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NDC 71205-0566-15 AZITHROMYCIN 200 mg/5mL Details
AZITHROMYCIN 200 mg/5mL
AZITHROMYCIN is a ORAL POWDER, FOR SUSPENSION in the HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG category. It is labeled and distributed by Proficient Rx LP. The primary component is AZITHROMYCIN MONOHYDRATE.
MedlinePlus Drug Summary
Azithromycin is used to treat certain bacterial infections, such as bronchitis; pneumonia; sexually transmitted diseases (STD); and infections of the ears, lungs, sinuses, skin, throat, and reproductive organs. Azithromycin also is used to treat or prevent disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection [a type of lung infection that often affects people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)]. Azithromycin is in a class of medications called macrolide antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics such as azithromycin will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections. Using antibiotics when they are not needed increases your risk of getting an infection later that resists antibiotic treatment.
Related Packages: 71205-0566-15Last Updated: 12/01/2022
MedLinePlus Full Drug Details: Azithromycin
Product Information
| NDC | 71205-0566 |
|---|---|
| Product ID | 71205-566_191f951e-0a52-4ecf-992a-ea1afffffab8 |
| Associated GPIs | 03400010001930 |
| GCN Sequence Number | 018544 |
| GCN Sequence Number Description | azithromycin SUSP RECON 200 MG/5ML ORAL |
| HIC3 | W1D |
| HIC3 Description | MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS |
| GCN | 61199 |
| HICL Sequence Number | 006334 |
| HICL Sequence Number Description | AZITHROMYCIN |
| Brand/Generic | Generic |
| Proprietary Name | AZITHROMYCIN |
| Proprietary Name Suffix | n/a |
| Non-Proprietary Name | AZITHROMYCIN |
| Product Type | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG |
| Dosage Form | POWDER, FOR SUSPENSION |
| Route | ORAL |
| Active Ingredient Strength | 200 |
| Active Ingredient Units | mg/5mL |
| Substance Name | AZITHROMYCIN MONOHYDRATE |
| Labeler Name | Proficient Rx LP |
| Pharmaceutical Class | Macrolide Antimicrobial [EPC], Macrolides [CS] |
| DEA Schedule | n/a |
| Marketing Category | ANDA |
| Application Number | ANDA207531 |
| Listing Certified Through | 2024-12-31 |
Package
Package Images
NDC 71205-0566-15 (71205056615)
| NDC Package Code | 71205-566-15 |
|---|---|
| Billing NDC | 71205056615 |
| Package | 15 mL in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (71205-566-15) |
| Marketing Start Date | 2021-05-13 |
| NDC Exclude Flag | N |
| Pricing Information | N/A |
Standard Product Labeling (SPL)/Prescribing Information SPL e1172805-0930-4fb9-8a2f-e0d6a0430630 Details
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
AZITHROMYCIN for oral suspension
Initial U.S. Approval: 1991
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Azithromycin for oral suspension USP is a macrolide antibacterial drug indicated for mild to moderate infections caused by designated, susceptible bacteria: (1)
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- Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in adults (Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.)
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- Acute bacterial sinusitis in adults (Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.)
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- Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections in adults (Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.)
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- Urethritis and cervicitis in adults (Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.)
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- Genital ulcer disease in men (Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.)
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- Acute otitis media in pediatric patients (Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.)
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- Community-acquired pneumonia in adults and pediatric patients (Error! Hyperlink reference not valid., Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.)
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- Pharyngitis/tonsillitis in adults and pediatric patients (Error! Hyperlink reference not valid., Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.)
Limitation of Use: (1)
Azithromycin should not be used in patients with pneumonia who are judged to be inappropriate for oral therapy because of moderate to severe illness or risk factors. (Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.) (1)
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of azithromycin for oral suspension USP and other antibacterial drugs, azithromycin for oral suspension USP should be used only to treat infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. (Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.) (1)
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
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- Adult Patients (2.1)
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- Pediatric Patient(2.2)
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DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
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- Azithromycin for oral suspension 100 mg/5 mL and 200 mg/5 mL (3)
CONTRAINDICATIONS
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- Patients with known hypersensitivity to azithromycin, erythromycin, any macrolide or ketolide drug. (Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.)
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- Patients with a history of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction associated with prior use of azithromycin. (Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.)
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
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- Serious (including fatal) allergic and skin reactions: Discontinue azithromycin if reaction occurs. (5.1)
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- Hepatotoxicity: Severe, and sometimes fatal, hepatotoxicity has been reported. Discontinue azithromycin immediately if signs and symptoms of hepatitis occur. (5.2)
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- Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (IHPS): Following the use of azithromycin in neonates (treatment up to 42 days of life), IHPS has been reported. Direct parents and caregivers to contact their physician if vomiting or irritability with feeding occurs. (5.3)
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- Prolongation of QT interval and cases of torsades de pointes have been reported. This risk which can be fatal should be considered in patients with certain cardiovascular disorders including known QT prolongation or history torsades de pointes, those with proarrhythmic conditions, and with other drugs that prolong the QT interval. (5.4)
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- Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: Evaluate patients if diarrhea occurs. (5.5)
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- Azithromycin may exacerbate muscle weakness in persons with myasthenia gravis. (5.6)
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Most common adverse reactions are diarrhea (5 to 14%), nausea (3 to 18%), abdominal pain (3 to 7 %), or vomiting (2 to 7 %). (6.1)
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Epic Pharma, LLC at 1-888-374-2791 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
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- Nelfinavir: Close monitoring for known adverse reactions of azithromycin, such as liver enzyme abnormalities and hearing impairment, is warranted. (Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.)
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- Warfarin: Use with azithromycin may increase coagulation times; monitor prothrombin time. (Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.)
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
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- Pediatric use: Safety and effectiveness in the treatment of patients under 6 months of age have not been established. (Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.)
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- Geriatric use: Elderly patients may be more susceptible to development of torsades de pointes arrhythmias. (Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.)
See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and FDA-approved patient labeling.
Revised: 11/2022
Table Of Contents
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS*
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
2.1 Adult Patients
2.2 Pediatric Patients1
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
4.1 Hypersensitivity
4.2 Hepatic Dysfunction
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 Hypersensitivity
5.2 Hepatotoxicity
5.3 Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis(IHPS)
5.4 QT Prolongation
5.5 Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea (CDAD)
5.6 Exacerbation of Myasthenia Gravis
5.7 Use in Sexually Transmitted Infections
5.8 Development of Drug-Resistant Bacteria
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
6.2 Postmarketing Experience
6.3 Laboratory Abnormalities
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
7.1 Nelfinavir
7.2 Warfarin
7.3 Potential Drug-Drug Interaction with Macrolides
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
8.1 Pregnancy
8.2 Lactation
8.4 Pediatric Use
8.5 Geriatric Use
10 OVERDOSAGE
11 DESCRIPTION
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1 Mechanism of Action
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
12.4 Microbiology
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology
14 CLINICAL STUDIES
14.1 Adult Patients
14.2 Pediatric Patients
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
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- Sections or subsections omitted from the full prescribing information are not listed.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Azithromycin for oral suspension USP is a macrolide antibacterial drug indicated for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the specific conditions listed below. Recommended dosages and durations of therapy in adult and pediatric patient populations vary in these indications. [see Dosage and Administration (2)]
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
2.1 Adult Patients
[see Error! Hyperlink reference not valid. and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]
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Infection* |
Recommended Dose/Duration of Therapy |
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Community-acquired pneumonia Pharyngitis/tonsillitis (second-line therapy) Skin/skin structure (uncomplicated) |
500 mg as a single dose on Day 1, followed by 250 mg once daily on Days 2 through 5 |
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Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
500 mg once daily for 3 days OR 500 mg as a single dose on Day 1, followed by 250 mg once daily on Days 2 through 5 |
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Acute bacterial sinusitis |
500 mg-once daily for 3 days |
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Genital ulcer disease (chancroid) |
One single 1 gram dose |
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Non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis |
One single 1 gram dose |
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Gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis |
One single 2 gram dose |
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*DUE TO THE INDICATED ORGANISMS [see Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.] |
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Azithromycin tablets can be taken with or without food.
2.2 Pediatric Patients1
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Infection* |
Recommended Dose/Duration of Therapy |
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Acute otitis media |
30 mg/kg as a single dose or 10 mg/kg once daily for 3 days or 10 mg/kg as a single dose on Day 1 followed by 5 mg/kg/day on Days 2 through 5. |
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Acute bacterial sinusitis |
10 mg/kg once daily for 3 days. |
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Community-acquired pneumonia |
10 mg/kg as a single dose on Day 1 followed by 5 mg/kg once daily on Days 2 through 5. |
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Pharyngitis/tonsillitis |
12 mg/kg once daily for 5 days. |
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*DUE TO THE INDICATED ORGANISMS [see Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.] 1see dosing tables below for maximum doses evaluated by indication |
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Azithromycin for oral suspension can be taken with or without food.
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PEDIATRIC DOSAGE GUIDELINES FOR OTITIS MEDIA, ACUTE BACTERIAL SINUSITIS, AND COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA (Age 6 months and above, [see Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.]) Based on Body Weight |
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OTITIS MEDIA AND COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA: (5-Day Regimen)* |
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Dosing Calculated on 10 mg/kg/day Day 1 and 5 mg/kg/day Days 2 to 5. |
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Weight |
100 mg/5 mL |
200 mg/5 mL |
Total mL per Treatment Course |
Total mg per Treatment Course |
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Kg |
Day 1 |
Days 2-5 |
Day 1 |
Days 2-5 | ||
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5 |
2.5 mL; (½ tsp) |
1.25 mL; (¼ tsp) |
7.5 mL |
150 mg |
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10 |
5 mL; (1 tsp) |
2.5 mL; (½ tsp) |
15 mL |
300 mg |
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20 |
5 mL; (1 tsp) |
2.5 mL; (½ tsp) |
15 mL |
600 mg |
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30 |
7.5 mL; (1½ tsp) |
3.75 mL; (¾ tsp) |
22.5 mL |
900 mg |
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40 |
10 mL; (2 tsp) |
5 mL; (1 tsp) |
30 mL |
1200 mg |
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50 and above |
12.5 mL; (2½ tsp) |
6.25 mL; (1¼ tsp) |
37.5 mL |
1500 mg |
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*Effectiveness of the 3-day or 1-day regimen in pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia has not been established.
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OTITIS MEDIA AND ACUTE BACTERIAL SINUSITIS: (3-Day Regimen)* |
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Dosing Calculated on 10 mg/kg/day. |
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Weight |
100 mg/5 mL |
200 mg/5 mL |
Total mL per Treatment Course |
Total mg per Treatment Course |
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Kg |
Days 1-3 |
Days 1-3 |
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5 |
2.5 mL; (½ tsp) |
7.5 mL |
150 mg |
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10 |
5 mL; (1 tsp) |
15 mL |
300 mg |
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20 |
5 mL (1 tsp) |
15 mL |
600 mg |
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30 |
7.5 mL (1½ tsp) |
22.5 mL |
900 mg |
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40 |
10 mL (2 tsp) |
30 mL |
1200 mg |
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50 and above |
12.5 mL (2½ tsp) |
37.5 mL |
1500 mg |
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*Effectiveness of the 5-day or 1-day regimen in pediatric patients with acute bacterial sinusitis has not been established.
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OTITIS MEDIA: (1-Day Regimen) |
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Dosing Calculated on 30mg/kg as a single dose. |
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Weight |
200 mg/5 mL |
Total mL per Treatment Course |
Total mg per Treatment Course |
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Kg |
1-Day Regimen |
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5 |
3.75 mL; (¾ tsp) |
3.75 mL |
150 mg |
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10 |
7.5 mL; (1½ tsp) |
7.5 mL |
300 mg |
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20 |
15 mL; (3 tsp) |
15 mL |
600 mg |
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30 |
22.5 mL; ( 4½ tsp) |
22.5 mL |
900 mg |
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40 |
30 mL;(6 tsp) |
30 mL |
1200 mg |
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50 and above |
37.5 mL; (7½ tsp) |
37.5 mL |
1500 mg |
The safety of re-dosing azithromycin in pediatric patients who vomit after receiving 30 mg/kg as a single dose has not been established. In clinical studies involving 487 patients with acute otitis media given a single 30 mg/kg dose of azithromycin, 8 patients who vomited within 30 minutes of dosing were re-dosed at the same total dose.
Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: The recommended dose of azithromycin for children with pharyngitis/tonsillitis is 12 mg/kg once daily for 5 days. (See chart below.)
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PEDIATRIC DOSAGE GUIDELINES FOR PHARYNGITIS/TONSILLITIS (Age 2 years and above, [see Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.]) Based on Body Weight |
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PHARYNGITIS/TONSILLITIS: (5-Day Regimen) |
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Dosing Calculated on 12 mg/kg/day for 5 days. |
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Weight |
200 mg/5 mL |
Total mL per Treatment Course |
Total mg per Treatment Course |
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Kg |
Day 1-5 |
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8 |
2.5 mL; (½ tsp) |
12.5 mL |
500 mg |
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17 |
5 mL; (1 tsp) |
25 mL |
1000 mg |
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25 |
7.5 mL; (1½ tsp) |
37.5 mL |
1500 mg |
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33 |
10 mL; (2 tsp) |
50 mL |
2000 mg |
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40 |
12.5 mL; (2½ tsp) |
62.5 mL |
2500 mg |
Constituting instructions for Azithromycin Oral Suspension 300, 600, 900, 1200 mg bottles. The table below indicates the volume of water to be used for constitution:
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Amount of water to be added |
Total volume after constitution (azithromycin content) |
Azithromycin concentration after constitution |
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9 mL (300 mg) |
15 mL (300 mg) |
100 mg/5 mL |
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9 mL (600 mg) |
15 mL (600 mg) |
200 mg/5 mL |
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12 mL (900 mg) |
22.5 mL (900 mg) |
200 mg/5 mL |
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15 mL (1200 mg) |
30 mL (1200 mg) |
200 mg/5 mL |
Shake well before each use. Oversized bottle provides shake space. Keep tightly closed.
After mixing, store suspension at 5° to 30°C (41° to 86°F) and use within 10 days. Discard after full dosing is completed.
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 Hypersensitivity
Serious allergic reactions, including angioedema, anaphylaxis, and dermatologic reactions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis have been reported in patients on azithromycin therapy. [see Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.]
Fatalities have been reported. Cases of Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) have also been reported. Despite initially successful symptomatic treatment of the allergic symptoms, when symptomatic therapy was discontinued, the allergic symptoms recurred soon thereafter in some patients without further azithromycin exposure. These patients required prolonged periods of observation and symptomatic treatment. The relationship of these episodes to the long tissue half-life of azithromycin and subsequent prolonged exposure to antigen is presently unknown.
If an allergic reaction occurs, the drug should be discontinued and appropriate therapy should be instituted. Physicians should be aware that allergic symptoms may reappear when symptomatic therapy has been discontinued.
5.2 Hepatotoxicity
Abnormal liver function, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, hepatic necrosis, and hepatic failure have been reported, some of which have resulted in death. Discontinue azithromycin immediately if signs and symptoms of hepatitis occur.
5.3 Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis(IHPS)
Following the use of azithromycin in neonates (treatment up to 42 days of life), IHPS has been reported. Direct parents and caregivers to contact their physician if vomiting or irritability with feeding occurs.
5.4 QT Prolongation
Prolonged cardiac repolarization and QT interval, imparting a risk of developing cardiac arrhythmia and torsades de pointes, have been seen with treatment with macrolides, including azithromycin. Cases of torsades de pointes have been spontaneously reported during postmarketing surveillance in patients receiving azithromycin. Providers should consider the risk of QT prolongation which can be fatal when weighing the risks and benefits of azithromycin for at-risk groups including:
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- patients with known prolongation of the QT interval, a history of torsades de pointes, congenital long QT syndrome, bradyarrhythmias or uncompensated heart failure
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- patients on drugs known to prolong the QT interval
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- patients with ongoing proarrhythmic conditions such as uncorrected hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia, clinically significant bradycardia, and in patients receiving Class IA (quinidine, procainamide) or Class III (dofetilide, amiodarone, sotalol) antiarrhythmic agents.
Elderly patients may be more susceptible to drug-associated effects on the QT interval.
5.5 Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea (CDAD)
Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including azithromycin, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon, leading to overgrowth of C. difficile.
C. difficileproduces toxins A and B which contribute to the development of CDAD. Hypertoxin producing strains of C. difficilecause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antibacterial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibiotic use. Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over two months after the administration of antibacterial agents.
If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibiotic use not directed against C. difficile may need to be discontinued. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibiotic treatment of C. difficile, and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated.
5.6 Exacerbation of Myasthenia Gravis
Exacerbation of symptoms of myasthenia gravis and new onset of myasthenic syndrome have been reported in patients receiving azithromycin therapy.
5.7 Use in Sexually Transmitted Infections
Azithromycin, at the recommended dose, should not be relied upon to treat syphilis. Antibacterial agents used to treat non-gonococcal urethritis may mask or delay the symptoms of incubating syphilis. All patients with sexually transmitted urethritis or cervicitis should have a serologic test for syphilis and appropriate testing for gonorrhea performed at the time of diagnosis. Appropriate antibacterial therapy and follow-up tests for these diseases should be initiated if infection is confirmed.
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
In clinical trials, most of the reported side effects were mild to moderate in severity and were reversible upon discontinuation of the drug. Potentially serious adverse reactions of angioedema and cholestatic jaundice were reported. Approximately 0.7% of the patients (adults and pediatric patients) from the 5-day multiple-dose clinical trials discontinued azithromycin therapy because of treatment-related adverse reactions. In adults given 500 mg/day for 3 days, the discontinuation rate due to treatment-related adverse reactions was 0.6%. In clinical trials in pediatric patients given 30 mg/kg, either as a single dose or over 3 days, discontinuation from the trials due to treatment-related adverse reactions was approximately 1%. Most of the adverse reactions leading to discontinuation were related to the gastrointestinal tract, e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain. [see Clinical Studies (14.2)]
6.2 Postmarketing Experience
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of azithromycin. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Adverse reactions reported with azithromycin during the postmarketing period in adult and/or pediatric patients for which a causal relationship may not be established include:
Allergic: Arthralgia, edema, urticaria, and angioedema.
Cardiovascular: Arrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia and hypotension. There have been reports of QT prolongation and torsades de pointes.
Gastrointestinal: Anorexia, constipation, dyspepsia, flatulence, vomiting/diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, pancreatitis, oral candidiasis, pyloric stenosis, and reports of tongue discoloration.
General: Asthenia, paresthesia, fatigue, malaise, and anaphylaxis
Genitourinary: Interstitial nephritis and acute renal failure and vaginitis.
Hematopoietic: Thrombocytopenia.
Liver/Biliary: Abnormal liver function, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, hepatic necrosis, and hepatic failure. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
Nervous System: Convulsions, dizziness/vertigo, headache, somnolence, hyperactivity, nervousness, agitation, and syncope.
Psychiatric: Aggressive reaction and anxiety.
Skin/Appendages: Pruritus serious skin reactions including erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and DRESS.
Special Senses: Hearing disturbances including hearing loss, deafness and/or tinnitus, and reports of taste/smell perversion and/or loss.
6.3 Laboratory Abnormalities
Adults:
Clinically significant abnormalities (irrespective of drug relationship) occurring during the clinical trials were reported as follows: with an incidence of greater than 1%: decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and blood glucose; elevated serum creatine phosphokinase, potassium, ALT, GGT, AST, BUN, creatinine, blood glucose, platelet count, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils; with an incidence of less than 1%: leukopenia, neutropenia, decreased sodium, potassium, platelet count, elevated monocytes, basophils, bicarbonate, serum alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, LDH, and phosphate. The majority of subjects with elevated serum creatinine also had abnormal values at baseline. When follow-up was provided, changes in laboratory tests appeared to be reversible.
In multiple-dose clinical trials involving more than 5000 patients, four patients discontinued therapy because of treatment-related liver enzyme abnormalities and one because of a renal function abnormality.
Pediatric Patients:
One, Three, and Five-Day Regimens
Laboratory data collected from comparative clinical trials employing two 3-day regimens (30 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg in divided doses over 3 days), or two 5-day regimens (30 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg in divided doses over 5 days) were similar for regimens of azithromycin and all comparators combined, with most clinically significant laboratory abnormalities occurring at incidences of 1-5%. Laboratory data for patients receiving 30 mg/kg as a single dose were collected in one single center trial. In that trial, an absolute neutrophil count between 500-1500 cells/mm3 was observed in 10/64 patients receiving 30 mg/kg as a single dose, 9/62 patients receiving 30 mg/kg given over 3 days, and 8/63 comparator patients. No patient had an absolute neutrophil count <500 cells/mm3.
In multiple-dose clinical trials involving approximately 4700 pediatric patients, no patients discontinued therapy because of treatment-related laboratory abnormalities.
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
7.1 Nelfinavir
Co-administration of nelfinavir at steady-state with a single oral dose of azithromycin resulted in increased azithromycin serum concentrations. Although a dose adjustment of azithromycin is not recommended when administered in combination with nelfinavir, close monitoring for known adverse reactions of azithromycin, such as liver enzyme abnormalities and hearing impairment, is warranted. [see Adverse Reactions (6)]
7.2 Warfarin
Spontaneous postmarketing reports suggest that concomitant administration of azithromycin may potentiate the effects of oral anticoagulants such as warfarin, although the prothrombin time was not affected in the dedicated drug interaction study with azithromycin and warfarin. Prothrombin times should be carefully monitored while patients are receiving azithromycin and oral anticoagulants concomitantly.
7.3 Potential Drug-Drug Interaction with Macrolides
Interactions with digoxin, colchicine or phenytoin have not been reported in clinical trials with azithromycin. No specific drug interaction studies have been performed to evaluate potential drug-drug interaction. However, drug interactions have been observed with other macrolide products. Until further data are developed regarding drug interactions when digoxin or phenytoin are used with azithromycin careful monitoring of patients is advised.
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
8.1 Pregnancy
Risk Summary
Available data from published literature and postmarketing experience over several decades with azithromycin use in pregnant women have not identified any drug-associated risks for major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes (see Data). Developmental toxicity studies with azithromycin in rats, mice, and rabbits showed no drug-induced fetal malformations at doses up to 4, 2, and 2 times, respectively, an adult human daily dose of 500 mg based on body surface area. Decreased viability and delayed development were observed in the offspring of pregnant rats administered azithromycin from day 6 of pregnancy through weaning at a dose equivalent to 4 times an adult human daily dose of 500 mg based on body surface area (see Data).
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.
Data
Human Data
Available data from published observational studies, case series, and case reports over several decades do not suggest an increased risk for major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes with azithromycin use in pregnant women. Limitations of these data include the lack of randomization and inability to control for confounders such as underlying maternal disease and maternal use of concomitant medications.
Animal Data
Azithromycin administered during the period of organogenesis did not cause fetal malformations in rats and mice at oral doses up to 200 mg/kg/day (moderately maternally toxic). Based on body surface area, this dose is approximately 4 (rats) and 2 (mice) times an adult human daily dose of 500 mg. In rabbits administered azithromycin at oral doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/day during organogenesis, reduced maternal body weight and food consumption were observed in all groups; no evidence of fetotoxicity or teratogenicity was observed at these doses, the highest of which is estimated to be 2 times an adult human daily dose of 500 mg based on body surface area.
In a pre-and postnatal development study, azithromycin was administered orally to pregnant rats from day 6 of pregnancy until weaning at doses of 50 or 200 mg/kg/day. Maternal toxicity (reduced food consumption and body weight gain; increased stress at parturition) was observed at the higher dose. Effects in the offspring were noted at 200 mg/kg/day during the postnatal development period (decreased viability, delayed developmental landmarks). These effects were not observed in a pre-and postnatal rat study when up to 200 mg/kg/day of azithromycin was given orally beginning on day 15 of pregnancy until weaning.
8.2 Lactation
Risk Summary
Azithromycin is present in human milk (see Data). Non-serious adverse reactions have been reported in breastfed infants after maternal administration of azithromycin (see Clinical Considerations). There are no available data on the effects of azithromycin on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for azithromycin and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from azithromycin or from the underlying maternal condition.
Clinical Considerations
Advise women to monitor the breastfed infant for diarrhea, vomiting, or rash.
Data
Azithromycin breastmilk concentrations were measured in 20 women after receiving a single 2 g oral dose of azithromycin during labor. Breastmilk samples collected on days 3 and 6 postpartum as well as 2 and 4 weeks postpartum revealed the presence of azithromycin in breastmilk up to 4 weeks after dosing. In another study, a single dose of azithromycin 500 mg was administered intravenously to 8 women prior to incision for cesarean section. Breastmilk (colostrum) samples obtained between 12 and 48 hours after dosing revealed that azithromycin persisted in breastmilk up to 48 hours.
8.4 Pediatric Use
[see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3), Error! Hyperlink reference not valid., and Dosage and Administration (2.2)]
Safety and effectiveness in the treatment of pediatric patients with acute otitis media, acute bacterial sinusitis and community-acquired pneumonia under 6 months of age have not been established. Use of azithromycin for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis and community-acquired pneumonia in pediatric patients (6 months of age or greater) is supported by adequate and well-controlled trials in adults.
Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: Safety and effectiveness in the treatment of pediatric patients with pharyngitis/tonsillitis under 2 years of age have not been established.
8.5 Geriatric Use
In multiple-dose clinical trials of oral azithromycin, 9% of patients were at least 65 years of age (458/4949) and 3% of patients (144/4949) were at least 75 years of age. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in response between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.
Elderly patients may be more susceptible to development of torsades de pointes arrhythmias than younger patients. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
10 OVERDOSAGE
11 DESCRIPTION
Azithromycin for oral suspension USP contains the active ingredient azithromycin monohydrate, USP, a macrolide antibacterial drug, for oral administration. Azithromycin has the chemical name (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-α-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-β-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one monohydrate. Azithromycin is derived from erythromycin; however, it differs chemically from erythromycin in that a methyl-substituted nitrogen atom is incorporated into the lactone ring. Its molecular formula is C38H72N2O12∙H2O, and its molecular weight is 767.00. Azithromycin has the following structural formula:
Azithromycin, USP, as the monohydrate, is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a molecular formula of C38H72N2O12•H2O and a molecular weight of 767.00.
Azithromycin for Oral Suspension USP is supplied in bottles containing azithromycin monohydrate powder equivalent to 300 mg, 600 mg, 900 mg, or 1200 mg azithromycin, USP per bottle and the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, FD & C Red No. 40 Aluminum Lake, hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium phosphate tribasic anhydrous, sucrose, natural and artificial banana flavor, natural and artificial cherry flavor and xanthan gum. After constitution, each 5 mL of suspension contains 100 mg or 200 mg of azithromycin, USP. The dry powder before constitution is off-white to pinkish in color. The suspension after constitution is pink to red in color.
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1 Mechanism of Action
Azithromycin is a macrolide antibacterial drug. [see Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.]
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
Based on animal models of infection, the antibacterial activity of azithromycin appears to correlate with the ratio of area under the concentration-time curve to minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC) for certain pathogens (S. pneumoniae and S. aureus). The principal pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameter best associated with clinical and microbiological cure has not been elucidated in clinical trials with azithromycin.
Cardiac Electrophysiology
QTc interval prolongation was studied in a randomized, placebo-controlled parallel trial in 116 healthy subjects who received either chloroquine (1000 mg) alone or in combination with oral azithromycin (500 mg, 1000 mg, and 1500 mg once daily). Co-administration of azithromycin increased the QTc interval in a dose- and concentration-dependent manner. In comparison to chloroquine alone, the maximum mean (95% upper confidence bound) increases in QTcF were 5 (10) ms, 7 (12) ms and 9 (14) ms with the co-administration of 500 mg, 1000 mg and 1500 mg azithromycin, respectively.
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
Following oral administration of a single 500 mg dose (two 250 mg tablets) to 36 fasted healthy male volunteers, the mean (SD) pharmacokinetic parameters were AUC0-72=4.3 (1.2) mcg∙hr/mL; Cmax=0.5 (0.2) mcg/mL; Tmax =2.2 (0.9) hours. Two azithromycin 250 mg tablets are bioequivalent to a single 500 mg tablet.
In a two-way crossover study, 12 adult healthy volunteers (6 males, 6 females) received 1500 mg of azithromycin administered in single daily doses over either 5 days (two 250 mg tablets on day 1, followed by one 250 mg tablet on days 2 to 5) or 3 days (500 mg per day for days 1 to 3). Due to limited serum samples on day 2 (3 day regimen) and days 2 to 4 (5 day regimen), the serum concentration-time profile of each subject was fit to a 3-compartment model and the AUC0-∞ for the fitted concentration profile was comparable between the 5 day and 3 day regimens.
|
3-Day Regimen |
5-Day Regimen |
|||
|
Pharmacokinetic Parameter [mean (SD)] |
Day 1 |
Day 3 |
Day 1 |
Day 5 |
|
Cmax (serum, mcg/mL) |
0.44 (0.22) |
0.54 (0.25) |
0.43 (0.20) |
0.24 (0.06) |
|
Serum AUC0-∞ (mcg∙hr/mL) |
17.4 (6.2)* |
14.9 (3.1)* |
||
|
Serum T½ |
71.8 hr |
68.9 hr |
||
|
*Total AUC for the entire 3-day and 5 day regimens. |
||||
Absorption
The absolute bioavailability of azithromycin 250 mg capsules is 38%.
In a two-way crossover study in which 12 healthy subjects received a single 500 mg dose of azithromycin (two 250 mg tablets) with or without a high fat meal, food was shown to increase Cmax by 23% but had no effect on AUC.
When azithromycin oral suspension was administered with food to 28 adult healthy male subjects, Cmax increased by 56% and AUC was unchanged.
Distribution
The serum protein binding of azithromycin is variable in the concentration range approximating human exposure, decreasing from 51% at 0.02 mcg/mL to 7% at 2 mcg/mL.
The antibacterial activity of azithromycin is pH related and appears to be reduced with decreasing pH, However, the extensive distribution of drug to tissues may be relevant to clinical activity.
Azithromycin has been shown to penetrate into human tissues, including skin, lung, tonsil, and cervix. Extensive tissue distribution was confirmed by examination of additional tissues and fluids (bone, ejaculum, prostate, ovary, uterus, salpinx, stomach, liver, and gallbladder). As there are no data from adequate and well-controlled studies of azithromycin treatment of infections in these additional body sites, the clinical significance of these tissue concentration data is unknown.
Following a regimen of 500 mg on the first day and 250 mg daily for 4 days, very low concentrations were noted in cerebrospinal fluid (less than 0.01 mcg/mL) in the presence of noninflamed meninges.
Metabolism
In vitro and in vivo studies to assess the metabolism of azithromycin have not been performed.
Elimination
Plasma concentrations of azithromycin following single 500 mg oral and IV doses declined in a polyphasic pattern resulting in a mean apparent plasma clearance of 630 mL/min and terminal elimination half-life of 68 hours. The prolonged terminal half-life is thought to be due to extensive uptake and subsequent release of drug from tissues. Biliary excretion of azithromycin, predominantly as unchanged drug, is a major route of elimination. Over the course of a week, approximately 6% of the administered dose appears as unchanged drug in urine.
12.4 Microbiology
Mechanism of Action
Azithromycin acts by binding to the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible microorganisms inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and impeding the assembly of the 50S ribosomal subunit.
Resistance
Azithromycin demonstrates cross resistance with erythromycin. The most frequently encountered mechanism of resistance to azithromycin is modification of the 23S rRNA target, most often by methylation. Ribosomal modifications can determine cross resistance to other macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B (MLSβ phenotype).
Antimicrobial Activity
Azithromycin has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and in clinical infections. [see Indications and Usage (1)]
Gram-Positive Bacteria
- •
- Staphylococcus aureus
- •
- Streptococcus agalactiae
- •
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- •
- Streptococcus pyogenes
Gram-Negative Bacteria
- •
- Haemophilus ducreyi
- •
- Haemophilus influenzae
- •
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- •
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Other Bacteria
- •
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
- •
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- •
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
The following in vitro data are available, but their clinical significance is unknown. At least 90 percent of the following bacteria exhibit an in vitro minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) less than or equal to the susceptible breakpoint for azithromycin against isolates of similar genus or organism group. However, the efficacy of azithromycin in treating clinical infections caused by these bacteria has not been established in adequate and well-controlled clinical trials.
Gram-Positive Bacteria
- •
- Beta-hemolytic streptococci (Groups C, F, G)
- •
- Viridans group streptococci
Gram-Negative Bacteria
- •
- Bordetella pertussis
- •
- Legionella pneumophila
Anaerobic Bacteria
- •
- Prevotella bivia
- •
- Peptostreptococcus species
Other Bacteria
- •
- Ureaplasma urealyticum
Susceptibility Testing
For specific information regarding susceptibility test interpretive criteria and associated test methods and quality control standards recognized by FDA for this drug, please see: https://www.fda.gov/STIC.
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Long-term studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential. Azithromycin has shown no mutagenic potential in standard laboratory tests: mouse lymphoma assay, human lymphocyte clastogenic assay, and mouse bone marrow clastogenic assay. In fertility studies conducted in male and female rats, oral administration of azithromycin for 64 to 66 days (males) or 15 days (females) prior to and during cohabitation resulted in decreased pregnancy rate at 20 and 30 mg/kg/day when both males and females were treated with azithromycin. This minimal effect on pregnancy rate (approximately 12% reduction compared to concurrent controls) did not become more pronounced when the dose was increased from 20 to 30 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.4 to 0.6 times the adult daily dose of 500 mg based on body surface area) and it was not observed when only one animal in the mated pair was treated. There were no effects on any other reproductive parameters, and there were no effects on fertility at 10 mg/kg/day. The relevance of these findings to patients being treated with azithromycin at the doses and durations recommended in the prescribing information is uncertain.
13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology
Phospholipidosis (intracellular phospholipid accumulation) has been observed in some tissues of mice, rats, and dogs given multiple doses of azithromycin. It has been demonstrated in numerous organ systems (e.g., eye, dorsal root ganglia, liver, gallbladder, kidney, spleen, and/or pancreas) in dogs and rats treated with azithromycin at doses which, expressed on the basis of body surface area, are similar to or less than the highest recommended adult human dose. This effect has been shown to be reversible after cessation of azithromycin treatment. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, phospholipidosis has been seen in the rat (50 mg/kg/day dose) at the observed maximal plasma concentration of 1.3 mcg/mL (1.6 times the observed Cmax of 0.821 mcg/mL at the adult dose of 2 g). Similarly, it has been shown in the dog (10 mg/kg/day dose) at the observed maximal serum concentration of 1 mcg/mL (1.2 times the observed Cmax of 0.821 mcg/mL at the adult dose of 2 g). Phospholipidosis was also observed in neonatal rats dosed for 18 days at 30 mg/kg/day, which is less than the pediatric dose of 60 mg/kg based on the surface area. It was not observed in neonatal rats treated for 10 days at 40 mg/kg/day with mean maximal serum concentrations of 1.86 mcg/mL, approximately 1.5 times the Cmax of 1.27 mcg/mL at the pediatric dose. Phospholipidosis has been observed in neonatal dogs (10 mg/kg/day) at maximum mean whole blood concentrations of 3.54 mcg/mL, approximately 3 times the pediatric dose Cmax. The significance of these findings for animals and for humans is unknown.
14 CLINICAL STUDIES
14.1 Adult Patients
Acute Bacterial Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis
In a randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB), azithromycin (500 mg once daily for 3 days) was compared with clarithromycin (500 mg twice daily for 10 days). The primary endpoint of this trial was the clinical cure rate at Days 21 to 24. For the 304 patients analyzed in the modified intent-to-treat analysis at the Days 21 to 24 visit, the clinical cure rate for 3 days of azithromycin was 85% (125/147) compared to 82% (129/157) for 10 days of clarithromycin.
The following outcomes were the clinical cure rates at the Days 21 to 24 visit for the bacteriologically evaluable patients by pathogen:
|
Pathogen |
Azithromycin (3 Days) |
Clarithromycin (10 Days) |
|
S. pneumoniae |
29/32 (91%) |
21/27 (78%) |
|
H. influenzae |
12/14 (86%) |
14/16 (88%) |
|
M. catarrhalis |
11/12 (92%) |
12/15 (80%) |
Acute Bacterial Sinusitis
In a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy controlled clinical trial of acute bacterial sinusitis, azithromycin (500 mg once daily for 3 days) was compared with amoxicillin/clavulanate (500/125 mg three times a day for 10 days). Clinical response assessments were made at Day 10 and Day 28. The primary endpoint of this trial was prospectively defined as the clinical cure rate at Day 28. For the 594 patients analyzed in the modified intent to treat analysis at the Day 10 visit, the clinical cure rate for 3 days of azithromycin was 88% (268/303) compared to 85% (248/291) for 10 days of amoxicillin/clavulanate. For the 586 patients analyzed in the modified intent to treat analysis at the Day 28 visit, the clinical cure rate for 3 days of azithromycin was 71.5% (213/298) compared to 71.5% (206/288), with a 97.5% confidence interval of –8.4 to 8.3, for 10 days of amoxicillin/clavulanate.
In an open label, non-comparative study requiring baseline transantral sinus punctures, the following outcomes were the clinical success rates at the Day 7 and Day 28 visits for the modified intent to treat patients administered 500 mg of azithromycin once daily for 3 days with the following pathogens:
|
Clinical Success Rates of Azithromycin (500 mg per day for 3 Days) |
||
|
Pathogen |
Day 7 |
Day 28 |
|
S. pneumoniae |
23/26 (88%) |
21/25 (84%) |
|
H. influenzae |
28/32 (87%) |
24/32 (75%) |
|
M. catarrhalis |
14/15 (93%) |
13/15 (87%) |
14.2 Pediatric Patients
From the perspective of evaluating pediatric clinical trials, Days 11 to 14 were considered on-therapy evaluations because of the extended half-life of azithromycin. Days 11 to 14 data are provided for clinical guidance. Days 24 to 32 evaluations were considered the primary test of cure endpoint.
Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis
In three double-blind controlled studies, conducted in the United States, azithromycin (12 mg/kg once a day for 5 days) was compared to penicillin V (250 mg three times a day for 10 days) in the treatment of pharyngitis due to documented Group A β-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS or S. pyogenes). Azithromycin was clinically and microbiologically statistically superior to penicillin at Day 14 and Day 30 with the following clinical success (i.e., cure and improvement) and bacteriologic efficacy rates (for the combined evaluable patient with documented GABHS):
|
Three U.S. Streptococcal Pharyngitis Studies Azithromycin vs. Penicillin V EFFICACY RESULTS |
||
|
Day 14 |
Day 30 |
|
|
Bacteriologic Eradication: | ||
|
323/340 (95%) |
255/330 (77%) |
|
242/332 (73%) |
206/325 (63%) |
|
Clinical Success (cure plus improvement): | ||
|
336/343 (98%) |
310/330 (94%) |
|
284/338 (84%) |
241/325 (74%) |
Approximately 1% of azithromycin-susceptible S. pyogenes isolates were resistant to azithromycin following therapy.
Acute Otitis Media
Efficacy using azithromycin given over 5 days (10 mg/kg on Day 1 followed by 5 mg/kg on Days 2 to 5).
Trial 1
In a double-blind, controlled clinical study of acute otitis media performed in the United States, azithromycin (10 mg/kg on Day 1 followed by 5 mg/kg on Days 2 to 5) was compared to amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium (4:1). For the 553 patients who were evaluated for clinical efficacy, the clinical success rate (i.e., cure plus improvement) at the Day 11 visit was 88% for azithromycin and 88% for the control agent. For the 521 patients who were evaluated at the Day 30 visit, the clinical success rate was 73% for azithromycin and 71% for the control agent.
Trial 2
In a non-comparative clinical and microbiologic trial performed in the United States, where significant rates of beta-lactamase producing organisms (35%) were found, 131 patients were evaluable for clinical efficacy. The combined clinical success rate (i.e., cure and improvement) at the Day 11 visit was 84% for azithromycin. For the 122 patients who were evaluated at the Day 30 visit, the clinical success rate was 70% for azithromycin.
Microbiologic determinations were made at the pre-treatment visit. Microbiology was not reassessed at later visits. The following clinical success rates were obtained from the evaluable group:
|
Pathogen | ||
|
Day 11 |
Day 30 |
|
|
Azithromycin |
Azithromycin |
|
|
S. pneumoniae |
61/74 (82%) |
40/56 (71%) |
|
H. influenzae |
43/54 (80%) |
30/47 (64%) |
|
M. catarrhalis |
28/35 (80%) |
19/26 (73%) |
|
S. pyogenes |
11/11 (100%) |
7/7 (100%) |
|
Overall |
177/217 (82%) |
97/137 (73%) |
Trial 3
In another controlled comparative clinical and microbiologic study of otitis media performed in the United States, azithromycin (10 mg/kg on Day 1 followed by 5 mg/kg on Days 2 to 5) was compared to amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium (4:1). This study utilized two of the same investigators as Protocol 2 (above), and these two investigators enrolled 90% of the patients in Protocol 3. For this reason, Protocol 3 was not considered to be an independent study. Significant rates of beta-lactamase producing organisms (20%) were found. Ninety-two (92) patients were evaluable for clinical and microbiologic efficacy. The combined clinical success rate (i.e., cure and improvement) of those patients with a baseline pathogen at the Day 11 visit was 88% for azithromycin vs. 100% for control; at the Day 30 visit, the clinical success rate was 82% for azithromycin vs. 80% for control.
Microbiologic determinations were made at the pre-treatment visit. Microbiology was not reassessed at later visits. At the Day 11 and Day 30 visits, the following clinical success rates were obtained from the evaluable group:
|
Day 11 |
Day 30 |
|||
|
Pathogen |
Azithromycin |
Control |
Azithromycin |
Control |
|
S. pneumoniae |
25/29 (86%) |
26/26 (100%) |
22/28 (79%) |
18/22 (82%) |
|
H. influenzae |
9/11 (82%) |
9/9 (100%) |
8/10 (80%) |
6/8 (75%) |
|
M. catarrhalis |
7/7 (100%) |
5/5 (100%) |
5/5 (100%) |
2/3 (66%) |
|
S. pyogenes |
2/2 (100%) |
5/5 (100%) |
2/2 (100%) |
4/4 (100%) |
|
Overall |
43/49 (88%) |
45/45 (100%) |
37/45 (82%) |
30/37 (81%) |
Efficacy using azithromycin given over 3 days (10 mg/kg/day).
Trial 4
In a double-blind, controlled, randomized clinical study of acute otitis media in pediatric patients from 6 months to 12 years of age, azithromycin (10 mg/kg per day for 3 days) was compared to amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium (7:1) in divided doses q12h for 10 days. Each patient received active drug and placebo matched for the comparator.
For the 366 patients who were evaluated for clinical efficacy at the Day 12 visit, the clinical success rate (i.e., cure plus improvement) was 83% for azithromycin and 88% for the control agent. For the 362 patients who were evaluated at the Days 24 to 28 visits, the clinical success rate was 74% for azithromycin and 69% for the control agent.
Efficacy using azithromycin 30 mg/kg given as a single dose
Trial 5
A double-blind, controlled, randomized trial was performed at nine clinical centers. Pediatric patients from 6 months to 12 years of age were randomized 1:1 to treatment with either azithromycin (given at 30 mg/kg as a single dose on Day 1) or amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium (7:1), divided q12h for 10 days. Each child received active drug, and placebo matched for the comparator.
Clinical response (Cure, Improvement, Failure) was evaluated at End of Therapy (Days 12 to 16) and Test of Cure (Days 28 to 32). Safety was evaluated throughout the trial for all treated subjects. For the 321 subjects who were evaluated at End of Treatment, the clinical success rate (cure plus improvement) was 87% for azithromycin, and 88% for the comparator. For the 305 subjects who were evaluated at Test of Cure, the clinical success rate was 75% for both azithromycin and the comparator.
Trial 6
In a non-comparative clinical and microbiological trial, 248 patients from 6 months to 12 years of age with documented acute otitis media were dosed with a single oral dose of azithromycin (30 mg/kg on Day 1).
For the 240 patients who were evaluable for clinical modified Intent-to-Treat (MITT) analysis, the clinical success rate (i.e., cure plus improvement) at Day 10 was 89% and for the 242 patients evaluable at Days 24 to 28, the clinical success rate (cure) was 85%.
|
Presumed Bacteriologic Eradication |
||
|
Day 10 |
Days 24-28 |
|
|
S. pneumoniae |
70/76 (92%) |
67/76 (88%) |
|
H. influenzae |
30/42 (71%) |
28/44 (64%) |
|
M. catarrhalis |
10/10 (100%) |
10/10 (100%) |
|
Overall |
110/128 (86%) |
105/130 (81%) |
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
Azithromycin for oral suspension USP after constitution contains a banana-cherry flavored suspension. Azithromycin for oral suspension USP is supplied to provide 200 mg/5 mL suspension in bottles as follows:
|
Azithromycin contents per bottle |
NDC |
|
600 mg (15 mL bottle) |
71205-566-15 |
[see Dosage and Administration (2)] for constitution instructions with each bottle type.
Storage: Store dry powder below 30°C (86°F). Store constituted suspension between 5° to 30°C (41° to 86°F) and discard when full dosing is completed.
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
General Patient Counseling
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information).
Azithromycin for oral suspension can be taken with or without food.
Patients should also be cautioned not to take aluminum- and magnesium-containing antacids and azithromycin simultaneously.
The patient should be directed to discontinue azithromycin immediately and contact a physician if any signs of an allergic reaction occur.
Direct parents or caregivers to contact their physician if vomiting and irritability with feeding occurs in the infant.
Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs including azithromycin for oral suspension should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When azithromycin for oral suspension is prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of the therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by azithromycin for oral suspension or other antibacterial drugs in the future.
Diarrhea is a common problem caused by antibacterials which usually ends when the antibacterial is discontinued. Sometimes after starting treatment with antibacterials patients can develop watery and bloody stools (with or without stomach cramps and fever) even as late as two or more months after having taken the last dose of the antibacterial drug. If this occurs, patients should contact their physician as soon as possible.
See FDA-approved Patient Labeling
Manufactured by:
Epic Pharma, LLC
Laurelton, NY 11413
Relabeled by:
Proficient Rx LP
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Revised 05/2019
MF0147REV05/19
OE1490
Patient Information
Azithromycin for Oral Suspension USP
(a-ZITH-roe-MYE-sin)
Read this Patient Information leaflet before you start taking azithromycin for oral suspension and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking to your healthcare provider about your medical condition or your treatment.
What is azithromycin for oral suspension?
Azithromycin for oral suspension is a macrolide antibiotic prescription medicine used in adults 18 years or older to treat certain infections caused by certain germs called bacteria. These bacterial infections include:
- •
- acute worsening of chronic bronchitis
- •
- acute sinus infection
- •
- community-acquired pneumonia
- •
- infected throat or tonsils
- •
- skin infections
- •
- infections of the urethra or cervix
- •
- genital ulcers in men
Azithromycin for oral suspension is also used in children to treat:
- •
- ear infections
- •
- community-acquired pneumonia
- •
- infected throat or tonsils
Azithromycin should not be taken by people who cannot tolerate oral medications because they are very ill or have certain other risk factors including:
- •
- have cystic fibrosis
- •
- have hospital acquired infections
- •
- have known or suspected bacteria in the blood
- •
- need to be in the hospital
- •
- are elderly
- •
- have any medical problems that can lower the ability of the immune system to fight infections
Azithromycin for oral suspension is not for viral infections such as the common cold.
It is not known if azithromycin for oral suspension is safe and effective for genital ulcers in women.
It is not known if azithromycin for oral suspension is safe and effective for children with ear infections, sinus infections, and community-acquired pneumonia under 6 months of age.
It is not known if azithromycin for oral suspension is safe and effective for infected throat or tonsils in children under 2 years of age.
Who should not take azithromycin for oral suspension?
Do not take azithromycin for oral suspension if you:
- •
- have had a severe allergic reaction to certain antibiotics known as macrolides or ketolides including azithromycin and erythromycin.
- •
- have a history of cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction that happened with the use of azithromycin.
What should I tell my healthcare provider before taking azithromycin for oral suspension?
Before you take azithromycin for oral suspension, tell your healthcare provider if you:
- •
- have pneumonia
- •
- have cystic fibrosis
- •
- have known or suspected bacteremia (bacterial infection in the blood)
- •
- have liver or kidney problems
- •
- have an irregular heartbeat, especially a problem called “QT prolongation”
- •
- have a problem that causes muscle weakness (myasthenia gravis)
- •
- have any other medical problems
- •
- are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if azithromycin for oral suspension will harm your unborn baby.
- •
- are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Azithromycin has been reported to pass into breast milk. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to feed your baby while you take azithromycin for oral suspension.
Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and non-prescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
Azithromycin for oral suspension and other medicines may affect each other causing side effects. Azithromycin for oral suspension may affect the way other medicines work, and other medicines may affect how azithromycin for oral suspension works.
Especially tell your healthcare provider if you take:
- •
- nelfinavir
- •
- a blood thinner (warfarin)
- •
- digoxin
- •
- colchicine
- •
- phenytoin
- •
- an antacid that contains aluminum or magnesium
Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of your medicines and show it to your healthcare provider and pharmacist when you get a new medicine.
How should I take azithromycin for oral suspension?
- •
- Take azithromycin for oral suspension exactly as your healthcare provider tells you to take it.
- •
- Azithromycin for oral suspension can be taken with or without food.
- •
- If you take azithromycin for oral suspension, shake the bottle well just before you take it.
- •
- Do not skip any doses of azithromycin for oral suspension or stop taking it, even if you begin to feel better, until you finish your prescribed treatment unless you have a serious allergic reaction or your healthcare provider tells you to stop taking azithromycin for oral suspension. See “What are the possible side effects of azithromycin for oral suspension?” If you skip doses, or do not complete the total course of azithromycin for oral suspension your treatment may not work as well and your infection may be harder to treat. Taking all of your azithromycin for oral suspension doses will help lower the chance that the bacteria will become resistant to azithromycin for oral suspension.
- •
- If the bacteria becomes resistant to azithromycin for oral suspension, azithromycin for oral suspension and other antibiotic medicines may not work for you in the future.
- •
- If you take too much azithromycin for oral suspension, call your healthcare provider or get medical help right away.
What are the possible side effects of azithromycin for oral suspension?
Azithromycin for oral suspension can cause serious side effects, including:
- •
-
Serious allergic reactions. Allergic reactions can happen in people taking azithromycin the active ingredient in azithromycin for oral suspension, even after only 1 dose. Stop taking azithromycin for oral suspension and get emergency medical help right away if you have any of the following symptoms of a severe allergic reaction:
- o
- trouble breathing or swallowing
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- swelling of the lips, tongue, face
- o
- throat tightness, hoarseness
- o
- rapid heartbeat
- o
- faintness
- o
- skin rash (hives)
- o
- new onset of fever and swollen lymph nodes
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- Stop taking azithromycin for oral suspension at the first sign of a skin rash and call your healthcare provider. Skin rash may be a sign of a more serious reaction to azithromycin for oral suspension.
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Liver damage (hepatotoxicity). Hepatotoxicity can happen in people who take azithromycin for oral suspension. Call your healthcare provider right away if you have unexplained symptoms such as:
- o
- nausea or vomiting
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- stomach pain
- o
- fever
- o
- weakness
- o
- abdominal pain or tenderness
- o
- itching
- o
- unusual tiredness
- o
- loss of appetite
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- change in the color of your bowel movements
- o
- dark colored urine
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- yellowing of your skin or of the whites of your eyes
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- Stop taking azithromycin for oral suspension and tell your healthcare provider right away if you have yellowing of your skin or white part of your eyes, or if you have dark urine. These can be signs of a serious reaction to azithromycin for oral suspension (a liver problem).
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Serious heart rhythm changes (QT prolongation and torsades de pointes). Tell your healthcare provider right away if you have a change in your heartbeat (a fast or irregular heartbeat), or if you feel faint and dizzy. Azithromycin for oral suspension may cause a rare heart problem known as prolongation of the QT interval. This condition can cause an abnormal heartbeat and can be very dangerous. The chances of this happening are higher in people:
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- who are elderly
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- with a family history of prolonged QT interval
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- with low blood potassium
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- who take certain medicines to control heart rhythm (antiarrhythmics)
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- Worsening of myasthenia gravis (a problem that causes muscle weakness). Certain antibiotics like azithromycin for oral suspension may cause worsening of myasthenia gravis symptoms, including muscle weakness and breathing problems. Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any worsening muscle weakness or breathing problems.
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- Diarrhea. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you have watery diarrhea, diarrhea that does not go away, or bloody stools. You may experience cramping and a fever. This could happen after you have finished your azithromycin for oral suspension.
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- The most common side effects of azithromycin for oral suspension include:
- o
- nausea
- o
- stomach pain
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- vomiting
These are not all the possible side effects of azithromycin for oral suspension. Tell your healthcare provider about any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
How should I store azithromycin for oral suspension?
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- Store azithromycin for oral suspension at 41°F to 86°F (5°C to 30°C).
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- Keep azithromycin for oral suspension in a tightly closed container.
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- Safely throw away any medicine that is out of date or no longer needed.
Keep azithromycin for oral suspension and all medicines out of the reach of children.
General information about the safe and effective use of azithromycin for oral suspension.
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in the Patient Information leaflet. Do not use azithromycin for oral suspension for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give azithromycin for oral suspension to other people, even if they have the same symptoms you have. It may harm them.
This Patient Information leaflet summarizes the most important information about azithromycin for oral suspension. If you would like more information, talk with your healthcare provider. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about azithromycin for oral suspension that is written for health professionals.
For more information, call Epic Pharma, LLC at 1-888-374-2791.
What are the ingredients in azithromycin for oral suspension USP?
Active ingredient: azithromycin monohydrate, USP
Inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, FD & C Red No. 40 Aluminum Lake, hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium phosphate tribasic anhydrous, sucrose, natural and artificial banana flavor, natural and artificial cherry flavor and xanthan gum.
This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Manufactured by:
Epic Pharma, LLC
Laurelton, NY 11413
Relabeled by:
Proficient Rx LP
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Revised 05/2019
MF0147REV05/19
OE1490
PACKAGE/LABEL PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL – 600 mg – 200 mg/5 mL - Carton
INGREDIENTS AND APPEARANCE
| AZITHROMYCIN
azithromycin powder, for suspension |
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| Labeler - Proficient Rx LP (079196022) |
| Establishment | |||
| Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proficient Rx LP | 079196022 | RELABEL(71205-566) | |