Pancreatic Enzyme Products Drug Interactions, Uses, Effectiveness, Safety & More
What is this page for?
First and foremost: how Pancreatic Enzyme Products interacts with medications. The heart of this page is the interaction list — every drug Pancreatic Enzyme Products is known to interact with, and how serious each one is.
But these pages have grown well beyond that into a full monograph — what Pancreatic Enzyme Products is, what people use it for and how strong the evidence is, its safety and side effects, and answers to the questions we’re asked most — written and reviewed by the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases, not medical advice, and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Check Pancreatic Enzyme Products against your medication
Add one medicationPancreatic Enzyme Products Drug Interactions: The Bottom Line
From the HelloPharmacist Editorial Team · Updated July 2026Based on the available evidence, the overall risk of a clinically significant Pancreatic Enzyme Products drug interaction appears low for most people. Only a single interaction is documented, it is rated moderate rather than major, and the supporting evidence is theoretical rather than proven in people.
The one combination worth knowing about involves acarbose, a medication used to manage blood sugar in diabetes. In theory, the digestive enzymes in pancreatic enzyme products could break down acarbose in the gut and make it less effective, which could matter for anyone relying on it for blood sugar control. That said, this concern comes from how the drugs might interact chemically, not from studies showing it actually happens in people, so it remains an unconfirmed possibility rather than an established problem.
Because pancreatic enzyme products simply replace digestive enzymes the pancreas normally makes, their interaction profile is unusually short compared with many supplements. The single listed concern reflects a predicted effect on how one medication is broken down, and no well-documented human interactions have been reported. A short list built on theory means caution is reasonable, but widespread problems have not been shown.
Based on HelloPharmacist’s Pancreatic Enzyme Products interaction data and reviewed under our editorial standards.
Drugs that interact with Pancreatic Enzyme Products
1 medication has a known interaction with Pancreatic Enzyme Products, graded by severity. Select any drug for the full evidence-based detail.
Don’t want to scroll the list? Just ask.
Tell us the medications you take and we’ll check each one against Pancreatic Enzyme Products using our pharmacist-reviewed interaction data.
AI summaries are generated from our Pancreatic Enzyme Products interaction data for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
No drugs match “”.
What Severity, Likelihood & Evidence Mean
Severity — How Serious It Can Be
- Major. Clinically significant; generally best avoided, or used only under direct professional supervision.
- Moderate. May need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one.
- Minor. Generally not clinically significant, but still worth noting and mentioning to your pharmacist.
- No known interaction. Checked against our sources with nothing documented — not the same as proven safety.
Likelihood — How Well It’s Documented
- Likely. Well-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction
- Probable. Interaction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
- Possible. Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists
- Unlikely. Interaction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.
Where This Data Comes From
- Interaction records are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database (TRC Healthcare), the same reference used by pharmacists and hospitals.
- Each drug listed above links to the full report for that exact Pancreatic Enzyme Products combination — clinical detail, likelihood, evidence level, and citations.
- Content is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists — see our data sources and editorial standards.
The kinds of drugs Pancreatic Enzyme Products affects
Every type of medication (drug category) Pancreatic Enzyme Products is known to interact with. Open any category for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Acarbose (Precose, Prandase)
Theoretically, pancreatic enzyme products may reduce the effects of acarbose.
The digestive enzymes present in pancreatic enzyme products may break down acarbose, reducing its effects.
Pancreatic Enzyme Products: Uses, Safety & Side Effects
Pancreatic enzyme products supply the digestive enzymes (lipase, protease, and amylase) that some people cannot make enough of, helping them break down and absorb food. Prescription versions are well-proven and FDA-approved for conditions like cystic fibrosis and chronic pancreatitis, while over-the-counter 'pancreatin' supplements are not as tightly regulated. Always work with a doctor or pharmacist to get the right product and dose.
- Part used
- Pancreatic tissue (usually from pigs or cattle)
- Common forms
- Capsules, delayed-release (enteric-coated) capsules, tablets, and powders
- Trouble digesting food (exocrine pancreatic insufficiency)
- Cystic fibrosis
- Chronic pancreatitis
- After pancreas surgery or removal
- Pancreatic cancer-related digestion problems
- Bloating and gas (over-the-counter products)
Popular and traditional uses — not proof it works. See “Uses & effectiveness” below for the evidence.
Generally well-tolerated when used correctly, but should be guided by a healthcare provider, especially for medical conditions.
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using unless essential for replacement therapy.
Read the full pregnancy detailInsufficient reliable information available; avoid using unless essential for replacement therapy.
Read the full breastfeeding detailPregnancy & breastfeeding ratings are from Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center). Safety guidance is general; always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor for your situation.
Overview
Pancreatic enzyme products (sometimes called pancrelipase or pancreatin) contain a mix of digestive enzymes that normally come from the pancreas. The three main enzymes are lipase (digests fats), protease (digests proteins), and amylase (digests starches and carbohydrates).
These enzymes are usually taken from the pancreas of pigs, and sometimes cattle. They are then purified and made into capsules, tablets, or powders. Many prescription versions are coated so they survive stomach acid and release in the small intestine, where digestion takes place.
People take pancreatic enzymes when their own pancreas cannot make enough enzymes — a problem called exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. This can happen with cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, or after surgery on the pancreas.
How it works
The pancreas normally releases digestive enzymes into the small intestine to break food down into pieces small enough for the body to absorb. When the pancreas is damaged or removed, it cannot make or deliver enough of these enzymes, so food passes through undigested. This can cause weight loss, vitamin deficiencies, and fatty, foul-smelling stools.
Pancreatic enzyme products simply replace the missing enzymes. Lipase breaks down fats, protease breaks down proteins, and amylase breaks down carbohydrates. Taking them with meals and snacks lets the enzymes mix with food and help digestion happen the way it normally would.
Many products are enteric-coated so the enzymes are not destroyed by stomach acid before they reach the small intestine. This is why these capsules usually should not be crushed or chewed unless your pharmacist tells you it is okay.
Does Pancreatic Enzyme Products work?
How to read these evidence grades
Natural Medicines’ 7-point scale. We show each rating’s label word-for-word.
Effective Pancreatic insufficiency
Oral prescription pancreatic enzyme products improve digestion in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency due to various causes. It is unclear if non-prescription pancreatic enzyme products would be beneficial; their use is not recommended.
Also studied for 4 conditions — evidence insufficient to rate
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
It is unclear if oral pancreatic enzyme products are beneficial in children with atopic dermatitis.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate HIV/AIDS
It is unclear if oral pancreatic enzyme products are beneficial in children with HIV.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)
It is unclear if oral pancreatic enzyme products are beneficial in patients with MASLD, previously called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), following pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Pancreatic cancer
It is unclear if oral pancreatic enzyme products improve nutrition status and health in patients with clinically overt exocrine pancreatic insufficiency resulting from pancreatic cancer.
Source & disclaimer. Effectiveness ratings and evidence summaries are provided by Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) and shown as licensed. Where Natural Medicines hasn’t rated a use, HelloPharmacist’s pharmacists may add their own reviewed rating and evidence (each such entry is labeled). This is educational information, not medical advice — talk with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or changing a supplement.
Safety & precautions
Pancreatic enzyme products are generally considered safe when used correctly under medical guidance. However, dosing matters: too little may not fix digestion problems, and very high doses (especially in cystic fibrosis) have been linked to a rare bowel problem called fibrosing colonopathy.
Because most products are made from pig (porcine) tissue, people with pork allergies or certain religious or dietary restrictions should talk with their pharmacist. People with gout or high uric acid should also be cautious, since these enzymes can raise uric acid levels.
For pregnancy and breastfeeding, there is limited research. These products are not significantly absorbed into the bloodstream, but you should only use them when your doctor decides the benefit is worth it. Do not start them on your own during pregnancy or while breastfeeding without medical advice. Always consult a pharmacist or doctor before using these products, especially if you have a medical condition.
Side effects
The most common side effects are related to digestion and may include stomach pain, bloating, gas, nausea, diarrhea, or constipation. Some people notice mouth or throat irritation, especially if a capsule is opened and the contents are held in the mouth.
Less common effects can include skin rash or allergic reactions. People with very high doses may develop unusual bowel problems, so dose changes should be made with a healthcare provider.
Seek medical help right away if you have signs of a serious allergic reaction (trouble breathing, swelling of the face or throat, severe rash) or severe, ongoing belly pain.
Pancreatic Enzyme Products: Reported Adverse Effects
Documented safety reports on Pancreatic Enzyme Products from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database, shown word-for-word from the licensed record.
Orally, prescription pancreatic enzyme products are generally well tolerated when used at prescribed doses in adults and children.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Prescription pancreatic enzyme products can cause abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, flatulence, irritation of the skin around the mouth and anus, nausea, steatorrhea, and vomiting.
Topically: Pancreatic enzyme product powder is irritating to the skin, eyes, mucus membranes, and respiratory tract. Pancreatic enzyme products that are held in the mouth prior to swallowing can cause irritation of the mucosa, including ulceration and stomatitis.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Prescription pancreatic enzyme products can worsen glucose control. Extremely high doses have been associated with fibrosing colonopathy and high uric acid levels in blood and urine.
Topically: Inhalation of dust containing pancreatic enzyme products has been associated with asthma, bronchospasm, and pulmonary hypersensitivity reactions.
Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) Pulmonary/Respiratory
Topically, exposure to pancreatic enzyme product powder is irritating to the respiratory tract. Hypersensitivity reactions such as sneezing have been reported. Inhalation of dust containing pancreatic enzyme products has been associated with allergic rhinitis, asthma, bronchospasm, and pulmonary hypersensitivity reactions.
- McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
- Bergner A, Bergner RK. Pulmonary hypersensitivity associated with pancreatin powder exposure. Pediatrics 1975;55:814-7.
- Wiessmann KJ, Baur X. Occupational lung disease following long-term inhalation of pancreatic extracts. Eur J Respir Dis 1985;66:13-20.
- Shin, S. Y., Hur, G. Y., Ye, Y. M., and Park, H. S. A case of occupational rhinitis caused by porcine pancreatic extract developing into occupational asthma. J Korean Med Sci. 2008;23(2):347-349.
Cancer Endocrine
Orally, prescription pancreatic enzyme products may cause hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia in some patients. In a double-blind trial of a prescription pancreatic enzyme product compared with placebo in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer and associated pancreatic duct obstruction, one patient developed diabetes during the study period.
- O'Keefe, S. J., Cariem, A. K., and Levy, M. The exacerbation of pancreatic endocrine dysfunction by potent pancreatic exocrine supplements in patients with chronic pancreatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001;32(4):319-323.
- Whitcomb DC, Bodhani A, Beckmann K, et al. Efficacy and safety of pancrelipase/pancreatin in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and a medical history of diabetes mellitus. Pancreas. 2016;45(5):679-86.
- Ramesh H, Reddy N, Bhatia S, et al. A 51-week, open-label clinical trial in India to assess the efficacy and safety of pancreatin 40000 enteric-coated minimicrospheres in patients with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency due to chronic pancreatitis. Pancre
- Bruno, M. J., Haverkort, E. B., Tijssen, G. P., Tytgat, G. N., and van Leeuwen, D. J. Placebo controlled trial of enteric coated pancreatin microsphere treatment in patients with unresectable cancer of the pancreatic head region. Gut 1998;42(1):92-96.
Cluster headache Neurologic/CNS
Orally, headache and dizziness have been reported rarely in individuals taking prescription pancreatic enzyme products.
- Halm, U., Loser, C., Lohr, M., Katschinski, M., and Mossner, J. A double-blind, randomized, multicentre, crossover study to prove equivalence of pancreatin minimicrospheres versus microspheres in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Aliment.Pharmacol.Ther.
- Seiler CM, Izbicki J, Varga-Szabó L, et al. Randomised clinical trial: a 1-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of pancreatin 25 000 Ph. Eur. minimicrospheres (Creon 25000 MMS) for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency after pancreatic surgery, with a
- Trapnell BC, Maguiness K, Graff GR, Boyd D, Beckmann K, Caras S. Efficacy and safety of Creon 24,000 in subjects with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency due to cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2009;8(6):370-7.
Constipation Gastrointestinal
Orally, prescription pancreatic enzyme products can cause abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, irritation of the skin around the mouth and anus, flatulence, nausea, steatorrhea, and vomiting. However, these symptoms can be controlled by following prescription dosing recommendations. Doses of higher than 2500 lipase units/kg body weight per meal are not recommended unless medically necessary in order to prevent serious side effects, including fibrosing colonopathy and colonic strictures. These side effects are associated with the higher doses of lipase in prescription pancreatic enzyme products.
Topically, pancreatic enzyme products that are held in the mouth prior to swallowing can cause irritation of the mucosa, including ulceration and stomatitis.
- Bragelmann, R., Armbrecht, U., Rosemeyer, D., Schneider, B., Zilly, W., and Stockbrugger, R. W. The effect of pancreatic enzyme supplementation in patients with steatorrhoea after total gastrectomy. Eur.J Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 1999;11(3):231-237.
- Halm, U., Loser, C., Lohr, M., Katschinski, M., and Mossner, J. A double-blind, randomized, multicentre, crossover study to prove equivalence of pancreatin minimicrospheres versus microspheres in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Aliment.Pharmacol.Ther.
- Andersen, H. O., Hjelt, K., Waever, E., and Overgaard, K. The age-related incidence of meconium ileus equivalent in a cystic fibrosis population: the impact of high-energy intake. J Pediatr Gastroenterol.Nutr 1990;11(3):356-360.
- Ramo, O. J., Puolakkainen, P. A., Seppala, K., and Schroder, T. M. Self-administration of enzyme substitution in the treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Scand.J Gastroenterol. 1989;24(6):688-692.
- Aparisi, L., Rodrigo, J. M., Serra, M. A., Del Olmo, J., Bisquert, M., and Raga, F. [Efficacy of a new microencapsulated pancreatin versus a conventional preparation, in the treatment of steatorrhea of pancreatic origin]. Rev.Esp.Enferm.Apar.Dig. 1989;76
- Ansaldi-Balocco, N., Santini, B., and Sarchi, C. Efficacy of pancreatic enzyme supplementation in children with cystic fibrosis: comparison of two preparations by random crossover study and a retrospective study of the same patients at two different ages
- Beverley, D. W., Kelleher, J., Macdonald, A., Littlewood, J. M., Robinson, T., and Walters, M. P. Comparison of four pancreatic extracts in cystic fibrosis. Arch Dis.Child 1987;62(6):564-568.
- Silber, W. Pankreoflat in benign diseases of the oesophagus: a blind therapeutic trial. S.Afr.Med J 7-7-1973;47(26):1137-1138.
- Chazalette, J. P. A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Pancreatic Enzyme Formulation (Panzytrat 25 000) in the Treatment of Impaired Lipid Digestion in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. Drug Investigation 1993;5(5):274.
- Seiler CM, Izbicki J, Varga-Szabó L, et al. Randomised clinical trial: a 1-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of pancreatin 25 000 Ph. Eur. minimicrospheres (Creon 25000 MMS) for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency after pancreatic surgery, with a
- Whitcomb DC, Bodhani A, Beckmann K, et al. Efficacy and safety of pancrelipase/pancreatin in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and a medical history of diabetes mellitus. Pancreas. 2016;45(5):679-86.
- Toskes PP, Secci A, Thieroff-Ekerdt R; ZENPEP Study Group. Efficacy of a novel pancreatic enzyme product, EUR-1008 (Zenpep), in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency due to chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas. 2011;40(3):376-82.
- Kahl S, Schütte K, Glasbrenner B, et al. The effect of oral pancreatic enzyme supplementation on the course and outcome of acute pancreatitis: a randomized, double-blind parallel-group study. JOP. 2014;15(2):165-74.
- Carroccio A, Guarino A, Zuin G, et al. Efficacy of oral pancreatic enzyme therapy for the treatment of fat malabsorption in HIV-infected patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001;15(10):1619-25.
- Guidance for Industry Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Drug Products - Submitting NDAs. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/ucm/groups/fdagov-public/@fdagov-drugs-gen/documents/document/ucm071651.pdf. Accessed March 29, 2019.
- Smyth RL, van Velzen D, Smyth AR, et al. Strictures of ascending colon in cystic fibrosis and high-strength pancreatic enzymes. Lancet 1994;343:85-6.
- Oades, P. J., Bush, A., Ong, P. S., and Brereton, R. J. High-strength pancreatic enzyme supplements and large-bowel stricture in cystic fibrosis. Lancet 1-8-1994;343(8889):109.
- Mac Sweeney, E. J., Oades, P. J., Buchdahl, R., Rosenthal, M., and Bush, A. Relation of thickening of colon wall to pancreatic-enzyme treatment in cystic fibrosis. Lancet 3-25-1995;345(8952):752-756.
- Jones, R., Franklin, K., Spicer, R., and Berry, J. Colonic strictures in children with cystic fibrosis on low-strength pancreatic enzymes. Lancet 8-19-1995;346(8973):499.
- Taylor, C. J. and Steiner, G. M. Fibrosing colonopathy in a child on low-dose pancreatin. Lancet 10-21-1995;346(8982):1106-1107.
- Ong, P. S., Oades, P. J., Bush, A., and Brereton, R. J. Colonic stricture in a boy with cystic fibrosis. Postgrad.Med J 1995;71(835):309-312.
- Milla, C. E., Wielinski, C. L., and Warwick, W. J. High-strength pancreatic enzymes. Lancet 3-5-1994;343(8897):599.
- McHugh, K., Thomson, A., and Tam, P. Case report: colonic stricture and fibrosis associated with high-strength pancreatic enzymes in a child with cystic fibrosis. Br.J Radiol. 1994;67(801):900-901.
- Lancellotti, L., Cabrini, G., Zanolla, L., and Mastella, G. High- versus low-lipase acid-resistant enzyme preparations in cystic fibrosis: a crossover randomized clinical trial. J Pediatr.Gastroenterol.Nutr. 1996;22(1):73-78.
- FitzSimmons, S. C., Burkhart, G. A., Borowitz, D., Grand, R. J., Hammerstrom, T., Durie, P. R., Lloyd-Still, J. D., and Lowenfels, A. B. High-dose pancreatic-enzyme supplements and fibrosing colonopathy in children with cystic fibrosis. N.Engl.J Med 5-1-
- McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
Erythema Dermatologic
Orally, rash or skin conditions have been reported rarely in individuals taking prescription pancreatic enzyme products. A pruritic rash occurred in one patient taking a prescription pancreatic enzyme product in one clinical trial; this event was considered by the investigators to be possibly related to treatment. Erythema also occurred in an 84-year-old patient who had taken a digestive enzyme supplement containing pancreatic enzymes and other enzymes. In a case report, taking a supplemental form of pancreatic enzymes also containing hemicellulose and dried ox bile extract powder (Festal, Handok Inc) was thought to be the cause of an acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP). The patient required an antihistamine and an oral and topical corticosteroid. Since this product contained more than one ingredient, the role of the pancreatic enzymes in this specific adverse event is unclear.
Topically, exposure to pancreatic enzyme product powder is irritating to the skin. Hypersensitivity reactions such as skin rash have been reported.
- Miyoshi, H. and Kanzaki, T. Drug eruption (erythema multiforme type) due to a digestive enzyme drug. J Dermatol. 1998;25(1):28-31.
- Seiler CM, Izbicki J, Varga-Szabó L, et al. Randomised clinical trial: a 1-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of pancreatin 25 000 Ph. Eur. minimicrospheres (Creon 25000 MMS) for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency after pancreatic surgery, with a
- Lee SK, Kim MS, Lee UH. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by a digestive enzyme drug, Festal(®). Clin Exp Dermatol. 2018;43(3):321-323.
- McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
Pain Renal
Orally, extremely high doses of pancreatic enzyme products containing more than 10,000 lipase units/kg body weight daily have been associated with high uric acid levels in blood and urine. Rarely, kidney pain has been reported.
- Sack, J., Blau, H., Goldfarb, D., Ben-Zaray, S., and Katznelson, D. Hyperuricosuria in cystic fibrosis patients treated with pancreatic enzyme supplements. A study of 16 patients in Israel. Isr.J Med Sci. 1980;16(6):417-419.
- Nouisa-Arvanitakis, S., Stapleton, F. B., Linshaw, M. A., and Kennedy, J. Therapeutic approach to pancreatic extract-induced hyperuricosuria in cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr 1977;90(2):302-305.
- Stapleton, F. B., Kennedy, J., Nousia-Arvanitakis, S., and Linshaw, M. A. Hyperuricosuria due to high-dose pancreatic extract therapy in cystic fibrosis. N.Engl.J Med 7-29-1976;295(5):246-248.
- Seiler CM, Izbicki J, Varga-Szabó L, et al. Randomised clinical trial: a 1-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of pancreatin 25 000 Ph. Eur. minimicrospheres (Creon 25000 MMS) for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency after pancreatic surgery, with a
Pancreatitis Hematologic
Orally, severe neutropenia has been reported with a pancreatic enzyme product. In one case report, a 61-year-old patient taking a prescription pancreatic enzyme product for chronic pancreatitis developed agranulocytosis that persisted despite a trial of filgrastim. Upon discontinuation of the pancreatic enzyme product, marked improvement in neutropenia occurred within 7 days, with full resolution within 6 weeks.
Adverse-effects data: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center
Dosing
There is no single dose that fits everyone. Prescription pancreatic enzymes are dosed based on the amount of lipase units per meal, the person's body weight (especially in children), and how severe the enzyme shortage is. Your doctor will adjust the dose based on your symptoms, weight, and nutrition.
In general, these products are taken with meals and snacks, often with the dose split so part is taken at the start of the meal. Enteric-coated capsules should usually be swallowed whole and not crushed or chewed. If a capsule must be opened, the contents are typically mixed with a small amount of soft, acidic food and taken right away.
Over-the-counter products vary widely in strength and quality, so follow the product label. The safest approach is to check with your pharmacist or doctor to make sure you are using the right product at the right dose.
Pancreatic Enzyme Products & Pregnancy
Pancreatic Enzyme Products & Breastfeeding
© 2026 Therapeutic Research Center
Pregnancy & lactation ratings: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center
References & further reading
The 40 references that drive our Pancreatic Enzyme Products monograph and interaction data, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Citations with a link open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
- Martindale W. Martindale the Extra Pharmacopoeia. Pharmaceutical Press, 1999.
- McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
- Smyth RL, van Velzen D, Smyth AR, et al. Strictures of ascending colon in cystic fibrosis and high-strength pancreatic enzymes. Lancet 1994;343:85-6. PubMed
- Bergner A, Bergner RK. Pulmonary hypersensitivity associated with pancreatin powder exposure. Pediatrics 1975;55:814-7. DOI
- Wiessmann KJ, Baur X. Occupational lung disease following long-term inhalation of pancreatic extracts. Eur J Respir Dis 1985;66:13-20.
- Bragelmann, R., Armbrecht, U., Rosemeyer, D., Schneider, B., Zilly, W., and Stockbrugger, R. W. The effect of pancreatic enzyme supplementation in patients with steatorrhoea after total gastrectomy. Eur.J Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 1999;11(3):231-237. PubMed
- Halm, U., Loser, C., Lohr, M., Katschinski, M., and Mossner, J. A double-blind, randomized, multicentre, crossover study to prove equivalence of pancreatin minimicrospheres versus microspheres in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Aliment.Pharmacol.Ther. PubMed
- O'Keefe, S. J., Cariem, A. K., and Levy, M. The exacerbation of pancreatic endocrine dysfunction by potent pancreatic exocrine supplements in patients with chronic pancreatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001;32(4):319-323. PubMed
- Shin, S. Y., Hur, G. Y., Ye, Y. M., and Park, H. S. A case of occupational rhinitis caused by porcine pancreatic extract developing into occupational asthma. J Korean Med Sci. 2008;23(2):347-349. PubMed
- Andersen, H. O., Hjelt, K., Waever, E., and Overgaard, K. The age-related incidence of meconium ileus equivalent in a cystic fibrosis population: the impact of high-energy intake. J Pediatr Gastroenterol.Nutr 1990;11(3):356-360. DOI
- Ramo, O. J., Puolakkainen, P. A., Seppala, K., and Schroder, T. M. Self-administration of enzyme substitution in the treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Scand.J Gastroenterol. 1989;24(6):688-692. PubMed
- Aparisi, L., Rodrigo, J. M., Serra, M. A., Del Olmo, J., Bisquert, M., and Raga, F. [Efficacy of a new microencapsulated pancreatin versus a conventional preparation, in the treatment of steatorrhea of pancreatic origin]. Rev.Esp.Enferm.Apar.Dig. 1989;76
- Ansaldi-Balocco, N., Santini, B., and Sarchi, C. Efficacy of pancreatic enzyme supplementation in children with cystic fibrosis: comparison of two preparations by random crossover study and a retrospective study of the same patients at two different ages DOI
- Beverley, D. W., Kelleher, J., Macdonald, A., Littlewood, J. M., Robinson, T., and Walters, M. P. Comparison of four pancreatic extracts in cystic fibrosis. Arch Dis.Child 1987;62(6):564-568. PubMed
- Silber, W. Pankreoflat in benign diseases of the oesophagus: a blind therapeutic trial. S.Afr.Med J 7-7-1973;47(26):1137-1138.
- Sack, J., Blau, H., Goldfarb, D., Ben-Zaray, S., and Katznelson, D. Hyperuricosuria in cystic fibrosis patients treated with pancreatic enzyme supplements. A study of 16 patients in Israel. Isr.J Med Sci. 1980;16(6):417-419.
- Oades, P. J., Bush, A., Ong, P. S., and Brereton, R. J. High-strength pancreatic enzyme supplements and large-bowel stricture in cystic fibrosis. Lancet 1-8-1994;343(8889):109. DOI
- Mac Sweeney, E. J., Oades, P. J., Buchdahl, R., Rosenthal, M., and Bush, A. Relation of thickening of colon wall to pancreatic-enzyme treatment in cystic fibrosis. Lancet 3-25-1995;345(8952):752-756. PubMed
- Jones, R., Franklin, K., Spicer, R., and Berry, J. Colonic strictures in children with cystic fibrosis on low-strength pancreatic enzymes. Lancet 8-19-1995;346(8973):499. DOI
- Taylor, C. J. and Steiner, G. M. Fibrosing colonopathy in a child on low-dose pancreatin. Lancet 10-21-1995;346(8982):1106-1107. PubMed
- Ong, P. S., Oades, P. J., Bush, A., and Brereton, R. J. Colonic stricture in a boy with cystic fibrosis. Postgrad.Med J 1995;71(835):309-312. PubMed
- Milla, C. E., Wielinski, C. L., and Warwick, W. J. High-strength pancreatic enzymes. Lancet 3-5-1994;343(8897):599. DOI
- McHugh, K., Thomson, A., and Tam, P. Case report: colonic stricture and fibrosis associated with high-strength pancreatic enzymes in a child with cystic fibrosis. Br.J Radiol. 1994;67(801):900-901. PubMed
- Nouisa-Arvanitakis, S., Stapleton, F. B., Linshaw, M. A., and Kennedy, J. Therapeutic approach to pancreatic extract-induced hyperuricosuria in cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr 1977;90(2):302-305. PubMed
- Lancellotti, L., Cabrini, G., Zanolla, L., and Mastella, G. High- versus low-lipase acid-resistant enzyme preparations in cystic fibrosis: a crossover randomized clinical trial. J Pediatr.Gastroenterol.Nutr. 1996;22(1):73-78. DOI
- FitzSimmons, S. C., Burkhart, G. A., Borowitz, D., Grand, R. J., Hammerstrom, T., Durie, P. R., Lloyd-Still, J. D., and Lowenfels, A. B. High-dose pancreatic-enzyme supplements and fibrosing colonopathy in children with cystic fibrosis. N.Engl.J Med 5-1- PubMed
- Stapleton, F. B., Kennedy, J., Nousia-Arvanitakis, S., and Linshaw, M. A. Hyperuricosuria due to high-dose pancreatic extract therapy in cystic fibrosis. N.Engl.J Med 7-29-1976;295(5):246-248. PubMed
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This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC
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