Rue Flower Essence Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Rue Flower Essence against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Rue Flower Essence is a dietary supplement by Flower Essence Services with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for menstrual cramps, digestive upset, muscle spasms and pain.Based on those ingredients, 335 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are infusion (1:6000) of Ruta graveolens. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Rue Flower Essence by Flower Essence Services
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Rue Flower Essence by Flower Essence Services — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Rue Flower Essence by Flower Essence Services
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
This product contains one active ingredient: rue (Ruta graveolens), prepared as an infusion. The other ingredients are water and brandy, which serve as the liquid base.
Does it work?
Couldn't assess
The evidence we hold does not establish that rue works for any of the uses it's traditionally been linked to—abortion, cancer, contraception, indigestion, or insect repellent. All of these have insufficient reliable evidence to rate.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Rue in food amounts is generally well tolerated. The dried herb in medicinal doses seems to be generally well tolerated, though a full safety review hasn't been done.
Fresh rue is considered unsafe. The most common side effects from medicinal doses of the dried herb are cramping, drowsiness, depression, dizziness, stomach upset, and sleep problems.
Topically, rue can cause contact dermatitis and phototoxic skin reactions. At higher doses, rue can trigger uterine contractions and miscarriage, and very high doses can cause breathing problems.
Because rue has a history of being used to end pregnancy and may harm a fetus, it should be avoided during pregnancy. During breastfeeding, there isn't enough safety data—potentially toxic compounds may pass to the baby, so it should be avoided then too.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking this product, check your medications against photosensitizing drugs—drugs that make your skin more light-sensitive. A moderate interaction is documented that could increase your risk of a severe sunburn-like skin reaction if the two are combined.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no assessable stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
If you take any photosensitizing medications or have concerns about sun sensitivity, check with us before starting this product. Rue is not safe in pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Talk to your pharmacist about whether this is right for you, especially if you're on any prescription medication.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 26, 2014.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Rue Flower Essence, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Flower Essence Services |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 782932123681 |
| Net contents | 0.25 fl. Oz.; 7.5 mL |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Feb 26, 2014 |
| DSLD ID | 30470 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | No Claim |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Organic |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Rue Flower Essence by Flower Essence Services, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| infusion (1:6000) of Ruta graveolens | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: Water, brandy
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested use: four drops, four times daily
Seals/Symbols
FES Quintessentials(TM)
DEMETER
Formulation
100% organic ingredients Certified by Stellar Cert. Services
Brand IP Statement(s)
Demeter-certified Biodynamic(R)
General Statements
BEST BY 02/2021 110222
FDA Statement of Identity
herbal supplement
General
110222
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Rue Flower Essence by Flower Essence Services label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Rue Flower Essence by Flower Essence Services
This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.
Serving size4 Drop(s) Dosage formLiquid Amounts shown are per serving.
Infusion (1:6000) of Ruta graveolens
Interacts with335 drugs
Rue is a strong-smelling herb from southern Europe with a long history in folk medicine, but there is very little reliable human research to support i...
Infusion (1:6000) of Ruta graveolens monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Water, Brandy. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Rue Flower Essence by Flower Essence Services Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Rue Flower Essence by Flower Essence Services contains rue, which has one documented drug interaction in our data.
Rue contains compounds called furanocoumarins and psoralens that make your skin sensitive to light. If you use it alongside photosensitizing drugs—medications that increase your skin's reaction to sun exposure—there's a moderate risk that the combination could raise your chances of a severe sunburn-like reaction (phototoxicity).
There's even a case report of someone having a worse phototoxic response when rue was paired with a light-therapy treatment for psoriasis.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Although we have data on rue's interaction with photosensitizing drugs, we have not checked it against the full range of medications you might be taking. Altogether, these interactions span 334 individual medications.
If you're on any prescription drug—especially anything your doctor or pharmacist has flagged as increasing sun sensitivity—please use the medication checker on this page before you start.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Rue Flower Essence?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Rue Flower Essence interact with 335 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
1 of the 1 ingredient in Rue Flower Essence interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. infusion (1:6000) of Ruta graveolens
Amitriptyline, ChlordiazepoxideLimbitrol DS
How Amitriptyline, Chlordiazepoxide interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Amitriptyline, Chlordiazepoxide interactionAmitriptyline, PerphenazineEtrafon, Etrafon-A, Etrafon-Forte, Triavil
How Amitriptyline, Perphenazine interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Amitriptyline, Perphenazine interactionAmlodipine Besylate, BenazeprilLotrel
How Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interactionAmlodipine, CelecoxibConsensi
How Amlodipine, Celecoxib interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Amlodipine, Celecoxib interactionAmoxapineAsendin
How Amoxapine interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Amoxapine interactionAmphotericin, TetracyclineMysteclin-F
How Amphotericin, Tetracycline interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Amphotericin, Tetracycline interactionAripiprazoleAbilify, Abilify Maintena, Abilify Mycite
How Aripiprazole interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Aripiprazole interactionAripiprazole LauroxilAristada, Aristada Initio Kit
How Aripiprazole Lauroxil interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Aripiprazole Lauroxil interactionAspirin, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineAlka-Seltzer Plus Cold
How Aspirin, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Aspirin, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAspirin, Diphenhydramine, PhenylpropanolamineAlka Seltzer Plus Night Time Effervescent
How Aspirin, Diphenhydramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Aspirin, Diphenhydramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAtenolol, ChlortalidoneAtenixCo, Tenoret 50, Totaretic
How Atenolol, Chlortalidone interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionAtenolol, ChlorthalidoneTenoretic
How Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionAtropine, Chlorpheniramine, Hyoscyamine, Phenylephrine, Phenylpropanolamine, ScopolamineAtrohist Plus, Pro Tuss, Ru-tuss, Stahist
How Atropine, Chlorpheniramine, Hyoscyamine, Phenylephrine, Phenylpropanolamine, Scopolamine interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Atropine, Chlorpheniramine, Hyoscyamine, Phenylephrine, Phenylpropanolamine, Scopolamine interactionAuranofinRidaura
How Auranofin interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Auranofin interactionAzatadineOptimine
How Azatadine interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Azatadine interactionAzatadine, PseudoephedrineTrinalin
How Azatadine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Azatadine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAzilsartan, ChlorthalidoneEdarbyclor
How Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionAzithromycinAzasite, Zithromax, Zmax
How Azithromycin interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Azithromycin interactionBelladonna Alkaloids, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, PhenylpropanolamineRespa ARM
How Belladonna Alkaloids, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Belladonna Alkaloids, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBenazeprilLotensin
How Benazepril interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Benazepril interactionBenazepril, HydrochlorothiazideLotensin HCT
How Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionBendroflumethiazideAprinox, Naturetin, Neo-NaClex
How Bendroflumethiazide interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Bendroflumethiazide interactionBendroflumethiazide, NadololCorzide
How Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionBendroflumethiazide, PotassiumCentyl K, Neo-NaClex-K
How Bendroflumethiazide, Potassium interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Bendroflumethiazide, Potassium interactionBendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia SerpentinaRauzide
How Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia Serpentina interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia Serpentina interactionBenzthiazideExna
How Benzthiazide interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Benzthiazide interactionBismuth Subsalicylate, Metronidazole, TetracyclineHelidac
How Bismuth Subsalicylate, Metronidazole, Tetracycline interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Bismuth Subsalicylate, Metronidazole, Tetracycline interactionBisoprolol, HydrochlorothiazideZiac
How Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionBromodiphenhydramineAmbodryl
How Bromodiphenhydramine interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Bromodiphenhydramine interactionBrompheniramineDimetane, Lodrane
How Brompheniramine interacts with Rue Flower Essence — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta GraveolensPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Infusion (1:6000) Of Ruta Graveolens + Brompheniramine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Rue Flower Essence with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
infusion (1:6000) of Ruta graveolens
Photosensitizing Drugs
Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.
Rue contains photosensitizing furanocoumarins and psoralens and has been associated with multiple reports of phototoxic reactions. There is also one case report of an increased phototoxic response to psoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy associated with ingestion of rue.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Rue Flower Essence, from the product label.
Rue Flower Essence by Flower Essence Services: Common Questions
Does Rue Flower Essence by Flower Essence Services interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Can I take this while pregnant or nursing?
What's in this product?
Are there any side effects?
Does rue actually work for the conditions it's traditionally used for?
What's the main interaction I need to watch for?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Rue Flower Essence is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Rue Flower Essence’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sources & How We Checked
Rue Flower Essence's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 8 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Rue 8 references
- Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Puig L. Pharmacodynamic interaction with phototoxic plants during PUVA therapy. Br J Dermatol 1997;136:973-4. PubMed
- Radotra I, Gardiner S, Barnes D. A phytophototoxic injury at a burns unit: the ungraceful after-effects of the "common rue" plant. J Burn Care Res. 2018;39(6):1064-6. PubMed
- Avallone G, Mastorino L, Agostini A, et al. Ruta graveolens phytophotodermatitis. Dermatol Online J 2021;27(7). PubMed
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC