Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 5 of 6 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3 Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Douglas Laboratories

Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3 label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Fat/fatty Acid
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3 against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3 is a dietary supplement by Douglas Laboratories with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for brain and cognitive health, eye and vision health, fetal and infant development.Based on those ingredients, 408 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Sodium, Oleic Acid. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3 by Douglas Laboratories

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3 by Douglas Laboratories — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3 by Douglas Laboratories

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 9 of its 10 active ingredients.
  • “Omega-3 Fatty Acids” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “Omega-6 Fatty Acids” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “Omega-9 Fatty Acids” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

This product has 10 active ingredients: a blend of omega-3 and omega-6 and omega-9 fatty acids (including eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid), polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, sodium, and xylitol. The omega fatty acids are the main players — they're the essential fats your body can't make on its own.

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol used as a sweetener. The inactive ingredients are a vegetarian oil blend, water, glycerine, and various stabilizers and thickeners (gum arabic, xanthan gum, guar gum), plus natural flavors, vegetable juice, citric acid, sorbic acid, and ascorbyl palmitate as a preservative.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Heart and cholesterol health.
  • We looked for evidence on: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Coronary heart disease (CHD), Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension, Congestive heart failure — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Oleic Acid is rated "Possibly Effective" for Coronary heart disease (CHD) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Oleic Acid is rated "Possibly Effective" for Hypercholesterolemia.
  • Also on file: Sodium is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Congestive heart failure.

The evidence for this product's benefits is mixed. Sodium is likely effective for cystic fibrosis and possibly effective for amphotericin B nephrotoxicity (a type of kidney damage).

For bipolar disorder and congestive heart failure, there isn't enough reliable evidence to rate sodium. Oleic acid is possibly effective for high cholesterol and coronary heart disease.

Xylitol is likely effective for preventing cavities and possibly effective for ear infections, but evidence is insufficient for gulf war syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and dry mouth. For most of the other fatty acids in this blend, we don't have effectiveness ratings on file.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) Sodium Omega-6 Fatty Acids Oleic Acid Xylitol

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sodium is generally well tolerated at normal dietary amounts — the concern arises with excess intake or supplementation. High sodium is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain, and in rare cases can worsen cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, or hypertension.

High sodium intake is also associated with increased risk of gastric cancer in population studies. Xylitol is generally well tolerated in food amounts but can cause digestive upset (diarrhea, flatulence, bloating) at high doses of 30–40 grams.

Rare allergic reactions to xylitol have been reported, including one case of anaphylaxis in a young child. For pregnancy and lactation, sodium is rated likely safe but possibly unsafe — talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

Xylitol and oleic acid have insufficient data on file for pregnancy and lactation safety.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) Sodium Omega-6 Fatty Acids Oleic Acid Xylitol

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Sodium, Oleic Acid.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 291 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you take this product, double-check with your pharmacist if you're on blood pressure medications (antihypertensives), lithium, diabetes medications, corticosteroids, didanosine, sodium phosphates, tolvaptan, or any other sodium-containing drugs — all are rated Moderate severity. The sodium in this product can interfere with how these work or raise your sodium to unsafe levels.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This omega-3 blend may be worth considering if you're looking to support heart health, but sodium content is a real factor — especially if you take blood pressure meds, lithium, diabetes medications, or corticosteroids. Check your exact medications with the tool on this page before starting.

Talk with your pharmacist, particularly if you manage blood pressure, blood sugar, or take any psychiatric medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 10 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jan 25, 2012.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3, straight from the product label.

Brand Douglas Laboratories
Barcode (UPC) 310539036358
Net contents 16 oz.; 454 g
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jan 25, 2012
DSLD ID 5067
Product type Fat/fatty Acid
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other
Intended target group(s) Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3 by Douglas Laboratories, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Tbsp
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Tbsp
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
310539036358
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories70 {Calories}--
Total Carbohydrates5 g2%
Sugar0 g--
Calories from Fat50 {Calories}--
Omega-3 Fatty Acids0 NP--
Eicosapentaenoic Acid4 mg--
Docosahexaenoic Acid130 mg--
Saturated Fat0.5 g2%
Polyunsaturated Fat3.5 g--
Sodium0 mg--
Trans Fat0 g--
Cholesterol0 mg--
Gamma-Linolenic Acid510 mg--
Omega-6 Fatty Acids0 NP--
Omega-9 Fatty Acids0 NP--
Monounsaturated Fat1 g--
Xylitol3 g--
Linoleic Acid1370 mg--
Oleic Acid890 mg--
Alpha-Linolenic Acid1490 mg--
Total Fat5 g8%

Other ingredients: Vegetarian Oil Blend, Water, Glycerine, Gum Arabic, Natural Flavors, Vegetable juice, Citric Acid, Xanthan Gum, Guar Gum, Sorbic Acid, Ascorbyl Palmitate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity

A Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Shake well prior to dispensing.

Suggested Usage: As a dietary supplement, adults take 1 Tablespoon daily or as directred by your healthcare professional.

Precautions

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

DO NOT GIVE TO PETS

Tamper resistant package, do not use if outer seal is missing.

Storage

For optimal storage conditions, store unopened bottle in a cool, dry place. (59(0)-77(0)F/15(0)-25(0)C)(35-65% relative humidity)

REFRIGERATE AFTER OPENING

Formula

Delicious Pomegranate/Blueberry Flavor With Organic Flaxseed Oil, Pure Borage Oil and Plant-Based DHA

General

Formula #57414

General Statements

Net WT.

Formulation

This product does not contain yeast, wheat gluten, soy protein, milk/dairy, corn, sugar starch, artificial coloring, artificial preservatives or artificial flavoring.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3 by Douglas Laboratories label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3 label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3 by Douglas Laboratories

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Tbsp Dosage formLiquid Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sugar

0 g per serving

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Interacts with
375 drugs
0 NP per serving

DHA is an omega-3 fatty acid found in fatty fish and algae that is a building block for the brain, nervous system, and eyes. It is widely used and gen...

Omega-3 Fatty Acids monograph & interactions
  • › Eicosapentaenoic Acid
  • › Docosahexaenoic Acid
  • › Alpha-Linolenic Acid

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
0 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Omega-6 Fatty Acids

No known
interactions
0 NP per serving

Omega-6 fatty acids are essential fats your body needs but cannot make on its own, and most people get plenty from everyday foods like vegetable oils,...

Omega-6 Fatty Acids monograph & interactions
  • › Gamma-Linolenic Acid
  • › Linoleic Acid

Omega-9 Fatty Acids

0 NP per serving

Xylitol

No known
interactions
3 g per serving

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol used as a low-calorie sweetener that has the best-supported benefit for reducing cavities, especially in chewing gum or loz...

Xylitol monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Vegetarian Oil Blend, Water, Glycerine, Gum Arabic, Natural Flavors, Vegetable juice, Citric Acid, Xanthan Gum, Guar Gum, Sorbic Acid, Ascorbyl Palmitate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3 by Douglas Laboratories Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
408Drugs
408 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Omega-3 Fatty Acids 375
Sodium 205
Oleic Acid 86

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3 interact with 408 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 6 ingredients in Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3 interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Sodium Oleic Acid

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3 with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids3 drug types · 375 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, DHA may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Although some clinical evidence suggests that DHA might reduce collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation and thromboxane release, most clinical evidence suggests that DHA alone does not affect blood clotting. However, theoretically, when given in combination with EPA as fish oil, concomitant use with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs (including aspirin) might increase risk of bleeding.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antidiabetes drugs might reduce the effects of these medications.
In people with type 2 diabetes, including those taking oral hypoglycemic medications, DHA seems to increase fasting blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Fish oils containing DHA can lower blood pressure and might have additive effects in patients treated with antihypertensives; use with caution.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Omega-3 Fatty Acids full monograph & interactions

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions

Oleic Acid1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, oleic acid might increase the effects of antidiabetes drugs. Preliminary clinical research in patients with type 2 diabetes taking oral hypoglycemic drugs shows that eating a diet rich in oleic acid from olive oil decreases fasting blood glucose levels when compared to eating a diet rich in linoleic acid from sunflower oil. It is unknown if taking oleic acid supplements would have this effect or if this change is clinically significant. Until more is known, use caution. Dose adjustment may be necessary. Some antidiabetes drugs include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, metformin (Glucophage), pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Oleic Acid full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3, from the product label.

Douglas Laboratories

See all Douglas Laboratories products
Name
Douglas Laboratories
Street Address
600 Boyce Road
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
ZipCode
15205
Phone Number
1.800.245.4440
Web Address
www.douglaslabs.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3 by Douglas Laboratories: Common Questions

Does Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3 by Douglas Laboratories interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3 has a known interaction with 408 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3 contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this omega-3 have any omega-3s from fish?
No — it's vegetarian, so the omega-3 sources (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) come from plant-based or algae sources, not fish.
What's xylitol doing in an omega-3 supplement?
It's a sweetener used to improve taste. Xylitol is likely effective for preventing cavities and possibly effective for ear infections, though the main reason it's here is flavor.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
Sodium in this product is rated likely safe in pregnancy but possibly unsafe — the data is mixed. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether it's right for you and your baby.
Will this cause diarrhea?
Xylitol can cause digestive upset including diarrhea if you take high doses (30–40 grams), but the amount in a typical serving of this liquid is much smaller. At normal use, it should be fine for most people.
Is this safe for my dog?
No — xylitol is highly toxic to dogs. Keep this product away from pets completely.
Will this help my cholesterol?
Oleic acid in this blend is possibly effective for high cholesterol and coronary heart disease, so it may help — but talk with your doctor about whether it's the right choice for your individual situation.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3 label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha)

Interacts with 375 drugs

DHA is an omega-3 fatty acid found in fatty fish and algae that is a building block for the brain, nervous system, and eyes. It is widely used and generally well tolerated, with the stronges...

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Omega-6 Fatty Acids

Omega-6 fatty acids are essential fats your body needs but cannot make on its own, and most people get plenty from everyday foods like vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds. Supplements such as ev...

Read the full Omega-6 Fatty Acids monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Oleic Acid

Interacts with 86 drugs

Oleic acid is a heart-healthy monounsaturated fat found mainly in olive oil, canola oil, avocados, and nuts. As part of a Mediterranean-style diet, it is widely viewed as a healthier replace...

Read the full Oleic Acid monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Xylitol

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol used as a low-calorie sweetener that has the best-supported benefit for reducing cavities, especially in chewing gum or lozenges. It is generally safe for people i...

Read the full Xylitol monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Vegetarian Liquid Omega-3's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 133 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) 49 references
  1. Akedo I, Ishikawa H, Nakamura T, et al. Three cases with familial adenomatous polyposis diagnosed as having malignant lesions in the course of a long-term trial using docosahexanoic acid (DHA)-concentrated fish oil capsules (abstract). Jpn J Clin Oncol PubMed
  2. Prisco D, Paniccia R, Bandinelli B, et al. Effect of medium-term supplementation with a moderate dose of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood pressure in mild hypertensive patients. Thromb Res 1998;1:105-12.
  3. Grimsgaard S, Bonaa KH, Hansen JB, Nordoy A. Highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in humans have similar triacylglycerol-lowering effects but divergent effects on serum fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:649-59.
  4. Toft I, Bonaa KH, Ingebretsen OC, et al. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on glucose homeostasis and blood pressure in essential hypertension. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:911-8.
  5. Sacks FM, Hebert P, Appel LJ, et al. Short report: the effect of fish oil on blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in phase I of the trials of hypertension prevention. J Hypertens 1994;12:209-13.
  6. Vandongen R, Mori TA, Burke V, et al. Effects on blood pressure of omega 3 fats in subjects at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension 1993;22:371-9. PubMed
  7. FDA. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Letter regarding dietary supplement health claim for omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/95s0316/95s-0316-Rpt0272-38-Appendix-D-Reference
  8. Pedersen HS, Mulvad G, Seidelin KN, et al. N-3 fatty acids as a risk factor for haemorrhagic stroke. Lancet 1999;353:812-3. PubMed
  9. Ito Y, Suzuki K, Imai H, et al. Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on atrophic gastritis in a Japanese population. Cancer Lett 2001;163:171-8. PubMed
  10. Kris-Ehterton PM, Harris WS, Appel LJ, et al. Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2002;106:2747-57. PubMed
  11. Woodman RJ, Mori TA, Burke V, et al. Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on glycemic control, blood pressure, and serum lipids in type 2 diabetic patients with treated hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:1007-15.. PubMed
  12. Marangell LB, Martinez JM, Zboyan HA, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in the treatment of major depression. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:996-8.. PubMed
  13. Leng GC, Smith FB, Fowkes FG, et al. Relationship between plasma essential fatty acids and smoking, serum lipids, blood pressure and haemostatic and rheological factors. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994;51:101-8. PubMed
  14. Nelson GJ, Schmidt PS, Bartolini GL, et al. The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition, and blood coagulation in humans. Lipids 1997;32:1129-36. PubMed
  15. Wheaton DH, Hoffman DR, Locke KG, et al. Biological safety assessment of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in a randomized clinical trial for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:1269-78. PubMed
  16. Malcolm CA, McCulloch DL, Montgomery C, et al. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during pregnancy and visual evoked potential development in term infants: a double blind, prospective, randomised trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2003;88: DOI
  17. Sanjurjo P, Ruiz-Sanz JI, Jimeno P, et al. Supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid in the last trimester of pregnancy: maternal-fetal biochemical findings. J Perinat Med 2004;32:132-6.
  18. Montgomery C, Speake BK, Cameron A, et al. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and fetal accretion. Br J Nutr 2003;90:135-45. DOI
  19. Lauritzen L, Hoppe C, Straarup EM, Michaelsen KF. Maternal fish oil supplementation in lactation and growth during the first 2.5 years of life. Pediatr Res 2005;58:235-42. PubMed
  20. Hawkes JS, Bryan DL, Makrides M, et al. A randomized trial of supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid-rich tuna oil and its effects on the human milk cytokines interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:75
  21. Uauy R, Hoffman DR, Mena P, et al. Term infant studies of DHA and ARA supplementation on neurodevelopment: Results of randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr 2003;143:S17-25. PubMed
  22. Decsi, T., Campoy, C., and Koletzko, B. Effect of N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy: the Nuheal trial. Adv.Exp Med Biol 2005;569:109-113. PubMed
  23. Mori, T. A., Bao, D. Q., Burke, V., Puddey, I. B., and Beilin, L. J. Docosahexaenoic acid but not eicosapentaenoic acid lowers ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in humans. Hypertension 1999;34(2):253-260. PubMed
  24. Otto, S. J., van Houwelingen, A. C., and Hornstra, G. The effect of supplementation with docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid derived from single cell oils on plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids of pregnant women in the second trimester. Prostaglandins Le PubMed
  25. Helland, I. B., Saugstad, O. D., Smith, L., Saarem, K., Solvoll, K., Ganes, T., and Drevon, C. A. Similar effects on infants of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids supplementation to pregnant and lactating women. Pediatrics 2001;108(5):E82. PubMed
  26. Nestel, P., Shige, H., Pomeroy, S., Cehun, M., Abbey, M., and Raederstorff, D. The n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid increase systemic arterial compliance in humans. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2002;76(2):326-330. PubMed
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See these in context on the Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) monograph →

Sodium 38 references
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See these in context on the Sodium monograph →

Omega-6 Fatty Acids 20 references
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See these in context on the Omega-6 Fatty Acids monograph →

Xylitol 7 references
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See these in context on the Xylitol monograph →

Oleic Acid 19 references
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  16. de Silva PS, Luben R, Shrestha SS, Khaw KT, Hart AR. Dietary arachidonic and oleic acid intake in ulcerative colitis etiology: a prospective cohort study using 7-day food diaries. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;26(1):11-8. PubMed
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See these in context on the Oleic Acid monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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