Memory and Focus Brain Support Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Bucklebury
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Memory and Focus Brain Support against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Memory and Focus Brain Support is a dietary supplement by Bucklebury with 14 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for morning sickness in pregnancy, premenstrual syndrome (pms), preventing or treating b6 deficiency.Based on those ingredients, 1,767 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Ginkgo, Bacopa, Niacin. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Memory and Focus Brain Support by Bucklebury
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Partial disclosure
This product contains 14 active ingredients designed to support memory and mental clarity. Vitamin B6, B12, and niacin are B vitamins that support nerve function and energy metabolism.
L-tyrosine is an amino acid that serves as a building block for neurotransmitters. Vitamin C is an antioxidant.
Choline bitartrate and Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC) are compounds that support the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Citicoline sodium salt and the Cognitive Choline Complex provide additional choline-related support.
Taurine is an amino acid with potential neuroprotective effects. Deanol (2-Dimethylaminoethanol) is thought to support acetylcholine levels.
Bacopa, lion's mane mushroom, and ginkgo are herbal extracts traditionally used for cognitive support. CognatiQ is a coffee extract that contains caffeine.
The capsules also contain hypromellose, an inactive ingredient used as a binder.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
The evidence for this product's effectiveness is mixed across its ingredients. Vitamin B6 is effective for B6 deficiency and sideroblastic anemia, and possibly effective for pregnancy-related nausea.
Vitamin B12 is effective for B12 deficiency. Vitamin C is effective for C deficiency and possibly effective for several conditions including anemia and cataracts.
Niacin is likely effective for pellagra and possibly effective for metabolic issues related to HIV. L-tyrosine is effective for phenylketonuria (PKU) and possibly effective for cognitive function and memory.
Choline is possibly safe and choline bitartrate shows insufficient evidence for most uses. CognatiQ (coffee/caffeine) is likely effective for mental alertness and possibly effective for Parkinson disease and heart health.
For most of the herbal ingredients—bacopa, lion's mane mushroom, ginkgo, and others—the evidence is insufficient to establish whether they truly improve memory or cognitive function.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Most ingredients in this product are generally well tolerated at standard doses. However, several carry important cautions.
Vitamin B6 is safe at normal amounts but high doses over time can damage nerves (peripheral neuropathy). Niacin at high doses can cause liver problems, flushing, and gastrointestinal upset.
Vitamin C at high doses may cause kidney stones in susceptible people and gastrointestinal discomfort. L-tyrosine is generally well tolerated but long-term safety data is limited.
CognatiQ (coffee) can cause anxiety, sleep problems, and heart palpitations, especially with higher caffeine intake. Ginkgo may increase bleeding risk.
Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine has been rarely associated with stroke with prolonged use. For pregnancy and breastfeeding, vitamin B6 and B12 are likely safe at recommended amounts, but niacin, vitamin C at high doses, and most herbal ingredients lack sufficient safety data—talk with your doctor before use if you are pregnant or nursing.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Most serious concern: ginkgo may raise blood levels of talinolol (a beta-blocker for blood pressure and heart rhythm). Also watch for interactions with blood thinners like warfarin, blood pressure medications, seizure drugs (phenytoin, phenobarbital), Parkinson's medication (levodopa), thyroid hormones, and diabetes medications.
The coffee extract carries a major interaction with ephedrine—avoid this product if you take ephedrine. Bacopa may affect how your liver processes many medications; ask your pharmacist for a specific check.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This product brings together multiple ingredients with some evidence for memory support, but the evidence is strongest only for B vitamins and caffeine. If you take any blood pressure medications, blood thinners, seizure drugs, diabetes medications, psychiatric medications, or thyroid medications, you need to check your specific drugs with the tool on this page before taking it.
Talk to your pharmacist or doctor first, especially if you're pregnant, nursing, or have liver or bleeding concerns.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 14 of 14 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 25, 2025.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Memory and Focus Brain Support, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Bucklebury |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 860010276419 |
| Net contents | 60 Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Jun 25, 2025 |
| DSLD ID | 331445 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Memory and Focus Brain Support by Bucklebury, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin B6 | 10 mg | 588% |
| L-Tyrosine | 200 mg | -- |
| Vitamin C | 90 mg | 100% |
| Niacin | 20 mg NE | 125% |
| Vitamin B12 | 100 mcg | 4167% |
| Choline Bitartrate | 0 NP | -- |
| Taurine | 200 mg | -- |
| Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine | 0 NP | -- |
| Citicoline Sodium Salt | 0 NP | -- |
| Cognitive Choline Complex | 300 mg | -- |
| CognatiQ | 100 mg | -- |
| 2-Dimethylaminoethanol | 100 mg | -- |
| Bacopa | 100 mg | -- |
| Lion's Mane, Powder | 100 mg | -- |
| Ginkgo | 100 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Hypromellose
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Recommended use: Take two (2) capsules per day or as directed by your healthcare professional.
Precautions
Warning: Intended for use by adults 18 years of age and over. Keep out of reach of children.
Do not use if the seal is broken.
If you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medications or have any medical condition, consult your doctor before use.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place away from heat and moisture
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent disease.
General Statements
The Bucklebury Experience
Brand IP Statement(s)
Bucklebury The Best Wealth is your Health
CognatiQ is a trademark of VDF FutureCeuticals, Inc.
Formula
Lion’s Mane, Bacopa, & Alpha GPC
Also with DMAE, Citicoline, and L-Tyrosine
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Seals/Symbols
Vegan Friendly
Formulation
Vegan Friendly
Gluten free Non GMO
Made in the USA with globally sourced ingredients
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Memory and Focus Brain Support by Bucklebury label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Memory and Focus Brain Support by Bucklebury
These are the 14 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Vitamin B6
Interacts with210 drugs
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that your body needs for metabolism, brain function, and making red blood cells. It is b...
Vitamin B6 monograph & interactionsL-Tyrosine
Interacts with21 drugs
L-tyrosine is an amino acid your body uses to make brain chemicals like dopamine and norepinephrine. Some studies suggest it may help mental performan...
L-Tyrosine monograph & interactionsVitamin C
Interacts with207 drugs
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential nutrient your body needs but cannot make, so you must get it from food or supplements. It's important for im...
Vitamin C monograph & interactionsNiacin
Interacts with727 drugs
Niacin (vitamin B3) is an essential nutrient your body needs for energy and metabolism, and deficiency is uncommon in most developed countries. Prescr...
Niacin monograph & interactionsVitamin B12
Interacts with20 drugs
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential nutrient your body needs to make red blood cells, keep nerves healthy, and support DNA. Supplements are very h...
Vitamin B12 monograph & interactionsTaurine
Interacts with173 drugs
Taurine is an amino acid your body makes naturally and that you also get from animal foods. It is widely used in energy drinks and sports supplements,...
Taurine monograph & interactionsCognitive Choline Complex
CognatiQ
Interacts with591 drugs
Coffee is a widely consumed beverage made from roasted coffee beans, valued mainly for its caffeine, which boosts alertness and energy. For most healt...
CognatiQ monograph & interactions2-Dimethylaminoethanol
Interacts with219 drugs
Deanol (DMAE) is a compound related to choline that is marketed for memory, focus, and mood, but solid human evidence for most of these uses is limite...
2-Dimethylaminoethanol monograph & interactionsBacopa
Interacts with930 drugs
Bacopa is an Ayurvedic herb most often used for memory and thinking. Some small studies suggest it may modestly help memory when taken regularly for s...
Bacopa monograph & interactionsLion's Mane, Powder
Interacts with327 drugs
Lion's mane is an edible mushroom that is popular as a 'nootropic' for memory, focus, and nerve health, but solid human evidence is still limited and...
Lion's Mane, Powder monograph & interactionsGinkgo
Interacts with1,266 drugs
Ginkgo is one of the world's most popular herbal supplements, mostly taken to support memory and circulation. The evidence for these uses is mixed and...
Ginkgo monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Hypromellose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Memory and Focus Brain Support by Bucklebury Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Memory and Focus Brain Support by Bucklebury contains 14 active ingredients, several of which interact with medications.
The most serious interaction we've documented is with ginkgo and talinolol (a blood pressure medication): ginkgo can raise talinolol levels by about 36%, which carries Major severity.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Moderate interactions are the next concern. Vitamin B6 may lower blood pressure additively with antihypertensive drugs, and can reduce the effectiveness of seizure medications like phenytoin and phenobarbital at high doses.
L-tyrosine theoretically competes with levodopa (a Parkinson's medication) and may add effects with thyroid hormones. Vitamin C at high doses might reduce warfarin's blood-thinning action and can increase estrogen levels.
Niacin interacts with blood pressure medications, blood thinners, diabetes drugs, and several others. Ginkgo has moderate interactions with warfarin, certain psychiatric and anti-HIV drugs, and diabetes medications.
Bacopa may affect how your liver processes numerous drug classes. Taurine theoretically adds blood-pressure-lowering effects and can affect lithium levels.
Lion's mane mushroom might increase bleeding risk with anticoagulants and could interfere with diabetes or immunosuppressant medications. CognatiQ (coffee) carries a Major interaction with ephedrine and Moderate interactions with several medications including those for depression and seizures.
We could not check Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine, Citicoline Sodium Salt, Cognitive Choline Complex, or 2-Dimethylaminoethanol for interaction data. Altogether, these interactions span 1,768 individual medications.
Before starting this product, use the medication checker below to verify your exact prescriptions against these ingredients.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
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Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Memory and Focus Brain Support interact with 1,767 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
13 of the 14 ingredients in Memory and Focus Brain Support interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Ginkgo Bacopa Niacin CognatiQ Lion's Mane, Powder 2-Dimethylaminoethanol Vitamin B6 Vitamin C Taurine L-Tyrosine Vitamin B12 Choline Bitartrate Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine
Aclidinium BromideTudorza Pressair
How Aclidinium Bromide interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BacopaAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use might decrease the effectiveness of both agents.
Read the full Bacopa + Aclidinium Bromide interaction2-dimethylaminoethanolAnticholinergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, deanol might decrease the effectiveness of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full 2-dimethylaminoethanol + Aclidinium Bromide interactionAclidinium Bromide, Formoterol Fumarate DihydrateDuaklir Pressair
How Aclidinium Bromide, Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BacopaAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use might decrease the effectiveness of both agents.
Read the full Bacopa + Aclidinium Bromide, Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate interaction2-dimethylaminoethanolAnticholinergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, deanol might decrease the effectiveness of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full 2-dimethylaminoethanol + Aclidinium Bromide, Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate interactionAcrivastine, PseudoephedrineSemprex D
How Acrivastine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CognatiqStimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Cognatiq + Acrivastine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcyclovirAvaclyr, Sitavig, Zovirax, Zovirax Injection
How Acyclovir interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GinkgoSeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with drugs that lower the seizure threshold might increase the risk for convulsions.
Read the full Ginkgo + Acyclovir interactionAdagrasibKrazati
How Adagrasib interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GinkgoCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo + Adagrasib interactionBacopaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bacopa + Adagrasib interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Adagrasib interactionAdalimumabHumira
How Adalimumab interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lion's Mane, PowderImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of lion's mane mushroom might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Lion's Mane, Powder + Adalimumab interactionAdalimumab-adazHyrimoz
How Adalimumab-adaz interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lion's Mane, PowderImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of lion's mane mushroom might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Lion's Mane, Powder + Adalimumab-adaz interactionAdalimumab-adbmCyltezo
How Adalimumab-adbm interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lion's Mane, PowderImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of lion's mane mushroom might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Lion's Mane, Powder + Adalimumab-adbm interactionAdalimumab-afzbAbrilada
How Adalimumab-afzb interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lion's Mane, PowderImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of lion's mane mushroom might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Lion's Mane, Powder + Adalimumab-afzb interactionAdalimumab-attoAmjevita
How Adalimumab-atto interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lion's Mane, PowderImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of lion's mane mushroom might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Lion's Mane, Powder + Adalimumab-atto interactionAdalimumab-bwwdHadlima
How Adalimumab-bwwd interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lion's Mane, PowderImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of lion's mane mushroom might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Lion's Mane, Powder + Adalimumab-bwwd interactionAdalimumab-fkjpHulio
How Adalimumab-fkjp interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lion's Mane, PowderImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of lion's mane mushroom might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Lion's Mane, Powder + Adalimumab-fkjp interactionAdenosineATP Tablets
How Adenosine interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CognatiqAdenosine (adenocard) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coffee might decrease the vasodilatory effects of adenosine and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Read the full Cognatiq + Adenosine interactionAdenosine (prescription Drug)Adenocard, Adenocor, Adenoscan
How Adenosine (prescription Drug) interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CognatiqAdenosine (adenocard) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coffee might decrease the vasodilatory effects of adenosine and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Read the full Cognatiq + Adenosine (prescription Drug) interactionAdenosine Phosphate (prescription Drug)Adenosine Phosphate
How Adenosine Phosphate (prescription Drug) interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CognatiqAdenosine (adenocard) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coffee might decrease the vasodilatory effects of adenosine and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Read the full Cognatiq + Adenosine Phosphate (prescription Drug) interactionAerosphere Budesonide, Formoterol Fumarate, GlycopyrrolateBreztri
How Aerosphere Budesonide, Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BacopaCytochrome P450 2c19 (cyp2c19) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C19 substrates.
Read the full Bacopa + Aerosphere Budesonide, Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate interactionGinkgoCytochrome P450 2c19 (cyp2c19) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Read the full Ginkgo + Aerosphere Budesonide, Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate interaction2-dimethylaminoethanolAnticholinergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, deanol might decrease the effectiveness of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full 2-dimethylaminoethanol + Aerosphere Budesonide, Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate interactionAfatinib DimaleateGilotrif
How Afatinib Dimaleate interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GinkgoP-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with P-glycoprotein substrates might increase the levels and adverse effects of these substrates.
Read the full Ginkgo + Afatinib Dimaleate interactionAgomelatineValdoxan
How Agomelatine interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GinkgoCytochrome P450 2c19 (cyp2c19) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Read the full Ginkgo + Agomelatine interactionBacopaCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
Read the full Bacopa + Agomelatine interactionAlbiglutideTanzeum
How Albiglutide interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GinkgoAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with antidiabetes drugs might alter the response to antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Ginkgo + Albiglutide interactionLion's Mane, PowderAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, lion's mane mushroom may have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Lion's Mane, Powder + Albiglutide interactionNiacinAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Niacin can increase blood glucose levels and may diminish the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Niacin + Albiglutide interactionCognatiqAntidiabetes Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of coffee and antidiabetes drugs might interfere with blood glucose control.
Read the full Cognatiq + Albiglutide interactionAlbuterolProAir HFA, Proventil, Ventolin (U.S.), Volmax
How Albuterol interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CognatiqBeta-adrenergic Agonists Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of coffee might increase cardiac inotropic effects of beta-agonists.
Read the full Cognatiq + Albuterol interactionAlbuterol SulfateProair Respiclick
How Albuterol Sulfate interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CognatiqBeta-adrenergic Agonists Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of coffee might increase cardiac inotropic effects of beta-agonists.
Read the full Cognatiq + Albuterol Sulfate interactionAldesleukinProleukin
How Aldesleukin interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Aldesleukin interactionAlectinib HydrochlorideAlecensa
How Alectinib Hydrochloride interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Alectinib Hydrochloride interactionAlefaceptAmevive
How Alefacept interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lion's Mane, PowderImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of lion's mane mushroom might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Lion's Mane, Powder + Alefacept interactionAlemtuzumabCampath
How Alemtuzumab interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lion's Mane, PowderImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of lion's mane mushroom might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Lion's Mane, Powder + Alemtuzumab interactionAlendronateBinosto, Fosamax
How Alendronate interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CognatiqAlendronate (fosamax) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Coffee reduces alendronate bioavailability.
Read the full Cognatiq + Alendronate interactionAlendronate Sodium
How Alendronate Sodium interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CognatiqAlendronate (fosamax) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Coffee reduces alendronate bioavailability.
Read the full Cognatiq + Alendronate Sodium interactionAlendronate Sodium, CholecalciferolFosamax Plus D
How Alendronate Sodium, Cholecalciferol interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CognatiqAlendronate (fosamax) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Coffee reduces alendronate bioavailability.
Read the full Cognatiq + Alendronate Sodium, Cholecalciferol interactionAlfentanilAlfenta
How Alfentanil interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BacopaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bacopa + Alfentanil interactionGinkgoSeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with drugs that lower the seizure threshold might increase the risk for convulsions.
Read the full Ginkgo + Alfentanil interactionAlfuzosinUroxatral
How Alfuzosin interacts with Memory and Focus Brain Support — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GinkgoCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo + Alfuzosin interactionBacopaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bacopa + Alfuzosin interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Memory and Focus Brain Support with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Ginkgo
Talinolol
Taking ginkgo with talinolol seems to increase blood levels of talinolol.
There is some evidence that using ginkgo leaf extract 120 mg orally three times daily for 14 days can increase levels of talinolol by 36% in healthy male individuals. However, single doses of ginkgo do not seem to affect talinolol pharmacokinetics.
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of alprazolam.
In clinical research, ginkgo extract (Ginkgold) 120 mg twice daily seems to decrease alprazolam levels by about 17%. However, ginkgo does not appear to decrease the elimination half-life of alprazolam. This suggests that ginkgo is more likely to decrease absorption of alprazolam rather than induce hepatic metabolism of alprazolam.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Ginkgo has been shown to increase the risk of bleeding in some people when taken with warfarin. Theoretically, ginkgo might increase the risk of bleeding if used with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Several pharmacodynamic studies suggest that ginkgo inhibits platelet aggregation. It is thought that the ginkgo constituent, ginkgolide B, displaces platelet-activating factor (PAF) from its binding sites, decreasing blood coagulation. Several case reports have documented serious bleeding events in patients taking ginkgo. However, population and clinical studies have produced mixed results. Some evidence shows that short-term use of ginkgo leaf does not significantly reduce platelet aggregation and blood clotting. A study in healthy males who took a specific ginkgo leaf extract (EGb 761) 160 mg twice daily for 7 days found no change in prothrombin time. An analysis of a large medical record database suggests that ginkgo increases the risk of a bleeding adverse event by 38% when taken concurrently with warfarin. It has been suggested that ginkgo has to be taken for at least 2-3 weeks to have a significant effect on platelet aggregation. However, a meta-analysis of 18 studies using standardized ginkgo extracts, 80-480 mg daily for up to 32 weeks, did not find a significant effect on platelet aggregation, fibrinogen concentration, or PT/aPTT. In addition, a single dose of ginkgo plus clopidogrel or ticlopidine does not seem to significantly increase bleeding time or platelet aggregation. Also, taking ginkgo leaf extract daily for 8 days in conjunction with rivaroxaban does not affect anti-factor Xa activity; however, this study did not evaluate bleeding time.
Anticonvulsants
Theoretically, ginkgo might reduce the effectiveness of anticonvulsants.
Ginkgo seeds contain ginkgotoxin. Large amounts of ginkgotoxin can cause neurotoxicity and seizure. Ginkgotoxin is present in much larger amounts in ginkgo seeds than leaves. Ginkgo leaf extract contains trace amounts of ginkgotoxin. The amount of ginkgotoxin in ginkgo leaf and leaf extract seems unlikely to cause toxicity. However, there are anecdotal reports of seizure occurring after use of ginkgo leaf both in patients without a history of seizure disorder and in those with previously well-controlled epilepsy.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with antidiabetes drugs might alter the response to antidiabetes drugs.
Ginkgo leaf extract seems to alter insulin secretion and metabolism, and might affect blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes. The effect of ginkgo seems to differ depending on the insulin and treatment status of the patient. In diet-controlled diabetes patients with hyperinsulinemia, taking ginkgo does not seem to significantly affect insulin or blood glucose levels. In patients with hyperinsulinemia who are treated with oral hypoglycemic agents, taking ginkgo seems to decrease insulin levels and increase blood glucose following an oral glucose tolerance test. Researchers speculate that this could be due to ginkgo-enhanced hepatic metabolism of insulin. In patients with pancreatic exhaustion, taking ginkgo seems to stimulate pancreatic beta-cells, resulting in increased insulin and C-peptide levels, but with no significant change in blood glucose levels in response to an oral glucose tolerance test.
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of atorvastatin.
In humans, intake of ginkgo extract appears to increase atorvastatin clearance, reducing the area under the curve of atorvastatin by 10% to 14% and the maximum concentration by 29%. However, this interaction does not appear to affect cholesterol synthesis and absorption. Further, a model in rats with hyperlipidemia suggests that administering ginkgo extract does not impact blood levels of atorvastatin and leads to lower total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides when compared with rats given atorvastatin alone.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Laboratory research suggests that ginkgo leaf extract can mildly inhibit CYP1A2 enzymes. However, clinical research suggests ginkgo might not affect CYP1A2. Until more is known, use ginkgo cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Some clinical research shows that a specific ginkgo leaf extract (Remembrance, Herbs Product LTD) 140 mg twice daily can induce CYP2C19 enzymes and potentially decrease levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes. However, other clinical research shows that taking ginkgo 120 mg twice daily for 12 days has no effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro, a specific standardized extract of ginkgo leaf (EGb 761) inhibits CYP2C9 activity . The terpenoid (ginkgolides) and flavonoid (quercetin, kaempferol, etc.) constituents seem to be responsible for this effect. Most ginkgo extracts contain some amount of these constituents. Therefore, other ginkgo leaf extracts might also inhibit the CYP2C9 enzyme. However, clinical research suggests that ginkgo might not have a significant effect on CYP2C9 in humans. Ginkgo does not seem to significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of CYP2C9 substrates diclofenac or tolbutamide.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
There is conflicting evidence about whether ginkgo induces or inhibits CYP3A4. Ginkgo does not appear to affect hepatic CYP3A4. However, it is not known if ginkgo affects intestinal CYP3A4. Preliminary clinical research suggests that taking ginkgo does not significantly affect levels of donepezil, lopinavir, or ritonavir, which are all CYP3A4 substrates. Other clinical research also suggests ginkgo does not significantly affect CYP3A4 activity. However, there are two case reports of decreased efavirenz concentrations and increased viral load in patients taking ginkgo. It is suspected that terpenoids from the ginkgo extract reduced drug levels by inducing cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Efavirenz (Sustiva)
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of efavirenz.
There are two case reports of decreased efavirenz concentrations and increased viral load in patients taking ginkgo. In one case, an HIV-positive male experienced over a 50% decrease in efavirenz levels over the course of 14 months while taking ginkgo extract. HIV-1 RNA copies also increased substantially, from less than 50 to more than 1500. It is suspected that terpenoids from the ginkgo extract reduced drug levels by inducing cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). In another case report, a patient stable on antiviral therapy including efavirenz for 10 years, had an increase in viral load from <50 copies/mL to 1350 copies/mL after 2 months of taking a combination of supplements including ginkgo. After stopping ginkgo, the viral load was again controlled with the same antiviral therapy regimen.
Ibuprofen (Advil, Others)
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase the risk of bleeding when used with ibuprofen.
Ginkgo might have antiplatelet effects and has been associated with several case reports of spontaneous bleeding. In one case, a 71-year-old male had taken a specific ginkgo extract (Gingium, Biocur) 40 mg twice daily for 2.5 years. About 4 weeks after starting ibuprofen 600 mg daily he experienced a fatal intracerebral hemorrhage. However, the antiplatelet effects of ginkgo have been questioned. A meta-analysis and other studies have not found a significant antiplatelet effect with standardized ginkgo extracts, 80 mg to 480 mg taken daily for up to 32 weeks.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with P-glycoprotein substrates might increase the levels and adverse effects of these substrates.
A small clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that using ginkgo leaf extract 120 mg orally three times daily for 14 days can increase levels of the P-glycoprotein substrate, talinolol, by 36% in healthy male individuals. However, single doses of ginkgo do not have the same effect.
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with risperidone might increase the levels and adverse effects of risperidone.
A single case of priapism has been reported for a 26-year-old male with schizophrenia who used risperidone 3 mg daily along with ginkgo extract 160 mg daily. Risperidone is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and CYP3A4. CYP3A4 activity might be affected by ginkgo. Theoretically, ginkgo may inhibit the metabolism of risperidone and increase the risk of adverse effects.
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of rosiglitazone.
Animal research shows that ginkgo leaf extract orally 100 or 200 mg/kg daily for 10 days alters the pharmacodynamics of rosiglitazone in a dose-dependent manner. The 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses reduce the area under the concentration time curve (AUC) of rosiglitazone by 39% and 52%, respectively, and the half-life by 28% and 39%, respectively. It is hypothesized that these changes may be due to induction of cytochrome P450 2C8 by ginkgo.
Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with drugs that lower the seizure threshold might increase the risk for convulsions.
Ginkgo seeds contain ginkgotoxin. Large amounts of ginkgotoxin can cause neurotoxicity and seizure. Ginkgotoxin is present in much larger amounts in ginkgo seeds than leaves. Ginkgo leaf extract contains trace amounts of ginkgotoxin. The amount of ginkgotoxin in ginkgo leaf and leaf extract seems unlikely to cause toxicity. However, there are anecdotal reports of seizure occurring after use of ginkgo leaf both in patients without a history of seizure disorder and in those with previously well-controlled epilepsy.
Simvastatin (Zocor)
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of simvastatin.
Clinical research shows that taking ginkgo extract can reduce the area under the curve and maximum concentration of simvastatin by 32% to 39%. However, ginkgo extract does not seem to affect the cholesterol-lowering ability of simvastatin.
Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi)
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase the levels and clinical effects of sofosbuvir.
Animal research in rats shows that giving a ginkgo extract 25 mg/kg orally daily for 14 days increases the area under the concentration time curve (AUC) after a single sofosbuvir dose of 40 mg/kg by 11%, increases the half-life by 60%, and increases the plasma concentration at 4 hours by 38%. This interaction appears to be related to the inhibition of intestinal P-glycoprotein by ginkgo.
Tacrolimus (Prograf)
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase the blood levels of tacrolimus.
In vitro evidence suggests that certain biflavonoids in ginkgo leaves (i.e. amentoflavone, ginkgetin, bilobetin) may inhibit the metabolism of tacrolimus by up to 50%. This interaction appears to be time-dependent and due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 by these bioflavonoids. In rats given tacrolimus 1 mg/kg orally, amentoflavone was shown to increase the area under the concentration time curve (AUC) of tacrolimus by 3.8-fold.
Trazodone (Desyrel)
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase the levels and clinical effects of trazodone.
In a case report, an Alzheimer patient taking trazodone 20 mg twice daily and ginkgo leaf extract 80 mg twice daily for four doses became comatose. The coma was reversed by administration of flumazenil (Romazicon). Coma might have been induced by excessive GABA-ergic activity. Ginkgo flavonoids are thought to have GABA-ergic activity and act directly on benzodiazepine receptors. Ginkgo might also increase metabolism of trazodone to active GABA-ergic metabolites, possibly by inducing cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) metabolism.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Ginkgo has been shown to increase the risk of bleeding in some people when taken with warfarin.
Several pharmacodynamic studies suggest that ginkgo inhibits platelet aggregation. It is thought that the ginkgo constituent, ginkgolide B, displaces platelet-activating factor (PAF) from its binding sites, decreasing blood coagulation. Several case reports have documented serious bleeding events in patients taking ginkgo. Information from a medical database suggests that when taken concurrently with warfarin, ginkgo increases the risk of a bleeding adverse event by 38%. There is also some evidence that ginkgo leaf extract can inhibit cytochrome P450 2C9, an enzyme that metabolizes warfarin. This could result in increased warfarin levels. However, population and clinical research has produced mixed results. Clinical research in healthy people suggests that ginkgo has no effect on INR, or the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of warfarin. A meta-analysis of 18 studies using standardized ginkgo extracts, 80 mg to 480 mg daily for up to 32 weeks, did not find a significant effect on platelet aggregation, fibrinogen concentration, or PT/aPTT. There is also some preliminary clinical research that suggests ginkgo might not significantly increase the effects of warfarin in patients that have a stable INR.
Nifedipine (Procardia)
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with oral, but not intravenous, nifedipine might increase levels and adverse effects of nifedipine.
Animal research and some clinical evidence suggests that taking ginkgo leaf extract orally in combination with oral nifedipine might increase nifedipine levels and cause increased side effects, such as headaches, dizziness, and hot flushes. However, taking ginkgo orally does not seem to affect the pharmacokinetics of intravenous nifedipine.
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with omeprazole might decrease the levels and clinical effects of omeprazole.
Clinical research shows that a specific ginkgo leaf extract (Remembrance, Herbs Product LTD) 140 mg twice daily can induce cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 enzymes and decrease levels of omeprazole by about 27% to 42%.
Bacopa
Anticholinergic Drugs
Theoretically, concurrent use might decrease the effectiveness of both agents.
Bacopa seems to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels, which could counteract the effects of anticholinergic drugs. Similarly, anticholinergic drugs might counteract the cholinergic effects of bacopa.
Cevimeline (Evoxac)
Theoretically, bacopa might increase the effects and adverse effects of cevimeline.
In one case, a 58-year-old female taking cevimeline long-term for Sjogren syndrome experienced hyperhidrosis, malaise, nausea, and tachycardia shortly after taking a single dose of bacopa. Symptoms resolved after two days. Cevimeline is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and CYP3A4, and researchers theorize that bacopa may have inhibited these isoenzymes. However, it is unclear if bacopa causes clinically significant inhibition of either CYP2D6 or CYP3A4.
Cholinergic Drugs
Theoretically, concurrent use of bacopa with other cholinergic drugs might have additive effects.
Bacopa seems to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels. Theoretically, this could result in additive cholinergic effects when used with cholinergic drugs.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Research on the effects of bacopa extracts on CYP1A2 enzymes is conflicting. Some in vitro evidence shows that bacopa extract can moderately and non-competitively inhibit CYP1A2, while other in vitro evidence suggests that any effect is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro evidence suggests that bacopa extract can moderately and non-competitively inhibit CYP2C19 enzymes. It is not known whether this is clinically significant.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
Research on the effect of bacopa extracts on CYP2C9 enzymes is conflicting. Some in vitro evidence suggests that bacopa extract can moderately and non-competitively inhibit CYP2C9, while other in vitro evidence suggests that any effect is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Research on the effects of bacopa extracts on CYP3A4 enzymes is conflicting. Some in vitro evidence suggests that bacopa extract can moderately and competitively inhibit CYP3A4, while other in vitro evidence suggests that any effect is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Thyroid Hormone
Theoretically, bacopa might have additive effects when used with thyroid hormone.
Animal research suggests that bacopa increases thyroxine (T4) levels in mice by about 40%.
Niacin
Alcohol (Ethanol)
Concomitant use of alcohol and niacin might increase the risk of flushing and hepatotoxicity.
Alcohol can exacerbate the flushing and pruritus associated with niacin. Large doses of niacin might also exacerbate liver dysfunction associated with chronic alcohol use. A case report describes delirium and lactic acidosis in a patient taking niacin 3 grams daily who ingested 1 liter of wine. Advise patients to avoid large amounts of alcohol while taking niacin.
Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Theoretically, niacin might antagonize the therapeutic effects of uricosurics such as allopurinol.
Large doses of niacin can reduce urinary excretion of uric acid, potentially resulting in hyperuricemia. Doses of uricosurics such as allopurinol might need to be increased to maintain control of gout in patients who start taking niacin. People who have frequent attacks of gout despite uricosuric therapy should avoid niacin.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, niacin may have additive effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Several cases of clotting factor synthesis deficiency and coagulopathy have been reported in patients taking sustained-release niacin. Also, thrombocytopenia has been reported in patients treated with niacin or niacin plus lovastatin.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Niacin can increase blood glucose levels and may diminish the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Niacin impairs glucose tolerance in a dose-dependent manner, probably by causing or aggravating insulin resistance and increasing hepatic production of glucose. In diabetes patients, niacin 4.5 grams daily for 5 weeks can increase plasma glucose by an average of 16% and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by 21%. However, lower doses of 1.5 grams daily or less appear to have minimal effects on blood glucose. In some patients, glucose levels increase when niacin is started, but then return to baseline when a stable dose is reached. Up to 35% of patients with diabetes may need adjustments in hypoglycemic therapy when niacin is added.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, niacin may increase the risk of hypotension when used with antihypertensive drugs.
The vasodilating effects of niacin can cause hypotension. Furthermore, some clinical evidence suggests that a one-hour infusion of niacin can reduce systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This effect is not observed in normotensive patients.
Bile Acid Sequestrants
Bile acid sequestrants can bind niacin and decrease absorption. Separate administration by 4-6 hours to avoid an interaction.
In vitro studies show that colestipol (Colestid) binds about 98% of available niacin and cholestyramine (Questran) binds 10% to 30%.
Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and gemfibrozil might increase the risk of myopathy in some patients.
A case of myopathy from concomitant use of niacin and gemfibrozil has been reported. Niacin alone has also been associated with cases of myopathy. Using gemfibrozil with niacin might further increase the risk of developing myopathy.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Niacin has been associated with cases of liver toxicity, especially when used in pharmacologic doses. Sustained-release niacin preparations appear to be associated with a higher risk of hepatotoxicity than immediate-release niacin.
Hmg-Coa Reductase Inhibitors ("Statins")
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and statins might increase the risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis in some patients.
Some case reports have raised concerns that niacin might increase the risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis when combined with statins. However, a significantly increased risk of myopathy has not been demonstrated in clinical trials, including those using an FDA-approved combination of lovastatin and niacin (Advicor).
Probenecid (Benemid)
Theoretically, niacin might antagonize the therapeutic effects of uricosurics such as probenecid.
Large doses of niacin reduce urinary excretion of uric acid, potentially causing hyperuricemia. Doses of uricosurics such as probenecid might need to be increased to maintain control of gout in patients who start taking niacin. People who have frequent attacks of gout despite uricosuric therapy should avoid niacin.
Sulfinpyrazone (Anturane)
Theoretically, niacin might antagonize the therapeutic effects of uricosurics such as sulfinpyrazone.
Large doses of niacin reduce urinary excretion of uric acid, potentially causing hyperuricemia. Doses of uricosurics such as sulfinpyrazone might need to be increased to maintain control of gout in patients who start taking niacin. People who have frequent attacks of gout despite uricosuric therapy should avoid niacin.
Thyroid Hormone
Theoretically, niacin might antagonize the therapeutic effects of thyroid hormones.
Clinical research and case reports suggests that taking niacin can reduce serum levels of thyroxine-binding globulin by up to 25% and moderately reduce levels of thyroxine (T4). Patients taking thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism might need dose adjustments when using niacin.
Transdermal Nicotine (Nicoderm)
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and transdermal nicotine might increase the risk of flushing and dizziness.
Niacin and nicotine can both cause flushing and dizziness.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
There is limited evidence that niacin may increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
In a case report, a patient on warfarin developed an elevated international normalized ratio (INR) of 3.9 after taking niacin for two weeks. The patient's INR was previously stable, ranging between 2 and 3 in recent months, and no other medication changes were identified. The elevated INR returned to therapeutic range within 4 days following the discontinuation of niacin.
Aspirin
Large doses of aspirin might alter the clearance of niacin.
Aspirin is often used with niacin to reduce niacin-induced flushing. Doses of 80-975 mg aspirin have been used, but 325 mg appears to be optimal. Aspirin also seems to reduce the clearance of niacin by competing for glycine conjugation. Taking aspirin 1 gram seems to reduce niacin clearance by 45%. This is probably a dose-related effect and not clinically significant with the more common aspirin dose of 325 mg.
CognatiQ
Ephedrine
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk of stimulant adverse effects.
Coffee contains caffeine. There is evidence that using ephedrine with caffeine might increase the risk of serious life-threatening or debilitating adverse effects such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, seizures, and death. Tell patients to avoid taking caffeine with ephedrine and other stimulants.
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Theoretically, coffee might decrease the vasodilatory effects of adenosine and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Coffee contains caffeine. Caffeine is a competitive inhibitor of adenosine at the cellular level. However, caffeine does not seem to affect supplemental adenosine because high interstitial levels of adenosine overcome the antagonistic effects of caffeine. It is recommended that methylxanthines such as caffeine, as well as methylxanthine-containing products, be stopped 24 hours prior to pharmacological stress tests. However, methylxanthines appear more likely to interfere with dipyridamole (Persantine) than adenosine-induced stress testing.
Alendronate (Fosamax)
Coffee reduces alendronate bioavailability.
Separate coffee ingestion and alendronate administration by two hours. Coffee reduces alendronate bioavailability by 60%.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, coffee may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Coffee contains caffeine. Caffeine is reported to have antiplatelet activity. Theoretically, the caffeine in coffee might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with these agents. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans. There is some evidence that caffeinated coffee might increase the fibrinolytic activity in blood.
Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of coffee might increase cardiac inotropic effects of beta-agonists.
Coffee contains caffeine. Caffeine can increase cardiac inotropic effects of beta-agonists.
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Theoretically, cimetidine might increase the effects and adverse effects of caffeine in coffee.
Coffee contains caffeine. Cimetidine can reduce caffeine clearance by 31% to 42%.
Clozapine (Clozaril)
Theoretically, coffee might increase the levels and adverse effects of clozapine and acutely exacerbate psychotic symptoms.
Coffee contains caffeine. Caffeine can increase the effects and toxicity of clozapine. Caffeine doses of 400-1000 mg daily inhibit clozapine metabolism. Clozapine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2). Researchers speculate that caffeine might inhibit CYP1A2. However, there is no reliable evidence that caffeine affects CYP1A2. There is also speculation that genetic factors might make some patients be more sensitive to the interaction between clozapine and caffeine.
Contraceptive Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of caffeine found in coffee.
Coffee contains caffeine. Oral contraceptive drugs can decrease caffeine clearance by 40% to 65%.
Dipyridamole (Persantine)
Theoretically, coffee might decrease the vasodilatory effects of dipyridamole and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Coffee contains caffeine. Caffeine is a methylxyanthine that may inhibit dipyridamole-induced vasodilation. It is recommended that methylxanthines such as caffeine, as well as methylxanthine-containing products such as coffee, be stopped 24 hours prior to pharmacological stress tests. Methylxanthines appear more likely to interfere with dipyridamole (Persantine) than adenosine-induced stress testing.
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
Theoretically, disulfiram might increase the risk of adverse effects from caffeine.
Coffee contains caffeine. In human research, disulfiram decreases the clearance and increases the half-life of caffeine.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Coffee contains caffeine. Caffeine, especially in excessive amounts, can reduce potassium levels due to stimulation of the sodium-potassium pump. Diuretics can also cause lower potassium levels.
Estrogens
Theoretically, estrogens might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Coffee contains caffeine. Estrogen inhibits caffeine metabolism.
Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
Theoretically, fluvoxamine might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Coffee contains caffeine. Fluvoxamine reduces caffeine metabolism.
Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
Coffee consumption can decrease the levels and clinical effects of lamotrigine.
A pharmacokinetic study in patients taking lamotrigine shows that consumption of coffee, both caffeinated and decaffeinated, can decrease the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and the peak plasma level (Cmax) of lamotrigine. Each additional cup of coffee reduced the AUC and Cmax by 4% and 3%, respectively. It is unclear whether this interaction is due to induction of lamotrigine metabolism or inhibition of lamotrigine absorption.
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)
Coffee can reduce the absorption of levothyroxine.
In some patients, coffee can reduce levothyroxine absorption, possibly through the formation of non-absorbable complexes. A pharmacokinetic study in these patients found that 25-30 mL of espresso coffee consumed with levothyroxine tablets delayed the time to peak plasma levels by 38-43 minutes, reduced the peak plasma level (Cmax) by 19% to 36%, and reduced the area under the curve (AUC) by 27% to 36%. Coffee consumed one hour after levothyroxine did not affect absorption. It is not known whether this interaction occurs with other types of coffee. Tell patients to avoid drinking coffee at the same time that they take their levothyroxine, and for up to an hour afterwards.
Lithium
Theoretically, abrupt coffee withdrawal might increase the levels and adverse effects of lithium.
Coffee contains caffeine. Abrupt caffeine withdrawal can increase serum lithium levels. Two cases of lithium tremor that worsened with abrupt coffee withdrawal have been reported. There is also one case of a 2.8-fold increase in blood lithium levels after a patient taking lithium reduced his coffee consumption from 13-20 cups daily to 10 cups daily.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk of a hypertensive crisis.
Coffee contains caffeine. Caffeine has been shown to inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B in laboratory studies. Concomitant intake of large amounts of caffeine with MAOIs might precipitate a hypertensive crisis. In a case report, a patient that consumed 10-12 cups of caffeinated coffee and took the MAOI tranylcypromine presented with severe hypertension. Hypertension was resolved after the patient switched to drinking decaffeinated coffee.
Nicotine
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk of hypertension.
Coffee contains caffeine. Concomitant use of caffeine and nicotine has been shown to have additive cardiovascular effects, including increased heart rate and blood pressure. Blood pressure was increased by 10.8/12.4 mmHg when the agents were used concomitantly.
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Theoretically, coffee might reduce the effects of pentobarbital.
Coffee contains caffeine. Theoretically, caffeine might negate the hypnotic effects of pentobarbital.
Phenylpropanolamine
Theoretically, phenylpropanolamine might increase the risk of hypertension, as well as the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Coffee contains caffeine. Concomitant use of phenylpropanolamine and caffeine might cause an additive increase in blood pressure. Phenylpropanolamine also seems to increase caffeine serum levels.
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Theoretically, coffee might increase the levels and clinical effects of pioglitazone.
Coffee contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that caffeine can modestly increase the maximum concentration, area under the curve, and half-life of pioglitazone, and also reduce its clearance. This increased the antidiabetic effects of pioglitazone. However, the exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Theoretically, quinolone antibiotics might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Coffee contains caffeine. Concomitant use of caffeine and quinolones can decrease caffeine clearance and increase effects and risk of adverse effects.
Riluzole (Rilutek)
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of both caffeine and riluzole.
Coffee contains caffeine. Caffeine and riluzole are both metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), and concomitant use might reduce metabolism of one or both agents.
Stimulant Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Coffee contains caffeine. Due to the central nervous system (CNS) stimulant effects of caffeine, concomitant use with stimulant drugs can increase the risk of adverse effects.
Theophylline
Theoretically, coffee might increase the levels and adverse effects of theophylline.
Coffee contains caffeine, which can increase theophylline levels.
Lion's Mane, Powder
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, lion's mane mushroom may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research suggests that lion's mane mushroom extracts can inhibit platelet aggregation.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, lion's mane mushroom may have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that an aqueous extract of lion's mane mushroom can reduce serum glucose and increase serum insulin.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, concurrent use of lion's mane mushroom might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
In animal and in vitro research, lion's mane mushroom polysaccharides stimulate the immune system.
2-Dimethylaminoethanol
Anticholinergic Drugs
Theoretically, deanol might decrease the effectiveness of anticholinergic drugs.
Deanol is thought to increase acetylcholine levels.
Cholinergic Drugs
Theoretically, deanol might increase the effects and adverse effects of cholinergic drugs.
Deanol is thought to increase acetylcholine levels.
Vitamin B6
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Theoretically, vitamin B6 might increase the photosensitivity caused by amiodarone.
Despite initial case reports suggesting that pyridoxine may have a protective effect against amiodarone-induced photosensitivity, preliminary clinical research suggests that pyridoxine may actually exacerbate this adverse effect.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Research in hypertensive rats shows that vitamin B6 can decrease systolic blood pressure. Similarly, clinical research in patients with hypertension shows that taking high doses of vitamin B6 may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, possibly by reducing plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Phenobarbital (Luminal)
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that vitamin B6 200 mg daily can reduce plasma levels of phenobarbital, possibly by increasing metabolism. It is not known whether lower doses have any effect. Advise people taking phenobarbital to avoid high doses of vitamin B6.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenytoin.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that vitamin B6 200 mg daily can reduce plasma levels of phenytoin, possibly by increasing metabolism. It is not known whether lower doses have any effect. Advise people taking phenytoin to avoid high doses of vitamin B6.
Levodopa
Vitamin B6 may increase the metabolism of levodopa when taken alone, but not when taken in conjunction with carbidopa.
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) enhances the metabolism of levodopa, reducing its clinical effects. However, this interaction does not occur when carbidopa is used concurrently with levodopa (Sinemet). Therefore, it is not likely to be a problem in most people.
Vitamin C
Alkylating Agents
Theoretically, antioxidant effects of vitamin C might reduce the effectiveness of alkylating agents.
The use of antioxidants like vitamin C during chemotherapy is controversial. There is concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals, such as cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, carmustine, busulfan, and thiotepa. In contrast, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that could interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin C have on chemotherapy.
Aluminum
Vitamin C can increase the amount of aluminum absorbed from aluminum compounds.
Research in animals and humans shows that vitamin C increases aluminum absorption, theoretically by chelating aluminum and keeping it in solution where it is available for absorption. In people with normal renal function, urinary excretion of aluminum will likely increase, making aluminum retention and toxicity unlikely. Patients with renal failure who take aluminum-containing compounds such as phosphate binders should avoid vitamin C supplements in doses above the recommended dietary allowances.
Antitumor Antibiotics
Theoretically, the antioxidant effects of vitamin C might reduce the effectiveness of antitumor antibiotics.
The use of antioxidants like vitamin C during chemotherapy is controversial. There is concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs which generate free radicals, such as doxorubicin. In contrast, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that could interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effects, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin C have on chemotherapy.
Estrogens
Vitamin C might increase blood levels of estrogens.
Increases in plasma estrogen levels of up to 55% occur under some circumstances when vitamin C is taken concurrently with oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, including topical products. It is suggested that vitamin C prevents oxidation of estrogen in the tissues, regenerates oxidized estrogen, and reduces sulfate conjugation of estrogen in the gut wall. When tissue levels of vitamin C are high, these processes are already maximized and supplemental vitamin C does not have any effect on estrogen levels. Increases in plasma estrogen levels may occur when patients who are deficient in vitamin C take supplements. Monitor these patients for estrogen-related side effects.
Fluphenazine (Prolixin)
Theoretically, vitamin C might decrease levels of fluphenazine.
In one patient there was a clinically significant decrease in fluphenazine levels when vitamin C (500 mg twice daily) was started. The mechanism is not known, and there is no further data to confirm this interaction.
Indinavir (Crixivan)
Vitamin C can modestly reduce indinavir levels.
One pharmacokinetic study shows that taking vitamin C 1 gram orally once daily along with indinavir 800 mg orally three times daily reduces the area under the concentration-time curve of indinavir by 14%. The mechanism of this interaction is unknown, but it is unlikely to be clinically significant in most patients. The effect of higher doses of vitamin C on indinavir levels is unknown.
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)
Vitamin C can increase levothyroxine absorption.
Two clinical studies in adults with poorly controlled hypothyroidism show that swallowing levothyroxine with a glass of water containing vitamin C 500-1000 mg in solution reduces thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and increases thyroxine (T4) levels when compared with taking levothyroxine alone. This suggests that vitamin C increases the oral absorption of levothyroxine, possibly due to a reduction in pH.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
High-dose vitamin C might reduce the levels and effectiveness of warfarin.
Vitamin C in high doses may cause diarrhea and possibly reduce warfarin absorption. There are reports of two people who took up to 16 grams daily of vitamin C and had a reduction in prothrombin time. Lower doses of 5-10 grams daily can also reduce warfarin absorption. In many cases, this does not seem to be clinically significant. However, a case of warfarin resistance has been reported for a patient who took vitamin C 500 mg twice daily. Cessation of vitamin C supplementation resulted in a rapid increase in international normalized ratio (INR). Tell patients taking warfarin to avoid taking vitamin C in excessively high doses (greater than 10 grams daily). Lower doses may be safe, but the anticoagulation activity of warfarin should be monitored. Patients who are stabilized on warfarin while taking vitamin C should avoid adjusting vitamin C dosage to prevent the possibility of warfarin resistance.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Others)
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that taking high-dose vitamin C (3 grams) 1.5 hours after taking acetaminophen 1 gram slightly increases the apparent half-life of acetaminophen from around 2.3 hours to 3.1 hours. Ascorbic acid competitively inhibits sulfate conjugation of acetaminophen. However, to compensate, elimination of acetaminophen glucuronide and unconjugated acetaminophen increases. This effect is not likely to be clinically significant.
Aspirin
Acidification of the urine by vitamin C might increase aspirin levels.
It has been suggested that acidification of the urine by vitamin C could increase reabsorption of salicylates by the renal tubules, and increase plasma salicylate levels. However, short-term use of up to 6 grams daily of vitamin C does not seem to affect urinary pH or salicylate excretion, suggesting this interaction is not clinically significant.
Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate (Trilisate)
Acidification of the urine by vitamin C might increase choline magnesium trisalicylate levels.
It has been suggested that acidification of the urine by vitamin C could increase reabsorption of salicylates by the renal tubules, and increase plasma salicylate levels. However, short-term use of up to 6 grams daily of vitamin C does not seem to affect urinary pH or salicylate excretion, suggesting this interaction probably is not clinically significant.
Niacin
Vitamin C might decrease the beneficial effects of niacin on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.
A combination of niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) effectively raises HDL cholesterol levels in patients with coronary disease and low HDL levels. Clinical research shows that taking a combination of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and selenium) along with niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) attenuates this rise in HDL, specifically the HDL-2 and apolipoprotein A1 fractions, by more than 50% in patients with coronary disease. It is not known whether this adverse effect is due to a single antioxidant such as vitamin C, or to the combination. It also is not known whether it will occur in other patient populations.
Salsalate (Disalcid)
Acidification of the urine by vitamin C might increase salsalate levels.
It has been suggested that acidification of the urine by vitamin C could increase reabsorption of salicylates by the renal tubules, and increase plasma salicylate levels. However, short-term use of up to 6 grams/day vitamin C does not seem to affect urinary pH or salicylate excretion, suggesting this interaction probably is not clinically significant.
Taurine
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Some clinical evidence suggests that taurine can reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Lithium
Theoretically, taurine might reduce excretion and increase plasma levels of lithium.
Taurine is thought to have diuretic properties, which might reduce the excretion of lithium.
L-Tyrosine
Levodopa
Theoretically, tyrosine might decrease the effectiveness of levodopa.
Tyrosine and levodopa compete for absorption in the proximal duodenum by the large neutral amino acid (LNAA) transport system. Advise patients to separate doses of tyrosine and levodopa by at least 2 hours.
Thyroid Hormone
Theoretically, tyrosine might have additive effects with thyroid hormone medications.
Tyrosine is a precursor to thyroxine and might increase levels of thyroid hormones.
Vitamin B12
Metformin (Glucophage)
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals. Prolonged use of metformin can interfere with the absorption of B12 in the digestive system, potentially leading to a deficiency in this essential vitamin.
Choline Bitartrate
Atropine
Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Animal research shows that administering choline one hour before administering atropine can attenuate atropine-induced decreases in brain levels of acetylcholine. Theoretically, concomitant use of choline and atropine may decrease the effects of atropine.
Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine
Scopolamine (Transderm Scop)
Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
A small clinical study shows that alpha-GPC can partially counteract the attention and memory impairment effects caused by scopolamine given intramuscularly. Whether alpha-GPC can decrease the beneficial anti-motion sickness effects of the scopolamine patch (Transderm Scop) is unclear.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Memory and Focus Brain Support, from the product label.
Bucklebury
See all Bucklebury products- Name
- Bucklebury, LLC
- Street Address
- 3511 SE J St. Ste 9 #105
- City
- Bentonville
- State
- AR
- ZipCode
- 72712
- Web Address
- Bucklebury.com
Memory and Focus Brain Support by Bucklebury: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Memory and Focus Brain Support’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Vitamin B6
Interacts with 210 drugsVitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that your body needs for metabolism, brain function, and making red blood cells. It is best known for helping with pregnancy-rel...
Read the full Vitamin B6 monograph → Herb & supplement monographTyrosine
Interacts with 21 drugsL-tyrosine is an amino acid your body uses to make brain chemicals like dopamine and norepinephrine. Some studies suggest it may help mental performance during short-term stress, sleep loss,...
Read the full Tyrosine monograph → Herb & supplement monographVitamin C
Interacts with 207 drugsVitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential nutrient your body needs but cannot make, so you must get it from food or supplements. It's important for immune function, collagen, and acts as an...
Read the full Vitamin C monograph → Herb & supplement monographNiacin
Interacts with 727 drugsNiacin (vitamin B3) is an essential nutrient your body needs for energy and metabolism, and deficiency is uncommon in most developed countries. Prescription-strength niacin has been used to...
Read the full Niacin monograph → Herb & supplement monographVitamin B12
Interacts with 20 drugsVitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential nutrient your body needs to make red blood cells, keep nerves healthy, and support DNA. Supplements are very helpful for people who are deficient — su...
Read the full Vitamin B12 monograph → Herb & supplement monographTaurine
Interacts with 173 drugsTaurine is an amino acid your body makes naturally and that you also get from animal foods. It is widely used in energy drinks and sports supplements, and short-term use appears generally sa...
Read the full Taurine monograph → Herb & supplement monographCholine
Interacts with 16 drugsCholine is an essential nutrient your body needs for liver function, brain health, and nerve signaling, and many people get enough from foods like eggs, meat, and fish. Supplements may help...
Read the full Choline monograph → Herb & supplement monographAlpha-gpc
Interacts with 16 drugsAlpha-GPC is a choline-containing compound used mainly for memory, brain health, and as a choline source. There is some evidence it may help cognition in people with dementia, but evidence i...
Read the full Alpha-gpc monograph → Herb & supplement monographCiticoline
Citicoline is a naturally occurring compound involved in making brain cell membranes and the messenger chemical acetylcholine. It is popularly taken for memory, focus, and brain aging, and s...
Read the full Citicoline monograph → Herb & supplement monographCoffee
Interacts with 591 drugsCoffee is a widely consumed beverage made from roasted coffee beans, valued mainly for its caffeine, which boosts alertness and energy. For most healthy adults, moderate coffee intake is gen...
Read the full Coffee monograph → Herb & supplement monographDeanol
Interacts with 219 drugsDeanol (DMAE) is a compound related to choline that is marketed for memory, focus, and mood, but solid human evidence for most of these uses is limited or mixed. It can cause side effects in...
Read the full Deanol monograph → Herb & supplement monographBacopa
Interacts with 930 drugsBacopa is an Ayurvedic herb most often used for memory and thinking. Some small studies suggest it may modestly help memory when taken regularly for several weeks, but the evidence is limite...
Read the full Bacopa monograph → Herb & supplement monographLion's Mane Mushroom
Interacts with 327 drugsLion's mane is an edible mushroom that is popular as a 'nootropic' for memory, focus, and nerve health, but solid human evidence is still limited and early. It is generally well tolerated as...
Read the full Lion's Mane Mushroom monograph → Herb & supplement monographGinkgo
Interacts with 1,266 drugsGinkgo is one of the world's most popular herbal supplements, mostly taken to support memory and circulation. The evidence for these uses is mixed and generally weak, and it is not proven to...
Read the full Ginkgo monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Memory and Focus Brain Support's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 538 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Vitamin B6 32 references
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- South M. Neonatal seizures after pyridoxine use -- reply. Lancet 1999;354:2083. PubMed
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- Bendich A, Cohen M. Vitamin B6 safety issues. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990;585:321-30.
- Schaumburg H, Kaplan J, Windebank A. Sensory neuropathy from pyridoxine abuse. A new megavitamin syndrome. N Engl J Med 1983;309:445-8. PubMed
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- Jansen T, Romiti R, Kreuter A, Altmeyer P. Rosacea fulminans triggered by high-dose vitamins B6 and B12. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2001;15:484-5..
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- Hatzitolios, A., Iliadis, F., Katsiki, N., and Baltatzi, M. Is the anti-hypertensive effect of dietary supplements via aldehydes reduction evidence based? A systematic review. Clin Exp.Hypertens. 2008;30(7):628-639. PubMed
- Vasdev, S., Ford, C. A., Parai, S., Longerich, L., and Gadag, V. Dietary vitamin B6 supplementation attenuates hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol.Cell Biochem. 1999;200(1-2):155-162.
- de, Vogel S., Dindore, V., van, Engeland M., Goldbohm, R. A., van den Brandt, P. A., and Weijenberg, M. P. Dietary folate, methionine, riboflavin, and vitamin B-6 and risk of sporadic colorectal cancer. J Nutr 2008;138(12):2372-2378. PubMed
- Hagen, I., Nesheim, B. I., and Tuntland, T. No effect of vitamin B-6 against premenstrual tension. A controlled clinical study. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 1985;64(8):667-670. PubMed
- Aybak, M., Sermet, A., Ayyildiz, M. O., and Karakilcik, A. Z. Effect of oral pyridoxine hydrochloride supplementation on arterial blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Arzneimittelforschung. 1995;45(12):1271-1273.
- Lal, K. J., Dakshinamurti, K., and Thliveris, J. The effect of vitamin B6 on the systolic blood pressure of rats in various animal models of hypertension. J Hypertens. 1996;14(3):355-363. PubMed
- Lauritzen CH, Reuter HD, Repges R, Bohnert K, and Schmidt U. Treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome with Vitex agnus castus. Controlled, double-blind study versus pyridoxine. Phytomed 1997;4(3):183-189. PubMed
- Fonseca VA, Lavery LA, Thethi TK, et al. Metanx in type 2 diabetes with peripheral neuropathy: A randomized trial. Am J Med 2013;126(2):141-9. PubMed
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- Mahmoud A, Tabassum S, Al Enazi S, et al. Amelioration of levetiracetam-induced behavioral side effects by pyridoxine. A randomized double blind controlled study. Pediatr Neurol 2021;119:15-21. PubMed
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- Tanigawa J, Nabatame S, Tominaga K, et al. High-dose pyridoxine treatment for inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency. Brain Dev 2021;43(6):680-687. PubMed
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Tyrosine 4 references
- Meyer JS, Welch KM, Deshmukh VD, et al. Neurotransmitter precursor amino acids in the treatment of multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease. J Amer Geriat Soc 1977;25:289-98.
- DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et al; eds. Pharmacotherapy: A pathophysiologic approach. 4th ed. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1999.
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- van Spronsen FJ, van Rijn M, Bekhof J. Phenylketonuria: tyrosine supplementation in phenylalanine-restricted diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:153-7. PubMed
Vitamin C 51 references
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- Domingo JL, Gomez M, Llobet JM, Corbella J. Influence of some dietary constituents on aluminum absorption and retention in rats. Kidney Int 1991;39:598-601. PubMed
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See these in context on the Lion's Mane Mushroom monograph →
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