024
DSLD ID 314952
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Creatine X3 Fruit Punch by Six Star, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
33 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
33 Gram(s)
Servings per container
30
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories70 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates18 Gram(s)7%
Sodium65 mg3%
Glycine0 NP--
L-Leucine0 NP--
L-Arginine0 NP--
L-Isoleucine0 NP--
L-Methionine0 NP--
L-Valine0 NP--
Added Sugars6 Gram(s)12%
Total Sugars6 Gram(s)--
Taurine0 NP--
Creatine Monohydrate8000 mg--
Creatine Synthesis Amino Matrix1000 mg--
BCAA-Amino Blend2500 mg--
Muscle Building Creatine0 NP--

Other ingredients: Maltodextrin, Dextrose, Citric Acid, Salt, Calcium Silicate, Dipotassium Phosphate, Natural & Artificial Flavors, Sucralose, Acesulfame Potassium, FD&C Red #40

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Ultimate muscle & recovery builder

4X more lean muscle In a 12-week study on untrained individuals, subjects taking the creatine in Six Star CreatineX3, with a training program, gained over four times more muscle than subjects using a placebo (7.12 vs. 1.30 lbs.). 18.6% more strength In a 10-day study on weight-trained individuals, subjects consuming the same form of creatine found in Six Star CreatineX3, with a training program, increased their strength capacity on the bench press by 18.6% compared to the baseline (6,658 vs. 5,513 joules). Testing was performed using 70% of the subjects' 1-rep max bench press. Supports muscle and performance Accelerate workout recovery Supports protein synthesis

Enhances muscle performance

Formula

Six Star CreatineX3 is the ultimate muscle and recovery builder. Formulated to deliver 8g of muscle-building creatine monohydrate along with a 2.5g blend of taurine and BCAAs to help boost nitrogen levels. This powerful combination will accelerate muscle recovery and help build muscle and strength so you can perform at the highest level.

Includes 3.5g amino acids

8g Creatine monohydrate Fruit Punch Natural and Artificial Flavors per serving

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Product stack Creatine is just one of the ways you can build your game. Add these Six Star products to your routine. Pre-workout explosion Energy boost Ultimate hydration Replenish electrolytes

Stir Shake Simply stir into a glass of water or cover and shake until well mixed. Directions Take 1 serving (1 scoop) immediately after you work out with 8 oz. of cold water. If you are not working out that day, have your serving in the morning when you wake up. As with all creatine products, maintain an adequate state of hydration during use. Read the entire label before use and follow directions provided.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Six Star The Athlete's Choice

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

General Statements

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What's in the bottle?

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Precautions

Processed in a facility that processes milk, wheat, egg, sesame, soy, peanut, tree nut, fish and shellfish ingredients.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Creatine X3 Fruit Punch by Six Star label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Creatine X3 Fruit Punch label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Creatine X3 Fruit Punch by Six Star

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size33 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
65 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Creatine Synthesis Amino Matrix

No known
interactions
1000 mg per serving

Creatine is one of the most studied sports supplements, with solid evidence that it can boost strength and performance during short, high-intensity ac...

Creatine Synthesis Amino Matrix monograph & interactions

BCAA-Amino Blend

2500 mg per serving
  • › L-Leucine
  • › L-Isoleucine
  • › L-Valine
  • › Taurine

Muscle Building Creatine

No known
interactions
0 NP per serving

Creatine is one of the most studied sports supplements, with solid evidence that it can boost strength and performance during short, high-intensity ac...

Muscle Building Creatine monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Maltodextrin, Dextrose, Citric Acid, Salt, Calcium Silicate, Dipotassium Phosphate, Natural & Artificial Flavors, Sucralose, Acesulfame Potassium, FD&C Red #40. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Creatine X3 Fruit Punch by Six Star Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Creatine X3 Fruit Punch?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
435Drugs
427 Moderate 8 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205
Taurine 173

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Creatine X3 Fruit Punch interact with 435 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 7 ingredients in Creatine X3 Fruit Punch interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Sodium Taurine

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Creatine X3 Fruit Punch with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions

Taurine2 drug types · 173 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Some clinical evidence suggests that taurine can reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, taurine might reduce excretion and increase plasma levels of lithium.
Taurine is thought to have diuretic properties, which might reduce the excretion of lithium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Taurine full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Creatine X3 Fruit Punch, from the product label.

Six Star

See all Six Star products
Name
Six Star
Web Address
SixStarPro.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Creatine X3 Fruit Punch by Six Star: Common Questions

Does Creatine X3 Fruit Punch by Six Star interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Creatine X3 Fruit Punch has a known interaction with 435 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Creatine X3 Fruit Punch contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this help me build muscle?
Creatine monohydrate, the main ingredient here, is possibly effective for muscle strength and athletic performance — that's the research-backed claim. Whether it works for you depends on your training and diet. It works by helping your muscles use energy during exercise, not by building muscle directly.
Is creatine safe for long-term use?
Creatine monohydrate is generally well tolerated in healthy adults. The most common side effects are water retention, muscle cramps, and diarrhea. If you have kidney disease, talk to your doctor first. Long-term safety data exist, but anyone with existing kidney problems should be cautious.
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
No — creatine monohydrate is rated unsafe during pregnancy, and there isn't enough safety information for nursing mothers, so it's best avoided. If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, talk to your doctor or pharmacist before using any supplement.
What does the sodium in this do?
The sodium helps with electrolyte balance and flavor, but it's a concern if you're on blood pressure medication, lithium, or corticosteroids — it can interfere with how those work. If you're on any of those, check with your pharmacist before starting.
Are there any side effects I should watch for?
Most common are water retention, diarrhea, muscle cramps, and dehydration. A few people report headache, nausea, or insomnia with individual amino acids here, but these are rare and usually mild. If you notice anything unusual, stop and talk to your pharmacist.
What's the difference between this and plain creatine?
This product combines creatine monohydrate with branched-chain and other amino acids — the idea is to support muscle building from multiple angles. Plain creatine just gives you creatine. The added amino acids have less research behind them in this context, so the main benefit likely comes from the creatine itself.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Creatine X3 Fruit Punch label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Creatine X3 Fruit Punch’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Creatine

Creatine is one of the most studied sports supplements, with solid evidence that it can boost strength and performance during short, high-intensity activities like weightlifting and sprintin...

Read the full Creatine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Glycine

Interacts with 1 drug

Glycine is a non-essential amino acid your body makes on its own and that also appears in protein-rich foods. It is most studied for improving sleep quality, where early research is promisin...

Read the full Glycine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

L-arginine

Interacts with 403 drugs

L-arginine is an amino acid that the body uses to make nitric oxide, a substance that helps blood vessels relax and widen. It is popularly used for blood pressure, erectile dysfunction, and...

Read the full L-arginine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Methionine

Methionine is an essential amino acid that your body needs for protein building and many basic chemical reactions. Most people get enough from a normal diet, and supplements are generally no...

Read the full Methionine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Taurine

Interacts with 173 drugs

Taurine is an amino acid your body makes naturally and that you also get from animal foods. It is widely used in energy drinks and sports supplements, and short-term use appears generally sa...

Read the full Taurine monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Creatine X3 Fruit Punch's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 228 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
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Glycine 5 references
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L-arginine 66 references
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Taurine 21 references
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Creatine 86 references
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