Vitalzym+ Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by World Nutrition Incorporated
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Vitalzym+ against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Vitalzym+ is a dietary supplement by World Nutrition Incorporated with 9 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for digestive support for protein digestion, wound cleaning (debridement of dead tissue), sore throat and inflammation.Based on those ingredients, 373 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Magnesium, Amla, Bromelain. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Vitalzym+ by World Nutrition Incorporated
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Vitalzym+ by World Nutrition Incorporated — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Vitalzym+ by World Nutrition Incorporated
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Vitalzym+ contains 9 ingredients, most of them digestive enzymes. Amylase, protease, and lipase break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in your digestive system.
Papain (from papaya) and bromelain (from pineapple) are protein-digesting enzymes. Serratiopeptidase is another protease enzyme.
Rutin is a plant compound, magnesium is a mineral, and amla (Indian gooseberry) is a fruit extract. There is also a proprietary blend — a mix of ingredients listed as a group rather than individual amounts.
The capsules are vegetarian, and rice extract serves as an inactive ingredient.
Does it work?
Strong evidence
The evidence for most of Vitalzym+'s uses is not established in the data we hold. Papain, bromelain, protease, serratiopeptidase, rutin, and amla all show insufficient reliable evidence for their listed purposes — meaning we don't have solid proof they work for those conditions.
Magnesium is the exception: it's rated effective for dyspepsia (indigestion), constipation, low magnesium levels (hypomagnesemia), and pre-eclampsia in pregnancy. Amla shows possibly effective evidence for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and possibly effective for high cholesterol (dyslipidemia), but not for most other uses listed.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Most ingredients in Vitalzym+ are generally well tolerated at normal doses. The most common side effects are digestive — diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, and abdominal upset.
Some people may have allergic reactions to papain or bromelain, especially if they're sensitive to these enzymes; symptoms can include itching, hives, and in rare cases respiratory issues if you breathe in airborne dust. For pregnancy and breastfeeding: papain and bromelain should be avoided — the data advises against them during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Rutin and amla should also be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding unless a doctor says otherwise, as safety data are lacking. Magnesium, protease, and lipase have insufficient data for pregnancy and breastfeeding; talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using them if you're pregnant or nursing.
No pregnancy or breastfeeding data are on file for amylase or serratiopeptidase.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Before taking Vitalzym+, double-check any of these medications with your pharmacist: levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) — magnesium can make it much less effective; blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs such as warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel — papain, bromelain, and amla may increase bleeding risk; diabetes medications — rutin and amla may lower blood sugar too much; skeletal muscle relaxants, potassium-sparing diuretics, calcium channel blockers, sulfonylureas, quinolone antibiotics, and bisphosphonates — magnesium may alter how these work; and tetracycline antibiotics — bromelain may affect them. If none of these apply to you, no interactions are documented for the ingredients we could check.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
If you take blood thinners, diabetes medication, Parkinson's medication, or skeletal muscle relaxants, check your specific drugs with the tool on this page before starting Vitalzym+. If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, talk with your pharmacist first — several ingredients lack safety data for those times.
For others, this product is generally well tolerated, though digestive upset and allergic reactions are possible.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 7 of 9 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Apr 25, 2018.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Vitalzym+, straight from the product label.
| Brand | World Nutrition Incorporated |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 805034656151 |
| Net contents | 360 Vegetable Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Apr 25, 2018 |
| DSLD ID | 176476 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Vitalzym+ by World Nutrition Incorporated, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Amylase | 0 NP | -- |
| Papain | 0 NP | -- |
| Bromelain | 0 NP | -- |
| Proprietary Blend | 1860 mg | -- |
| Protease | 0 NP | -- |
| Serratiopeptidase | 0 NP | -- |
| Lipase | 0 NP | -- |
| Rutin | 0 NP | -- |
| Magnesium | 90 mg | 22% |
| Amla | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: Rice extract, Vegetarian Capsules
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements
Vitalzym+ is a specifically formulated blend of systemic enzymes, antioxidants, and flavonoids providing optimal absorption of the product for systemic and digestive benefits.
Supplementation with Vitalzym+, along with proper diet and exercise, will help to maintain normal enzyme levels aiding in balancing your body's own repair mechanisms as well as helping to maintain proper muscles function, promote heart health and reduce muscle stiffness.
Helps support healthy: Muscle function Digestion Pain and inflammation response Cardiovascular function
Available only through your healthcare professional
Formula
Vitalzym+ also includes magnesium to help support skeletal integrity, bone density, energy production.
Systemic and digestive formula plus Magnesium
Formulation
Vitalzym is lactose free and contains no animal derivatives, artificial flavors or colors, yeast, gluten, or talc.
Suitable for vegetarians
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements made herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease.
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Recommended: As a dietary supplement, take four capsules daily, at least 1 hour before or after meals, or as recommended by your healthcare professional.
Precautions
Warning: If you are pregnant, lactating, taking anticoagulants or have a history of thinning blood in your family, do not take this product without direction or supervision from your medical provider.
Discontinue use two weeks prior to surgery.
Keep out of reach of children.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place with lid tightly closed. Keep out of direct sunlight.
Seals/Symbols
GMP Food Safety Assurance Suitable for vegetarians Made in the USA
General
REV. 9/13
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Vitalzym+ by World Nutrition Incorporated label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Vitalzym+ by World Nutrition Incorporated
These are the 9 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size4 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container90 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Proprietary Blend
Magnesium
Interacts with295 drugs
Magnesium is an essential mineral your body needs for muscles, nerves, blood pressure, and many other functions, and supplements are useful for preven...
Magnesium monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Rice extract, Vegetarian Capsules. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Vitalzym+ by World Nutrition Incorporated Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Vitalzym+ by World Nutrition Incorporated contains several ingredients with documented interactions with medications.
The most serious is magnesium, which can significantly reduce the effectiveness of levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) — a medication for Parkinson's disease — by lowering how much of the drug your body absorbs.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Several other ingredients interact with blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs (Moderate severity). Papain may increase the effects of warfarin (Coumadin), bromelain may raise bleeding risk with anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs, and amla (Indian gooseberry) may increase bleeding risk with anticoagulants, aspirin, and clopidogrel (Plavix).
Magnesium also has Moderate interactions with skeletal muscle relaxants, potassium-sparing diuretics, calcium channel blockers, antacids, sulfonylureas, quinolone antibiotics, and bisphosphonates. Additionally, rutin and amla may increase the risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) if taken with diabetes medications (Moderate severity).
Bromelain has a Minor interaction with tetracycline antibiotics.
We could not check amylase or serratiopeptidase — we hold no data for these ingredients. Protease and lipase were checked and no interactions are documented in our data.
Altogether, these interactions span 370 individual medications. Use the search tool below to check your exact medications before starting this product.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Vitalzym+?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Vitalzym+ interact with 373 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
5 of the 9 ingredients in Vitalzym+ interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Magnesium Amla Bromelain Rutin Papain
Benserazide, LevodopaMadopar, Prolopa
How Benserazide, Levodopa interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
MagnesiumLevodopa/carbidopa (sinemet) Major
Interaction Summary
Magnesium can reduce the bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.
Read the full Magnesium + Benserazide, Levodopa interactionCarbidopaLodosyn
How Carbidopa interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
MagnesiumLevodopa/carbidopa (sinemet) Major
Interaction Summary
Magnesium can reduce the bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.
Read the full Magnesium + Carbidopa interactionCarbidopa, LevodopaDhivy, Rytary, Sinemet, Sinemet CR
How Carbidopa, Levodopa interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
MagnesiumLevodopa/carbidopa (sinemet) Major
Interaction Summary
Magnesium can reduce the bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.
Read the full Magnesium + Carbidopa, Levodopa interactionCarbidopa, Levodopa, EntacaponeStalevo
How Carbidopa, Levodopa, Entacapone interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
MagnesiumLevodopa/carbidopa (sinemet) Major
Interaction Summary
Magnesium can reduce the bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.
Read the full Magnesium + Carbidopa, Levodopa, Entacapone interactionLevodopaInbrija, Larodopa
How Levodopa interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
MagnesiumLevodopa/carbidopa (sinemet) Major
Interaction Summary
Magnesium can reduce the bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.
Read the full Magnesium + Levodopa interactionLevodopa, CarbidopaDuodopa
How Levodopa, Carbidopa interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
MagnesiumLevodopa/carbidopa (sinemet) Major
Interaction Summary
Magnesium can reduce the bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.
Read the full Magnesium + Levodopa, Carbidopa interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AmlaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian gooseberry may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, research is conflicting.
Read the full Amla + Abciximab interactionBromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Abciximab interactionMagnesiumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium + Abciximab interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Abrocitinib interactionAmlaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian gooseberry may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, research is conflicting.
Read the full Amla + Abrocitinib interactionMagnesiumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium + Abrocitinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
RutinAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking rutin with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Rutin + Acarbose interactionAmlaAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking Indian gooseberry with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Amla + Acarbose interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AmlaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian gooseberry may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, research is conflicting.
Read the full Amla + Acenocoumarol interactionBromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Acenocoumarol interactionMagnesiumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium + Acenocoumarol interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AmlaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Aspirin Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian gooseberry may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, research is conflicting.
Read the full Amla + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionBromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionMagnesiumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AmlaAspirin, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian gooseberry may increase the risk of bleeding if used with aspirin; however, research is conflicting.
Read the full Amla + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionMagnesiumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, ChlorzoxazoneAcetazone Forte, Extra Strength Tylenol Aches & Strains, Parafon Forte
How Acetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
MagnesiumSkeletal Muscle Relaxants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Parenteral magnesium alters the pharmacokinetics of skeletal muscle relaxants, increasing their effects and accelerating the onset of effect.
Read the full Magnesium + Acetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone, CodeineAcetazone Forte C8, Parafon Forte C8
How Acetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone, Codeine interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
MagnesiumSkeletal Muscle Relaxants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Parenteral magnesium alters the pharmacokinetics of skeletal muscle relaxants, increasing their effects and accelerating the onset of effect.
Read the full Magnesium + Acetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Codeine, MethocarbamolAcetaminophen, Codeine, Methocarbamol, Robaxacet 8
How Acetaminophen, Codeine, Methocarbamol interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
MagnesiumSkeletal Muscle Relaxants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Parenteral magnesium alters the pharmacokinetics of skeletal muscle relaxants, increasing their effects and accelerating the onset of effect.
Read the full Magnesium + Acetaminophen, Codeine, Methocarbamol interactionAcetaminophen, IbuprofenCombogesic
How Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen interactionAmlaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian gooseberry may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, research is conflicting.
Read the full Amla + Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen interactionMagnesiumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium + Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen interactionAcetaminophen, MethocarbamolRobaxacet
How Acetaminophen, Methocarbamol interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
MagnesiumSkeletal Muscle Relaxants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Parenteral magnesium alters the pharmacokinetics of skeletal muscle relaxants, increasing their effects and accelerating the onset of effect.
Read the full Magnesium + Acetaminophen, Methocarbamol interactionAcetaminophen, OrphenadrineOrfenagesic
How Acetaminophen, Orphenadrine interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
MagnesiumSkeletal Muscle Relaxants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Parenteral magnesium alters the pharmacokinetics of skeletal muscle relaxants, increasing their effects and accelerating the onset of effect.
Read the full Magnesium + Acetaminophen, Orphenadrine interactionAcetohexamideDymelor
How Acetohexamide interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
RutinAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking rutin with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Rutin + Acetohexamide interactionAmlaAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking Indian gooseberry with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Amla + Acetohexamide interactionMagnesiumSulfonylureas Moderate
Interaction Summary
Magnesium increases the systemic absorption of sulfonylureas, increasing their effects and side effects.
Read the full Magnesium + Acetohexamide interactionAcetylsalicylic AcidEntrophen
How Acetylsalicylic Acid interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AmlaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Aspirin Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian gooseberry may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, research is conflicting.
Read the full Amla + Acetylsalicylic Acid interactionBromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Acetylsalicylic Acid interactionMagnesiumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium + Acetylsalicylic Acid interactionAlbiglutideTanzeum
How Albiglutide interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AmlaAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking Indian gooseberry with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Amla + Albiglutide interactionRutinAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking rutin with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Rutin + Albiglutide interactionAlcuroniumAlcuronium
How Alcuronium interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
MagnesiumSkeletal Muscle Relaxants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Parenteral magnesium alters the pharmacokinetics of skeletal muscle relaxants, increasing their effects and accelerating the onset of effect.
Read the full Magnesium + Alcuronium interactionAlendronateBinosto, Fosamax
How Alendronate interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
MagnesiumBisphosphonates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Magnesium can decrease absorption of bisphosphonates.
Read the full Magnesium + Alendronate interactionAlendronate Sodium
How Alendronate Sodium interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
MagnesiumBisphosphonates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Magnesium can decrease absorption of bisphosphonates.
Read the full Magnesium + Alendronate Sodium interactionAlendronate Sodium, CholecalciferolFosamax Plus D
How Alendronate Sodium, Cholecalciferol interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
MagnesiumBisphosphonates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Magnesium can decrease absorption of bisphosphonates.
Read the full Magnesium + Alendronate Sodium, Cholecalciferol interactionAlginic Acid, Aluminum HydroxideRafton
How Alginic Acid, Aluminum Hydroxide interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
MagnesiumAntacids Moderate
Interaction Summary
Use of acid reducers may reduce the laxative effect of magnesium oxide.
Read the full Magnesium + Alginic Acid, Aluminum Hydroxide interactionAlogliptinNesina
How Alogliptin interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AmlaAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking Indian gooseberry with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Amla + Alogliptin interactionRutinAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking rutin with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Rutin + Alogliptin interactionAlogliptin, MetforminKazano
How Alogliptin, Metformin interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
RutinAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking rutin with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Rutin + Alogliptin, Metformin interactionAmlaAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking Indian gooseberry with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Amla + Alogliptin, Metformin interactionAlogliptin, PioglitazoneOseni
How Alogliptin, Pioglitazone interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AmlaAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking Indian gooseberry with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Amla + Alogliptin, Pioglitazone interactionRutinAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking rutin with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Rutin + Alogliptin, Pioglitazone interactionAlteplase, TpaActilyse, Activase
How Alteplase, Tpa interacts with Vitalzym+ — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AmlaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian gooseberry may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, research is conflicting.
Read the full Amla + Alteplase, Tpa interactionBromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Alteplase, Tpa interactionMagnesiumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium + Alteplase, Tpa interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Vitalzym+ with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Magnesium
Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)
Magnesium can reduce the bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that taking magnesium oxide 1000 mg with levodopa 100 mg/carbidopa 10 mg reduces the area under the curve (AUC) of levodopa by 35% and of carbidopa by 81%. In vitro and animal research shows that magnesium produces an alkaline environment in the digestive tract, which might lead to degradation and reduced bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
Concomitant use of aminoglycoside antibiotics and magnesium can increase the risk for neuromuscular weakness.
Both aminoglycosides and magnesium reduce presynaptic acetylcholine release, which can lead to neuromuscular blockade and possible paralysis. This is most likely to occur with high doses of magnesium given intravenously.
Antacids
Use of acid reducers may reduce the laxative effect of magnesium oxide.
A retrospective analysis shows that, in the presence of H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), a higher dose of magnesium oxide is needed for a laxative effect. This may also occur with antacids. Under acidic conditions, magnesium oxide is converted to magnesium chloride and then to magnesium bicarbonate, which has an osmotic laxative effect. By reducing acidity, antacids may reduce the conversion of magnesium oxide to the active bicarbonate salt.
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)
Magnesium might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after magnesium containing products.
Bisphosphonates
Magnesium can decrease absorption of bisphosphonates.
Cations, including magnesium, can decrease bisphosphonate absorption. Advise patients to separate doses of magnesium and these drugs by at least 2 hours.
Calcium Channel Blockers
Magnesium can have additive effects with calcium channel blockers, although evidence is conflicting.
Magnesium inhibits calcium entry into smooth muscle cells and may therefore have additive effects with calcium channel blockers. Severe hypotension and neuromuscular blockades may occur when nifedipine is used with intravenous magnesium, although some contradictory evidence suggests that concurrent use of magnesium with nifedipine does not increase the risk of neuromuscular weakness. High doses of magnesium could theoretically have additive effects with other calcium channel blockers.
Digoxin
Magnesium salts may reduce absorption of digoxin.
Clinical evidence suggests that treatment with oral magnesium hydroxide or magnesium trisilicate reduces absorption of digoxin from the intestines. This may reduce the blood levels of digoxin and decrease its therapeutic effects.
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Potassium-sparing diuretics decrease excretion of magnesium, possibly increasing magnesium levels.
Potassium-sparing diuretics also have magnesium-sparing properties, which can counteract the magnesium losses associated with loop and thiazide diuretics. Theoretically, increased magnesium levels could result from concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics and magnesium supplements.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Magnesium decreases absorption of quinolones.
Magnesium can form insoluble complexes with quinolones and decrease their absorption. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4 to 6 hours after, magnesium supplements.
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Parenteral magnesium alters the pharmacokinetics of skeletal muscle relaxants, increasing their effects and accelerating the onset of effect.
Parenteral magnesium shortens the time to onset of skeletal muscle relaxants by about 1 minute and prolongs the duration of action by about 2 minutes. Magnesium potentiates the effects of skeletal muscle relaxants by decreasing calcium-mediated release of acetylcholine from presynaptic nerve terminals, reducing postsynaptic sensitivity to acetylcholine, and having a direct effect on the membrane potential of myocytes. Magnesium also has vasodilatory actions and increases cardiac output, allowing a greater amount of muscle relaxant to reach the motor end plate. A clinical study found that low-dose rocuronium (0.45 mg/kg), when given after administration of magnesium 30 mg/kg over 10 minutes, has an accelerated onset of effect, which matches the onset of effect seen with a full-dose rocuronium regimen (0.6 mg/kg). In another clinical study, onset times for rocuronium doses of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mg/kg were 86, 76, and 50 seconds, respectively, when given alone, but were reduced to 66, 44, and 38 seconds, respectively, when the doses were given after a 15-minute infusion of magnesium sulfate 60 mg/kg. Giving intraoperative intravenous magnesium sulfate, 50 mg/kg loading dose followed by 15 mg/kg/hour, reduces the onset time of rocuronium, enhances its clinical effects, reduces the dose of intraoperative opiates, and prolongs the spontaneous recovery time. It does not affect the activity of subsequently administered neostigmine.
Sulfonylureas
Magnesium increases the systemic absorption of sulfonylureas, increasing their effects and side effects.
Clinical research shows that administration of magnesium hydroxide with glyburide increases glyburide absorption, increases maximal insulin response by 35-fold, and increases the risk of hypoglycemia, when compared with glyburide alone. A similar interaction occurs between magnesium hydroxide and glipizide. The mechanism of this effect appears to be related to the elevation of gastrointestinal pH by magnesium-based antacids, increasing solubility and enhancing absorption of sulfonylureas.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Magnesium decreases absorption of tetracyclines.
Magnesium can form insoluble complexes with tetracyclines in the gut and decrease their absorption and antibacterial activity. Advise patients to take these drugs 1 hour before or 2 hours after magnesium supplements.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
In vitro evidence shows that magnesium sulfate inhibits platelet aggregation, even at low concentrations. Some preliminary clinical evidence shows that infusion of magnesium sulfate increases bleeding time by 48% and reduces platelet activity. However, other clinical research shows that magnesium does not affect platelet aggregation, although inhibition of platelet-dependent thrombosis can occur.
Gabapentin (Neurontin)
Gabapentin absorption can be decreased by magnesium.
Clinical research shows that giving magnesium oxide orally along with gabapentin decreases the maximum plasma concentration of gabapentin by 33%, time to maximum concentration by 36%, and area under the curve by 43%. Advise patients to take gabapentin at least 2 hours before, or 4 to 6 hours after, magnesium supplements.
Sevelamer (Renagel, Renvela)
Sevelamer may increase serum magnesium levels.
In patients on hemodialysis, sevelamer use was associated with a 0.28 mg/dL increase in serum magnesium. The mechanism of this interaction remains unclear.
Amla
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, Indian gooseberry may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, research is conflicting.
Clinical research shows that taking Indian gooseberry 500 mg as a single dose or twice daily for 10 days reduces platelet aggregation by about 24% to 36%, increases bleeding time by about 3.8-5.9 seconds, and increases clotting time by about 9.8-12.7 seconds when compared to baseline. However, taking Indian gooseberry 500 mg along with clopidogrel 75 mg or ecosprin 75 mg, as a single dose or for 10 days, does not significantly reduce platelet aggregation or increase bleeding time or clotting time when compared with clopidogrel 75 mg or ecosprin 75 mg alone. Until more is known, use caution when taking Indian gooseberry in combination with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Taking Indian gooseberry with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research shows that taking Indian gooseberry fruit or fruit extract alone or in conjunction with antidiabetes medications can lower blood glucose levels. Dose adjustments to diabetes medications might be necessary.
Aspirin
Theoretically, Indian gooseberry may increase the risk of bleeding if used with aspirin; however, research is conflicting.
Clinical research shows that taking Indian gooseberry 500 mg as a single dose or twice daily for 10 days reduces platelet aggregation by about 24% to 36%, increases bleeding time by about 3.8-5.9 seconds, and increases clotting time by about 9.8-12.7 seconds when compared to baseline. However, taking a single dose of Indian gooseberry 500 mg along with ecosprin 75 mg, or taking a combination of Indian gooseberry 500 mg twice daily plus ecosprin 75 mg once daily for 10 days, does not significantly reduce platelet aggregation or increase bleeding time or clotting time when compared with ecosprin 75 mg alone.
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Theoretically, Indian gooseberry may increase the risk of bleeding if used with clopidogrel; however, research is conflicting.
Clinical research shows that taking Indian gooseberry 500 mg as a single dose or twice daily for 10 days reduces platelet aggregation by about 24% to 36%, increases bleeding time by about 3.8-5.9 seconds, and increases clotting time by about 9.8-12.7 seconds when compared to baseline. However, taking a single dose of Indian gooseberry 500 mg along with clopidogrel 75 mg, or taking a combination of Indian gooseberry 500 mg twice daily plus clopidogrel 75 mg once daily for 10 days, does not significantly reduce platelet aggregation or increase bleeding time or clotting time when compared with clopidogrel 75 mg alone.
Bromelain
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
There is one case report of a patient experiencing minor bruising while taking bromelain with naproxen. Bromelain is thought to have antiplatelet activity. Whether this interaction is of concern with topical bromelain is unclear. Interference with coagulation of burn wounds has been reported in a patient receiving bromelain-based enzymatic debridement. However, observational research has found that topical bromelain debridement is not associated with increases or decreases in laboratory markers of coagulation when compared with surgical debridement.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Laboratory research suggests that bromelain might increase the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics. However, a study in healthy adults reported no difference in tetracycline plasma levels when a 500 mg dose was taken with or without bromelain 80 mg.
Rutin
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking rutin with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research suggests that rutin has hypoglycemic effects.
Papain
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, papain might increase the effects and side effects of warfarin.
In one case report, a patient previously stable on warfarin was found to have an international normalization ratio (INR) of 7.4, which was attributed to ingestion of a supplement containing papain from papaya extract.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Vitalzym+, from the product label.
World Nutrition Incorporated
See all World Nutrition Incorporated products- Name
- World Nutrition, Inc.
- City
- Scottsdale
- State
- AZ
- ZipCode
- 85253
- Web Address
- www.WorldNutrition.net
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Vitalzym+’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Papain
Interacts with 2 drugsPapain is a protein-digesting enzyme from the papaya plant that is used in digestive supplements and some topical products. While it has clear food and laboratory uses, strong human evidence...
Read the full Papain monograph → Herb & supplement monographBromelain
Interacts with 141 drugsBromelain is a group of protein-digesting enzymes from pineapple that people take mainly for inflammation, swelling, and sinus problems. Some early studies are promising, but the overall evi...
Read the full Bromelain monograph → Herb & supplement monographProteolytic Enzymes (proteases)
Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatin. Peo...
Read the full Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph → Herb & supplement monographLipase
Lipase is a digestive enzyme that helps your body break down dietary fats. It is well established as part of prescription pancreatic enzyme therapy for people who cannot make enough of their...
Read the full Lipase monograph → Herb & supplement monographRutin
Interacts with 86 drugsRutin is a plant flavonoid (often taken from buckwheat or citrus) that people use mainly for blood vessel and circulation problems like varicose veins and hemorrhoids. The evidence is limite...
Read the full Rutin monograph → Herb & supplement monographIndian Gooseberry
Interacts with 208 drugsIndian gooseberry (amla) is a vitamin C-rich fruit used in Ayurvedic medicine for many purposes, from antioxidant support to cholesterol and digestion. Early research is promising for some u...
Read the full Indian Gooseberry monograph → Herb & supplement monographMagnesium
Interacts with 295 drugsMagnesium is an essential mineral your body needs for muscles, nerves, blood pressure, and many other functions, and supplements are useful for preventing or correcting deficiency. Some othe...
Read the full Magnesium monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Vitalzym+'s label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 124 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Papain 11 references
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- Shaw D, Leon C, Kolev S, Murray V. Traditional remedies and food supplements: a 5-year toxicological study (1991-1995). Drug Saf 1997;17:342-56.
- Shuttleworth D, Hill S, Marks R, Connelly DM. Relief of experimentally induced pruritus with a novel eutectic mixture of local anaesthetic agents. Br J Dermatol 1988;119:535-40.
- Mansfield LE, Ting S, Haverly RW, Yoo TJ. The incidence and clinical implications of hypersensitivity to papain in an allergic population, confirmed by blinded oral challenge. Ann Allergy 1985;55:541-3.
- Martin, T., Uhder, K., Kurek, R., Roeddiger, S., Schneider, L., Vogt, H. G., Heyd, R., and Zamboglou, N. Does prophylactic treatment with proteolytic enzymes reduce acute toxicity of adjuvant pelvic irradiation? Results of a double-blind randomized trial PubMed
- Walker-Renard, P. Update on the medicinal management of phytobezoars. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88(10):1663-1666.
- Tymoszuk D, Wiszniewska M, Walusiak-Skorupa J. Papain-induced occupational rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma - A case report. Med Pr 2016;67(1):109-12. PubMed
- Soto-Mera MT, López-Rico MR, Filgueira JF, et al. Occupational allergy to papain. Allergy 2000;55(10):983-4. PubMed
- Tarlo SM, Shaikh W, Bell B, et al. Papain-induced allergic reactions. Clin Allergy 1978;8(3):207-15. PubMed
- Baur X, König G, Bencze K, Fruhmann G. Clinical symptoms and results of skin test, RAST and bronchial provocation test in thirty-three papain workers: Evidence for strong immunogenic potency and clinically relevant proteolytic e?ects of airborne papain. C
- Novey HS, Keenan WJ, Fairshter RD, Wells ID, Wilson AF, Culver BD. Pulmonary disease in workers exposed to papain: clinico-physiological and immunological studies. Clin Allergy 1980;10(6):721-31. PubMed
Bromelain 19 references
- Nettis E, Napoli G, Ferrannini A, Tursi A. IgE-mediated allergy to bromelain. Allergy 2001;56:257-8. PubMed
- Taussig SJ, Batkin S. Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update. J Ethnopharmacol 1988;22:191-203.. PubMed
- Bradbrook ID, Morrison PJ, Rogers HJ. The effect of bromelain on the absorption of orally administered tetracycline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1978;6:552-4. PubMed
- Bush TM, Rayburn KS, Holloway SW, et al. Adverse interactions between herbal and dietary substances and prescription medications: a clinical survey. Altern Ther Health Med 2007;13:30-5.
- Brien S, Lewith G, Walker AF, et al. Bromelain as an adjunctive treatment for moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. QJM 2006;99:841-50. PubMed
- Mori S, Ojima Y, Hirose T, et al. The clinical effect of proteolytic enzyme containing bromelain and trypsin on urinary tract infection evaluated by double blind method. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Jpn 1972;19:147-53.
- Glaser D, Hilberg T. The influence of bromelain on platelet count and platelet activity in vitro. Platelets 2006;17:37-41. PubMed
- Heinicke R M, van der Wal L, Yokoyama M. Effect of bromelain (Ananase) on human platelet aggregation. Experientia 1972;28:844-5. PubMed
- Gailhofer, G., Wilders-Truschnig, M., Smolle, J., and Ludvan, M. Asthma caused by bromelain: an occupational allergy. Clin Allergy 1988;18(5):445-450. PubMed
- Mattei, O., Fabri, G., and Farina, G. [Occupational health experience regarding four cases of asthma due to bromelain (author's transl)]. Medicina del Lavoro 1979;70(5):404-409.
- Galleguillos, F. and Rodriguez, J. C. Asthma caused by bromelin inhalation. Clin Allergy 1978;8(1):21-24. PubMed
- Perez-Camo I, Quirce S, Duran MA, and et al. Latex allergy: evidence of cross-reactivity with papain and bromelain [abstract]. Allergy 1996;51(suppl 31):48.
- Martin GJ, Ehrenreich J, and Asbell N. Bromelain: pineapple proteases with anti-edema activity. Exp Med Surg 1962;20:227-247.
- Kasemsuk T, Saengpetch N, Sibmooh N, Unchern S. Improved WOMAC score following 16-week treatment with bromelain for knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2016 Oct;35(10):2531-40. PubMed
- Kutlu Ö, DemirbaS A, Elmas ÖF, Güvenç U, Metin A. Fixed drug eruption: a new side effect of bromelain. Contact Dermatitis 2020. Online ahead of print. PubMed
- Shoham Y, Shapira E, Haik J, et al. Bromelain-based enzymatic debridement of chronic wounds: Results of a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Wound Repair Regen 2021;29(6):899-907. PubMed
- Pfister P, Garcia Wendel PD, Kim BS, et al. Coagulation side effects of enzymatic debridement in burned patients. Burns 2022. PubMed
- Hasham S, Riyat H, Fletcher A, O'Boyle CP, Alexander S. To bleed or not to bleed? Case series and discussion of haemorrhage risk with enzymatic debridement in burn injuries. Scars Burn Heal 2023;9:20595131231168333. PubMed
- Leelakanok N, Petchsomrit A, Janurai T, Saechan C, Sunsandee N. Efficacy and safety of bromelain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Health 2023. PubMed
Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) 3 references
- Weeks JA, Harper RA, Simon RA, Burdick JD. Assessment of sensitization risk of a laundry pre-spotter containing protease. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2011;30(4):272-9. PubMed
- Marquès LI, Lara S, Abós T, Bartolomé B. Occupational rhinitis due to pepsin. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006;16(2):136-7. DOI
- Cartier A, Malo JL, Pineau L, Dolovich J. Occupational asthma due to pepsin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1984;73(5 Pt 1):574-7. PubMed
See these in context on the Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph →
Lipase 1 reference
- Casper C, Hascoet JM, Ertl T, et al. Recombinant bile salt-stimulated lipase in preterm infant feeding: A randomized phase 3 study. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0156071. PubMed
Rutin 2 references
- Mehta DK (Ex Ed). British National Formulary, Number 37. British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain: London, England, March 1999.
- Sun C, Wang L, Sun J, Wang Z, Tang Z. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of rutin on hyperglycemic rats. J Tradit Chin Med. 2020;40(4):640-645.
Magnesium 82 references
- Rodin SM, Johnson BF. Pharmacokinetic interactions with digoxin. Clin Pharmacokinet 1988;15:227-44.
- Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
- Dahle LO, Berg G, Hammar M, et al. The effect of oral magnesium substitution on pregnancy-induced leg cramps. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;173:175-80. PubMed
- Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
- Peikert A, Wilimzig C, Kohne-Volland R. Prophylaxis of migraine with oral magnesium: results from a prospective, multi-center, placebo-controlled and double-blind randomized study. Cephalalgia 1996;16:257-63. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309063507/html/index.html.
- Birrer RB, Shallash AJ, Totten V. Hypermagnesemia-induced fatality following epsom salt gargles. J Emerg Med 2002;22:185-8. PubMed
- Ryan MP. Diuretics and potassium/magnesium depletion. Directions for treatment. Am J Med 1987;82:38-47.. PubMed
- Hollifield JW. Magnesium depletion, diuretics, and arrhythmias. Am J Med 1987;82:30-7.. PubMed
- Heidenreich O. Mode of action of conventional and potassium-sparing diuretics--aspects with relevance to Mg-sparing effects. Magnesium 1984;3:248-56..
- Pfaffenrath V, Wessely P, Meyer C, et al. Magnesium in the prophylaxis of migraine--a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Cephalalgia 1996;16:436-40.. PubMed
- Wang F, Van Den Eeden SK, Ackerson LM, et al. Oral magnesium oxide prophylaxis of frequent migrainous headache in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Headache 2003;43:601-10.. PubMed
- Sompolinsky D, Samra Z. Influence of magnesium and manganese on some biological and physical properties of tetracycline. J Bacteriol 1972;110:468-76.. PubMed
- Jeyabalan A, Caritis SN. Pharmacologic inhibition of preterm labor. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2002;45:99-113. PubMed
- Mittendorf R, Dambrosia J, Pryde PG, et al. Association between the use of antenatal magnesium sulfate in preterm labor and adverse health outcomes in infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:1111-8.. PubMed
- Witlin AG, Sibai BM. Magnesium sulfate therapy in preeclampsia and eclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 1998;92:883-9.. DOI
- Crowther CA, Hiller JE, Doyle LW. Magnesium sulphate for preventing preterm birth in threatened preterm labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;4:CD001060. . PubMed
- Davey MJ, Teubner D. A randomized controlled trial of magnesium sulfate, in addition to usual care, for rate control in atrial fibrillation. Ann Emerg Med 2005;45:347-53.. PubMed
- L'Hommedieu CS, Nicholas D, Armes DA, et al. Potentiation of magnesium sulfate--induced neuromuscular weakness by gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin. J Pediatr 1983;102:629-31..
- Dunn CJ, Goa KL. Risedronate: a review of its pharmacological properties and clinical use in resorptive bone disease. Drugs 2001;61:685-712..
- Kass L, Weekes J, Carpenter L. Effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012;66:411-8. PubMed
- Koontz SL, Friedman SA, Schwartz ML. Symptomatic hypocalcemia after tocolytic therapy with magnesium sulfate and nifedipine. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190(6):1773-6. PubMed
- Snyder SW, Cardwell MS. Neuromuscular blockade with magnesium sulfate and nifedipine. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989;161(1):35-6. PubMed
- Waisman GD, Mayorga LM, Cámera MI, et al. Magnesium plus nifedipine: potentiation of hypotensive effect in preeclampsia? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;159(2):308-9. PubMed
- Brown DD, Juhl RP. Decreased bioavailability of digoxin due to antacids and kaolin-pectin. N Engl J Med. 1976;295(19):1034-7. PubMed
- Allen MD, Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, et al. Effect of magnesium--aluminum hydroxide and kaolin--pectin on absorption of digoxin from tablets and capsules. J Clin Pharmacol. 1981;21(1):26-30. PubMed
- Ravn HB, Vissinger H, Kristensen SD, et al. Magnesium inhibits platelet activity--an in vitro study. Thromb Haemost. 1996;76(1):88-93. DOI
- Ravn HB, Kristensen SD, Vissinger H, et al. Magnesium inhibits human platelets. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 1996;7(2):241-4. PubMed
- Ravn HB, Vissinger H, Kristensen SD, et al. Magnesium inhibits platelet activity--an infusion study in healthy volunteers. Thromb Haemost. 1996;75(6):939-44. DOI
- Neuvonen PJ, Kivistö KT. The effects of magnesium hydroxide on the absorption and efficacy of two glibenclamide preparations. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;32(2):215-20. PubMed
- Kivistö KT, Neuvonen PJ. Enhancement of absorption and effect of glipizide by magnesium hydroxide. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1991;49(1):39-43. PubMed
- Neuvonen PJ, Kivistö KT. Enhancement of drug absorption by antacids. An unrecognised drug interaction. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1994;27(2):120-8. PubMed
- Shechter, M., Merz, C. N., Paul-Labrador, M., Meisel, S. R., Rude, R. K., Molloy, M. D., Dwyer, J. H., Shah, P. K., and Kaul, S. Beneficial antithrombotic effects of the association of pharmacological oral magnesium therapy with aspirin in coronary heart
- Ganzevoort, J. W., Hoogerwaard, E. M., and van der Post, J. A. [Hypocalcemic delirium due to magnesium sulphate therapy in a pregnant woman with pre-eclampsia]. Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd. 8-3-2002;146(31):1453-1456.
- Horner, S. M. Efficacy of intravenous magnesium in acute myocardial infarction in reducing arrhythmias and mortality. Meta-analysis of magnesium in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1992;86(3):774-779. PubMed
- Azria, E., Tsatsaris, V., Goffinet, F., Kayem, G., Mignon, A., and Cabrol, D. [Magnesium sulfate in obstetrics: current data]. J Gynecol.Obstet.Biol.Reprod.(Paris) 2004;33(6 Pt 1):510-517.
- Magee, L. A., Miremadi, S., Li, J., Cheng, C., Ensom, M. H., Carleton, B., Cote, A. M., and von Dadelszen, P. Therapy with both magnesium sulfate and nifedipine does not increase the risk of serious magnesium-related maternal side effects in women with p
- Henyan, N. N., Gillespie, E. L., White, C. M., Kluger, J., and Coleman, C. I. Impact of intravenous magnesium on post-cardiothoracic surgery atrial fibrillation and length of hospital stay: a meta-analysis. Ann.Thorac.Surg. 2005;80(6):2402-2406. PubMed
- Li, J., Zhang, Q., Zhang, M., and Egger, M. Intravenous magnesium for acute myocardial infarction. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2007;(2):CD002755. PubMed
- Doyle, L. W., Crowther, C. A., Middleton, P., Marret, S., and Rouse, D. Magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2009;(1):CD004661. PubMed
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- Duley, L., Gulmezoglu, A. M., Henderson-Smart, D. J., and Chou, D. Magnesium sulphate and other anticonvulsants for women with pre-eclampsia. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2010;(11):CD000025. PubMed
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- Doyle, L. W. Antenatal magnesium sulfate and neuroprotection. Curr Opin Pediatr 2012;24(2):154-159. PubMed
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- Yagi T, Naito T, Mino Y, Umemura K, Kawakami J. Impact of concomitant antacid administration on gabapentin plasma exposure and oral bioavailability in healthy adult subjects. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2012;27(2):248-54. PubMed
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- Choi ES, Jeong WJ, Ahn SH, Oh AY, Jeon YT, Do SH. Magnesium sulfate accelerates the onset of low-dose rocuronium in patients undergoing laryngeal microsurgery. J Clin Anesth. 2017 Feb;36:102-106. PubMed
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