Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 1 of 3 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

IntrAbolic Exotic Punch Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Chaotic-Labz

IntrAbolic Exotic Punch label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking IntrAbolic Exotic Punch against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

IntrAbolic Exotic Punch is a dietary supplement by Chaotic-Labz with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 407 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sodium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against IntrAbolic Exotic Punch by Chaotic-Labz

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with IntrAbolic Exotic Punch by Chaotic-Labz — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of IntrAbolic Exotic Punch by Chaotic-Labz

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 13, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “Intrabolic Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (7.60 Gram(s)) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Anabolic Fuel & Recovery Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “Anabolic Muscle Performance Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

IntrAbolic Exotic Punch contains 6 active ingredients. Sodium supports normal cell function and is essential in small amounts.

CarnoSyn (beta-alanine) is included for athletic and physical performance support. Acetyl-L-carnitine supports brain health and energy production.

The product also contains three branched-chain amino acids—L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and L-valine, micro-instantized (meaning finely broken down) for faster absorption. These are grouped into three blend containers: Intrabolic Blend, Anabolic Fuel & Recovery Blend, and Anabolic Muscle Performance Blend.

The inactive ingredients are maltodextrin, natural and artificial flavors, citric acid, malic acid, sucralose, tricalcium phosphate, lecithin, and Sipernat 50 (an anti-caking agent).

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Cystic fibrosis — rated "Likely Effective" (Sodium) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Age-related cognitive decline — rated "Possibly Effective" (Acetyl-l-carnitine) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Alcohol use disorder — rated "Possibly Effective" (Acetyl-l-carnitine) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Alzheimer disease — rated "Possibly Effective" (Acetyl-l-carnitine) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Depression — rated "Possibly Effective" (Acetyl-l-carnitine) (Natural Medicines).

Beta-alanine is possibly effective for athletic performance and physical performance. Acetyl-L-carnitine is possibly effective for age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, alcohol use disorder, diabetic neuropathy, and depression.

Sodium is likely effective for cystic fibrosis and possibly effective for nephrotoxicity from amphotericin B. The evidence for beta-alanine in cognitive decline, COPD, cognitive function, and menopausal symptoms is insufficient.

For acetyl-L-carnitine, the data on effectiveness for other conditions is not established in our records. We hold no effectiveness data for the branched-chain amino acids in this product.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Beta-alanine is generally well tolerated but commonly causes harmless tingling and flushing of the skin, usually starting on the scalp within 20 minutes and lasting about an hour. Acetyl-L-carnitine is generally well tolerated short-term, though long-term safety is not fully established; common side effects include agitation, dry mouth, headache, insomnia, and reduced appetite, and a metabolite can cause a fishy odor in urine, breath, and sweat.

Sodium is essential in small amounts, but excess intake is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and kidney problems. The serious adverse effects with high sodium are rare but include worsened cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and kidney disease.

Population research also links high sodium intake to increased gastric cancer risk.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Acetyl-l-carnitine, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; lithium.
  • For scale: 407 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking IntrAbolic Exotic Punch, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you're on blood pressure medications (antihypertensives), blood thinners (warfarin or acenocoumarol), serotonergic drugs such as antidepressants, lithium, corticosteroids, thyroid hormones, didanosine, sodium phosphates, or tolvaptan. High sodium in this product can reduce blood pressure medication effectiveness and interact with lithium levels and other sodium-sensitive drugs.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

IntrAbolic Exotic Punch may be considered by athletes and people looking to support physical performance and brain health, but it carries moderate interactions with blood pressure medications, blood thinners, lithium, corticosteroids, thyroid hormones, and serotonergic drugs. If you take any prescription medication—especially for blood pressure, mood, blood clotting, or thyroid—talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product.

Be aware that the sodium content could interfere with blood pressure control if you're already sensitive to salt.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 24, 2017.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about IntrAbolic Exotic Punch, straight from the product label.

Brand Chaotic-Labz
Barcode (UPC) 283333506504
Net contents 294 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Mar 24, 2017
DSLD ID 72309
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for IntrAbolic Exotic Punch by Chaotic-Labz, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
9.8 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
9.8 Gram(s)
Servings per container
40
UPC/BARCODE
283333506504
IngredientAmount% DV
Sodium12 mg1%
CarnoSyn0 NP--
Acetyl L Carnitine0 NP--
L-Leucine, Micro-Instantized0 NP--
L-Isoleucine, Micro-Instantized0 NP--
L-Valine, Micro-Instantized0 NP--
Intrabolic Blend7.6 Gram(s)--
Anabolic Fuel & Recovery Blend0 NP--
Anabolic Muscle Performance Blend0 NP--

Other ingredients: Maltodextrin, Natural & Artificial flavors, Citric Acid, Sipernat 50, Malic Acid, Sucralose, Tricalcium Phosphate, Lecithin

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Do work or die

Converts fat into energy Increases fat burning process Reduces lactic acid levels Decreases muscular fatigue Increases lean body mass Increases muscle peak power Increases muscle endurance Improves workout performance Muscle recovery Anabolic intra workout formula

Increases anabolic protein synthesis Increases net nitrogen retention Increases muscle cell performance Increases muscle cell recovery time Increases immediate anabolic activity Increases anaerobic threshold Increases muscular contractions Decreases muscle wasting

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Precautions

Warning: Do not exceed recommended dose listed.

This product is not intended for use by any persons under age 18, who are pregnant or lactating, or have serious medical conditions.

This product is not intended for use by any persons under age 18, who are pregnant or lactating, or have serious medical conditions.

Do not take this product with any product containing caffeine or other ingredients that have a known stimulant effect. All persons should consult a physician before using dietary supplements, as individuals may have different supplemental needs. Consumption of this product that is inconsistent with recommended usage may produce adverse side effects. Discontinue use and contact physician immediately if you experience rapid heartbeat, dizziness, blurred vision or other similar symptoms.

Keep out of reach of children.

Storage

Keep container tightly closed in a cool, dry and dark place.

Seals/Symbols

cGMP Good manufacturing practices Inspected facility

Gluten free

Made in the USA

Formulation

Gluten free

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use For this anabolic, performance enhancing, amino, recovery formula As a dietary supplement consume 1 scoop of Intrabolic during any athletic training or workout to increase anabolic activity, burn fat, improve performance, and support immediate, muscle repair. Optional: Take Intrabolic anytime you need muscle repair and protein is not available.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

IntrAbolic Exotic Punch by Chaotic-Labz label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

IntrAbolic Exotic Punch label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in IntrAbolic Exotic Punch by Chaotic-Labz

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size9.8 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container40 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
12 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Intrabolic Blend

7.6 Gram(s) per serving
  • › Anabolic Fuel & Recovery Blend
  • › Anabolic Muscle Performance Blend

Other (inactive) ingredients: Maltodextrin, Natural & Artificial flavors, Citric Acid, Sipernat 50, Malic Acid, Sucralose, Tricalcium Phosphate, Lecithin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

IntrAbolic Exotic Punch by Chaotic-Labz Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against IntrAbolic Exotic Punch?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
407Drugs
407 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in IntrAbolic Exotic Punch interact with 407 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 3 ingredients in IntrAbolic Exotic Punch interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Sodium

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in IntrAbolic Exotic Punch with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for IntrAbolic Exotic Punch, from the product label.

Chaotic-Labz

See all Chaotic-Labz products
Name
Bloodline Holdings, LLC
Street Address
1206 West Main St.
City
Atkins
State
AR
ZipCode
72823
Phone Number
1-888-315-6764
Web Address
www.chaoticlabz.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

IntrAbolic Exotic Punch by Chaotic-Labz: Common Questions

Does IntrAbolic Exotic Punch by Chaotic-Labz interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, IntrAbolic Exotic Punch has a known interaction with 407 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
IntrAbolic Exotic Punch contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
The safety data for this product in pregnancy is mixed and incomplete. Sodium is likely safe, but beta-alanine and acetyl-L-carnitine do not have enough reliable safety information in pregnancy, so avoiding them is the safer choice unless your doctor advises otherwise. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product while pregnant.
Can I take this while breastfeeding?
Beta-alanine and acetyl-L-carnitine are best avoided while breastfeeding because there is not enough safety information. Sodium data for breastfeeding is incomplete. Discuss this product with your doctor or pharmacist if you're nursing.
What is that tingling feeling I might get from this?
Beta-alanine commonly causes a harmless tingling and flushing sensation (paresthesia), usually starting on the scalp within about 20 minutes of taking a dose and lasting roughly an hour. The intensity depends on the dose—it's very mild at lower doses and tolerable at moderate ones. This is a known side effect, not a sign of harm.
Will this help me build muscle?
The product contains branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine) and acetyl-L-carnitine, which are popular in sports supplements, but we hold no effectiveness data in our records for these ingredients for muscle building. Beta-alanine is possibly effective for physical performance. Talk with a trainer or your doctor about whether this product fits your goals.
Is this safe for daily use?
Beta-alanine is generally well tolerated in healthy adults, though long-term high-dose safety is not fully studied. Acetyl-L-carnitine is generally well tolerated short-term, but long-term safety is not established. The sodium content is a concern if you take blood pressure medications or have salt sensitivity. Before using daily, check with your doctor or pharmacist, especially if you have any health conditions or take medications.
What is CarnoSyn?
CarnoSyn is a branded form of beta-alanine, an amino acid that is possibly effective for athletic and physical performance. It's generally well tolerated, though it commonly causes harmless skin tingling.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

IntrAbolic Exotic Punch label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind IntrAbolic Exotic Punch’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

IntrAbolic Exotic Punch's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 73 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
  32. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
  33. Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
  34. Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
  35. Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
  36. Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
  37. George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
  38. Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed

See these in context on the Sodium monograph →

Beta-alanine 13 references
  1. Harris RC, Tallon MJ, Dunnett M, et al. The absorption of orally supplied beta-alanine and its effect on muscle carnosine synthesis in human vastus lateralis. Amino Acids 2006;30:279-89.
  2. Hill CA, Harris RC, Kim HJ, et al. Influence of beta-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity. Amino Acids 2007;32:225-33.
  3. Bellinger PM, Minahan CL. The effect of ß-alanine supplementation on cycling time trials of different length. Eur J Sport Sci 2016;16(7):829-36.
  4. Chung W, Shaw G, Anderson ME, et al. Effect of 10 week beta-alanine supplementation on competition and training performance in elite swimmers. Nutrients 2012;4(10):1441-53. PubMed
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  9. Décombaz J, Beaumont M, Vuichoud J, Bouisset F, Stellingwerff T. Effect of slow-release ß-alanine tablets on absorption kinetics and paresthesia. Amino Acids 2012;43(1):67-76. Erratum in: Amino Acids 2013;45(4):1015.
  10. Stellingwerff T, Anwander H, Egger A, et al. Effect of two ß-alanine dosing protocols on muscle carnosine synthesis and washout. Amino Acids 2012;42(6):2461-72. PubMed
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See these in context on the Beta-alanine monograph →

Acetyl-l-carnitine 22 references
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See these in context on the Acetyl-l-carnitine monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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