Proteo-Zyme Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by DC
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Proteo-Zyme against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Proteo-Zyme is a dietary supplement by DC with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for digestive support for protein digestion, wound cleaning (debridement of dead tissue), sore throat and inflammation.Based on those ingredients, 141 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Bromelain, Papain. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Proteo-Zyme by DC
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Proteo-Zyme by DC — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Proteo-Zyme by DC
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Proteo-Zyme contains 7 active ingredients, all digestive enzymes. Papain breaks down proteins and comes from papaya.
Bromelain is a similar protein-digesting enzyme from pineapple. Protease, chymotrypsin, and trypsin are also protease enzymes that help digest protein.
Lipase breaks down fats, and amylase breaks down carbohydrates. Pancreatin is a blend of these enzymes derived from animal pancreas.
These ingredients are supported by inactive fillers and binders including calcium carbonate, cellulose, stearic acid, silica, vanillin, and riboflavin.
Does it work?
Not established
The evidence for these ingredients is limited. Chymotrypsin shows effectiveness for cataracts according to available data.
The rest have insufficient evidence: papain, bromelain, protease, lipase, and trypsin lack reliable evidence to support their use for the conditions studied, including digestive issues, wound healing, and muscle soreness. This product isn't marketed for a specific condition in the facts provided, so it's hard to say whether it'll work for your reason for considering it.
Talk to your pharmacist about what you're hoping it'll do.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Most of these enzymes are generally well tolerated short-term when taken by mouth at normal doses. The main side effects you might see are digestive — diarrhea, gas, stomach upset, nausea, and heartburn — especially if enzymes are combined.
Some people have allergic reactions, including itchy eyes, runny nose, sneezing, or rash; rarely, anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction) has been reported with chymotrypsin. High doses of papain or breathing in enzyme dust at work can trigger respiratory allergic reactions.
For pregnancy, the data advises against papain and bromelain. Chymotrypsin and trypsin have not been studied enough in pregnancy to know if they're safe.
Protease, lipase, and pancreatin have insufficient safety data in pregnancy — talk with your doctor before using if you're pregnant. For breastfeeding, papain, bromelain, chymotrypsin, and trypsin are either not recommended or have limited safety information; protease and lipase also lack enough data.
Check with your pharmacist or doctor before nursing.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Check with your pharmacist if you take warfarin (Coumadin) or any blood thinner or antiplatelet drug — papain and bromelain both may increase bleeding risk or change how your medications work. If you're on tetracycline antibiotics, bromelain may raise their levels.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
If you take blood thinners like warfarin or other anticoagulants, check with your pharmacist first — papain and bromelain both carry documented risks. Even if you don't, run your full medication list through the tool on this page.
The enzymes are generally well tolerated short-term, but long-term data is limited.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 6 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 23, 2022.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Proteo-Zyme, straight from the product label.
| Brand | DC |
|---|---|
| Net contents | 90 Tablet(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Feb 23, 2022 |
| DSLD ID | 266626 |
| Product type | Non-nutrient/non-botanical |
| Supplement form | Tablet Or Pill |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating), Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Proteo-Zyme by DC, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Amylase | 0 NP | -- |
| Papain | 125 mg | -- |
| Bromelain | 250 mg | -- |
| Protease | 0 NP | -- |
| Lipase | 0 NP | -- |
| Chymotrypsin | 0 NP | -- |
| Trypsin | 75 mg | -- |
| Pancreatin | 100 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Calcium Carbonate, Vegetable Cellulose, Vegetable Stearic Acid, Silica, Vanillin, Riboflavin
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Directions: As a food enzyme dietary supplement, take 1 or 2 tablets two to four times a day.
Precautions
Tamper Evident: Do not use this product if imprinted foil seal under cap is broken or missing.
Caution: If you are pregnant or nursing do not take this product.
Keep out of reach of children.
Contains milk ingredients.
Formulation
FDA Registered Facility (Reg. #1023013) Mfg. under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs)
Conforms to USP <2091> for weight. Meets USP <2040> disintegration for maximum bioavailability.
Made in USA
Gluten free
Nutritionally supports digestive health
Storage
Keep tightly closed. Store at room temperature: 59 degrees - 86 degrees F (15 degrees to 30 degrees C).
FDA Disclaimer Statement
This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Seals/Symbols
Quali Pure
Formula
Proteolytic enzymes
FDA Statement of Identity
Food Enzyme Dietary Supplement
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Proteo-Zyme by DC label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Proteo-Zyme by DC
These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Papain
Interacts with2 drugs
Papain is a protein-digesting enzyme from the papaya plant that is used in digestive supplements and some topical products. While it has clear food an...
Papain monograph & interactionsBromelain
Interacts with141 drugs
Bromelain is a group of protein-digesting enzymes from pineapple that people take mainly for inflammation, swelling, and sinus problems. Some early st...
Bromelain monograph & interactionsChymotrypsin
No knowninteractions
Chymotrypsin is a protein-digesting (proteolytic) enzyme, usually taken from the pancreas of cattle or pigs, that is mainly used to help reduce swelli...
Chymotrypsin monograph & interactionsTrypsin
No knowninteractions
Trypsin is a protein-digesting enzyme usually taken from the pancreas of animals and used either by mouth (often combined with other enzymes like chym...
Trypsin monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Calcium Carbonate, Vegetable Cellulose, Vegetable Stearic Acid, Silica, Vanillin, Riboflavin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Proteo-Zyme by DC Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Proteo-Zyme by DC is a digestive enzyme blend with documented interactions affecting a moderate number of medications.
The most serious concern is papain, which can increase the effects and side effects of warfarin (a blood thinner used to prevent clots). One case report documented a patient previously stable on warfarin who developed dangerously high blood levels after taking a papain-containing supplement.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Bromelain, another enzyme in this product, may increase bleeding risk if you're taking anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs (blood thinners, aspirin, and similar medications). It can also theoretically increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics, though a study in healthy adults found no significant difference in blood levels.
Altogether, these interactions span 141 individual medications.
We couldn't check amylase, and protease, lipase, chymotrypsin, trypsin, and pancreatin have no documented interactions in our data. This doesn't mean they don't exist — it means we hold no data on them.
Run your exact medications through the checker below before you start.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Proteo-Zyme?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Proteo-Zyme interact with 141 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
2 of the 7 ingredients in Proteo-Zyme interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Bromelain Papain
Amphotericin, TetracyclineMysteclin-F
How Amphotericin, Tetracycline interacts with Proteo-Zyme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainTetracycline Antibiotics Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Bromelain + Amphotericin, Tetracycline interactionBismuth Subsalicylate, Metronidazole, TetracyclineHelidac
How Bismuth Subsalicylate, Metronidazole, Tetracycline interacts with Proteo-Zyme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainTetracycline Antibiotics Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Bromelain + Bismuth Subsalicylate, Metronidazole, Tetracycline interactionChlortetracyclineAureomycin
How Chlortetracycline interacts with Proteo-Zyme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainTetracycline Antibiotics Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Bromelain + Chlortetracycline interactionDemeclocyclineDeclomycin
How Demeclocycline interacts with Proteo-Zyme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainTetracycline Antibiotics Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Bromelain + Demeclocycline interactionDoripenemDoribax
How Doripenem interacts with Proteo-Zyme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainTetracycline Antibiotics Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Bromelain + Doripenem interactionDoxycyclineDoryx, Doxy, Doxy-D, Doxycin, Doxycycline Injection, Doxylin +6 more
How Doxycycline interacts with Proteo-Zyme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainTetracycline Antibiotics Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Bromelain + Doxycycline interactionDoxycycline HyclateActiclate, Acticlate Cap, Lymepak
How Doxycycline Hyclate interacts with Proteo-Zyme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainTetracycline Antibiotics Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Bromelain + Doxycycline Hyclate interactionDoxycycline MonohydrateErfacea
How Doxycycline Monohydrate interacts with Proteo-Zyme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainTetracycline Antibiotics Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Bromelain + Doxycycline Monohydrate interactionDoxycylineDoxychel
How Doxycyline interacts with Proteo-Zyme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainTetracycline Antibiotics Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Bromelain + Doxycyline interactionEravacyclineXerava
How Eravacycline interacts with Proteo-Zyme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainTetracycline Antibiotics Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Bromelain + Eravacycline interactionMetronidazole, Tetracyline, Bismuth Subcitrate PotassiumPylera
How Metronidazole, Tetracyline, Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium interacts with Proteo-Zyme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainTetracycline Antibiotics Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Bromelain + Metronidazole, Tetracyline, Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium interactionMinocycline HydrochlorideMinolira, Ximino
How Minocycline Hydrochloride interacts with Proteo-Zyme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainTetracycline Antibiotics Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Bromelain + Minocycline Hydrochloride interactionOmadacycline (iv)Nuzyra
How Omadacycline (iv) interacts with Proteo-Zyme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainTetracycline Antibiotics Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Bromelain + Omadacycline (iv) interactionOmadacycline (oral)Nuzyra
How Omadacycline (oral) interacts with Proteo-Zyme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainTetracycline Antibiotics Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Bromelain + Omadacycline (oral) interactionOxytetracyclineTerramycin
How Oxytetracycline interacts with Proteo-Zyme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainTetracycline Antibiotics Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Bromelain + Oxytetracycline interactionOxytetracycline, Phenazopyridine, SulfamethizoleUrobiotic
How Oxytetracycline, Phenazopyridine, Sulfamethizole interacts with Proteo-Zyme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainTetracycline Antibiotics Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Bromelain + Oxytetracycline, Phenazopyridine, Sulfamethizole interactionRetapamulinAltabax, Altargo
How Retapamulin interacts with Proteo-Zyme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainTetracycline Antibiotics Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Bromelain + Retapamulin interactionTetracyclineAchromycin, Achromycin V, Nor-Tet, Robitet, Sumycin, Sumycin 250 +6 more
How Tetracycline interacts with Proteo-Zyme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainTetracycline Antibiotics Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Bromelain + Tetracycline interactionTigecyclineTygacil
How Tigecycline interacts with Proteo-Zyme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainTetracycline Antibiotics Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Bromelain + Tigecycline interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Proteo-Zyme with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Bromelain
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
There is one case report of a patient experiencing minor bruising while taking bromelain with naproxen. Bromelain is thought to have antiplatelet activity. Whether this interaction is of concern with topical bromelain is unclear. Interference with coagulation of burn wounds has been reported in a patient receiving bromelain-based enzymatic debridement. However, observational research has found that topical bromelain debridement is not associated with increases or decreases in laboratory markers of coagulation when compared with surgical debridement.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Laboratory research suggests that bromelain might increase the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics. However, a study in healthy adults reported no difference in tetracycline plasma levels when a 500 mg dose was taken with or without bromelain 80 mg.
Papain
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, papain might increase the effects and side effects of warfarin.
In one case report, a patient previously stable on warfarin was found to have an international normalization ratio (INR) of 7.4, which was attributed to ingestion of a supplement containing papain from papaya extract.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Proteo-Zyme, from the product label.
DC
See all DC products- Name
- Dee Cee Laboratories, Inc.
- Street Address
- 304 Dee Cee Ct.
- City
- White House
- State
- TN
- ZipCode
- 37188
Proteo-Zyme by DC: Common Questions
Does Proteo-Zyme by DC interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
Is it safe while breastfeeding?
What side effects might I notice?
Does this actually work for digestion?
Why can't you check amylase for interactions?
Is this safe to take long-term?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Proteo-Zyme is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Proteo-Zyme’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Papain
Interacts with 2 drugsPapain is a protein-digesting enzyme from the papaya plant that is used in digestive supplements and some topical products. While it has clear food and laboratory uses, strong human evidence...
Read the full Papain monograph → Herb & supplement monographBromelain
Interacts with 141 drugsBromelain is a group of protein-digesting enzymes from pineapple that people take mainly for inflammation, swelling, and sinus problems. Some early studies are promising, but the overall evi...
Read the full Bromelain monograph → Herb & supplement monographChymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin is a protein-digesting (proteolytic) enzyme, usually taken from the pancreas of cattle or pigs, that is mainly used to help reduce swelling and support healing after injury or s...
Read the full Chymotrypsin monograph → Herb & supplement monographTrypsin
Trypsin is a protein-digesting enzyme usually taken from the pancreas of animals and used either by mouth (often combined with other enzymes like chymotrypsin and bromelain) for swelling and...
Read the full Trypsin monograph → Herb & supplement monographProteolytic Enzymes (proteases)
Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatin. Peo...
Read the full Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph → Herb & supplement monographLipase
Lipase is a digestive enzyme that helps your body break down dietary fats. It is well established as part of prescription pancreatic enzyme therapy for people who cannot make enough of their...
Read the full Lipase monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Proteo-Zyme's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 57 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Papain 11 references
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- Shaw D, Leon C, Kolev S, Murray V. Traditional remedies and food supplements: a 5-year toxicological study (1991-1995). Drug Saf 1997;17:342-56.
- Shuttleworth D, Hill S, Marks R, Connelly DM. Relief of experimentally induced pruritus with a novel eutectic mixture of local anaesthetic agents. Br J Dermatol 1988;119:535-40.
- Mansfield LE, Ting S, Haverly RW, Yoo TJ. The incidence and clinical implications of hypersensitivity to papain in an allergic population, confirmed by blinded oral challenge. Ann Allergy 1985;55:541-3.
- Martin, T., Uhder, K., Kurek, R., Roeddiger, S., Schneider, L., Vogt, H. G., Heyd, R., and Zamboglou, N. Does prophylactic treatment with proteolytic enzymes reduce acute toxicity of adjuvant pelvic irradiation? Results of a double-blind randomized trial PubMed
- Walker-Renard, P. Update on the medicinal management of phytobezoars. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88(10):1663-1666.
- Tymoszuk D, Wiszniewska M, Walusiak-Skorupa J. Papain-induced occupational rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma - A case report. Med Pr 2016;67(1):109-12. PubMed
- Soto-Mera MT, López-Rico MR, Filgueira JF, et al. Occupational allergy to papain. Allergy 2000;55(10):983-4. PubMed
- Tarlo SM, Shaikh W, Bell B, et al. Papain-induced allergic reactions. Clin Allergy 1978;8(3):207-15. PubMed
- Baur X, König G, Bencze K, Fruhmann G. Clinical symptoms and results of skin test, RAST and bronchial provocation test in thirty-three papain workers: Evidence for strong immunogenic potency and clinically relevant proteolytic e?ects of airborne papain. C
- Novey HS, Keenan WJ, Fairshter RD, Wells ID, Wilson AF, Culver BD. Pulmonary disease in workers exposed to papain: clinico-physiological and immunological studies. Clin Allergy 1980;10(6):721-31. PubMed
Bromelain 19 references
- Nettis E, Napoli G, Ferrannini A, Tursi A. IgE-mediated allergy to bromelain. Allergy 2001;56:257-8. PubMed
- Taussig SJ, Batkin S. Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update. J Ethnopharmacol 1988;22:191-203.. PubMed
- Bradbrook ID, Morrison PJ, Rogers HJ. The effect of bromelain on the absorption of orally administered tetracycline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1978;6:552-4. PubMed
- Bush TM, Rayburn KS, Holloway SW, et al. Adverse interactions between herbal and dietary substances and prescription medications: a clinical survey. Altern Ther Health Med 2007;13:30-5.
- Brien S, Lewith G, Walker AF, et al. Bromelain as an adjunctive treatment for moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. QJM 2006;99:841-50. PubMed
- Mori S, Ojima Y, Hirose T, et al. The clinical effect of proteolytic enzyme containing bromelain and trypsin on urinary tract infection evaluated by double blind method. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Jpn 1972;19:147-53.
- Glaser D, Hilberg T. The influence of bromelain on platelet count and platelet activity in vitro. Platelets 2006;17:37-41. PubMed
- Heinicke R M, van der Wal L, Yokoyama M. Effect of bromelain (Ananase) on human platelet aggregation. Experientia 1972;28:844-5. PubMed
- Gailhofer, G., Wilders-Truschnig, M., Smolle, J., and Ludvan, M. Asthma caused by bromelain: an occupational allergy. Clin Allergy 1988;18(5):445-450. PubMed
- Mattei, O., Fabri, G., and Farina, G. [Occupational health experience regarding four cases of asthma due to bromelain (author's transl)]. Medicina del Lavoro 1979;70(5):404-409.
- Galleguillos, F. and Rodriguez, J. C. Asthma caused by bromelin inhalation. Clin Allergy 1978;8(1):21-24. PubMed
- Perez-Camo I, Quirce S, Duran MA, and et al. Latex allergy: evidence of cross-reactivity with papain and bromelain [abstract]. Allergy 1996;51(suppl 31):48.
- Martin GJ, Ehrenreich J, and Asbell N. Bromelain: pineapple proteases with anti-edema activity. Exp Med Surg 1962;20:227-247.
- Kasemsuk T, Saengpetch N, Sibmooh N, Unchern S. Improved WOMAC score following 16-week treatment with bromelain for knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2016 Oct;35(10):2531-40. PubMed
- Kutlu Ö, DemirbaS A, Elmas ÖF, Güvenç U, Metin A. Fixed drug eruption: a new side effect of bromelain. Contact Dermatitis 2020. Online ahead of print. PubMed
- Shoham Y, Shapira E, Haik J, et al. Bromelain-based enzymatic debridement of chronic wounds: Results of a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Wound Repair Regen 2021;29(6):899-907. PubMed
- Pfister P, Garcia Wendel PD, Kim BS, et al. Coagulation side effects of enzymatic debridement in burned patients. Burns 2022. PubMed
- Hasham S, Riyat H, Fletcher A, O'Boyle CP, Alexander S. To bleed or not to bleed? Case series and discussion of haemorrhage risk with enzymatic debridement in burn injuries. Scars Burn Heal 2023;9:20595131231168333. PubMed
- Leelakanok N, Petchsomrit A, Janurai T, Saechan C, Sunsandee N. Efficacy and safety of bromelain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Health 2023. PubMed
Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) 3 references
- Weeks JA, Harper RA, Simon RA, Burdick JD. Assessment of sensitization risk of a laundry pre-spotter containing protease. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2011;30(4):272-9. PubMed
- Marquès LI, Lara S, Abós T, Bartolomé B. Occupational rhinitis due to pepsin. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006;16(2):136-7. DOI
- Cartier A, Malo JL, Pineau L, Dolovich J. Occupational asthma due to pepsin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1984;73(5 Pt 1):574-7. PubMed
See these in context on the Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph →
Lipase 1 reference
- Casper C, Hascoet JM, Ertl T, et al. Recombinant bile salt-stimulated lipase in preterm infant feeding: A randomized phase 3 study. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0156071. PubMed
Chymotrypsin 6 references
- Martindale W. Martindale the Extra Pharmacopoeia. Pharmaceutical Press, 1999.
- Dukes, MNG. Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs. 13th ed. Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1997.
- Latha B, Ramakrishnan M, Jayaraman V, Babu M. Serum enzymatic changes modulated using trypsin: chymotrypsin preparation during burn wounds in humans. Burns 1997;23:560-4. PubMed
- Shaw PC. The use of a trypsin-chymotrypsin formulation in fractures of the hand. Br J Clin Pract 1969;23:25-6. DOI
- McCue FC, Webster TM, Gieck J. Clinical effects of proteolytic enzymes after reconstructive hand surgery. Int Surg 1972;57:479-82.
- Sun HJ, Xiao JQ, Qiao QH, et al. Chymotrypsin with sialendoscopy-assisted surgery for the treatment of chronic obstructive parotitis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017;46(7):877-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.1267. PubMed
Trypsin 17 references
- Burnham TH, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons, Updated Monthly. Facts and Comparisons, St. Louis, MO.
- Latha B, Ramakrishnan M, Jayaraman V, Babu M. The efficacy of trypsin: chymotrypsin preparation in the reduction of oxidative damage during burn injury. Burns 1998;24:532-8. PubMed
- Latha B, Ramakrishnan M, Jayaraman V, Babu M. Serum enzymatic changes modulated using trypsin: chymotrypsin preparation during burn wounds in humans. Burns 1997;23:560-4. PubMed
- Klein, G., Kullich, W., Schnitker, J., and Schwann, H. Efficacy and tolerance of an oral enzyme combination in painful osteoarthritis of the hip. A double-blind, randomised study comparing oral enzymes with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clin Exp
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