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Dietary supplement

Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Rexall Sundown Naturalist

Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root is a dietary supplement by Rexall Sundown Naturalist with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for insomnia and poor sleep, anxiety and stress, restlessness.Based on those ingredients, 971 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Valerian, Hops, Passion Flower. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root by Rexall Sundown Naturalist

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root by Rexall Sundown Naturalist — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root by Rexall Sundown Naturalist

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 27, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Herbal Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (100 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This product contains four active herbal ingredients: valerian root, hops, lemon balm, and passion flower. Each plays a traditional role in herbal wellness—valerian and passion flower are used for sleep and relaxation, hops for calming effects, and lemon balm for stress and mood support.

The capsules also contain gelatin and vegetable magnesium stearate as inactive ingredients to hold the formula together.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Herpes labialis (cold sores) — rated "Possibly Effective" (Lemon Balm) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Depression — rated "Possibly Effective" (Lemon Balm) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Stress — rated "Possibly Effective" (Lemon Balm) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Insomnia — rated "Possibly Effective" (Valerian) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Pre-procedural anxiety — rated "Possibly Effective" (Passion Flower) (Natural Medicines).

Valerian is possibly effective for insomnia based on available evidence, while hops and passion flower have insufficient reliable evidence to rate their effectiveness for the conditions they're traditionally used for—including sleep, anxiety, and stress. Lemon balm is possibly effective for stress and depression, and possibly effective for cold sores when applied topically.

The evidence varies by ingredient and condition, so results may differ between individuals.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Valerian Hops Lemon Balm Passion Flower

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

All four herbs are generally well tolerated for short-term use, but long-term safety hasn't been well studied. The most common side effects are dizziness, drowsiness, and mental slowness; some people also report headache, stomach upset, vivid dreams, or excitability.

If you've been taking valerian for an extended time, taper your dose slowly rather than stopping abruptly—sudden discontinuation can cause withdrawal symptoms like anxiety, irritability, or insomnia. Rare cases of liver injury have been reported with multi-ingredient valerian products, though it's unclear whether valerian alone was responsible.

During pregnancy, valerian and passion flower should be avoided due to lack of safety data; lemon balm and hops are also best avoided unless your doctor advises otherwise. None of these herbs should be used while breastfeeding because safety information is insufficient or unknown.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Valerian Hops Lemon Balm Passion Flower

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Lemon Balm, Hops, Valerian, Passion Flower.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • For scale: 972 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your pharmacist or doctor if you take any CNS depressants (sedatives, anxiety medications, sleep aids, pain relievers, or anesthetics), drink alcohol regularly, take alprazolam (Xanax), use hormone replacement therapy or birth control, take thyroid medication, or use any drug that needs processing by the liver. The moderate interactions with sedating drugs are the most serious concern.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This blend may help with occasional sleep or stress in people looking for herbal support, but it's not for everyone—especially if you take sedating medications, have thyroid issues, are on hormone therapy, or are pregnant or breastfeeding. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting, particularly to review your current medications and whether the ingredient interactions matter for your specific situation.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 25, 2013.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root, straight from the product label.

Brand Rexall Sundown Naturalist
Barcode (UPC) 030768001285
Net contents 45 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 25, 2013
DSLD ID 26114
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root by Rexall Sundown Naturalist, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
UPC/BARCODE
030768001285
IngredientAmount% DV
Valerian450 mg--
Hops0 NP--
Proprietary Herbal Blend100 mg--
Lemon Balm0 NP--
Passion Flower0 NP--

Other ingredients: Gelatin, Vegetable Magnesium Stearate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formulation

No yeast, wheat, gluten, milk or milk derivatives, lactose, sugar, preservatives, soy, artifical color, artificial flavor, sodium.

Precautions

Discontinue use and consult your doctor if any adverse reactions occur. Excessive consumption may impair ability to drive a motor vehicle or operate heavy equipment.

Not intended for use by persons under the age of 18.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

TAMPER RESISTANT: DO NOT USE IF SEAL UNDER CAP IS BROKEN OR MISSING.

WARNING: If you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medications or have any medical condition, consult your doctor before use.

Storage

STORE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AND AVOID EXCESSIVE HEAT.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

General Statements

Quality Guaranteed Lab Tested Laboratory tested to meet strict quality control standards for potency, purity and disintegration. 100% Quality Guaranteed.

ACTUAL SIZE

IMPORTANT FACTS YOU SHOULD KNOW Valerian has been prized since ancient Roman times for its calming properties and has been traditionally used to support rest.* Naturalist's Valerian provides the benefits of the key components found in the whole root.*

Supports Restful Sleep*

General

Prod. No. 44742 07E B18470 CAB

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

DIRECTIONS: FOR ADULTS, START WITH ONE (1) CAPSULE DAILY AND INCREASE AS NEEDED. UP TO FIVE (5) CAPSULES CAN BE TAKEN DAILY.

Seals/Symbols

QUALITY ASSURANCE LABORATORY TESTED 100%

Brand IP Statement(s)

(c)2012

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root by Rexall Sundown Naturalist label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root by Rexall Sundown Naturalist

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Valerian

Interacts with
902 drugs
450 mg per serving

Valerian is an herb whose root is widely used as a natural sleep aid and for calming nerves. The evidence is mixed and often weak, so it may help some...

Valerian monograph & interactions

Proprietary Herbal Blend

100 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin, Vegetable Magnesium Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root by Rexall Sundown Naturalist Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
971Drugs
386 Moderate 585 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Valerian 902
Hops 863
Passion Flower 836
Lemon Balm 264

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root interact with 971 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 4 ingredients in Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Valerian Hops Passion Flower Lemon Balm

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Valerian6 drug types · 902 drugs

Alcohol (Ethanol)

Valerian can have additive sedative effects when used concomitantly with alcohol.
Valerian has sedative effects. Theoretically, valerian might have an additive sedative effect when combined with alcohol. Excessive sedation has been reported in an alcohol-abusing individual who took valerian and Gingko biloba. However, the potential interaction between valerian and alcohol has been disputed in other research. Limited evidence suggests that a combination of valerian 160 mg and lemon balm 80 mg (Euvegal) does not cause further deterioration in reaction ability and reaction rate when taken with alcohol as compared to the effects of alcohol alone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Alprazolam (Xanax)

Valerian can have additive sedative effects when used with alprazolam. Also, valerian in high doses might modestly increase alprazolam levels, though this is not likely to be clinically significant.
Valerian has sedative effects. Theoretically, valerian might cause additive sedation when combined with alprazolam. Also, a small pharmacokinetic study shows that taking valerian extract 1000 mg daily (providing 11 mg valerenic acid) might increase alprazolam levels by about 19%. This might be due to valerian's mild inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Despite being statistically significant, this increase is not likely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cns Depressants

Valerian can have additive sedative effects when used concomitantly with CNS depressant drugs.
Theoretically, concomitant use of valerian and drugs with sedative and anesthetic properties may cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Glucuronidated Drugs

Valerian might weakly inhibit glucuronidation and increase concentrations of drugs metabolized by UGT1A1 and UGT2B7.
In vitro research shows that methanolic valerian extract and valerenic acid might competitively inhibit UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 (UGT1A1) and UGT2B7.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Although some in vitro evidence suggests that valerian affects CYP2D6, clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) studies show that valerian is unlikely to affect the CYP2D6 enzyme. In one PK study, taking valerian 1000 mg (providing about 11 mg valerenic acid) nightly for 14 days did not affect the metabolism of dextromethorphan, a CYP2D6 substrate. In another PK study, taking valerian 125 mg three times daily for 28 days did not affect metabolism of debrisoquine, an accepted CYP2D6 probe-substrate.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Although some in vitro evidence suggests that valerian extract might inhibit or induce CYP3A4, clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) studies show that valerian does not have a clinically significant effect on the CYP3A4 enzyme. In one PK study, taking valerian 125 mg three times daily for 28 days did not affect metabolism of midazolam, an accepted CYP3A4 probe-substrate. In another PK study, taking valerian 1000 mg (providing about 11 mg valerenic acid) nightly for 14 days modestly increases levels of alprazolam, a CYP3A4 substrate, suggesting mild inhibition of CYP3A4. However, this mild inhibition is unlikely to be clinically relevant.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Valerian full monograph & interactions

Hops4 drug types · 863 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, concomitant use of hops with sedative drugs might cause additive sedation.
Some animal research shows that hops has sedative effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of hops might interfere with hormone replacement therapy due to competition for estrogen receptors.
In vitro research suggests that certain hops constituents can competitively bind to estrogen receptors. However, most hops extracts contain very small amounts of these constituents.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Hops extract does not seem to affect the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that flavonoid constituents of hops inhibit CYP1A2 enzyme activity. However, a pharmacokinetic study in healthy postmenopausal patients shows that taking a standardized extract of spent hops containing prenylated phenols, as 59.5 mg twice daily for 2 weeks, does not affect levels of caffeine, a CYP1A2 probe substrate.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, hops extract might alter metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates; however, this effect may not be clinically significant.
Animal research suggests that specific constituents of hops, called lupulones, can induce hepatic CYP3A4 enzyme activity. However, a pharmacokinetic study in healthy postmenopausal patients with normal metabolism shows that taking a standardized extract of spent hops containing prenylated phenols, as 59.5 mg twice daily for 2 weeks, decreases the concentration of alprazolam, a CYP3A4 probe substrate, by 7.6%. This reduction is unlikely to be clinically relevant.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hops full monograph & interactions

Passion Flower3 drug types · 836 drugs

Cns Depressants

Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Research in animals and humans shows that passion flower has sedative effects which can be additive when used with sedative medications like lorazepam.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that passion flower can induce CYP3A4 enzymes, albeit to a much lower degree than rifampin, a known CYP3A4 inducer.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)

Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that the passion flower constituents apigenin and vitexin inhibit OATP2B1 and OATP1A2. This inhibition may be dose-dependent. One specific high-flavonoid passion flower extract (Valverde) seems to inhibit OATP2B1 and OATP1A2, while another extract with a lower flavonoid concentration (Arkocaps) shows less potent inhibition. OATPs are responsible for the uptake of drugs and other compounds into the body; however, the specific activities of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 are not well characterized.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Passion Flower full monograph & interactions

Lemon Balm2 drug types · 264 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, concomitant use of lemon balm might have additive effects with CNS depressant drugs.
Lemon balm seems to have CNS depressant activity in animals and in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, lemon balm might interfere with thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
In vitro, constituents of lemon balm extract bind to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), preventing TSH receptor-binding and leading to the inhibition of TSH-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. In animals, lemon balm extract has been shown to decrease levels of circulating TSH and inhibit thyroid secretion.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lemon Balm full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root, from the product label.

Rexall Sundown Naturalist

See all Rexall Sundown Naturalist products
Name
Rexall Sundown, Inc.
City
Boca Raton
State
FL
ZipCode
33487
Phone Number
1-888-848-2435
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root by Rexall Sundown Naturalist: Common Questions

Does Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root by Rexall Sundown Naturalist interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root has a known interaction with 971 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this make me drowsy?
Yes, drowsiness is common—it's one of the most reported side effects. Dizziness and mental slowness can also occur. Don't drive or operate machinery until you know how it affects you, and avoid alcohol because it can add to the drowsy effect.
Can I take this if I'm on a sleep aid or anti-anxiety medication?
Not without checking first. All four herbs in this blend can add to the sedative effects of these medications, potentially causing too much drowsiness or impaired coordination. Talk with your pharmacist or doctor before combining them.
Is it safe to take long-term?
The safety data for long-term use isn't well established. Short-term use is generally well tolerated, but if you've been taking it for a while and want to stop, taper your dose slowly to avoid withdrawal symptoms like anxiety or insomnia.
Does lemon balm in this formula actually help with stress?
Lemon balm is possibly effective for stress based on available evidence. It's also possibly effective for depression and for cold sores when applied topically, but the evidence is stronger for cold sores than for mood support.
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
No—safety data is insufficient or lacking for all four ingredients during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Valerian and passion flower should be avoided in pregnancy; none should be used while breastfeeding unless your doctor advises otherwise. Talk with your healthcare provider about whether this is right for you.
What are the side effects I should watch for?
Most common are dizziness, drowsiness, and mental slowness. Some people report headache, stomach upset, vivid dreams, or excitability. Rare cases of liver injury have been reported with multi-ingredient valerian products, though it's unclear whether valerian alone was the cause. If you experience unusual symptoms, stop and contact your doctor.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Valerian

Interacts with 902 drugs

Valerian is an herb whose root is widely used as a natural sleep aid and for calming nerves. The evidence is mixed and often weak, so it may help some people sleep but does not work reliably...

Read the full Valerian monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Hops

Interacts with 863 drugs

Hops are most often used for sleep and mild anxiety, frequently combined with valerian, but the human evidence is limited and not very strong. They are generally well tolerated when used sho...

Read the full Hops monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lemon Balm

Interacts with 264 drugs

Lemon balm is a gentle, lemon-scented mint-family herb traditionally used to ease stress, support sleep, and calm digestion, and topically for cold sores. Early studies are promising but gen...

Read the full Lemon Balm monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Passion Flower

Interacts with 836 drugs

Passion flower is a traditional calming herb that many people use for anxiety and sleep. Early studies hint it may help with mild anxiety and restlessness, but the evidence is limited and mo...

Read the full Passion Flower monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Natural Whole Herb Valerian Root's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 83 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Valerian 37 references
  1. Willey LB, Mady SP, Cobaugh DJ, Wax PM. Valerian overdose: a case report. Vet Hum Toxicol 1995;37:364-5.
  2. Kuhlmann J, Berger W, Podzuweit H, Schmidt U. The influence of valerian treatment on "reaction time, alertness and concentration" in volunteers. Pharmacopsychiatry 1999;32:235-41. PubMed
  3. Klepser TB, Klepser ME. Unsafe and potentially safe herbal therapies. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999;56:125-38. PubMed
  4. Houghton PJ. The scientific basis for the reputed activity of Valerian. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999;51:505-12. PubMed
  5. Garges HP, Varia I, Doraiswamy PM. Cardiac complications and delirium associated with Valerian root withdrawal. [Letter to the Editor]. JAMA 1998;280:1566-7. PubMed
  6. Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. PubMed
  7. MacGregor FB, Abernethy VE, Dahabra S, et al. Hepatotoxicity of herbal remedies. BMJ 1989;299:1156-7. PubMed
  8. Leathwood PD, Chauffard F. Aqueous extract of valerian reduces latency to fall asleep in man. Planta Med 1985;2:144-8. PubMed
  9. Hadley S, Petry JJ. Valerian. Am Fam Physician 2003;67:1755-8..
  10. Glass JR, Sproule BA, Herrmann N, et al. Acute pharmacological effects of temazepam, diphenhydramine, and valerian in healthy elderly subjects. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2003;23:260-8. PubMed
  11. Lefebvre T, Foster BC, Drouin CE, et al. In vitro activity of commercial valerian root extracts against human cytochrome P450 3A4. J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 2004;7:265-73.
  12. Yuan CS, Mehendale S, Xiao Y, et al. The gamma-aminobutyric acidergic effects of valerian and valerenic acid on rat brainstem neuronal activity. Anesth Analg 2004;98:353-8. PubMed
  13. Donovan JL, DeVane CL, Chavin KD, et al. Multiple night-time doses of valerian (Valeriana officinalis) had minimal effects on CYP3A4 activity and no effect on CYP2D6 activity in healthy volunteers. Drug Metab Dispos 2004;32:1333-6. PubMed
  14. Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo effects of goldenseal, kava kava, black cohosh, and valerian on human cytochrome P450 1A2, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4/5 phenotypes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005;77:415-26. PubMed
  15. Gutierrez S, Ang-Lee MK, Walker DJ, Zacny JP. Assessing subjective and psychomotor effects of the herbal medication valerian in healthy volunteers. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2004;78:57-64. PubMed
  16. Jacobs BP, Bent S, Tice JA, et al. An internet-based randomized, placebo-controlled trial of kava and valerian for anxiety and insomnia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2005;84:197-207. PubMed
  17. National Toxicology Program, US Department of Health and Human Services. Chemical Information Review Document for Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) [CAS No. 8057-49-6] and Oils [CAS No. 8008-88-6]. Supporting Nomination for Toxicological Evaluation by t
  18. Fernández-San-Martín MI, Masa-Font R, Palacios-Soler L, et al. Effectiveness of Valerian on insomnia: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Sleep Med. 2010 Jun;11:505-11. PubMed
  19. Coxeter PD, Schluter PJ, Eastwood HL, et al. Valerian does not appear to reduce symptoms for patients with chronic insomnia in general practice using a series of randomised n-of-1 trials. Complement Ther Med. 2003 Dec;11:215-22. PubMed
  20. Diaper A, Hindmarch I. A double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation of the effects of two doses of a valerian preparation on the sleep, cognitive and psychomotor function of sleep-disturbed older adults. Phytother Res. 2004 Oct;18:831-6. PubMed
  21. Cuellar NG, Ratcliffe SJ. Does valerian improve sleepiness and symptom severity in people with restless legs syndrome? Altern Ther Health Med 2009;15:22-8.
  22. Chen D, Klesmer J, Giovanniello A, et al. Mental status changes in an alcohol abuser taking valerian and gingko biloba. Am J Addict. 2002 Winter;11:75-7. PubMed
  23. Albrecht M, Berger W, Laux P, Schmidt U, et al. Psychopharmaka und Verkehrssicherheit. Der Einfluß von Euvegal® - Dragees forte auf die Fahrtüchtigkeit und Kombinationswirkungen mit Alkohol Z Allg Med 1995;71:1215-25.
  24. Carrasco MC, Vallejo JR, Pardo-de-Santayana M, et al. Interactions of Valeriana officinalis L. and Passiflora incarnata L. in a patient treated with lorazepam. Phytother Res. 2009 Dec;23:1795-6.
  25. Hellum BH, Nilsen OG. The in vitro inhibitory potential of trade herbal products on human CYP2D6-mediated metabolism and the influence of ethanol. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007 Nov;101:350-8.
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Hops 15 references
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Lemon Balm 12 references
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Passion Flower 19 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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