Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

ellura Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by ellura

Capsule Category: Non-nutrient/non-botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

ellura is a dietary supplement by ellura with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for urinary tract infection prevention, bladder health, antioxidant support.Based on those ingredients, 712 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Cranberry juice concentrate extract powder. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of ellura by ellura

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 1 active ingredient.
  • “Proanthocyanidins” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (36 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Ellura is a single-ingredient supplement built around cranberry juice concentrate extract powder — a concentrated form of cranberry juice turned into powder. The product also lists proanthocyanidins, which are the active compounds naturally found in cranberries that give them their health benefits.

The capsule itself contains inactive ingredients: mannitol, magnesium stearate, silicon dioxide, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose — these are fillers, binders, and capsule material with no therapeutic role.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: maintain clean urinary tract health.
  • We looked for evidence on: Urinary tract infections (UTIs), Overactive bladder, Urinary odor, Catheter-related infections, Radiation-induced cystitis, Bladder health — and 2 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Cranberry is rated "Possibly Effective" for Urinary tract infections (UTIs) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Cranberry is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Urinary odor, Overactive bladder, Catheter-related infections, Radiation-induced cystitis.

Ellura is backed by evidence that cranberry is possibly effective for urinary tract infections (UTIs) — the most established use for this ingredient. For other conditions the product might be marketed for — age-related cognitive decline, benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate), cancer prevention, fatty liver disease, and chronic fatigue syndrome — the evidence we hold is insufficient to rate, meaning the data either doesn't exist or is too weak or mixed to say whether it works.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Cranberry

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 1 of the 1 matched ingredient.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 1 of 1.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 1 of 1.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Cranberry in food amounts or as a supplement is generally well tolerated, though concentrated supplement doses like those in ellura haven't been studied as thoroughly as whole cranberries. The most common side effects from oral cranberry are diarrhea and stomach discomfort; a small number of people have reported nausea, vomiting, and mild skin irritation.

Very high doses — 3 to 4 liters of juice per day — are more likely to cause stomach upset, but even moderate supplement doses can cause gastrointestinal upset in some people. Cranberry in pregnancy and lactation is rated likely safe based on food use, though concentrated supplement doses haven't been well studied — talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this form is right for you if you're pregnant or breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Cranberry

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 1 of the 1 matched ingredient can interact with medications — Cranberry.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs.
  • For scale: 713 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

If you take warfarin or another blood thinner (anticoagulant), check with your doctor or pharmacist first — cranberry may increase your bleeding risk. Also check before using ellura if you take cholesterol medications that are CYP3A4 substrates (like atorvastatin), blood pressure medications like nifedipine, or NSAIDs like diclofenac.

The interaction data we hold doesn't cover every possible medication, so verify your exact drugs before you start.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Ellura may help prevent urinary tract infections, and it's generally well tolerated for most people. But it interacts with blood thinners, cholesterol medications, blood pressure drugs, and some pain relievers — if you take any of those, check with your doctor or pharmacist before starting.

Stomach upset is common, and concentrated cranberry supplements haven't been studied as much as the food itself.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 21, 2018.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about ellura, straight from the product label.

Brand ellura
Barcode (UPC) 855859003005
Net contents 30 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Sep 21, 2018
DSLD ID 181659
Product type Non-nutrient/non-botanical
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for ellura by ellura, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
UPC/BARCODE
855859003005
IngredientAmount% DV
Proanthocyanidins36 mg--
Cranberry juice concentrate extract powder200 mg--

Other ingredients: Mannitol, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)

Once daily ellura starts working within hours to encourage your body's natural flushing function and to help maintain a clean urinary tract.

ellura and Gikacran are registered trademarks of Pharmatoka S.A.S, France.

Formula

ellura contains 36 mg of proanthocyanidins (PAC), a clinically proven and safe, bioactive ingredient extracted only from the juice concentrate of the American cranberry. (measured by the globally recognized DMAC/A2 method)

36 mg Proanthocyanidins (PAC)

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: To maintain a clean urinary tract: Take 1 capsule daily with water about the same time each day. For additional support when needed, take 2 capsules daily for 2 consecutive days, then return to once daily. With sexual intercourse: Take 2 capsules with water before or immediately after intercourse. Then take 2 capsules the following day.

Once daily

Precautions

Caution: Consult physician before use if you have a red fruit allergy.

Tamper evident: Do not use if aluminum foil is broken.

Keep out of reach of children.

Formulation

Contains no GMOs, artificial preservatives, colors or sweeteners and no corn, dairy, soy, wheat, yeast or gluten.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

General Statements

Helps to maintain a clean urinary tract Starts working within hours to encourage healthy flushing of the urinary tract

Storage

Store at room temperature. (15(0)-30(0)C/59(0)-86(0)F) Avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight and excessive moisture.

General

rev. 4/18

See for yourself

ellura by ellura label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in ellura by ellura

This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Amounts shown are per serving.

Proanthocyanidins

36 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Mannitol, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

ellura by ellura Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against ellura?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
712Drugs
643 Moderate 69 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in ellura with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Cranberry juice concentrate extract powder6 drug types · 712 drugs

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Theoretically, cranberry might increase levels and adverse effects of atorvastatin.
In one case report, a patient taking atorvastatin experienced upper back pain, rhabdomyolysis, and abnormal liver function after drinking cranberry juice 16 ounces daily for 2 weeks. Theoretically, this may have been caused by inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes by cranberry juice, as atorvastatin is a CYP3A4 substrate. Creatinine kinase and liver enzymes normalized within 2 weeks of stopping cranberry juice. Patients taking atorvastatin should avoid large quantities of cranberry juice.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
A case of upper back pain, rhabdomyolysis, and abnormal liver function has been reported for a patient taking atorvastatin, a CYP3A4 substrate, in combination with cranberry juice 16 ounces daily for 2 weeks. Creatinine kinase and liver enzymes normalized within 2 weeks of stopping cranberry juice. Also, animal research suggests that cranberry juice, administered intraduodenally 30 minutes prior to nifedipine, a CYP3A4 substrate, inhibits nifedipine metabolism and increases the area under the concentration-time curve by 1.6-fold compared to control.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Nifedipine (Procardia)

Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of nifedipine.
Animal research suggests that cranberry juice, administered intraduodenally 30 minutes prior to nifedipine treatment, inhibits nifedipine metabolism and increases the area under the concentration-time curve by 1.6-fold compared to control. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of warfarin. However, research is conflicting.
There is contradictory evidence about the effect of cranberry juice on warfarin. Case reports have linked cranberry juice consumption to increases in the international normalized ratio (INR) in patients taking warfarin, resulting in severe spontaneous bleeding and excessive postoperative bleeding. Daily consumption of cranberry sauce for one week has also been linked to an increase in INR in one case report. In a small study in healthy young males, taking a high dose of 3 grams of cranberry juice concentrate capsules, equivalent to 57 grams of fruit daily, for 2 weeks produced a 30% increase in the area under the INR-time curve after a single 25-mg dose of warfarin. However, 3 very small clinical studies in patients stabilized on warfarin reported that cranberry juice 250 mL once or twice daily for 7 days (27% cranberry juice or pure cranberry juice) or 240 mL once daily for 14 days does not significantly increase INR or affect plasma warfarin levels. The reasons for these discrepant findings are unclear. It is possible that the form and dose of cranberry may play a role, as cranberry extracts and juices contain different constituents. Additionally, an in vitro study evaluating 5 different cranberry juices found varying effects, with only a cranberry concentrate, and not diluted cranberry juices, inhibiting CYP2C9. However, this concentrate did not inhibit CYP2C9 activity in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C9 substrates. However, research is conflicting.
There is contradictory evidence about the effect of cranberry on CYP2C9 enzymes. In vitro evidence suggests that flavonoids in cranberry inhibit CYP2C9 enzymes. However, clinical research shows that cranberry juice does not significantly affect the levels, metabolism, or elimination of the CYP2C9 substrates flurbiprofen or diclofenac. Also, in patients stabilized on warfarin, drinking cranberry juice 250 mL daily for 7 days does not significantly increase the anticoagulant activity of warfarin, a CYP2C9 substrate. Additional pharmacokinetic research shows that cranberry juice does not increase peak plasma concentrations or area under the concentration-time curve of warfarin.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Diclofenac (Voltaren, Others)

Theoretically, cranberry might modestly increase the levels and adverse effects of diclofenac.
In vitro evidence suggests that cranberry juice inhibits diclofenac metabolism by human liver microsomes. However, drinking cranberry juice does not seem to affect diclofenac metabolism in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for ellura, from the product label.

ellura

See all ellura products
Name
Trophikos
City
Atlanta
State
GA
Phone Number
1.877.421.7160
Web Address
myellura.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

ellura by ellura: Common Questions

Does ellura by ellura interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, ellura has a known interaction with 712 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
ellura contains a single active ingredient, and that one ingredient can interact with many different medications on its own. We check it against each medication and show the mechanism responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does ellura actually prevent UTIs?
Cranberry is rated possibly effective for UTIs — meaning the evidence supports its use for this purpose, though it's not a guaranteed cure. That said, cranberry supplements are not a substitute for medical treatment if you have an active infection — talk to your doctor about whether ellura fits your prevention plan.
What side effects might I get from ellura?
The most common are diarrhea and stomach discomfort. Some people report nausea, vomiting, or mild skin irritation. High doses are more likely to cause stomach problems, but even moderate supplement doses can upset your digestion.
Is ellura safe to take while I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Cranberry from food is rated likely safe in pregnancy and lactation, but the concentrated supplement form in ellura hasn't been well studied. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
Why does ellura list proanthocyanidins if there's only one ingredient?
Proanthocyanidins are the active compounds naturally present in cranberry — they're what give cranberry its health benefits. The listing tells you what you're actually getting in the capsule, not a separate ingredient added on top.
Can I take ellura with my cholesterol medication?
Cranberry may slow how your body breaks down some cholesterol drugs (like atorvastatin), causing them to build up and potentially cause side effects. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before combining ellura with any cholesterol medication.
Will ellura help with other conditions besides UTIs?
The evidence for age-related cognitive decline, prostate problems, cancer prevention, fatty liver disease, and chronic fatigue is insufficient to rate — meaning we don't have enough reliable data to say whether it works for those purposes.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if ellura is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

ellura label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

ellura's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 33 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Cranberry 33 references
  1. Anon. Possible interaction between warfarin and cranberry juice. Current Problems in Pharmacovigilance 2003;29:8. PubMed
  2. Greenblatt DJ, von Moltke LL, Perloff ES, et al. Interaction of flurbiprofen with cranberry juice, grape juice, tea, and fluconazole: in vitro and clinical studies. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006;79:125-33. PubMed
  3. Hodek P, Trefil P, Stiborova M. Flavonoids-potent and versatile biologically active compounds interacting with cytochromes P450. Chem Biol Interact 2002;139:1-21.. PubMed
  4. Grant P. Warfarin and cranberry juice: An interaction? J Heart Valve Dis 2004;13:25-6.
  5. Suvarna R, Pirmohamed M, Henderson L. Possible interaction between warfarin and cranberry juice. BMJ 2003;327:1454. PubMed
  6. Li Z, Seeram NP, Carpenter CL, et al. Cranberry does not affect prothrombin time in male subjects on warfarin. J Am Diet Assoc 2006;106:2057-61. PubMed
  7. Lilja JJ, Backman JT, Neuvonen PJ. Effects of daily ingestion of cranberry juice on the pharmacokinetics of warfarin, tizanidine, and midazolam - probes of CYP2C9, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. Clin Pharmacol The 2007:81:833-9. PubMed
  8. Wing DA, Rumney PJ, Preslicka CW, Chung JH. Daily cranberry juice for the prevention of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: a randomized, controlled pilot study. J Urol 2008;180:1367-72. PubMed
  9. Mohammed Abdul MI, Jiang X, Williams KM, et al. Pharmacodynamic interaction of warfarin with cranberry but not with garlic in healthy subjects. Br J Pharmacol 2008;154:1691-700. PubMed
  10. McMurdo MET, Argo I, Phillips G, et al. Cranberry or trimethoprim for the prevention of recurrently urinary tract infections? A randomized controlled trial in older women. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009;63:389-95.
  11. Mergenhagen KA, Sherman O. Elevated International Normalized Ratio after concurrent ingestion of cranberry sauce and warfarin. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 2008;65:2113-6. PubMed
  12. Ansell J, McDonough M, Zhao Y, et al. The absence of an interaction between warfarin and cranberry juice: a randomized, double-blind trial. J Clin Pharmacol 2009;49:824-30. PubMed
  13. Haber SL, Cauthon KA, Raney EC. Cranberry and warfarin interaction: a case report and review of the literature. Consult Pharm 2012;27:58-65. PubMed
  14. Hamann GL, Campbell JD, George CM. Warfarin-cranberry juice interaction. Ann Pharmacother 2011;45:e17. PubMed
  15. Roberts D, Flanagan P. Case report: Cranberry juice and warfarin. Home Healthc Nurse 2011;29:92-7.
  16. Garcia-Calatayud, S., Larreina Cordoba, J. J., and Lozano De La Torre MJ. [Severe cranberry juice poisoning]. An.Esp.Pediatr. 2002;56(1):72-73.
  17. Patel, D. A., Gillespie, B., Sobel, J. D., Leaman, D., Nyirjesy, P., Weitz, M. V., and Foxman, B. Risk factors for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in women receiving maintenance antifungal therapy: results of a prospective cohort study. Am J Obstet.Gy PubMed
  18. Isele, H. [Fatal bleeding under warfarin plus cranberry juice. Is it due to salicylic acid?]. MMW.Fortschr.Med 3-11-2004;146(11):13.
  19. Linsenmeyer, T. A., Harrison, B., Oakley, A., Kirshblum, S., Stock, J. A., and Millis, S. R. Evaluation of cranberry supplement for reduction of urinary tract infections in individuals with neurogenic bladders secondary to spinal cord injury. A prospecti
  20. McMurdo, M. E., Bissett, L. Y., Price, R. J., Phillips, G., and Crombie, I. K. Does ingestion of cranberry juice reduce symptomatic urinary tract infections in older people in hospital? A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Age Ageing 2005;34(3):256- PubMed
  21. Sylvan, L. and Justice, N. P. Possible interaction between warfarin and cranberry juice. Am Fam.Physician 9-15-2005;72(6):1000.
  22. Niklasson, A. and Andren, L. [Interaction between Waran and cranberry juice]. Lakartidningen 3-15-2006;103(11):853-854.
  23. Rindone, J. P. and Murphy, T. W. Warfarin-cranberry juice interaction resulting in profound hypoprothrombinemia and bleeding. Am J Ther 2006;13(3):283-284. PubMed
  24. Uesawa, Y. and Mohri, K. Effects of cranberry juice on nifedipine pharmacokinetics in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006;58(8):1067-1072. PubMed
  25. Valentova, K., Stejskal, D., Bednar, P., Vostalova, J., Cihalik, C., Vecerova, R., Koukalova, D., Kolar, M., Reichenbach, R., Sknouril, L., Ulrichova, J., and Simanek, V. Biosafety, antioxidant status, and metabolites in urine after consumption of dried
  26. Royer, D. J., George, J. N., and Terrell, D. R. Thrombocytopenia as an adverse effect of complementary and alternative medicines, herbal remedies, nutritional supplements, foods, and beverages. Eur J Haematol 2010;84(5):421-429. PubMed
  27. Stapleton, A. E., Dziura, J., Hooton, T. M., Cox, M. E., Yarova-Yarovaya, Y., Chen, S., and Gupta, K. Recurrent urinary tract infection and urinary Escherichia coli in women ingesting cranberry juice daily: a randomized controlled trial. Mayo.Clin.Proc. PubMed
  28. Doad GJ, Kabange W. Cranberry juice, atorvastatin and back pain. J Med Assoc Ga 2014;103(1):14.
  29. Griffiths AP, Beddall A, Pegler S. Fatal haemopericardium and gastrointestinal haemorrhage due to possible interaction of cranberry juice with warfarin. J R Soc Promot Health 2008;128(6):324-6. PubMed
  30. Mellen CK, Ford M, Rindone JP. Effect of high-dose cranberry juice on the pharmacodynamics of warfarin in patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2010;70(1):139-42. PubMed
  31. Ushijima K, Tsuruoka S, Tsuda H, Hasegawa G, Obi Y, Kaneda T, Takahashi M, Maekawa T, Sasaki T, Koshimizu TA, Fujimura A. Cranberry juice suppressed the diclofenac metabolism by human liver microsomes, but not in healthy human subjects. Br J Clin Pharmaco PubMed
  32. Ngo N, Brantley SJ, Carrizosa DR, et al. The warfarin-cranberry juice interaction revisited: A systematic in vitro-in vivo evaluation. J Exp Pharmacol. 2010;2010(2):83-91.
  33. Williams G, Stothart CI, Hahn D, Stephens JH, Craig JC, Hodson EM. Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023;11(11):CD001321. PubMed

See these in context on the Cranberry monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Keep exploring