Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 5 of 6 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Vein Watermelon Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Image Sports

Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Vein Watermelon is a dietary supplement by Image Sports with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for memory and cognitive support, nerve pain (neuropathy), energy and fatigue.Based on those ingredients, 1,463 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Red Sage, Snakeroot, N-Acetyl-L-Carnitine. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Vein Watermelon by Image Sports

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “VEIN(TM) PROPRIETARY BLEND” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (2,000 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Vein Watermelon is a 6-ingredient powder blend. The active ingredients are N-Acetyl-L-Carnitine (a form of carnitine, an amino acid derivative), Glycerol (a sugar alcohol), Red Sage (a culinary and medicinal herb), and Quebracho blanco (a plant extract from the bark of a South American tree).

The blend also includes African palmyra palm and Snakeroot, whose specific roles aren't detailed in our data. The product contains inactive ingredients—maltodextrin, natural and artificial flavors, citric acid, sucralose, silica, acesulfame K, FD&C Red No.

40, and vitamin C—that serve as sweeteners, thickeners, colorants, and preservatives.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Constipation — rated "Likely Effective" (Glycerol) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Athletic performance — rated "Possibly Effective" (Glycerol) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Ichthyosis — rated "Possibly Effective" (Glycerol) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Cognitive function — rated "Possibly Effective" (Sage) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Hyperlipidemia — rated "Possibly Effective" (Sage) (Natural Medicines).

Evidence for effectiveness varies by ingredient and condition. N-Acetyl-L-Carnitine is rated possibly effective for age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease, diabetic nerve damage (neuropathy), alcohol use disorder, and depression.

Glycerol is rated likely effective for constipation and possibly effective for certain skin conditions and athletic performance, though it's rated likely ineffective for stroke and possibly ineffective for meningitis and prematurity. Red Sage is rated possibly effective for menopausal symptoms, high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia), and cognitive function, but possibly ineffective for postoperative pain.

The effectiveness data we hold does not cover the other ingredients in this product or any benefits specific to what 'Vein' may target.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Acetyl-l-carnitine Glycerol Sage Quebracho Blanco Aristolochia

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

N-Acetyl-L-Carnitine is generally well tolerated in the short term, but long-term safety hasn't been fully established. Common side effects include agitation, dry mouth, headache, insomnia, loss of appetite, and—occasionally—a fishy odor in urine, breath, and sweat.

It may also cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, or stomach upset, though these don't occur more often than with placebo. In people with Alzheimer disease, it's been associated with depression, mania, confusion, and aggression, though it's unclear if the supplement or the disease itself is responsible.

Glycerol is generally well tolerated in normal amounts but can cause bloating, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and headache at larger doses. Red Sage is safe as a food and short-term tea but should be used cautiously in concentrated forms; seizures are rare but have been reported with the thujone and related compounds it contains.

Quebracho blanco has limited human safety data; some users report salivation, headache, sweating, vertigo, drowsiness, and at high doses, nausea and vomiting. Safety data for African palmyra palm and Snakeroot during pregnancy and breastfeeding is insufficient; there isn't enough information to know whether they're safe, so talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Acetyl-l-carnitine Glycerol Sage Quebracho Blanco Aristolochia

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Sage, Aristolochia, Acetyl-l-carnitine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; seizure medications; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,464 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Vein Watermelon, check with your pharmacist if you're on serotonergic drugs (such as SSRIs or SNRIs for depression or anxiety), blood thinners (warfarin, acenocoumarol), thyroid hormone replacement, blood pressure medications, CNS depressants (sedatives, sleep aids, anxiety medications, opioids), or any drug metabolized through liver pathways (CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP3A4) or transported by P-glycoprotein. These are the medication types documented to interact with ingredients in this product.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Vein Watermelon is primarily a consideration for people interested in cardiovascular support and energy, given its carnitine and glycerol content. However, if you take blood thinners, antidepressants or other serotonergic drugs, thyroid medication, blood pressure medication, or drugs metabolized by your liver, you'll need to check this product against your exact medications before starting.

Talk to your pharmacist—the interaction profile is complex enough that a one-on-one review is worthwhile.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 25, 2013.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Vein Watermelon, straight from the product label.

Brand Image Sports
Barcode (UPC) 859123003296
Net contents 120 g
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Mar 25, 2013
DSLD ID 18344
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Vein Watermelon by Image Sports, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
4 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
4 Gram(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
859123003296
IngredientAmount% DV
N-Acetyl-L-Carnitine0 NP--
Glycerol0 NP--
Red Sage0 NP--
Quebracho blanco0 NP--
VEIN(TM) PROPRIETARY BLEND2000 mg--
African palmyra palm0 NP--
Snakeroot0 NP--

Other ingredients: Maltodextrin, Natural & Artificial flavors, Citric Acid, Sucralose, Silica, Acesulfame K, FD&C Red No. 40, Vitamin C

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Precautions

Warnings: For topical, external use only. Do not ingest. Wash your hands with soap and water immediately after applying PRO THERMOGENIC CUTTING CREAM(TM). Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes. In case of contact with eyes, flush liberally with water. If irritation persists, seek medical attention. Before using PRO THERMOGENIC CUTTING CREAM(TM) for the first time, apply a small, pea size amount to your forearm to test your skin’s reaction.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

Please read entire label before use.

Warnings: Not intended for use by persons under age 18.

Do not exceed recommended dose.

Get the consent of a licensed physician before using this product, especially if you are taking medication, have a medical condition, you are pregnant, nursing or thinking about becoming pregnant.

KEEP THIS PRODUCT AND ALL SUPPLEMENTS OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.

Do not apply PRO THERMOGENIC CUTTTING CREAM(TM) to any other parts of your body.

Formula

Ingredients: Aqua (Water), Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Stearic Acid, Glycerin, C12-15 Alkyl Ethylhexaonate, Dimethicone, Glyceryl Stearate, PEG-100 Stearate, Cetyl Alcohol, Butylene Glycol, Polysorbate 20, Palmitoyl Oligopeptide, PalmitoylTetrapeptide-7, Polysorbate 80, Medium Chain Triglycerides, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Zanthoxylum piperitum D.C. (fruit) extract, Zingiber officinale (root) extract, Niacin (as Nicotinic Acid, USP), Capsicum annuum (fruit) extract, Carbomer, Potassium Hydroxide, 1,2-Hexanediol, Caprylyl Glycol, Phenoxyethanol, Sorbic Acid, Fragrance.

Storage

Storage Conditions: Keep away from direct sunlight, and store in a cool, dry place, at controlled room temperature of not more than 25(0)C (77(0)F). Do not refrigerate.

General

Rev. 01-001-VEI005 02/12

General Statements

STACKING PROTOCOL

THE FIRST EVER MUSCLE FULLNESS RESPONSE POWDER

PROFESSIONAL GRADE “PUMP” MATRIX*† HIGH SPEED VASCULAR EFFECTS*† CONCENTRACTED “TINGLE” EFFECTS*†

MUSCLE FULLNESS RESPONSE POWDER*†

FREE PRO THERMOGENIC CUTTING CREAM(TM)

THE FIRST EVER PROFESSIONAL GRADE VASCULAR AND CUTTING CREAM

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

RECOMMENDED USAGE VEIN(TM) Pre-Workout {1 scoop} Intra-Workout {1 scoop} Post-Workout {1 scoop} PRO THERMOGENIC CUTTING CREAM(TM) AM - PM ONE APPLICATION

Suggested Use: For best results, mix 1 serving (1 scoop) with 6 ounces of ice cold water or your favorite beverage. Consume 30 minutes prior to your workout, during your workout, and/or after your workout.

Suggested use: Apply PRO THERMOGENIC CUTTING CREAM(TM) to clean, dry skin in the morning or evening. Massage a thin layer of cream into the areas you want to improve such as thighs, waist, hips, buttocks, stomach and upper arms.

Seals/Symbols

i

FDA Statement of Identity

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

See for yourself

Vein Watermelon by Image Sports label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Vein Watermelon by Image Sports

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size4 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

VEIN(TM) PROPRIETARY BLEND

2000 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Maltodextrin, Natural & Artificial flavors, Citric Acid, Sucralose, Silica, Acesulfame K, FD&C Red No. 40, Vitamin C. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Vein Watermelon by Image Sports Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Vein Watermelon?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
1,463Drugs
1,463 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Red Sage 1,296
Snakeroot 355

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Vein Watermelon with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Red Sage14 drug types · 1,296 drugs

Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, sage might decrease the clinical effects of anticholinergic drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that common sage (Salvia officinalis) and Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) can inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticonvulsants

Theoretically, sage might interfere with the clinical effects of anticonvulsant drugs.
Some species of sage can cause convulsions when consumed in large quantities.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking sage with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes, common sage (Salvia officinalis) has demonstrated hypoglycemic activity. However, other clinical research in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes shows that common sage extract does not lower fasting blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, sage might increase or decrease the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research suggests that common sage (Salvia officinalis) can cause prolonged blood pressure reduction. However, clinical research suggests that Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) can increase blood pressure in some people with hypertension. Until more is known, use with caution.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Benzodiazepines

Theoretically, taking sage might increase the sedative and adverse effects of benzodiazepines.
In vitro evidence suggests that certain components of common sage (Salvia officinalis) can bind to benzodiazepine receptors. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, sage might have additive effects when used with cholinergic drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that common sage (Salvia officinalis) and Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) can inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, taking sage might increase the sedative and adverse effects of CNS depressants.
Some constituents of sage have CNS depressant activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro evidence suggests that aqueous extracts of sage can inhibit CYP2C19. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro evidence suggests that aqueous extracts of sage can inhibit CYP2C9. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro evidence suggests that aqueous extracts of sage can inhibit CYP2D6. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates

Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Animal research suggests that drinking common sage (Salvia officinalis) tea increases the expression of CYP2E1. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro evidence suggests that aqueous extracts of sage can inhibit CYP3A4. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, sage might interfere with hormone therapy.
In vitro evidence suggests that geraniol, a constituent of Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia), exerts estrogenic activity. The clinical significance of this effect is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, sage might increase levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
In vitro research suggests that common sage (Salvia officinalis) can inhibit the multi-drug transporter protein, P-glycoprotein. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Snakeroot1 drug type · 355 drugs

Nephrotoxic Drugs

Aristolochia is nephrotoxic. There are numerous cases of nephropathy and renal failure associated with aristolochia use. Theoretically, combining aristolochia with potentially nephrotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects on kidney function. However, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans. Close monitoring of renal function in patients taking aristolochia with nephrotoxic drugs may be warranted.
Some potentially nephrotoxic drugs include cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune); aminoglycosides including amikacin (Amikin), gentamicin (Garamycin, Gentak, others), and tobramycin (Nebcin, others); nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Nuprin, others), indomethacin (Indocin), naproxen (Aleve, Anaprox, Naprelan, Naprosyn), piroxicam (Feldene); and numerous others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

N-Acetyl-L-Carnitine4 drug types · 203 drugs

Acenocoumarol (Sintrom)

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
L-carnitine, the parent compound of acetyl-L-carnitine, might enhance the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, an oral anticoagulant that is similar to warfarin, but shorter-acting. There are at least two case reports of INR elevation when L-carnitine was taken with acenocoumarol. In one case, a 33-year-old male with a previously stable INR had an elevated INR of 4.65 after L-carnitine was started and continued for 10 weeks. INR normalized after discontinuation of the L-carnitine-containing product. It is unclear if such an interaction would also occur with acetyl-L-carnitine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders, when taken with serotonergic drugs.
Animal research shows that acetyl-L-carnitine can increase levels of serotonin in the brain.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
L-carnitine appears to act as a peripheral thyroid hormone antagonist by inhibiting entry of thyroid hormone into the nucleus of cells. Taking L-carnitine also seems to diminish some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism. It is unclear if such an interaction would occur with acetyl-L-carnitine.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
L-carnitine, the parent compound of acetyl-L-carnitine, might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, a shorter-acting oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin. There is not enough information to know whether this interaction occurs with acetyl-L-carnitine and warfarin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Vein Watermelon, from the product label.

Image Sports

See all Image Sports products
Name
Image Sports
City
Fort Lauderdale
State
FL
ZipCode
33301
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Vein Watermelon by Image Sports: Common Questions

Does Vein Watermelon by Image Sports interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Vein Watermelon has a known interaction with 1,463 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Vein Watermelon contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is Vein Watermelon safe to take if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Safety data for N-Acetyl-L-Carnitine during pregnancy isn't detailed in our data. For Red Sage, the facts advise avoiding medicinal amounts during pregnancy due to thujone content, though food amounts are likely fine. For breastfeeding, acetyl-L-carnitine safety is unknown, and sage has traditionally been used to reduce milk supply. Quebracho blanco, African palmyra palm, and Snakeroot also lack sufficient safety information. You should talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice before using this product.
What are the most common side effects I might experience?
N-Acetyl-L-Carnitine may cause agitation, dry mouth, headache, insomnia, and loss of appetite, plus a fishy odor in urine, breath, and sweat in some cases. Glycerol can cause bloating, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. Red Sage may cause stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness. Quebracho blanco bark may cause headache, vertigo, drowsiness, and excessive salivation. Side effects are typically mild, but if you notice anything unusual, stop and contact your pharmacist.
Does Vein Watermelon help with energy and circulation?
N-Acetyl-L-Carnitine is rated possibly effective for age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer disease, and possibly effective for alcohol use disorder, diabetic neuropathy, and depression. Glycerol is rated possibly effective for athletic performance. Our data doesn't establish effectiveness for specific energy or circulation claims, so you'd want to discuss what you're hoping to achieve with your doctor.
Can I take this if I'm on blood pressure medication?
Red Sage may unpredictably increase or decrease the effects of blood pressure medication based on the type of sage and your individual response. N-Acetyl-L-Carnitine doesn't have documented blood pressure interactions, but you should check all your medications with your pharmacist before starting.
What are the inactive ingredients, and are there any fillers?
The product contains maltodextrin, natural and artificial flavors, citric acid, sucralose, silica, acesulfame K, FD&C Red No. 40, and vitamin C. These are inactive ingredients that serve as sweeteners, binders, colorants, and preservatives—standard in powder supplements.
Why can't you check some of the ingredients?
We hold no safety or interaction data for African palmyra palm and Snakeroot in our system, so we can't check them. That doesn't mean they're unsafe—we simply don't have a monograph on file. If you want more information about those ingredients, ask your pharmacist or contact the manufacturer.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Vein Watermelon label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Vein Watermelon’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Vein Watermelon's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 85 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Acetyl-l-carnitine 22 references
  1. Thal LJ, Carta A, Clarke WR, et al. A 1-year multicenter placebo-controlled study of acetyl-L-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1996;47:705-11. PubMed
  2. Sano M, Bell K, Cote L, et al. Double-blind parallel design pilot study of acetyl levocarnitine in patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Arch Neurol 1992;49:1137-41. PubMed
  3. Spagnoli A, Lucca U, Menasce G, et al. Long-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1991;41:1726-32. PubMed
  4. Brooks JO 3rd, Yesavage JA, Carta A, Bravi D. Acetyl L-carnitine slows decline in younger patients with Alzheimer's disease: a reanalysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study using the trilinear approach. Int Psychoger 1998;10:193-203. PubMed
  5. Pettegrew JW, Klunk WE, Panchalingam K, et al. Clinical and neurochemical effects of acetyl-L-carnitine in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 1995;16:1-4. PubMed
  6. Rai G, Wright G, Scott L, et al. Double-blind, placebo controlled study of acetyl-l-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Curr Med Res Opin 1990;11:638-47. PubMed
  7. Benvenga S, Ruggeri RM, Russo A, et al. Usefulness of L-carnitine, a naturally occurring peripheral antagonist of thyroid hormone action, in iatrogenic hyperthyroidism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Meta
  8. Montgomery SA, Thal LJ, Amrein R. Meta-analysis of double blind randomized controlled clinical trials of acetyl-L-carnitine versus placebo in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2003;18:61-71.. PubMed
  9. Martinez E, Domingo P, Roca-Cusachs A. Potentiation of acenocoumarol action by L-carnitine. J Intern Med 1993;233:94.
  10. Hudson S, Tabet N. Acetyl-L-carnitine for dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;2:CD003158.. PubMed
  11. Bachmann HU, Hoffmann A. Interaction of food supplement L-carnitine with oral anticoagulant acenocoumarol. Swiss Med Wkly 2004;134:385. PubMed
  12. De Grandis D, Minardi C. Acetyl-L-carnitine (levacecarnine) in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. A long-term, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Drugs R D 2002;3:223-31. PubMed
  13. 12761 Benvenga S, Amato A, Calvani M, Trimarchi F. Effects of carnitine on thyroid hormone action. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1033:158-67. PubMed
  14. Sima AAF, Calvani M, Mehra M, et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine improves pain, nerve regeneration, and vibratory perception in patients with chronic diabetic neuropathy: An analysis of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Diabetes Care 2005;28:89-94.
  15. Youle, M. and Osio, M. A double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multicentre study of acetyl L-carnitine in the symptomatic treatment of antiretroviral toxic neuropathy in patients with HIV-1 infection. HIV.Med. 2007;8(4):241-250.
  16. Brennan BP, Jensen JE, Hudson JI, Coit CE, Beaulieu A, Pope HG Jr, Renshaw PF, Cohen BM. A placebo-controlled trial of acetyl-L-carnitine and a-lipoic acid in the treatment of bipolar depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013 Oct;33(5):627-35.
  17. Ledinek AH, Sajko MC, Rot U. Evaluating the effects of amantadin, modafinil and acetyl-L-carnitine on fatigue in multiple sclerosis--result of a pilot randomized, blind study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2013 Dec;115 Suppl 1:S86-9. PubMed
  18. Martinotti G, Andreoli S, Reina D, Di Nicola M, Ortolani I, Tedeschi D, Fanella F, Pozzi G, Iannoni E, D'Iddio S, Prof LJ. Acetyl-l-Carnitine in the treatment of anhedonia, melancholic and negative symptoms in alcohol dependent subjects. Prog Neuropsychop PubMed
  19. Baek SM, Zheng R, Seo EJ, Hwang DY, Kim BH. Pharmacokinetic comparisons of two acetyl-L-carnitine formulations in healthy Korean volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2015;53(11):980-6. PubMed
  20. Goodison G, Overeem K, de Monte V, Siskind D. Mania associated with self-prescribed acetyl-l-carnitine in a man with bipolar I disorder. Australas Psychiatry. 2017;25(1):13-4.
  21. Bruno A, Pandolfo G, Crucitti M, Lorusso S, Zoccali RA, Muscatello MR. Acetyl-L-Carnitine Augmentation of Clozapine in Partial-Responder Schizophrenia: A 12-Week, Open-Label Uncontrolled Preliminary Study. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2016;39(6):277-80. PubMed
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Quebracho Blanco 1 reference
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Aristolochia 27 references
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