Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 5 of 9 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Alpha Lion

Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear is a dietary supplement by Alpha Lion with 9 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for high homocysteine levels, liver health (fatty liver), exercise performance and strength.Based on those ingredients, 1,094 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Alfabin, Huperzia serrata Whole Extract, L-Tyrosine. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear by Alpha Lion

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear by Alpha Lion — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear by Alpha Lion

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 7 of its 11 active ingredients.
  • “SXT Energy System” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (370 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Superhuman Performance Matrix” is a proprietary blend — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “Superhuman Extreme Energy & Focus Matrix” is a proprietary blend — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

This powder contains 11 ingredients, of which several are active compounds. Caffeine appears twice in different forms—regular anhydrous caffeine and two extended-release versions (ZumXR)—for sustained energy and mental alertness.

Huperzine A is included for potential cognitive support, L-Tyrosine as a precursor to neurotransmitters and thyroid hormone, Betaine Anhydrous to support performance and reduce homocysteine, Beta-alanine to buffer muscle fatigue during exercise, and Alfabin (rauwolscine) as a stimulant. The remaining active-ingredient blends—Pump & Absorption Matrix, SantEnergy Nu, SXT Energy System, Superhuman Performance Matrix, Superhuman Extreme Energy & Focus Matrix, and Huperzia serrata Whole Extract—are proprietary combinations we cannot fully assess from the label.

The product also contains inactive ingredients: malic acid, silicon dioxide, natural and artificial flavors, sucralose, acesulfame potassium, and food colorants FD&C Blue #1 and FD&C Yellow #5.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: extreme energy pre-workout formula.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Physical performance, Exercise-induced muscle breakdown, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Mental alertness, Fatigue — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Caffeine is rated "Likely Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Caffeine is rated "Likely Effective" for Mental alertness.
  • Also on file: Tyrosine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Cognitive function.

Caffeine in this product is well established for mental alertness and athletic performance (Likely Effective) and for treating certain types of newborn apnea and postoperative headache (Effective). Huperzine A shows Possibly Effective evidence for Alzheimer disease but insufficient evidence for cognitive impairment, memory, depression, and vascular dementia.

L-Tyrosine is Effective for PKU and Possibly Effective for cognitive function and memory, though Possibly Ineffective for athletic performance. Beta-alanine is Possibly Effective for athletic and physical performance but lacks reliable evidence for cognitive decline, COPD, cognitive function, and menopausal symptoms.

Betaine Anhydrous is Effective for homocystinuria and Possibly Effective for high homocysteine but has insufficient evidence for fatty liver disease, colorectal adenoma, depression, and acid reflux. Rauwolscine (Alfabin) lacks reliable evidence for athletic performance, obesity, or sexual function.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Betaine Anhydrous Beta-alanine Tyrosine Toothed Clubmoss Rauwolscine

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 6 of the 6 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 6 of 6.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 6 of 6.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Caffeine in moderate doses is generally well tolerated, but high amounts carry serious risks and may be linked to pregnancy complications—ask your doctor about safe limits. Small amounts pass into breast milk; moderate intake is usually considered acceptable but can affect the baby.

Common side effects include anxiety, dependence with chronic use, diarrhea, headache, insomnia, tremors, nausea, and restlessness. Rarely, stroke has been reported.

Huperzine A is a pharmacologically active compound requiring medical guidance; it's best avoided in pregnancy and while breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data. It commonly causes dose-dependent cholinergic side effects: blurred vision, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, dry mouth, insomnia, nausea, sweating, and vomiting.

It may also lower heart rate. L-Tyrosine is generally well tolerated in healthy adults but not well studied in pregnancy or breastfeeding; common side effects include fatigue, headache, heartburn, and nausea.

Beta-alanine is generally well tolerated but commonly causes harmless skin tingling and flushing, especially on the scalp, and lacks long-term high-dose safety data; avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Betaine Anhydrous is generally well tolerated but can cause body odor, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and GI distress; avoid in pregnancy and use caution while breastfeeding.

Rauwolscine (Alfabin) is a potent stimulant with limited human safety data that can affect heart rate and blood pressure; avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Betaine Anhydrous Beta-alanine Tyrosine Toothed Clubmoss Rauwolscine

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 6 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Huperzine A, Caffeine, Tyrosine, Rauwolscine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; seizure medications; diabetes medications; lithium; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 1,094 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your pharmacist if you're on ephedrine or ephedra supplements (Major risk of dangerous stimulant side effects). Check all seizure medications, psychiatric drugs like clozapine, blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs, sleep aids, heart medications including calcium channel blockers and dipyridamole, clonidine for blood pressure, levodopa for Parkinson's, thyroid hormones, quinolone antibiotics, cimetidine for ulcers, or any stimulant medications.

Altogether, these interactions span 1,091 individual medications.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This is a heavily caffeinated, multi-ingredient stimulant product designed for people seeking energy and athletic performance who have no heart conditions, aren't taking seizure or psychiatric medications, and aren't sensitive to high caffeine doses. If you're on any prescription medication—especially heart drugs, seizure meds, antipsychotics, blood thinners, or antibiotics—you must check your exact drugs before using this product.

Talk to your pharmacist or doctor, especially if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or have high blood pressure or heart issues.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 8 of 11 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 22, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear, straight from the product label.

Brand Alpha Lion
Net contents 11.48 Ounce(s); 325.5 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Mar 22, 2023
DSLD ID 288562
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear by Alpha Lion, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
7.75 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
15.5 Gram(s)
Servings per container
21
IngredientAmount% DV
Caffeine Anhydrous0 NP, 0 NP--
Huperzine A200 mcg, 100 mcg--
Betaine Anhydrous2500 mg, 1250 mg--
L-Tyrosine1000 mg, 500 mg--
Beta Alanine3200 mg, 1600 mg--
Methylliberine50 mg--
ZumXR extended-release Caffeine0 NP, 0 NP--
zumXR Delayed-Release Caffeine0 NP, 0 NP--
Superhuman Pump & Absorption Matrix0 NP--
SantEnergy Nu400 mg, 200 mg--
SXT Energy System370 mg, 185 mg--
Superhuman Performance Matrix0 NP, 0 NP--
Superhuman Extreme Energy & Focus Matrix0 NP, 0 NP--
Huperzia serrata Whole Extract20 mg, 10 mg--
Alfabin1 mg, 0.5 mg--

Other ingredients: Malic Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Natural and Artificial flavors, Sucralose, Acesulfame Potassium, FD&C Blue #1, FD&C Yellow #5

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)

Alpha Lion Be Superhuman

Formulation

Extreme energy pre-workout formula

Formula

Sour Gummy Bear natural and artificial flavors

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear by Alpha Lion label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear by Alpha Lion

These are the 9 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size7.75 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container21 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Superhuman Pump & Absorption Matrix

0 NP per serving

Superhuman Performance Matrix

0 NP per serving

Superhuman Extreme Energy & Focus Matrix

0 NP per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Malic Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Natural and Artificial flavors, Sucralose, Acesulfame Potassium, FD&C Blue #1, FD&C Yellow #5. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear by Alpha Lion Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,094Drugs
8 Major 952 Moderate 134 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Alfabin 677
Huperzia serrata Whole Extract 219
L-Tyrosine 21

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear interact with 1,094 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 9 ingredients in Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Alfabin Huperzia serrata Whole Extract L-Tyrosine

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Alfabin6 drug types · 677 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, rauwolscine may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Rauwolscine is structurally related to yohimbine. In vitro research shows that yohimbine inhibits platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Calcium Channel Blockers

Theoretically, rauwolscine may have additive coronary vasodilatory effects if used with calcium channel blockers.
In vitro, rauwolscine inhibits calcium influx in aortic smooth muscle cells.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Clonidine (Catapres)

Theoretically, rauwolscine may inhibit the effects of clonidine.
In animal research, rauwolscine antagonized the effects of clonidine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, rauwolscine might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Rauwolscine is structurally related to yohimbine. In vitro research shows that yohimbine inhibits CYP2D6 enzyme activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs

Theoretically, taking rauwolscine with seizure threshold lowering drugs might increase the risk of adverse convulsant effects.
In animal research, intraperitoneal rauwolscine lowered the seizure threshold level of the drug metrazol.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Stimulant Drugs

Theoretically, taking rauwolscine with stimulant drugs might increase the risk of adverse stimulant effects.
Rauwolscine has demonstrated stimulant effects in animal research.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Alfabin full monograph & interactions

Huperzia serrata Whole Extract2 drug types · 219 drugs

Anticholinergic Drugs

In animal models, toothed clubmoss and huperzine A, an active constituent of toothed clubmoss, reversed cognitive deficits induced by scopolamine. Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and toothed clubmoss might decrease the effectiveness of toothed clubmoss or the anticholinergic drug.
Some anticholinergic drugs include atropine, benztropine (Cogentin), biperiden (Akineton), procyclidine (Kemadrin), and trihexyphenidyl (Artane).

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cholinergic Drugs

Huperzine A, a constituent of toothed clubmoss, has demonstrated acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties. Theoretically, concurrent use of toothed clubmoss with cholinergic drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of cholinergic side effects.
Cholinergic drugs include bethanechol (Urecholine), donepezil (Aricept), echothiophate (Phospholine Iodide), edrophonium (Enlon, Reversol, Tensilon), neostigmine (Prostigmin), physostigmine (Antilirium), pyridostigmine (Mestinon, Regonol), succinylcholine (Anectine, Quelicin), and tacrine (Cognex).

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Huperzia serrata Whole Extract full monograph & interactions

L-Tyrosine2 drug types · 21 drugs

Levodopa

Theoretically, tyrosine might decrease the effectiveness of levodopa.
Tyrosine and levodopa compete for absorption in the proximal duodenum by the large neutral amino acid (LNAA) transport system. Advise patients to separate doses of tyrosine and levodopa by at least 2 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, tyrosine might have additive effects with thyroid hormone medications.
Tyrosine is a precursor to thyroxine and might increase levels of thyroid hormones.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
L-Tyrosine full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear, from the product label.

Alpha Lion

See all Alpha Lion products
Name
Alpha Lion
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear by Alpha Lion: Common Questions

Does Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear by Alpha Lion interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear has a known interaction with 1,094 medications, including 8 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear contains 9 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to take while pregnant?
The data advises against it. Caffeine at high amounts may be linked to pregnancy risks, and huperzine A, beta-alanine, rauwolscine, and L-tyrosine all lack sufficient safety data in pregnancy. Talk with your doctor for personalized guidance.
Can I take this while breastfeeding?
Small amounts of caffeine pass into breast milk and moderate intake is usually considered acceptable, but it can affect the baby. Huperzine A, beta-alanine, and rauwolscine should be avoided; L-tyrosine, betaine, and caffeine have safety concerns. Discuss with your doctor or pharmacist.
What's the tingling sensation I'm getting?
That's likely from beta-alanine—it commonly causes dose-dependent pins-and-needles (paresthesias) and skin flushing, usually starting on the scalp within 20 minutes and lasting about an hour. This is harmless but can be severe at higher doses.
Does this actually improve athletic performance?
Caffeine and beta-alanine are both Likely or Possibly Effective for athletic performance based on research. L-tyrosine, however, is Possibly Ineffective for athletic performance. The proprietary blends' contributions aren't established in our data.
Will this help my memory or focus?
Caffeine is Likely Effective for mental alertness, and L-tyrosine is Possibly Effective for cognitive function and memory. Huperzine A lacks reliable evidence for memory or general cognitive function. The full effect depends on your individual response and which ingredient matters most to you.
Why does the product list caffeine three different ways?
It contains caffeine anhydrous (regular form), ZumXR extended-release caffeine, and zumXR delayed-release caffeine—different forms designed to deliver energy at different times for a prolonged effect throughout your workout or day.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Betaine Anhydrous

Betaine anhydrous (also called trimethylglycine) is a compound found in foods like beets, spinach, and whole grains, and is sold as a supplement and as a prescription medicine for a rare gen...

Read the full Betaine Anhydrous monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Beta-alanine

Beta-alanine is an amino acid taken mostly by athletes to raise muscle carnosine, which may help buffer acid and reduce fatigue during short, high-intensity exercise. The evidence is moderat...

Read the full Beta-alanine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Tyrosine

Interacts with 21 drugs

L-tyrosine is an amino acid your body uses to make brain chemicals like dopamine and norepinephrine. Some studies suggest it may help mental performance during short-term stress, sleep loss,...

Read the full Tyrosine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Toothed Clubmoss

Interacts with 219 drugs

Toothed Clubmoss is a moss-like plant best known as the natural source of huperzine A, a compound studied mainly for memory and Alzheimer's disease. Some early research is promising, but the...

Read the full Toothed Clubmoss monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Rauwolscine

Interacts with 677 drugs

Rauwolscine (alpha-yohimbine) is a stimulant alkaloid closely related to yohimbine that is marketed mainly in fat-burning and pre-workout supplements. Human evidence for its benefits is very...

Read the full Rauwolscine monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Superhuman Extreme Hulk Juice Sour Gummy Bear's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 308 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Caffeine 236 references
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  2. Harder S, Fuhr U, Staib AH, Wolff T. Ciprofloxacin-caffeine: a drug interaction established using in vivo and in vitro investigations. Am J Med 1989;87:89S-91S. PubMed
  3. Carbo M, Segura J, De la Torre R, et al. Effect of quinolones on caffeine disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989;45:234-40. PubMed
  4. Healy DP, Polk RE, Kanawati L, et al. Interaction between oral ciprofloxacin and caffeine in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:474-8. PubMed
  5. Mester R, Toren P, Mizrachi I, et al. Caffeine withdrawal increases lithium blood levels. Biol Psychiatry 1995;37:348-50. PubMed
  6. Jefferson JW. Lithium tremor and caffeine intake: two cases of drinking less and shaking more. J Clin Psychiatry 1988;49:72-3.
  7. Joeres R, Klinker H, Heusler H, et al. Influence of mexiletine on caffeine elimination. Pharmacol Ther 1987;33:163-9. PubMed
  8. Vahedi K, Domingo V, Amarenco P, Bousser MG. Ischemic stroke in a sportsman who consumed MaHuang extract and creatine monohydrate for bodybuilding. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2000;68:112-3.
  9. Wakabayashi K, Kono S, Shinchi K, et al. Habitual coffee consumption and blood pressure: A study of self-defense officials in Japan. Eur J Epidemiol 1998;14:669-73. PubMed
  10. Hodgson JM, Puddey IB, Burke V, et al. Effects on blood pressure of drinking green and black tea. J Hypertens 1999;17:457-63. PubMed
  11. Rapuri PB, Gallagher JC, Kinyamu HK, Ryschon KL. Caffeine intake increases the rate of bone loss in elderly women and interacts with vitamin D receptor genotypes. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:694-700. PubMed
  12. The National Toxicology Program (NTP). Caffeine. Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR). Available at: http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov/common/caffeine.html.
  13. Klebanoff MA, Levine RJ, DerSimonian R, et al. Maternal serum paraxanthine, a caffeine metabolite, and the risk of spontaneous abortion. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1639-44. PubMed
  14. Eskenazi B. Caffeine—filtering the facts. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1688-9. PubMed
  15. Fernandes O, Sabharwal M, Smiley T, et al. Moderate to heavy caffeine consumption during pregnancy and relationship to spontaneous abortion and abnormal fetal growth: a meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol 1998;12:435-44. PubMed
  16. Pollock BG, Wylie M, Stack JA, et al. Inhibition of caffeine metabolism by estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. J Clin Pharmacol 1999;39:936-40. PubMed
  17. Nurminen ML, Niittynen L, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H. Coffee, caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53:831-9. PubMed
  18. Dews PB, Curtis GL, Hanford KJ, O'Brien CP. The frequency of caffeine withdrawal in a population-based survey and in a controlled, blinded pilot experiment. J Clin Pharmacol 1999;39:1221-32. PubMed
  19. FDA. Proposed rule: dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids. Available at: www.verity.fda.gov (Accessed 25 January 2000).
  20. Briggs GB, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998.
  21. Hagg S, Spigset O, Mjorndal T, Dahlqvist R. Effect of caffeine on clozapine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000;49:59-63. PubMed
  22. Tobias JD. Caffeine in the treatment of apnea associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in neonates and infants. South Med J 2000;93:297-304. DOI
  23. Watson JM, Jenkins EJ, Hamilton P, et al. Influence of caffeine on the frequency and perception of hypoglycemia in free-living patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000;23:455-9. PubMed
  24. Lloyd T, Johnson-Rollings N, Eggli DF, et al. Bone status among postmenopausal women with different habitual caffeine intakes: a longitudinal investigation. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:256-61. PubMed
  25. American Academy of Pediatrics. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 2001;108:776-89. PubMed
  26. Sinclair CJ, Geiger JD. Caffeine use in sports. A pharmacological review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2000;40:71-9.
  27. Haller CA, Benowitz NL. Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1833-8. PubMed
  28. Ali M, Afzal M. A potent inhibitor of thrombin stimulated platelet thromboxane formation from unprocessed tea. Prostaglandins Leukot Med 1987;27:9-13. PubMed
  29. Ardlie NG, Glew G, Schultz BG, Schwartz CJ. Inhibition and reversal of platelet aggregation by methyl xanthines. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1967;18:670-3. DOI
  30. Ferrini RL, Barrett-Connor E. Caffeine intake and endogenous sex steroid levels in postmenopausal women. The Rancho Bernardo Study. Am J Epidemiol 1996:144:642-4. PubMed
  31. Avisar R, Avisar E, Weinberger D. Effect of coffee consumption on intraocular pressure. Ann Pharmacother 2002;36:992-5.. PubMed
  32. Bell DG, Jacobs I, Ellerington K. Effect of caffeine and ephedrine ingestion on anaerobic exercise performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33:1399-403. PubMed
  33. Horner NK, Lampe JW. Potential mechanisms of diet therapy for fibrocystic breast conditions show inadequate evidence of effectiveness. J Am Diet Assoc 2000;100:1368-80. PubMed
  34. Bracken MB, Triche EW, Belanger K, et al. Association of maternal caffeine consumption with decrements in fetal growth. Am J Epidemiol 2003;157:456-66.. PubMed
  35. McGowan JD, Altman RE, Kanto WP Jr. Neonatal withdrawal symptoms after chronic maternal ingestion of caffeine. South Med J 1988;81:1092-4.. PubMed
  36. Massey LK. Is caffeine a risk factor for bone loss in the elderly? Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:569-70. PubMed
  37. Dreher HM. The effect of caffeine reduction on sleep quality and well-being in persons with HIV. J Psychosom Res 2003;54:191-8.. PubMed
  38. Kockler DR, McCarthy MW, Lawson CL. Seizure activity and unresponsiveness after hydroxycut ingestion. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:647-51.. PubMed
  39. Schechter MD, Timmons GD. Objectively measured hyperactivity--II. Caffeine and amphetamine effects. J Clin Pharmacol 1985;25:276-80.. PubMed
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See these in context on the Rauwolscine monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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