Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

FemVitality Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Vitanica

FemVitality label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking FemVitality against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

FemVitality is a dietary supplement by Vitanica with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for low libido and sexual function, energy and stamina, menopause symptoms.Based on those ingredients, 390 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Fenugreek Seed Extract, Tribulus (Tribulus terrestris) whole plant extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against FemVitality by Vitanica

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with FemVitality by Vitanica — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of FemVitality by Vitanica

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

FemVitality contains three active ingredients. Maca is included for its traditional role in sexual health and energy, though the evidence for most of those uses isn't established yet.

Fenugreek seed extract is used to support sexual function and arousal, and some evidence backs this use. Tribulus (a plant extract) is added for sexual dysfunction, though its effectiveness for that purpose is still being studied.

The capsules also contain inactive ingredients — a cellulose film coating, water, and calcium laurate — that help hold the tablet together.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: libido and sexual function support for women.
  • We looked for evidence on: Antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction, Sexual arousal, Sexual desire, Sexual dysfunction, Female sexual arousal disorder, Hypoactive sexual desire disorder — and 1 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Tribulus is rated "Possibly Effective" for Sexual dysfunction (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Fenugreek is rated "Possibly Effective" for Sexual dysfunction, Sexual arousal.
  • Also on file: Maca is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction, Sexual desire.

Fenugreek seed extract has possibly effective evidence for sexual dysfunction and arousal, as well as for painful periods (dysmenorrhea) and blood sugar control in diabetes. Tribulus also shows possibly effective evidence for sexual dysfunction, though the data for athletic performance suggests it's probably not effective for that goal.

Maca's effectiveness is less established — the evidence for its uses (amenorrhea, anemia, sexual issues, athletic performance, and bone health) is rated insufficient, meaning we don't have enough reliable data to say whether it works or not.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Maca Fenugreek Tribulus

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Fenugreek seed is generally well tolerated in food amounts, but the supplement doses in this product may cause side effects in some people — abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, nausea, and flatulence are the most common. Rare but serious allergic reactions including breathing trouble and shock have been reported.

Maca is generally well tolerated as a food, though uncooked maca may cause stomach pain; long-term supplement safety hasn't been studied. Tribulus appears well tolerated short-term in healthy adults, but quality and long-term safety data are limited.

Rare serious effects with tribulus include liver and kidney injury and seizures. During pregnancy, fenugreek is likely unsafe and maca should be avoided due to insufficient safety data; tribulus may affect hormones and is possibly unsafe.

For breastfeeding, fenugreek is possibly safe (it's often used to boost milk supply, but check with your provider first), while maca and tribulus lack reliable safety information.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Maca Fenugreek Tribulus

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Tribulus, Fenugreek.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 390 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you take FemVitality, check with your pharmacist if you use blood thinners (anticoagulants) or antiplatelet drugs like clopidogrel (Plavix) — fenugreek may increase their effects. Also check if you take diabetes medication, blood pressure drugs, warfarin, theophylline, phenytoin (Dilantin), sildenafil (Viagra), or lithium, as fenugreek or tribulus may interact with these.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

FemVitality is designed for sexual health and menstrual support, and fenugreek does have some evidence backing those uses. If you take any blood thinners, diabetes medication, blood pressure pills, lithium, or certain other drugs, you'll need to check your specific medications against the interaction tool before starting this supplement.

Talk with your pharmacist or doctor — especially if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or on prescription medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jan 24, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about FemVitality, straight from the product label.

Brand Vitanica
Barcode (UPC) 708118023057
Net contents 60 Vegetarian Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jan 24, 2024
DSLD ID 302789
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Women (not pregnant or lactating), Adult Female (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for FemVitality by Vitanica, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
708118023057
IngredientAmount% DV
Maca600 mg--
Fenugreek Seed Extract600 mg--
Tribulus (Tribulus terrestris) whole plant extract420 mg--

Other ingredients: Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, Water, Calcium Laurate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Formulated by Dr. Tori Hudson, a Naturopathic Physician specializing in women's natural health.

Formulated by Dr. Tori Hudson

Formula

This botanical combination highlights the traditional and currently researched herbs for supporting libido and promoting sexual function in women.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Two (2) capsules per day. For best results, take on an on-going basis. May be taken with or without food.

Precautions

Avoid if pregnant or nursing. Consult your physician if on ACE inhibitors, anti-hyperintensive drugs, anti-diabetic drugs and blood thinners.

Tamper resistant: Please do not use if safety seal is broken or missing.

Keep in a cool, dry place out of reach of children.

Formulation

This product contains no: Preservatives, binders, artificial colorings or flavorings, sugars, lactose, salt, wheat, gluten, soybeans, milk derivatives, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, fish or shellfish.

Libido support

FemVitality is suitable for vegetarians and vegans.

Storage

Keep in a cool, dry place out of reach of children.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

FemVitality by Vitanica label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

FemVitality label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in FemVitality by Vitanica

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Maca

No known
interactions
600 mg per serving

Maca is a nutrient-rich Andean root often used for energy, libido, and menopause symptoms. Early studies suggest it may modestly help sexual desire an...

Maca monograph & interactions

Fenugreek Seed Extract

Interacts with
389 drugs
600 mg per serving

Fenugreek is a common kitchen spice that is also taken as a supplement, mainly for blood sugar, cholesterol, and to support breast milk production. So...

Fenugreek Seed Extract monograph & interactions

Tribulus (Tribulus terrestris) whole plant extract

Interacts with
259 drugs
420 mg per serving

Tribulus is a plant supplement most often marketed to boost libido, testosterone, and athletic performance, but the human evidence behind these claims...

Tribulus (Tribulus terrestris) whole plant extract monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, Water, Calcium Laurate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

FemVitality by Vitanica Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against FemVitality?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
390Drugs
390 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Fenugreek Seed Extract 389
Tribulus (Tribulus terrestris) whole plant extract 259

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in FemVitality interact with 390 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 3 ingredients in FemVitality interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Fenugreek Seed Extract Tribulus (Tribulus terrestris) whole plant extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in FemVitality with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Fenugreek Seed Extract9 drug types · 389 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, fenugreek might have additive effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Some of the constituents in fenugreek have antiplatelet effects in animal and in vitro research. However, common fenugreek products might not contain sufficient concentrations of these constituents for clinical effects. A clinical study in patients with coronary artery disease or diabetes shows that taking fenugreek seed powder 2.5 grams twice daily for 3 months does not affect platelet aggregation, fibrinolytic activity, or fibrinogen levels .

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, fenugreek seed might have additive hypoglycemic effects when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Clinical research shows that fenugreek seed can reduce fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial glucose levels in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Theoretically, fenugreek seed might alter the clinical effects of clopidogrel by inhibiting its conversion to the active form.
Animal research shows that fenugreek seed 200 mg/kg daily for 14 days increases the maximum serum concentration of clopidogrel by 21%. It is unclear how this affects the pharmacokinetics of the active metabolite of clopidogrel; however, this study found that concomitant use of fenugreek seed and clopidogrel prolonged bleeding time by an additional 11%.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Metoprolol (Toprol)

Theoretically, fenugreek seed might have additive hypotensive effects when used with metoprolol.
Animal research shows that fenugreek seed 300 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks decreases systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 9% and 11%, respectively, when administered alone, and by 15% and 22%, respectively, when given with metoprolol 10 mg/kg.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Theoretically, fenugreek might decrease plasma levels of phenytoin.
Animal research shows that taking fenugreek seeds for 1 week decreases maximum concentrations and the area under the curve of a single dose of phenytoin by 44% and 72%, respectively. This seems to be related to increased clearance. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sildenafil (Viagra)

Theoretically, concurrent use of sildenafil and fenugreek might reduce levels and therapeutic effects of sildenafil.
Animal research shows that taking fenugreek seeds for 1 week reduces maximum concentrations and the area under the curve of a single dose of sildenafil by 27% and 48%, respectively. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Theophylline

Theoretically, fenugreek may reduce the levels and clinical effects of theophylline.
Animal research shows that fenugreek 50 grams daily for 7 days reduces the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of theophylline by 28% and the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) by 22%.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, fenugreek might have additive effects with warfarin and increase the international normalized ratio (INR).
Some fenugreek constituents have antiplatelet effects, although these might not be present in concentrations that are clinically significant. In one case report, a patient taking warfarin experienced an increased INR when starting to take fenugreek in combination with boldo.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Fenugreek may also have an additive effect on blood pressure-lowering medications. Studies on animals have shown that fenugreek seed can decrease both systolic and diastolic blood pressure by up to 22% when combined with metoprolol. Therefore, it is essential to monitor your blood pressure regularly if you are taking fenugreek and metoprolol together or any other antihypertensive drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence C
Fenugreek Seed Extract full monograph & interactions

Tribulus (Tribulus terrestris) whole plant extract3 drug types · 259 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Taking tribulus with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research shows that Tribulus can lower blood glucose levels in adults with type 2 diabetes who are taking antidiabetes medications.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking tribulus with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Animal research shows that tribulus can lower blood pressure by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Tribulus has also demonstrated hypotensive effects in pre-hypertensive adults.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, tribulus might increase the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
Tribulus is thought to have diuretic properties. Due to these potential diuretic effects, tribulus might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Tribulus (Tribulus terrestris) whole plant extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for FemVitality, from the product label.

Vitanica

See all Vitanica products
Name
Vitanica
Street Address
12401 SW Leveton Dr.
City
Tualatin
State
OR
ZipCode
97062
Web Address
www.vitanica.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

FemVitality by Vitanica: Common Questions

Does FemVitality by Vitanica interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, FemVitality has a known interaction with 390 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
FemVitality contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or nursing?
Fenugreek is likely unsafe in supplement amounts during pregnancy. Maca should be avoided because there isn't enough safety data. Tribulus may affect hormones and isn't established as safe. If you're breastfeeding, fenugreek is possibly safe — it's often used to boost milk supply — but talk with your provider first. Maca and tribulus don't have reliable safety information for breastfeeding either. This is really a conversation for your doctor or midwife.
What are the most common side effects?
From fenugreek, the most likely are abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, nausea, and gas. Uncooked maca may cause stomach pain. Tribulus seems well tolerated, though gastrointestinal complaints like nausea, cramping, or diarrhea can occur — though one study found these rates were similar to placebo. Serious allergic reactions are rare but possible with fenugreek.
Does this actually work for sexual dysfunction?
Fenugreek seed extract has possibly effective evidence for sexual dysfunction and arousal, which is the strongest evidence in this formula. Tribulus also shows possibly effective evidence for sexual dysfunction. Maca's evidence for sexual issues isn't established yet. 'Possibly effective' means there's some research backing it, but more studies would strengthen the proof.
What is Tribulus used for in this product?
Tribulus (Tribulus terrestris) is included for sexual dysfunction and arousal — the same purpose as the fenugreek. The evidence suggests it's possibly effective for that use, though the data aren't as robust as we'd like.
Can I take this with my diabetes or blood pressure medication?
Both fenugreek and tribulus have documented interactions with diabetes and blood pressure drugs. Fenugreek may lower blood sugar further, and tribulus may add to blood pressure-lowering effects. You need to check your exact medications with the interaction tool on this page and talk with your pharmacist before starting.
Why does this product have so many interactions?
Fenugreek seed extract is the main culprit — it interacts with anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, diabetes medications, several other drugs, and theophylline. Tribulus adds interactions with blood pressure and diabetes drugs plus lithium. When a supplement ingredient affects multiple drug pathways, the total interaction count grows quickly, even though the product itself is straightforward.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

FemVitality label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind FemVitality’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Maca

Maca is a nutrient-rich Andean root often used for energy, libido, and menopause symptoms. Early studies suggest it may modestly help sexual desire and some menopause symptoms, but the evide...

Read the full Maca monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Fenugreek

Interacts with 389 drugs

Fenugreek is a common kitchen spice that is also taken as a supplement, mainly for blood sugar, cholesterol, and to support breast milk production. Some early research is encouraging for blo...

Read the full Fenugreek monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Tribulus

Interacts with 259 drugs

Tribulus is a plant supplement most often marketed to boost libido, testosterone, and athletic performance, but the human evidence behind these claims is weak and inconsistent. It is general...

Read the full Tribulus monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

FemVitality's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 41 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Maca 1 reference
  1. Valerio, L. G., Jr. and Gonzales, G. F. Toxicological aspects of the South American herbs cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa) and Maca (Lepidium meyenii) : a critical synopsis. Toxicol.Rev 2005;24(1):11-35. PubMed

See these in context on the Maca monograph →

Fenugreek 30 references
  1. Madar Z, Thorne R. Dietary fiber. Prog Food Nutr Sci 1987;11:153-74.
  2. Sharma RD, Raghuram TC, Rao NS. Effect of fenugreek seeds on blood glucose and serum lipids in type I diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 1990;44:301-6.
  3. Patil SP, Niphadkar PV, Bapat MM. Allergy to fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum). Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1997;78:297-300. PubMed
  4. Lambert J, Cormier J. Potential interaction between warfarin and boldo-fenugreek. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:509-12. PubMed
  5. Bordia A, Verma SK, Srivastava KC. Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) on blood lipids, blood sugar and platelet aggregation in patients with coronary artery disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty PubMed
  6. Yalcin SS, Tekinalp G, Ozalp I. Peculiar odor of traditional food and maple syrup urine disease. Pediatr Int 1999;41:108-9. PubMed
  7. Sewell AC, Mosandl A, Bohles H. False diagnosis of maple syrup urine disease owing to ingestion of herbal tea. N Engl J Med 1999;341:769.. PubMed
  8. Abdo MS, al-Kafawi AA. Experimental studies on the effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (abstract). Planta Med 1969;17:14-8.
  9. Gupta A, Gupta R, Lal B. Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds on glycaemic control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double blind placebo controlled study. J Assoc Physicians India 2001;49:1057-61.
  10. Gabay MP. Galactogogues: medications that induce lactation. J Hum Lact 2002;18:274-9. PubMed
  11. Chevassus H, Gaillard JB, Farret A, et al. A fenugreek seed extract selectively reduces spontaneous fat intake in overweight subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010;66(5):449-55. PubMed
  12. Turkyilmaz C, Onal E, Hirfanoglu IM, et al. The effect of galactagogue herbal tea on breast milk production and short-term catch-up of birth weight in the first week of life. J Altern Complement Med 2011;17(2):139-42. PubMed
  13. Swafford S, Berens P. Effect of fenugreek on breast milk volume. Abstract presented at: 5th International Meeting of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine; September 11-13,2000, Tucson, Arizona.
  14. Abdel-Barry, J. A., Abdel-Hassan, I. A., Jawad, A. M., and al Hakiem, M. H. Hypoglycaemic effect of aqueous extract of the leaves of Trigonella foenum-graecum in healthy volunteers. East Mediterr.Health J 2000;6(1):83-88. DOI
  15. Parvizpur, A., Ahmadiani, A., and Kamalinejad, M. Probable role of spinal purinoceptors in the analgesic effect of Trigonella foenum (TFG) leaves extract. J Ethnopharmacol 3-8-2006;104(1-2):108-112. PubMed
  16. Mora, A., Herrrera, A., Lopez, C., Dahbi, G., Mamani, R., Pita, J. M., Alonso, M. P., Llovo, J., Bernardez, M. I., Blanco, J. E., Blanco, M., and Blanco, J. Characteristics of the Shiga-toxin-producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli O104:H4 German ou
  17. Blanco, J. [Stx2a-producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli O104:H4-ST678. Microbiological diagnostic already, for this and other STEC/VTEC serotypes!]. Enferm.Infecc.Microbiol.Clin. 2012;30(2):84-89.
  18. Beutin, L. and Martin, A. Outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O104:H4 infection in Germany causes a paradigm shift with regard to human pathogenicity of STEC strains. J Food Prot. 2012;75(2):408-418. PubMed
  19. King LA, Nogareda F, Weill FX, Mariani-Kurkdjian P, Loukiadis E, Gault G, Jourdan-DaSilva N, Bingen E, Macé M, Thevenot D, Ong N, Castor C, Noël H, Van Cauteren D, Charron M, Vaillant V, Aldabe B, Goulet V, Delmas G, Couturier E, Le Strat Y, Combe C, Delm
  20. Reeder C, Legrand A, O'Connor-Von SK. The Effect of Fenugreek on Milk Production and Prolactin Levels in Mothers of Preterm Infants. Clinical Lactation 2013;4(4):159-165. DOI
  21. Al-Jenoobi FI, Ahad A, Mahrous GM, Al-Mohizea AM, AlKharfy KM, Al-Suwayeh SA. Effects of fenugreek, garden cress, and black seed on theophylline pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. Pharm Biol 2015;53(2):296-300. PubMed
  22. Rao A, Steels E, Inder WJ, Abraham S, Vitetta L. Testofen, a specialised Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract reduces age-related symptoms of androgen decrease, increases testosterone levels and improves sexual function in healthy aging males in a doubl
  23. Steels E, Rao A, Vitetta L. Physiological aspects of male libido enhanced by standardized Trigonella foenum-graecum extract and mineral formulation. Phytother Res. 2011 Sep;25(9):1294-300.
  24. Gong J, Fang K, Dong H, Wang D, Hu M, Lu F. Effect of fenugreek on hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetes and prediabetes: A meta-analysis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Dec 24;194:260-268. PubMed
  25. Ouzir M, El Bairi K, Amzazi S. Toxicological properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum). Food Chem Toxicol. 2016 Oct;96:145-54. PubMed
  26. Khodamoradi K, Khosropanah MH, Ayati Z, et al. The Effects of Fenugreek on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2020;52:102416. PubMed
  27. Alkharfy K, Jan B, Alotaibi K, et al. Clopidogrel-herb Interactions: A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Assessment in a Rat Model. Curr Drug Metab 2021;22(12):969-977. PubMed
  28. Bin Jardan YA, Ahad A, Raish M, Alam MA, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Effects of garden cress, fenugreek and black seed on the pharmacodynamics of metoprolol: an herb-drug interaction study in rats with hypertension. Pharm Biol 2021;59(1):1088-1097. PubMed
  29. Al-Mohizea AM, Ahad A, El-Maghraby GM, et al. Effects of Nigella sativa, Lepidium sativum and Trigonella foenum-graecum on sildenafil disposition in beagle dogs. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2015;40(2):219-24. PubMed
  30. Alkharfy KM, Al-Jenoobi FI, Al-Mohizea AM, et al. Effects of Lepidium sativum, Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum-graceum on phenytoin pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. Phytother Res. 2013;27(12):1800-4.

See these in context on the Fenugreek monograph →

Tribulus 10 references
  1. Sharifi AM, Darabi R, Akbarloo N. Study of antihypertensive mechanism of Tribulus terrestris in 2K1C hypertensive rats: role of tissue ACE activity. Life Sci 2003;73:2963-71. PubMed
  2. Walker D, Bird A, Flora T, O'Sullivan B. Some effects of feeding Tribulus terrestris, Ipomoea lonchophylla and the seed of Abelmoschus ficulneus on fetal development and the outcome of pregnancy in sheep. Reprod Fertil Dev 1992;4:135-44. PubMed
  3. Al-Ali M, Wahbi S, Twaij H, Al-Badr A. Tribulus terrestris: preliminary study of its diuretic and contractile effects and comparison with Zea mays. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;85:257-60. PubMed
  4. Tabakova, P., Dimitrov, M., Ognyanov, K., and et al. Clinical study of Tribestan in females with endocrine sterility. Documentation for Registration (unpublished) 1999.
  5. Akhtari E, Raisi F, Keshavarz M, et al. Tribulus terrestris for treatment of sexual dysfunction in women: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Daru 2014;22:40. PubMed
  6. Ryan M, Lazar I, Nadasdy GM, et al. Acute kidney injury and hyperbilirubinemia in a young male after ingestion of Tribulus terrestris. Clin Nephrol 2015;83(3):177-83. PubMed
  7. Postigo S, Lima SM, Yamada SS, et al. Assessment of the effects of Tribulus terrestris on sexual function of menopausal women. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2016;38(3):140-6. PubMed
  8. Talasaz AH, Abbasi MR, Abkhiz S, Dashti-Khavidaki S. Tribulus terrestris-induced severe nephrotoxicity in a young healthy male. Nephrol Dial Tranplant 2010;25(11):3792-3. PubMed
  9. Samani NB, Jokar A, Soveid M, Heydari M, Mosavat SH. Efficacy of the hydroalcoholic extract of Tribulus terrestris on the serum glucose and lipid profile of women with diabetes mellitus: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Evid
  10. Siddiqui MA, Itrat M, Mobeen A, Khan MI. Efficacy of khar-i-khasak (Tribulus terrestris Linn.) in prehypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Complement Integr Med. 2021.

See these in context on the Tribulus monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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